Chapter XVIII: Front Matter (18)

SUIT, s[=u]t, _n._ act of suing: an action at law: a petition: a series: a set: a number of things of the same kind or made to be used together, as clothes or armour: courtship.--_v.t._ to fit: to become: to please.--_v.i._ to agree: to correspond.--_p.adj._ SUIT'ED (_Shak._), dressed, clothed.--_ns._ SUIT'ING, cloth suitable for making suits of clothes, usually in _pl._; SUIT'OR, one who sues in love or law: a petitioner: a wooer:--_fem._ SUIT'RESS.--_v.i._ to play the suitor.--_adj._ SUIT'ORCIDE, suitor-killing. [Fr.,--Low L. _secta_, a suit--L. _sequi_, to follow.]

SUITABLE, s[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ that suits: fitting: agreeable to: adequate.--_ns._ SUITABIL'ITY, SUIT'ABLENESS.--_adv._ SUIT'ABLY.

SUITE, sw[=e]t, _n._ a train of followers or attendants: a regular set, particularly of rooms: a series of dances arranged for instruments in the same or relative keys, and usually preceded by a prelude: a sequel. [Fr. Cf. _Suit_.]

SUIVEZ, sw[=e]-v[=a]', _n._ (_mus._) a direction to the accompanist to adapt his time and style to the soloist. [Fr., 'follow.']

SUJEE, s[=oo]'j[=e], _n._ fine flour made from the heart of the wheat, for English tables in India--Also SOO'JEE, SOU'JEE. [Hind. _s[=u]j[=i]_.]

SULCATE, -D, sul'k[=a]t, -ed, adj, furrowed, grooved.--_n._ SULC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ SUL'CIFORM.--_n._ SUL'CUS:--_pl._ SUL'CI. [L. _sulcus_, a furrow.]

SULK, sulk, _v.i._ to be sullen.--_adv._ SULK'ILY, in a sulky, sullen, or morose manner.--_n._ SULK'INESS.--_n.pl._ SULKS, a fit of sullenness.--_adj._ SULK'Y, silently sullen.--_n._ a light two-wheeled vehicle for one person, sometimes having no body. [A.S. _solcen_, slow--_seolcan_, to be slow.]

SULLAGE, sul'[=a]j, _n._ the floating scum on molten metal: silt: anything which sullies.

SULLEN, sul'en, _adj._ gloomily angry and silent: malignant, baleful: dark: dull.--_adv._ SULL'ENLY.--_n._ SULL'ENNESS.--_n.pl._ SULL'ENS, sullen fits. [O. Fr. _solain_--L. _solus_, alone.]

SULLY, sul'i, _v.t._ to soil: to spot: to tarnish.--_v.i._ to be soiled:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sull'ied.--_n._ spot: tarnish. [A.S. _sylian_, to defile--_sol_, mud.]

SULPHUR, sul'fur, _n._ a yellow mineral substance, very brittle, fusible, and inflammable: brimstone.--_n._ SUL'PHATE, a salt formed by sulphuric acid with a base.--_v.t._ to form a deposit of lead sulphate on.--_adj._ SULPHAT'IC.--_ns._ SUL'PHATILE, native sulphuric acid; SUL'PHIDE, a combination of sulphur with a metal; SUL'PHITE, a salt formed by sulphurous acid.--_v.t._ SUL'PH[=U]R[=A]TE, to combine with, or subject to, the action of sulphur.--_ns._ SULPH[=U]R[=A]'TION, the act or operation of subjecting to the action of sulphur or sulphurous acid; SULPHUR[=A]'TOR, an apparatus for sulphurating.--_adj._ SULPH[=U]'R[=E]OUS, consisting of, containing, or having the qualities of sulphur.--_adv._ SULPH[=U]'REOUSLY.--_ns._ SULPH[=U]'REOUSNESS; SUL'PH[=U]RET, a combination of sulphur with an alkali, earth, or metal.--_adjs._ SUL'PH[=U]RETTED, having sulphur in combination; SULPH[=U]'RIC, pertaining to, or obtained from, sulphur: denoting a certain well-known strong acid, formerly called oil of vitriol; SUL'PH[=U]ROUS, pertaining to, resembling, or containing sulphur: denoting the pungent acid given out when sulphur is burned in air; SUL'PHURY, partaking of the qualities of sulphur.--SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN, a compound of sulphur and hydrogen, stinking and noxious; SULPHUROUS ACID, an acid formed by one equivalent of sulphur combined with two of oxygen. [L. _sulphur_; said to be conn. with Sans. _çulv[=a]ri_.]

SULTAN, sul'tan, _n._ a Mohammedan sovereign, esp. the supreme head of the Ottoman empire: a purple or hyacinthine gallinule, or porphyrio: a small white variety of the domestic hen:--_fem._ SULTANA (sul-tä'na), the mother, a wife, or a daughter of a sultan--also SUL'TANESS.--_ns._ SULTANA (sul-tä'na), a king's mistress: a kind of viol: an old form of necklace: a small kind of raisin; SUL'TANATE, the authority or jurisdiction of a sultan.--adj: SULTAN'IC.--_n._ SUL'TANSHIP. [Ar. _sult[=a]n_, victorious, a ruler.]

SULTRY: sul'tri, _adj._ sweltering: very hot and oppressive: close.--_adv._ SUL'TRILY.--_n._ SUL'TRINESS. [Another form is _sweltry_, from root of _swelter_.]

SUM, sum, _n._ the amount of two or more things taken together: the whole of anything: a quantity of money: a problem in arithmetic: chief points: substance or result of reasoning: summary: height: completion.--_v.t._ to collect into one amount or whole: to count: to bring into a few words:--_pr.p._ sum'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ summed.--_adj._ SUM'LESS, not to be summed or counted: incalculable.--_ns._ SUM'MER, one who sums; SUM'MING, the act of one who sums, arithmetic; SUM'MING-UP, a recapitulation or review of the leading points, a judge's summary survey of the evidence given to a jury before it withdraws to consider its verdict; SUM'MIST, one who makes a summary, esp. a theological compendium. [Fr.,--L. _summa_--_summus_, _supremus_, highest, superl. of _superus_, on high--_super_, above.]

SUMAC, SUMACH, s[=u]'mak, _n._ a genus of small trees and shrubs of the natural order _Anacardiaceæ_--the leaves of some species used in dyeing. [Fr. _sumac_--Sp. _zumaque_--Ar. _summ[=a]q_.]

SUMERIAN, s[=u]-m[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Sumir_, one of the two divisions of ancient Babylonia.

SUMMARY, sum'a-ri, _adj._ summed up or condensed: short: brief: compendious: done by a short method.--_n._ an abstract, abridgment, or compendium.--_adv._ SUMM'ARILY.--_n._ SUMM'ARINESS.--_v.t._ SUMM'ARISE, to present in a summary or briefly.--_ns._ SUMM'ARIST; one who summarises; SUMM'[=U]LA, a brief educational text-book.--SUMMARY DILIGENCE (Scots law), the process by which execution may proceed without the need of further application to the court, in the case of bonds and other instruments registered for execution.

SUMMATION, sum-[=a]'shun, _n._ act of summing or forming a total amount: an aggregate.--_adjs._ SUMM[=A]'TIONAL, SUMM'ATIVE.

SUMMER, sum'[.e]r, _n._ the second and warmest season of the year--June, July, August.--_v.i._ to pass the summer.--_v.t._ to keep through the summer.--_adj._ SUMM'ER-DRIED, dried by the heat of summer.--_n._ SUMM'ER-DUCK, a beautiful North American duck.--_adj._ SUMM'ER-FALL'OW, lying fallow during the summer.--_ns._ SUMM'ER-HOUSE, a house in a garden used in summer: a summer residence; SUMM'ERING, a kind of early apple.--_adv._ SUMM'ER-LIKE.--_adj._ SUMM'ERLY, warm and bright like summer.--_ns._ SUMM'ER-SHINE, the summer colour of a bird, insect, &c.; SUMM'ER-TIDE, SUMM'ER-TIME, the summer season.--_adj._ SUMM'ERY, like summer.--INDIAN SUMMER (see INDIAN); ST LUKE'S, ST MARTIN'S, SUMMER (see SAINT). [A.S. _sumer_, _sumor_; Dut. _zomer_, Ger. _sommer_.]

SUMMER, sum'[.e]r, _n._ the first stone laid over columns or pilasters to form a cross vault: the central beam of a floor which receives the joists: any large piece of timber supported on two strong piers or posts, and serving as a lintel to a door, window, &c.; (_obs._) a pack-horse, a sumpter-horse. [_Sumpter_.]

SUMMERSET. Same as SOMERSAULT.

SUMMIT, sum'it, _n._ the highest point or degree: the top.--_adj._ SUMM'ITLESS, having no summit or top.--_n._ SUMM'IT-LEV'EL, the highest level. [O. Fr. _som_, the top of a hill--L. _summum_, highest.]

SUMMON, sum'un, _v.t._ to call with authority: to command to appear, esp. in court: to rouse to exertion.--_ns._ SUMM'ONER; SUMM'ONS, a summoning or an authoritative call: a call to appear, esp. in court: a call to surrender.--_v.t._ to serve with a summons. [O. Fr. _somoner_--L. _summon[=e]re_--_sub_, secretly, _mon[=e]re_, to warn.]

SUMP, sump, _n._ a round pit of stone lined with clay, for receiving metal on its first fusion or reduction: the reservoir at the lowest point of a mine, from which the water is pumped: (_prov._) a bog, a puddle. [Dut. _somp_; Ger. _sumpf_.]

SUMPH, sumf, _n._ (_prov._) a blockhead, a soft sheepish fellow.--_adj._ SUMPH'ISH.--_n._ SUMPH'ISHNESS.

SUMPIT, sum'pit, _n._ the poisoned arrow thrown from the SUM'PITAN, or Malay blow-gun.

SUMPSIMUS, sump'si-mus, _n._ a correct expression displacing an incorrect but common one (see MUMPSIMUS). [L., 1st pers. _pl._ perf. indic. of _sum[)e]re_, to take.]

SUMPTER, sump't[.e]r, _n._ a horse for carrying burdens. [With inserted _p_ from O. Fr. _somier_--Low L. _sagmarius_--Gr. _sagma_, a pack-saddle--Gr. _sattein_, to pack.]

SUMPTUARY, sumpt'[=u]-ar-i, _adj._ pertaining to or regulating expense, as in SUMPTUARY LAWS, which sought to prevent extravagance in banquets, dress, &c. [L. _sumptuarius_--_sum[)e]re_, _sumptum_, to take, contr. of _sub_, up, _em[)e]re_, to buy.]

SUMPTUOUS, sumpt'[=u]-us, _adj._ costly: magnificent.--_ns._ SUMPT[=U]OS'ITY, SUMPT'[=U]OUSNESS.--_adv._ SUMPT'[=U]OUSLY. [L. _sumptuosus_, costly--_sumptus_, cost.]

SUN, sun, _n._ the body which is the source of light and heat to our planetary system: a body which forms the centre of a system of orbs: that which resembles the sun in brightness or value: the sunshine: a revolution of the earth round the sun, a year: sunrise, day: (_her._) a bearing representing the sun.--_v.t._ to expose to the sun's rays.--_v.i._ to become warm in the sunshine:--_pr.p._ sun'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sunned.--_n._ SUN'BEAM, a beam or ray of the sun.--_adjs._ SUN'-BEAT, -EN, smitten by the rays of the sun.--_ns._ SUN'-BIRD, a family of small tropical birds, the male with resplendent metallic plumage; SUN'-BITT'ERN, a South American bird about the size of a small curlew, long-legged and long-necked, with brilliant many-coloured markings; SUN'-BONN'ET, a light bonnet projecting beyond the face to protect from the sun; SUN'BOW, an iris formed by the sun, esp. in the spray of a cataract; SUN'BURN, a burning or scorching by the sun, esp. the browning of the skin of the face, hands, &c. exposed to the sun.--_adjs._ SUN'BURNED, SUN'BURNT, burned or discoloured by the sun.--_n._ SUN'BURST, a strong outburst of sunlight.--_adj._ SUN'-CLAD, clothed in radiant light.--_ns._ SUN'-CRACK, one of the superficial markings frequently seen on the surfaces of thin-bedded flagstones and argillaceous sandstones; SUN'DAWN, the light of the dawning sun; SUN'DEW, a plant of the genus Drosera, found in bogs and moist heathy ground; SUN'-D[=I]'AL, an instrument for measuring time by means of the motion of the sun's shadow cast by a style erected on its surface; SUN'-DOG, a mock sun or parhelion; SUN'DOWN, sunset: a hat with a wide brim to shade the eyes; SUN'DOWNER, in Australia, a loafer who saunters from station to station in the interior, arriving about sundown in the hope of getting free rations and lodging for the night: a physician in government employment who practises for private fees after his official hours.--_adj._ SUN'-DRIED, dried by exposure to the sun.--_ns._ SUN'-FISH, a fish whose body resembles the forepart of a larger fish cut short off, supposed to be so called from its nearly circular form; SUN'FLOWER, a plant so called from its flower, which is a large disc with yellow rays; SUN'GOD, the sun considered as a deity; SUN'HAT, a light hat with wide brim to shade the face from the sun.--_adj._ SUN'LESS, without the sun: deprived of the sun or its rays: shaded: dark.--_ns._ SUN'LESSNESS; SUN'LIGHT, the light of the sun.--_adjs._ SUN'LIKE, like the sun; SUN'LIT, lighted up by the sun.--_n._ SUN'-MYTH, a solar myth (see SOLAR).--_p.adj._ SUNNED, exposed to the sun.--_n._ SUN'NINESS.--_adj._ SUN'NY, pertaining to, coming from, or like the sun: exposed to, warmed, or coloured by the sun's rays.--_ns._ SUN'-PICT'URE, -PRINT, a photograph; SUN'RISE, SUN'RISING, the rising or first appearance of the sun above the horizon: the time of this rising: the east; SUN'SET, SUN'SETTING, the setting or going down of the sun: the west; SUN'SHADE, a ladies' parasol: an awning; SUN'SHINE, the shining light of the sun: the place on which it shines: warmth.--_adjs._ SUN'SHINE, SUN'SHINY, bright with sunshine: pleasant: bright like the sun; SUN'-SMITT'EN, smitten by the rays of the sun.--_ns._ SUN'SPOT, one of the dark irregular spots appearing on the surface of the sun; SUN'STONE, aventurine feldspar.--_adj._ SUN'-STRICK'EN.--_n._ SUN'STROKE, a nervous disease, from exposure to the sun.--_adv._ SUN'WARD, toward the sun.--_ns._ SUN'-WOR'SHIP, adoration of the sun; SUN'-WOR'SHIPPER.--BE IN THE SUNSHINE, HAVE THE SUN IN ONE'S EYES, to be in liquor, to be drunk; TAKE THE SUN, to ascertain the latitude from the sun; UNDER THE SUN, in the world, on earth. [A.S. _sunne_; Ice. _sunna_, Ger. _sunne_.]

SUNDARI, sun'da-ri, _n._ a tree abundant in Burma and Borneo, with dark durable timber.--Also SUN'DRA-TREE, SUN'DER-TREE.

SUNDAY, sun'd[=a], _n._ the first day of the week, so called because anciently dedicated to the sun or its worship.--_ns._ SUN'DAY-BEST, one's best clothes; SUN'DAY-SAINT, one whose religion is confined to Sundays; SUN'DAY-SCHOOL, a school for religious instruction for children, held on Sunday. [A.S. _sunnan dæg_; Ger. _sonntag_.]

SUNDER, sun'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to separate: to divide.--_ns._ SUN'DERANCE; SUN'DERMENT.--IN SUNDER (_B._), asunder. [A.S. _syndrian_, to separate--_sundor_, separate; Ice. _sundr_, asunder.]

SUNDRY, sun'dri, _adj._ separate: more than one or two: several: divers.--_n.pl._ SUN'DRIES, sundry things: different small things.--ALL AND SUNDRY, all collectively and individually.

SUNG, sung, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _sing_.

SUNK, sungk, SUNKEN, sungk'n, _pa.p._ of _sink_.

SUNKET, sung'ket, _n._ (_Scot._) a dainty.

SUNN, sun, _n._ an Indian leguminous plant cultivated for the fibre of its bark. [Hind. _san_.]

SUNNITE, sun'[=i]t, _n._ the name commonly given to orthodox Muslims, because in their rule of faith and manners the _Sunna_, or traditional teaching of the prophet, is added to the Koran.--Also SONN'ITE.

SUP, sup, _v.t._ to take into the mouth, as a liquid: (_Scot._) to eat with a spoon.--_v.i._ to eat the evening meal: (_B._) to sip:--_pr.p._ sup'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ supped.--_n._ a small mouthful, as of a liquid. [A.S. _súpan_; Ice. _súpa_, Ger. _saufen_, to drink.]

SUPAWN, su-pan', _n._ mush, or Indian meal boiled in water, eaten with milk.--Also SUPPAWN', SEPAWN', SEPON'. [Amer. Ind.]

SUPE, s[=u]p, _n._ (_U.S._) a theatrical super: a toady.

SUPER, s[=u]'p[.e]r, _n._ a supernumerary actor.

SUPERABLE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ capable of being overcome.--_n._ S[=U]'PERABLENESS.--_adv._ S[=U]'PERABLY.

SUPERABUNDANT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ab-und'ant, _adj._ abundant to excess: more than enough: copious.--_v.i._ SUPERABOUND', to abound exceedingly: to be more than enough.--_n._ SUPERABUND'ANCE.--_adv._ SUPERABUND'ANTLY.

SUPERACIDULATED, s[=u]-p[.e]r-a-sid'[=u]-l[=a]-ted, _adj._ acidulated to excess.

SUPERADD, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ad', _v.t._ to add over and above.--_n._ SUPERADDI'TION.

SUPERALTAR, s[=u]'p[.e]r-awlt-ar, _n._ a small slab of stone used as a portable altar, to be laid on the top of an unconsecrated altar.

SUPERANGELIC, s[=u]-p[.e]r-an-jel'ik, _adj._ more than angelic.

SUPERANNUATE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-an'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to impair or disqualify by living beyond the years of service or by old age: to pension on account of old age or infirmity.--_v.i._ to become incapacitated by long service.--_n._ SUPERANNU[=A]'TION, state of being superannuated: the allowance granted in consideration of such. [L. _super_, above, _annus_, a year.]

SUPERATION, s[=u]-pe-r[=a]'shun, _n._ the apparent passing of one planet by another in longitude: the act of surmounting.

SUPERB, s[=u]-p[.e]rb', _adj._ proud: magnificent: stately: elegant: showy: (_coll._) first-class, very good.--_adv._ SUPERB'LY.--_n._ SUPERB'NESS, the state of being superb. [L. _superbus_, proud--_super_, above.]

SUPERCALENDERED, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kal'en-derd, _adj._ denoting paper of a very high degree of polish due to several courses of rolling.

SUPERCALLOSAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ka-l[=o]'sal, _adj._ lying above the corpus callosum, specifying a fissure or sulcus of the median aspect of the cerebrum.

SUPERCANOPY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kan'[=o]-pi, _n._ an upper arch or gable above a lesser or lower one.

SUPERCARGO, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kär'go, _n._ a person in a merchant-ship placed in charge of the cargo and superintending all the commercial transactions of the voyage.--_n._ SUPERCAR'GOSHIP.

SUPERCELESTIAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sel-est'yal, _adj._ situated above the firmament or vault of heaven.

SUPERCHARGE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-chärj, _n._ (_her._) a charge borne upon an ordinary or other charge.

SUPERCILIOUS, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sil'i-us, _adj._ lofty with pride: disdainful: dictatorial: overbearing.--_adj._ SUPERCIL'IARY, above the eyebrow.--_adv._ SUPERCIL'IOUSLY.--_n._ SUPERCIL'IOUSNESS. [L. _superciliosus_--_supercilium_, an eyebrow--_super_, above, _cilium_, eyelid.]

SUPERCRETACEOUS, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kr[=e]-t[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_geol._) lying above the chalk.

SUPERDAINTY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-d[=a]n'ti, _adj._ (_Shak._) over-dainty.

SUPERDOMINANT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-dom'i-nant, _n._ (_mus._) the tone just above the dominant, the sixth or submediant.

SUPEREMINENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-em'i-nent, _adj._ eminent in a superior degree: excellent beyond others.--_n._ SUPEREM'INENCE.--_adv._ SUPEREM'INENTLY.

SUPEREROGATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-er-[=o]-g[=a]'shun, _n._ doing more than duty requires or is necessary for salvation, hence anything superfluous or uncalled for.--_adjs._ SUPEREROG'ATIVE, SUPEREROG'ATORY (SUPERER'OGANT).--WORKS OF SUPEREROGATION (_R.C._), works not absolutely required of each individual for salvation, but which may be done for the sake of greater perfection--affording the church a store of surplus merit, to eke out the deficient merit of others. [L. _super_, above, _erog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to pay out.]

SUPERESSENTIAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-e-sen'shal, _adj._ transcending mere being and essence.

SUPEREXALT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-egz-awlt', _v.t._ to exalt to a superior degree.--_n._ SUPEREXALT[=A]'TION.

SUPEREXCELLENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ek'sel-lent, _adj._ excellent above others, or in an uncommon degree.--_n._ SUPEREX'CELLENCE.

SUPERFAMILY, s[=u]'p[.e]r-fam-i-li, _n._ a group in classification between a suborder and a family, a group of families.

SUPERFECUNDATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fek-un-d[=a]'shun, _n._ the impregnation of two or more ova at the same stage of development by different acts of coition.

SUPERFICIES, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fish'y[=e]z, _n._ the upper face or surface: the outer face or part of a thing.--_adj._ SUPERFI'CIAL, pertaining to, or being on, the surface: shallow: slight: containing only what is apparent and simple: not learned.--_v.t._ SUPERFI'CIALISE, to treat superficially.--_n._ SUPERFI'CIALIST, a person of merely superficial knowledge.--_adv._ SUPERFI'CIALLY.--_ns._ SUPERFI'CIALNESS, SUPERFICIAL'ITY; SUPERFI'CIARY, one possessing a right to what stands on the surface of the lands of another.--_adj._ belonging to the surface: situated on another's land. [L. _super_, above, _facies_, face.]

SUPERFINE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-f[=i]n, _adj._ fine above others: finer than ordinary.--_n._ S[=U]'PERFINENESS.--_adj._ SUPERFIN'ICAL, very finical.

SUPERFLUOUS, s[=u]-p[.e]r'fl[=oo]-us, _adj._ more than enough: unnecessary or useless.--_n._ SUPERFL[=U]'ITY, a superfluous quantity or more than enough: state of being superfluous: superabundance.--_adv._ SUPER'FLUOUSLY.--_ns._ SUPER'FLUOUSNESS, superfluity; S[=U]'PERFLUX (_Shak._), any superfluity. [L. _superfluus_--_super_, above, _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]

SUPERFOETATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-f[=e]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the circumstance of two distinct conceptions occurring in the same woman at a considerable interval so that two foetuses of different ages--the offspring possibly of different fathers--may coexist in the uterus--also SUPERFET[=A]'TION.--_vs.i._ SUPERFOE'TATE, SUPERF[=E]'TATE, to conceive after a prior conception.

SUPERFRONTAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fron'tal, _adj._ pertaining to the upper part of the frontal lobe of the brain.--_n._ a covering for the top of the altar, generally hanging down all round, and fringed.

SUPERFUNCTION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fungk'shun, _n._ action of some organ in excess of what is normal.--_adj._ SUPERFUNC'TIONAL.

SUPERFUSE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour over something else.

SUPERHEAT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-h[=e]t', _v.t._ to heat to excess.--_n._ SUPERHEAT'ER.

SUPERHUMAN, s[=u]-p[.e]r-h[=u]'man, _adj._ above what is human: divine.--_n._ SUPERHUMAN'ITY.--_adv._ SUPERH[=U]'MANLY.

SUPERHUMERAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-h[=u]'me-ral, _n._ anything carried on the shoulders: the amice: the pallium: a Jewish ephod.

SUPERIMPOSE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-im-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to impose or lay above: (_geol._) to establish a structural system over, independently of underlying structures.--_n._ SUPERIMPOSI'TION, the act of superimposing: state of being superimposed.

SUPERINCUMBENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-kum'bent, _adj._ lying above.--_ns._ SUPERINCUM'BENCE, SUPERINCUM'BENCY.

SUPERINDUCE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to bring in over and above something else, to superadd.--_ns._ SUPERINDUC'TION, SUPERINDUCE'MENT.

SUPERINENARRABLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-[=e]-nar'a-bl, _adj._ in the highest degree incapable of being described.

SUPERINTEND, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-tend', _v.t._ to have the oversight or charge of: to control, manage.--_v.i._ to exercise supervision.--_ns._ SUPERINTEN'DENCE, SUPERINTEN'DENCY, oversight: direction: management.--_adj._ SUPERINTEN'DENT, superintending.--_n._ one who superintends: the head of a Sunday-school: in some Protestant churches a clergyman having the oversight of the clergy of a district: overseer.--_n._ SUPERINTEN'DENTSHIP.

SUPERIOR, s[=u]-p[=e]'ri-or, _adj._ upper: higher in place, rank, or excellence: surpassing others: beyond the influence of: of wider application, generic: (_print._) set above the level of the line.--_n._ one superior to others: the chief of a monastery, &c., and of certain churches and colleges: (_Scots law_) one who has made an original grant of heritable property to a tenant or _vassal_, on condition of a certain annual payment (_feu-duty_) or of the performance of certain services.--_ns._ SUP[=E]'RIORESS, a female superior or chief in a convent, nunnery, &c.; SUPERIOR'ITY, quality or state of being superior: pre-eminence: advantage: (_Scots law_) the right which the superior enjoys in the land held by the vassal.--_adv._ SUP[=E]'RIORLY, in a superior manner.--SUPERIOR PLANETS, those more distant from the sun than the earth. [L., comp. of _superus_, high--_super_, above.]

SUPERJACENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-j[=a]'sent, _adj._ lying above or upon.

SUPERLATIVE, s[=u]-p[.e]r'la-tiv, _adj._ raised above others or to the highest degree: superior to all others: most eminent: (_gram._) expressing the highest degree of a quality.--_n._ (_gram._) the superlative or highest degree of adjectives and adverbs: any word or phrase full of exaggeration.--_adv._ SUPER'LATIVELY.--_n._ SUPER'LATIVENESS, state of being superlative or in the highest degree. [L. _superlativus_--_superlatus_, pa.p. of _superferre_--_super_, above, _ferre_, to carry.]

SUPERLUNAR, s[=u]-p[.e]r-l[=u]'nar, _adj._ above the moon: not of this world.--Also SUPERL[=U]'NARY.

SUPERMEDIAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-m[=e]'di-al, _adj._ being above the middle.

SUPERMUNDANE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ above the world.

SUPERNACULAR, s[=u]-p[.e]r-nak'[=u]-lar, _adj._ very choice, of liquor.--_n._ SUPERNAC'[=U]LUM, wine fit to be drunk to the last drop with no heeltaps, anything very choice.--_adv._ to the last drop.

SUPERNAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r'nal, _adj._ that is above or in a higher place or region: relating to things above: celestial. [L. _supernus_--_super_, above.]

SUPERNATANT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-n[=a]'tant, _adj._ floating on the surface.--_n._ SUPERNAT[=A]'TION. [L. _supernat[=a]re_--_super_, above, _nat[=a]re_, to swim.]

SUPERNATIONAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-nash'un-al, _adj._ transcending the national, and belonging to mankind.--_n._ SUPERNA'TIONALISM.

SUPERNATURAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-nat'[=u]-ral, _adj._ above or beyond the powers of nature: not according to the usual course of nature: miraculous: spiritual.--_v.t._ SUPERNAT'URALISE, to bring into the supernatural sphere.--_ns._ SUPERNAT'URALISM, the belief in the influence of the supernatural in the world; SUPERNAT'URALIST, a believer in the supernatural.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the supernatural.--_adj._ SUPERNATURALIST'IC.--_adv._ SUPERNAT'URALLY.--_n._ SUPERNAT'URALNESS.

SUPERNUMERARY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-n[=u]m'[.e]r-ar-i, _adj._ over and above the number stated, or which is usual or necessary.--_n._ a person or thing beyond the usual, necessary, or stated number: one who appears on the stage without a speaking part. [L. _supernumerarius_--_super_, over, _numerus_, a number.]

SUPERNUTRITION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-n[=u]-trish'un, _n._ excessive nutrition.

SUPEROCCIPITAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ok-sip'e-tal, _adj._ pertaining to the upper part of the occipital lobe of the brain.

SUPEROCTAVE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-ok-t[=a]v, _n._ (_mus._) a coupler in the organ by means of which is sounded an octave higher than the one struck: an organ-stop two octaves above the principal.

SUPEROLATERAL, s[=u]-pe-r[=o]-lat'[.e]r-al, _adj._ situated above and at the side.

SUPERORDER, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or'd[.e]r, _n._ a group in the classifications of natural history above the order but below the class.--_adj._ SUPEROR'DINAL.

SUPERORDINARY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or'di-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ above the ordinary.

SUPERORDINATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or-di-n[=a]'shun, _n._ the ordination of a successor by an ecclesiastic: (_logic_) the relation of a universal proposition to a particular proposition in the same terms.--_adj._ SUPEROR'DINATE.

SUPERORGANIC, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or-gan'ik, _adj._ not dependent on organisation, psychical, spiritual: social.

SUPERPARASITISM, s[=u]-p[.e]r-par'a-s[=i]t-izm, _n._ the infestation of parasites by other parasites.--_n._ S[=U]'PERPARASITE, the parasite of a parasite.--_adj._ SUPERPARASIT'IC.

SUPERPHOSPHATE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fos'f[=a]t, _n._ a phosphate containing the greatest amount of phosphoric acid that can combine with the base.

SUPERPHYSICAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fiz'i-kal, _adj._ superorganic, psychical.

SUPERPOSE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to place over or upon.--_adjs._ SUPERP[=O]'SABLE; SUPERPOSED'.--_n._ SUPERPOSI'TION, act of superposing: state of being superposed: that which is above anything.

SUPERPRAISE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-pr[=a]z', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to praise excessively.

SUPER-ROYAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-roi'al, _adj._ larger than royal, denoting a size of paper, 19¼ × 27½ in. for writing and drawing paper, 20½ × 27½ in. for printing-paper.

SUPERSACRAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[=a]'kral, _adj._ situated on or over the sacrum.

SUPERSALT, s[=u]'p[.e]r-sawlt, _n._ a salt having a greater number of equivalents of acid than base.

SUPERSATURATE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sat'[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to saturate beyond the normal point.--_n._ SUPERSATUR[=A]'TION.

SUPERSCRIBE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to write or engrave over, on the outside or top: to write the name on the outside or cover of.--_ns._ S[=U]'PERSCRIPT, SUPERSCRIP'TION, act of superscribing: that which is written or engraved above or on the outside. [L. _super_, above, _scrib[)e]re_, _scriptum_, to write.]

SUPERSEDE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to take the place of another by reason of superior right, power, &c.: to make useless by superior power: to come in the room of, to replace: to displace, set aside, render unnecessary.--_ns._ SUPERS[=E]'DEAS, a writ to stay proceedings, or to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases; SUPERS[=E]'DENCE, SUPERS[=E]'DURE, SUPERSES'SION, a setting aside, the act of superseding; SUPERSED[=E]'RE (_Scots law_), a private agreement among creditors, under a trust-deed, to supersede or sist diligence for a certain period: an order of court granting protection to a debtor. [L. _super_, above, _sed[=e]re_, _sessum_, to sit.]

SUPERSENSIBLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sen'si-bl, _adj._ above the range of the senses, spiritual.--_adv._ SUPERSEN'SIBLY.--_adj._ SUPERSEN'SITIVE, excessively sensitive.--_n._ SUPERSEN'SITIVENESS.--_adjs._ SUPERSEN'SORY, SUPERSEN'SUAL, beyond the senses.

SUPERSERVICEABLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[.e]rv'is-a-bl, _adj._ (_Shak._) doing more than required, over-officious.

SUPERSOLAR, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[=o]'lar, _adj._ above the sun.

SUPERSTITION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-stish'un, _n._ excessive reverence or fear, based on ignorance: excessive exactness in religious opinions or practice: false worship or religion: an ignorant and irrational belief in supernatural agency, omens, divination, sorcery, &c.: belief in what is absurd, without evidence: rites or practices proceeding from superstitious belief or fear: over-nicety, exactness too scrupulous or morbid.--_adj._ SUPERSTI'TIOUS, pertaining to, or proceeding from, superstition: over-exact.--_adv._ SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY.--_n._ SUPERSTI'TIOUSNESS. [L. _superstitio_, excessive religious belief--_super_, over, above, _statum_, _sist[)e]re_--_st[=a]re_, to stand.]

SUPERSTRATUM, s[=u]-p[.e]r-str[=a]'tum, _n._ a stratum or layer situated above another.

SUPERSTRUCTURE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-strukt'[=u]r, _n._ a structure above or on something else: anything erected on a foundation--also SUPERSTRUC'TION.--_adjs._ SUPERSTRUCT'IVE, SUPERSTRUCT'[=U]RAL.

SUPERSUBTLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sut'l, _adj._ over-subtle.--_adj._ SUPERSUBT'ILISED, subtilised or refined to excess.--_n._ SUPERSUBT'LETY, excessive subtlety, over-nicety.

SUPERTONIC, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ton'ik, _n._ (_mus._) the tone in a scale next above the tonic or keynote.

SUPERVENE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-v[=e]n', _v.i._ to come in addition, or closely after: to occur, take place.--_adj._ SUPERV[=E]'NIENT, coming above, as something additional.--_n._ SUPERVEN'TION, act of supervening or taking place. [L. _super_, above, _ven[=i]re_, _ventum_, come.]

SUPERVISE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-v[=i]z', _v.i._ to oversee: to superintend.--_ns._ SUPERV[=I]'SAL, SUPERVI'SION, act of supervising: inspection: control; SUPERV[=I]'SOR, one who supervises: an overseer: an inspector: (_Shak._) a spectator.--_adjs._ SUPERV[=I]'SORY, pertaining to, or having, supervision; SUPERVIS'[=U]AL, beyond the ordinary visual powers. [L. _super_, over, _vid[=e]re_, _visum_, to see.]

SUPERVOLUTE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-vol-[=u]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having a plaited or convolute arrangement in the bud.

SUPINE, s[=u]-p[=i]n', _adj._ lying on the back: leaning backward, inclined, sloping: negligent: indolent.--_v.t._ S[=U]'PIN[=A]TE, to bring the palm upward.--_ns._ S[=U]PIN[=A]'TION, the state of being supine: the act of lying or being laid with the face upward: the act of turning the palm of the hand upward: the hand so turned; S[=U]PIN[=A]'TOR, that which produces supination: a muscle that turns the palm upward; S[=U]'PINE, one of two parts of the Latin verb, really verbal nouns, ending in _tum_ and _tu_, called the first and second supine respectively.--_adv._ S[=U]PINE'LY.--_n._ S[=U]PINE'NESS. [L. _supinus_--_sub_, under.]

SUPPEDANEUM, sup-[=e]-d[=a]'n[=e]-um, _n._ a foot-rest on a cross or crucifix.--_adj._ SUPPED[=A]'NEOUS, being under the feet. [L. _sub_, under, _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]

SUPPEDITATE, sup-ed'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to supply, furnish.--_n._ SUPPEDIT[=A]'TION, supply. [L. _suppedit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to supply--_suppet[)e]re_, to be in store--_sub_, under, _pet[)e]re_, to seek.]

SUPPER, sup'[.e]r, _n._ a meal taken at the close of the day.--_adj._ SUPP'ERLESS, without supper.--_ns._ SUPP'ING, the act of one who sups: that which is supped; LORD'S'-SUPP'ER (see LORD). [O. Fr. _soper_ (Fr. _souper_)--from Low Ger. _supen_, to sup.]

SUPPLANT, sup-plant', _v.t._ to displace by stratagem: to take the place of: to undermine.--_ns._ SUPPLANT[=A]'TION; SUPPLANT'ER. [L. _supplant[=a]re_, to trip up one's heels--_sub_, under, _planta_, the sole of the foot.]

SUPPLE, sup'l, _adj._ pliant: lithe: yielding to the humour of others: fawning.--_v.t._ to make supple: to make soft or compliant.--_v.i._ to become supple.--_n._ SUPP'LENESS.--_adj._ SUPP'LE-SIN'EWED, having supple sinews: lithe.--SUPPLE JACK (_U.S._), one of various climbing-shrubs with strong stems: a pliant cane. [Fr. _souple_--L. _supplex_, bending the knees--_sub_, under, plic[=a]re, to fold.]

SUPPLEMENT, sup'le-ment, _n._ that which supplies or fills up: any addition by which defects are supplied: the quantity by which an angle or an arc falls short of 180° or a semicircle.--_v.t._ SUPPLEMENT', to supply or fill up: to add to.--_adjs._ SUPPLEMEN'TAL, SUPPLEMENT'ARY, added to supply what is wanting: additional.--_adv._ SUPPLEMENT'ARILY.--_ns._ SUPPLEMENT[=A]'TION; SUPPLEMENT'ER.--_v.t._ SUPPL[=E]TE', to supplement.--_adjs._ SUPP'L[=E]TIVE, SUPP'L[=E]TORY, supplemental.--_n._ a supplement. [L. _supplementum_--_suppl[=e]re_, to fill up.]

SUPPLIANT, sup'li-ant, _adj._ supplicating: asking earnestly: entreating.--_n._ a humble petitioner.--_adv._ SUPP'LIANTLY.--_n._ SUPP'LIANTNESS. [Fr. _suppliant_, pr.p. of supplier--L. _supplic[=a]re_.]

SUPPLICANT, sup'li-kant, _adj._ supplicating: asking submissively.--_n._ one who supplicates or entreats earnestly.--_adv._ SUPP'LICANTLY. [L. _supplicans_, _pr.p._ of supplic[=a]re.]

SUPPLICATE, sup'li-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to entreat earnestly: to address in prayer.--_n._ SUPP'LICAT, in the English universities, a petition.--_adv._ SUPP'LIC[=A]TINGLY.--_n._ SUPPLIC[=A]'TION, act of supplicating: in ancient Rome, a solemn service or day decreed for giving formal thanks to the gods for victory, &c.: earnest prayer or entreaty, especially, in liturgies, a litany petition for some special blessing.--_adj._ SUPP'LIC[=A]TORY, containing supplication or entreaty: humble.--_n._ SUPPLIC[=A]'VIT, formerly a writ issued by the King's Bench or Chancery for taking the surety of the peace against a person. [L. _supplic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_supplex_--_sub_, under, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.]

SUPPLY, sup-pl[=i]', _v.t._ to fill up, esp. a deficiency: to add what is wanted: to furnish: to fill a vacant place: to serve instead of:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ supplied'. [Fr.,--L. _suppl[=e]re_--_sub_, up, _pl[=e]re_, to fill.]

SUPPLY, sup-pl[=i]', _n._ act of supplying: that which is supplied or which supplies a want: amount of food or money provided (used generally in _pl._): a grant of money provided by a legislature for the expenses of government: a person who takes another's duty temporarily, a substitute, esp. a clergyman.--_ns._ SUPPL[=I]'AL, the act of supplying, the thing supplied; SUP'PLIANCE (_Shak._), that which is supplied, gratification.--_adj._ SUPPL[=I]'ANT (_Shak._), supplying, auxiliary.--_adv._ SUP'PLIANTLY.--_ns._ SUPPL[=I]'ER, one who supplies; SUPPLY'MENT (_Shak._), a supply.--COMMISSIONER OF SUPPLY, one of the body forming the chief county authority in Scotland for administrative and rating purposes, down to 1889.

SUPPORT, sup-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to bear up: to endure or sustain: to keep up as a part or character: to make good: to defend: to represent in acting: to supply with means of living: to uphold by countenance, patronise: to follow on the same side as a speaker.--_n._ act of supporting or upholding: that which supports, sustains, or maintains: maintenance: an actor playing a subordinate part with a star: an accompaniment in music.--_adj._ SUPPORT'ABLE, capable of being supported: endurable: capable of being maintained.--_n._ SUPPORT'ABLENESS.--_adv._ SUPPORT'ABLY.--_ns._ SUPPORT'ANCE (_Shak._), support; SUPPORT'ER, one who, or that which, supports: an adherent: a defender: (_her._) a figure on each side of the escutcheon.--_adjs._ SUPPORT'ING, SUPPORT'IVE.--_n.fem._ SUPPORT'RESS. [L. _support[=a]re_--_sub_, up, _port[=a]re_, to bear.]

SUPPOSE, sup-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to lay down, assume, or state as true: to imagine.--_adj._ SUPP[=O]'SABLE, that may be supposed.--_n._ SUPP[=O]'SAL (_Shak._), supposition.--_adj._ SUPP[=O]SED' (_Shak._), counterfeit.--_adv._ SUPP[=O]'SEDLY, according to supposition.--_ns._ SUPP[=O]'SER; SUPPOSI'TION, act of supposing: that which is supposed: assumption: presumption, opinion.--_adj._ SUPPOSI'TIONAL, implying supposition.--_adv._ SUPPOSI'TIONALLY.--_adjs._ SUPPOSI'TIONARY, hypothetical; SUPPOS'ITIVE, implying, expressing, or including a supposition.--_adv._ SUPPOS'ITIVELY.--_ns._ SUPPOS'ITORY (_med._), a pill of any solid medicine in the form of a cone or cylinder intended for introduction into the rectum or other canal; SUPPOS'ITUM, that which is supposed; SUPP[=O]'S[=U]RE, supposition. [Fr. _supposer_--L. _suppon[)e]re_, _-positum_--_sub_, under, _pon[)e]re_, to place.]

SUPPOSITITIOUS, sup-poz-i-tish'us, _adj._ put by trick in the place of another: spurious: imaginary, hypothetical, supposed.--_adv._ SUPPOSITI'TIOUSLY, in a supposititious manner.--_n._ SUPPOSITI'TIOUSNESS, the state of being supposititious. [L. _supposititius_--_suppon[)e]re_, to put in the place of another--_sub_, under, _pon[)e]re_, to place.]

SUPPRESS, sup-pres', _v.t._ to crush, put down: to keep in: to retain or conceal: to stop, restrain.--_adv._ SUPPRESS'EDLY.--_ns._ SUPPRESS'ER, SUPPRESS'OR.--_adj._ SUPPRESS'IBLE.--_ns._ SUPPRES'SION, act of suppressing: stoppage: concealment; SUPPRES'SIONIST, one who supports suppression.--_adj._ SUPPRESS'IVE, tending to suppress: subduing. [L. _supprim[)e]re_, _suppressum_--_sub_, under, _prem[)e]re_, to press.]

SUPPURATE, sup'[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.i._ to gather pus or matter.--_n._ SUPPUR[=A]'TION, a morbid process which gives rise to the formation of pus, one of the commonest products of inflammation.--_adj._ SUPP'UR[=A]TIVE, tending to suppurate: promoting suppuration.--_n._ a medicine which promotes suppuration. [L. _sub_, under, _pus_, _pur-is_, pus.]

SUPRACILIARY, s[=u]-pra-sil'i-ar-i, _adj._ above the eyebrow.--Also SUPERCIL'IARY.

SUPRACLAVICULAR, s[=u]-pra-kla-vik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated above the clavicle or collar-bone.

SUPRACOSTAL, s[=u]-pra-kost'al, _adj._ above or upon the ribs.

SUPRACRETACEOUS, s[=u]-pra-kr[=e]-t[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_geol._) denoting strata lying above the chalk.

SUPRALAPSARIAN, s[=u]-pra-laps-[=a]'ri-an, _n._ one of a class of Calvinists who make the decree of election and predestination to precede the Creation and the Fall--opp. to _Sublapsarian_.--_adj._ pertaining to the Supralapsarians or to their opinions.--_n._ SUPRALAPS[=A]'RIANISM. [L. _supra_, above, beyond, _labi_, _lapsus_, to fall.]

SUPRALATERAL, s[=u]-pra-lat'[.e]r-al, _adj._ placed on the upper part of the side.

SUPRALUNAR, s[=u]-pra-l[=u]'nar, _adj._ beyond the moon: very lofty.

SUPRAMAXILLARY, s[=u]-pra-mak'si-l[=a]-ri, _adj._ pertaining to the upper jaw.--_n._ the superior maxillary or upper jaw-bone.

SUPRAMUNDANE, s[=u]-pra-mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ above the world.

SUPRA-ORBITAL, s[=u]-pra-or'bi-tal, _adj._ being above the orbit of the eye.

SUPRAPOSITION, s[=u]-pra-p[=o]-zish'un, _n._ the placing of one thing above another.

SUPRAPROTEST, s[=u]-pra-pr[=o]'test, _n._ acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange, by one not a party to it, after protest for non-acceptance or non-payment.

SUPRARENAL, s[=u]-pra-r[=e]'nal, _adj._ situated above the kidneys.

SUPRASCAPULAR, s[=u]-pra-skap'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated above the scapula or shoulder-blade.--Also S[=U]PRASCAP'ULARY.

SUPRASENSIBLE, s[=u]-pra-sen'si-bl, _adj._ above the reach of the senses.

SUPRASPINAL, s[=u]-pra-sp[=i]'nal, _adj._ situated above the spine.--_adj._ SUPRASP[=I]'NOUS, above a spine or spinous process.

SUPREME, s[=u]-pr[=e]m', _adj._ highest: greatest: most excellent.--_n._ the highest point: the chief, the superior.--_n._ SUPREM'ACY, state of being supreme; highest authority or power.--_adv._ SUPREME'LY.--_ns._ SUPREME'NESS, SUPREM'ITY.--OATH OF SUPREMACY, an oath denying the supremacy of the pope; THE SUPREME BEING, God. [L. _supremus_, superl. of _superus_, high--_super_, above.]

SURA, s[=oo]'ra, _n._ a chapter of the Koran.--Also SU'RAH. [Ar. _s[=u]ra_, a step.]

SURA, s[=oo]'ra, _n._ the sap of the palmyra and coco-palm, &c. [Hind. _sur[=a]_.]

SURADDITION, sur-a-dish'un, _n._ (_Shak._) something added, as to a name.

SURAH, s[=u]'ra, _n._ a soft twilled silk fabric.--Also SURAH SILK.

SURAL, s[=u]'ral, _adj._ pertaining to the calf of the leg. [L. _sura_, the calf.]

SURANCE, sh[=oo]r'ans, _n._ (_Shak._) assurance.

SURAT, s[=u]-rat', _n._ coarse uncoloured cotton made at _Surat_, 160 miles north of Bombay.

SURBASE, sur'b[=a]s, _n._ a cornice or series of mouldings above the base of a pedestal.--_adj._ SURBASED'.--_n._ SURBASE'MENT.

SURBATE, sur-b[=a]t', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bruise, as the feet by travel.--Also SURBET'. [Prob. Fr. _solbatu_, _solbature_--_sole_, the sole, _battu_, pa.p. of _battre_, to beat.]

SURBED, sur-bed', _v.t._ to set edgewise, as a stone with reference to the grain.

SURCEASE, sur-s[=e]s', _v.i._ to cease.--_v.t._ to cause to cease.--_n._ cessation. [O. Fr. _sursis_, pa.p. of _surseoir_--L. _super-sed[=e]re_, to refrain from.]

SURCHARGE, sur-chärj', _v.t._ to overcharge or overload.--_n._ an excessive load: an overcharge: an extra charge: a painting in lighter enamel over a darker which serves as the ground.--_adj._ SURCHARGED', overloaded.--_n._ SURCHARGE'MENT.

SURCINGLE, sur'sing-gl, _n._ a girth or strap for holding a saddle on an animal's back: the girdle of a cassock.--_v.t._ to surround with such. [L. _super_, above, _cingulum_, a belt.]

SURCOAT, sur'k[=o]t, _n._ an overcoat, generally applied to the long flowing drapery of knights anterior to the introduction of plate-armour: a short robe worn by ladies over the tunic at the close of the 11th century. [O. Fr. _surcote_, _surcot_--_sur_, over, _cote_, a garment.]

SURCULUS, sur'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a shoot from a root-stock, a sucker.--_adjs._ SURCULIG'EROUS, bearing such; SUR'CULOSE, producing such. [L.]

SURD, surd, _adj._ (_alg._) involving surds: produced by the action of the speech organs on the breath (not the voice), as the 'hard' sounds _k_, _t_, _p_, _f_, &c.: deaf: (_obs._) unheard, senseless.--_n._ (_alg._) a quantity inexpressible by rational numbers, or which has no root.--_ns._ SURDIM[=U]'TISM, the condition of being deaf and dumb; SURD'ITY, want of sonant quality. [L. _surdus_, deaf.]

SURE, sh[=oo]r, _adj._ secure: fit to be depended on; certain: strong: confident beyond doubt.--_advs._ SURE, SURELY, firmly, safely: certainly, assuredly.--_adj._ SURE'FOOTED, walking firmly or securely: not liable to stumble.--_adv._ SUREFOOT'EDLY.--_ns._ SUREFOOT'EDNESS; SURE'NESS.--SURE ENOUGH, certainly.--BE SURE, be certain, see to it; HAVE A SURE THING (_slang_), to have a certainty; MAKE SURE, to make certain; TO BE SURE, without doubt. [O. Fr, _seür_ (Fr. _sûr_)--L. _securus_--_se-_, apart from, _cura_, care.]

SURETY, sh[=oo]r'ti, _n._ certainty: he who, or that which, makes sure: security against loss: one who becomes bound for another, a sponsor.--_ns._ SURE'TYSHIP, SURE'TISHIP, state of being surety: obligation of one person to answer for another. [Doublet _security_.]

SURF, surf, _n._ the foam made by the dashing of waves.--_ns._ SURF'-BIRD, a plover-like bird found on the Pacific coasts of North and South America, akin to sandpipers and turnstones, and sometimes called _Boreal sandpiper_ and _Plover-billed turnstone_; SURF'-DUCK, the scoter (q.v.); SURF'MAN, one skilful in handling boats in surf.--_adj._ SURF'Y. [Skeat explains the _r_ as intrusive, and suggests that _suffe_ is the same as '_sough_ of the sea,' M. E. _swough_, _swoughen_, _swowen_--A.S. _swógan_, to make a rushing sound.]

SURFACE, sur'f[=a]s, _n._ the exterior part of anything.--_adj._ SUR'FACED, having a surface.--_ns._ SUR'FACEMAN, a miner employed in open-air working: a workman employed in keeping a railway-bed in repair; SUR'FACE-PRINT'ING, printing from a relief surface, as cotton-cloth; SUR'FACER, one who, or that which, smooths or levels a surface; SUR'FACE-TEN'SION, in liquids, that property in virtue of which a liquid surface behaves as if it were a stretched elastic membrane--say a sheet of india-rubber; SUR'FACE-WA'TER, drainage-water; SUR'FACING, the act of giving a certain surface to anything. [Fr., from _sur_--L. _super_, and _face_--L. _facies_.]

SURFEIT, sur'fit, _v.t._ to fill to satiety and disgust.--_n._ excess in eating and drinking: sickness or satiety caused by overfullness.--_ns._ SUR'FEITER (_Shak._), one who surfeits, a glutton; SUR'FEITING, eating overmuch: gluttony. [O. Fr. _surfait_, excess, _sorfaire_, to augment--L. _super_, above, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

SURFICIAL, sur-fish'al, _adj._ formed on the surface, as opposed to _Subterranean_.

SURFRAPPÉ, sur-frap'[=a], _adj._ restruck or restamped--of a coin. [Fr.]

SURFUSION, sur-f[=u]'shun, _n._ the condition of being liquid below fusing-point.

SURGE, surj, _n._ the rising or swelling of a large wave.--_v.i._ to rise high: to swell.--_adj._ SUR'GY, full of surges or waves: billowy. [L. _surg[)e]re_, to rise.]

SURGEON, sur'jun, _n._ one who treats injuries or diseases by manual operations.--_ns._ SUR'GEONCY, SUR'GEONSHIP, the office or employment of a surgeon in the army or navy; SUR'GERY, act and art of treating lesions or malformations of the human body by manual operations, mediate and immediate: a place for surgical operations.--_adj._ SUR'GICAL, pertaining to surgeons, or to surgery: done by surgery.--_adv._ SUR'GICALLY. [A doublet of _chirurgeon_ (q.v.).]

SURICATE, s[=u]'ri-k[=a]t, _n._ a long-legged South African carnivore, allied to the civet, genette, and ichneumon.

SURINAM-TOAD, s[=u]-ri-nam'-t[=o]d, _n._ a South American toad-like amphibian.

SURLOIN, the preferable form of _sirloin_ (q.v.).

SURLY, sur'li, _adj._ morose: uncivil: tempestuous.--_adv._ SUR'LILY.--_n._ SUR'LINESS. [For _sir-ly_, for _sir-like_, arrogant.]

SURMASTER, sur'mas-t[.e]r, _n._ a master in a school next in rank to a headmaster.

SURMISE, sur-m[=i]z', _n._ suspicion: conjecture.--_v.t._ to imagine: to suspect.--_adjs._ SURM[=I]'SABLE, SURM[=I]'SANT.--_n._ SURM[=I]'SER. [O. Fr.,--_surmettre_, to accuse--L. _super_, upon, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.]

SURMOUNT, sur-mownt', _v.t._ to mount above: to surpass: to overcome, get the better of.--_adj._ SURMOUNT'ABLE, that may be surmounted.--_n._ SURMOUNT'ABLENESS.--_adj._ SURMOUNT'ED, surpassed: overcome: (_archit._) denoting an arch or dome rising higher than a semicircle: (_her._) denoting a figure when another is laid over it.--_n._ SURMOUNT'ER. [Fr.--_sur_ (L. _super_), above, _monter_, to mount.]

SURMULLET, sur-mul'et, _n._ a mulloid food-fish of the genus _Mullus_, with two long barbels on the throat.

SURNAME, sur'n[=a]m, _n._ a name over and above the Christian name: the family name.--_v.t._ to call by a surname.--_adj._ SURNOM'INAL. [Formed from Fr. _sur_--L. _super_, over and above, and Eng. _name_, on the analogy of Fr. _sur-nom_.]

SURPASS, sur-pas', _v.t._ to pass beyond: to exceed: to excel: to go past in space.--_adj._ SURPASS'ABLE, that may be surpassed.--_p.adj._ SURPASS'ING, passing beyond others: excellent in a high degree.--_adv._ SURPASS'INGLY.--_n._ SURPASS'INGNESS. [Fr. _surpasser_, _sur_--L. _super_, beyond, _passer_, to pass.]

SURPLICE, sur'plis, _n._ a white linen garment worn over the cassock by clerks of all degrees, most commonly used for the service of the choir, and also employed, along with the stole, by priests in the administration of the sacraments and in preaching.--_adj._ SUR'PLICED, wearing a surplice. [Fr. _surplis_--Low L. _superpellicium_, an over-garment.]

SURPLUS, sur'plus, _n._ the overplus: excess above what is required.--_n._ SUR'PLUSAGE, overplus. [Fr., from _sur_--L. _super_, over, _plus_, more.]

SURPRISE, sur-pr[=i]z', _n._ act of taking unawares: the emotion caused by anything sudden: amazement.--_v.t._ to come upon suddenly or unawares: to lead or bring unawares, to betray (with _into_): to strike with wonder or astonishment: to confuse.--_n._ SURPR[=I]S'AL, act of surprising.--_adv._ SURPR[=I]S'EDLY.--_adj._ SURPR[=I]S'ING, exciting surprise: wonderful: unexpected.--_adv._ SURPR[=I]S'INGLY.--_n._ SURPR[=I]S'INGNESS. [Fr.,--surpris, pa.p. of _surprendre_--L. _super_, over, _prehend[)e]re_, to catch.]

SURQUEDRY, sur'kwe-dri, _n._ (_Spens._) pride, arrogance--also SUR'QUIDRY.--_adj._ SUR'QUEDOUS.

SURREBOUND, sur-e-bownd', _v.i._ to rebound again and again: to give back echoes.

SURREBUT, sur-e-but', _v.i._ to reply to a defendant's rebutter.--_ns._ SURREBUT'TAL, a plaintiff's evidence or presentation of evidence, in response to a defendant's rebuttal; SURREBUT'TER, the plaintiffs reply, in common law pleading, to a defendant's rebutter; SURREJOIN'DER, the answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURREINED, sur'r[=a]nd, _adj._ (_Shak._) injured by driving, overworked.

SURRENAL, sur-r[=e]'nal, _adj._ situated above the kidneys.

SURRENDER, sur-ren'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to deliver over: to resign.--_v.i._ to yield up one's self to another.--_n._ act of yielding, or giving up to another.--_ns._ SURRENDEREE', one to whom a legal surrender is made; SURREN'DERER, one who surrenders; SURREN'DEROR (_law_), one who makes a surrender; SURREN'DRY, SURREN'DERY (_obs._), a surrender. [O. Fr. _surrendre_, from _sur_, over--L. _super_, over, _rendre_--L. _redd[)e]re_, to render.]

SURREPTITIOUS, sur-rep-tish'us, _adj._ done by stealth or fraud.--_adv._ SURREPTI'TIOUSLY. [L., from _surrip[)e]re_, _surreptum_--_sub_, under, _rap[)e]re_, to seize.]

SURREY, sur'[=a], _n._ (_U.S._) a light four-wheeled vehicle for four persons, usually with two seats in a box mounted on side-bars.

SURROGATE, sur'r[=o]-g[=a]t, _n._ a substitute: the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge.--_ns._ SUR'ROG[=A]TESHIP; SURROG[=A]'TION, subrogation; SURROG[=A]'TUM, that which comes in place of something else. [L. _surrog[=a]re_, _[=a]tum_--_sub_, in the place of, _rog[=a]re_, to ask.]

SURROUND, sur-rownd', _v.t._ to go round about; to encompass, environ: to cut off from communication or retreat.--_n._ SURROUND'ING, an encompassing: (_pl._) things which surround, external circumstances. [O. Fr. _suronder_--L. _superund[=a]re_, to overflow, often confused with _round_.]

SURSIZE, sur-s[=i]z', _n._ a penalty in feudal times for non-payment of castle-guard rent on the appointed day.

SURTAX, sur'taks, _n._ an additional tax on certain articles.--_v.t._ to lay such a tax upon.

SURTOUT, sur-t[=oo]', -t[=oo]t', _n._ a close-bodied frock-coat: (_fort._) a raised portion of the parapet of a work at the angles, to protect from enfilade fire. [Fr.,--Low L. _super-totus_, an outer garment.]

SURVEILLANCE, sur-vel'yans, _n._ a being vigilant or watchful: inspection.--_adj._ SURVEILL'ANT. [Fr.,--_surveiller_--_sur_, over--L. _super_, _veiller_, to watch--L. _vigil[=a]re_.]

SURVEY, sur-v[=a]', _v.t._ to see or look over: to inspect: to superintend: to examine: to measure and estimate, as land--(_obs._) SURVIEW'.--_ns._ SUR'VEY, oversight: view: examination: the measuring of land, or of a country: general view: a description of the condition, use, &c. of property to be insured: an auction at which a farm is let for three lives: (_U.S._) a district for the collection of customs under a particular officer; SURVEY'ING, the art of ascertaining the boundaries and superficial extent of any portion of the earth's surface; SURVEY'OR, an overseer: a measurer of land; SURVEY'ORSHIP. [O. Fr. _surveoir_--L. _super_, over, _vid[=e]re_, to see.]

SURVIVE, sur-v[=i]v', _v.t._ to live beyond: to outlive.--_v.i._ to remain alive.--_n._ SURV[=I]'VAL, a surviving or living after: any custom or belief surviving in folklore from a more or less savage earlier state of society, long after the philosophy or rationale of it is forgotten.--_p.adj._ SURV[=I]'VING, continuing alive: outliving.--_ns._ SURV[=I]'VOR, one who survives or lives after another; SURV[=I]'VORSHIP.--SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, the preservation of favourable variations, attended with the destruction of injurious ones, such being the result of Natural Selection (see Natural). [Fr.,--L. _super_, beyond, _viv[)e]re_, to live.]

SURYA, s[=oo]r'ya, _n._ the sun-god in Hindu mythology. [Sans. _s[=u]rya_, the sun.]

SUSCEPTIBLE, sus-sep'ti-bl, _adj._ capable of receiving anything: impressible: disposed to admit.--_ns._ SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, SUSCEP'TIBLENESS, quality of being susceptible: capability: sensibility.--_adv._ SUSCEP'TIBLY.--_adj._ SUSCEP'TIVE, capable of receiving or admitting: readily admitting.--_ns._ SUSCEP'TIVENESS; SUSCEPTIV'ITY; SUSCEP'TOR; SUSCIP'IENCY.--_adj._ SUSCIP'IENT. [Fr.,--L. _suscip[)e]re_, _susceptum_, to take up--_sub_, up, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

SUSCITATE, sus'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to excite, rouse.--_n._ SUSCIT[=A]'TION. [L. _suscit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_sub_, under, _cit[=a]re_, to arouse.]

SUSPECT, sus-pekt', _v.t._ to mistrust: to imagine to be guilty: to doubt: to have a slight opinion that something exists, but without sufficient evidence, to conjecture.--_v.i._ to imagine guilt, to be suspicious.--_n._ a person suspected.--_adv._ SUSPEC'TEDLY.--_n._ SUSPEC'TEDNESS.--_adj._ SUSPECT'LESS, not suspected. [L. _suspic[)e]re_, _suspectum_, to look at secretly--_sub_, up, _spec[)e]re_, to look at.]

SUSPEND, sus-pend', _v.t._ to hang one thing beneath another: to make to depend on: to make to stop for a time: to delay: to debar from any privilege, office, emolument, &c. for a time.--_ns._ SUSPEN'DED-ANIM[=A]'TION, the temporary cessation of the outward signs and of some of the functions of life--due to asphyxia, drowning, strangulation; SUSPEN'DER, one who, or that which, suspends, one of a pair of straps crossing the shoulders to support the trousers; SUSPENSE', state of being suspended: act of withholding the judgment: uncertainty: indecision: stop betwixt two opposites; SUSPENSIBIL'ITY, susceptibility of being suspended.--_adj._ SUSPEN'SIBLE, capable of being suspended.--_ns._ SUSPEN'SION, act of suspending: interruption: delay: temporary privation of office or privilege: a conditional withholding; SUSPEN'SION-BRIDGE, a bridge in which the roadway is supported by chains, which pass over elevated piers, and are secured below at each end.--_adj._ SUSPEN'SIVE.--_adv._ SUSPEN'SIVELY.--_n._ SUSPEN'SOR, a suspensory bandage.--_adj._ SUSPENS[=O]'RIAL.--_n._ SUSPENS[=O]'RIUM, that which holds up a part, esp. the arrangement joining the lower jaw to the cranium in vertebrates below mammals.--_adj._ SUSPEN'SORY, that suspends: doubtful.--_n._ that which suspends: a bandage: having the effect of delaying or staying.--SUSPEND PAYMENT, to publicly stop paying debts from insolvency. [L. _suspend[)e]re_--_sub_, beneath, _pend[=e]re_, _pensum_, to hang.]

SUSPERCOLLATE, sus-p[.e]r-kol'[=a]t, _v.t._ to hang. [_Sus. per coll._, abbrev. for L. _suspensio per collum_, hanging by the neck.]

SUSPICION, sus-pish'un, _n._ act of suspecting: the imagining of something without evidence or on slender evidence: mistrust: (_coll._) a slight quantity of, as of spirits.--_adj._ SUSPI'CIOUS, full of suspicion: showing suspicion: inclined to suspect: liable to suspicion, doubtful.--_adv._ SUSPI'CIOUSLY.--_n._ SUSPI'CIOUSNESS.

SUSPIRE, sus-p[=i]r', _v.i._ to fetch a deep breath, to sigh, to breathe.--_n._ SUSPIR[=A]'TION, act of sighing.--_adj._ SUSPIR'IOUS, sighing. [L. _susp[=i]r[=a]re_--_sub_, under, _spir[=a]re_, to breathe.]

SUSTAIN, sus-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to hold up: to bear: to maintain: to relieve: to prove: to sanction: to prolong.--_adjs._ SUSTAIN'ABLE, that may be sustained; SUSTAINED', kept up at one uniform pitch.--_ns._ SUSTAIN'ER, one who, or that which, sustains; SUSTAIN'MENT, act of sustaining, sustenance; SUS'TENANCE, that which sustains: maintenance: provisions.--_adj._ SUSTENTAC'ULAR, supporting, pertaining to a SUSTENTAC'ULUM, a support or sustaining tissue, esp. an inferior spine of the tarsus in spiders of the genus _Epeira_.--_v.t._ SUS'TENT[=A]TE, to sustain.--_n._ SUSTENT[=A]'TION, that which sustains: support: maintenance.--_adj._ SUSTEN'TATIVE, sustaining.--_ns._ SUS'TENT[=A]TOR, a sustaining part or structure; SUSTEN'TION, the act of sustaining; SUSTEN'TOR, one of two posterior projections of a butterfly-chrysalis.--SUSTENTATION FUND, the scheme by which the ministers of the Free Church of Scotland are supported by voluntary contributions not local or congregational, but with a national altruism or solidarity paid into a great central fund, out of which equal stipends are paid to all alike. [L. _sustin[=e]re_--_sub_, up, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

SUSURRANT, s[=u]-sur'ant, _adj._ murmuring, whispering.--_n._ SUSURR[=A]'TION, a soft murmur.--_adv._ SUSUR'RINGLY.--_adj._ SUSUR'ROUS, whispering, rustling.--_n._ SUSUR'RUS, a soft murmuring, a whispering. [L. _susurr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to whisper.]

SUTILE, s[=u]'til, _adj._ done by stitching. [L. _sutilis_--_su[)e]re_, to sew.]

SUTLER, sut'l[.e]r, _n._ a person who follows an army and sells liquor or provisions: a camp-hawker.--_n._ SUT'LERY, a sutler's work: a sutler's store.--_adj._ SUT'LING, pertaining to sutlers: engaged in the occupation of a sutler. [Old Dut. _soetelaar_, _zoetelaar_, a small trader--_zoetelen_, to do mean work; Low Ger. _suddeln_, to do dirty work.]

SUTOR, s[=u]'tor, _n._ a cobbler.--_adj._ SUT[=O]'RIAL. [L.]

SUTRA, s[=oo]t'ra, _n._ in Sanskrit literature, the technical name of aphoristic rules, and of works consisting of such rules--the groundworks of the ritual, grammatical, metrical, and philosophical literature of India being written in this form.

SUTTEE, sut-t[=e]', _n._ a usage long prevalent in India, in accordance with which, on the death of her husband, the faithful widow burned herself on the funeral pyre along with her husband's body.--_n._ SUTTEE'ISM, the practice of self-immolation among Hindu widows. [Sans. _satí_, a true wife.]

SUTTLE, sut'l, _adj._ light. [_Subtle_.]

SUTURE, s[=u]'t[=u]r, _n._ the mode of connection between the various bones of the cranium and face--_serrated_, when formed by the union of two edges of bone with projections and indentations fitting into one another--_squamous_, when formed by the overlapping of the bevelled edges of two contiguous bones: (_surg._) the sewing up of a wound by one or other mode, so as to maintain the opposed surfaces in contact: (_bot._) the seam at the union of two margins in a plant.--_adj._ S[=U]'T[=U]RAL, relating to a suture.--_adv._ S[=U]'T[=U]RALLY.--_n._ S[=U]T[=U]R[=A]'TION.--_adj._ S[=U]'T[=U]RED, having, or united by, sutures. [L. _sutura_--_su[)e]re_, to sew.]

SUVERSED, su-verst', _adj._ versed and belonging to the supplement.

SUZERAIN, s[=u]'ze-r[=a]n, _n._ a feudal lord: supreme or paramount ruler.--_n._ S[=U]'ZERAINTY, the dominion of a suzerain: paramount authority. [O. Fr.,--_sus_--Late L. _susum_, for _sursum_=_sub-versum_, above; the termination in imitation of Fr. _souverain_, Eng. _sovereign_.]

SVELT, svelt, _adj._ in art, free, easy, bold. [Fr.,--It.]

SWAB, swob, _n._ a mop for cleaning or drying floors or decks, or for cleaning out the bore of a cannon: a bit of sponge, &c., for cleansing the mouth of a sick person: (_slang_) a naval officer's epaulet: a lubber or clumsy fellow in sailor's slang.--_v.t._ to clean or dry with a swab:--_pr.p._ swab'bing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ swabbed.--_n._ SWAB'BER, one who uses a swab: a baker's implement for cleaning ovens. [Dut. _zwabber_, a swabber, _zwabberen_, to swab; Ger. _schwabber_.]

SWACK, swak, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to drink greedily.

SWACK, swak, _adj._ (_Scot._) active, nimble.

SWAD, swad, _n._ a country lout.

SWADDLE, swod'l, _v.t._ to swathe or bind tight with clothes, as an infant.--_ns._ SWADD'LER, an Irish papist's name for a Methodist, &c.; SWADD'LING-BAND, SWADD'LING-CLOTH, a cloth for swaddling an infant:--_pl._ SWADD'LING-CLOTHES (_B._). [A.S. _swethel_, a swaddling-band, _swathu_, a bandage.]

SWADDY, swod'i, _n._ a soldier, esp. a militiaman.

SWAG, swag, _n._ (_slang_) anything obtained by plunder: baggage, esp. that carried by one tramping through the bush, a swagman's pack: the subsidence of a mine-roof: a festoon or hanging cluster of flowers.--_ns._ SWAG'GER, SWAG'MAN, one who carries his swag about with him in his search for work; SWAG'SHOP, a place where cheap and trashy goods are sold. [Prob. _swag_ (v.).]

SWAG, swag, _v.i._ to sink down by its own weight.--_adj._ SWAG'-BELL'IED, having a large projecting belly. [Prob. conn. with _sway_.]

SWAGE, sw[=a]j, _n._ a tool used for making mouldings on sheet-iron.

SWAGE, sw[=a]j, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Milt._) to assuage.

SWAGGER, swag'[.e]r, _v.i._ to swing the body in a blustering defiant way: to brag noisily, to bully.--_n._ boastfulness: insolence of manner.--_adj._ (_slang_) very fashionable.--_n._ SWAGG'ERER.--_adj._ and _n._ SWAGG'ERING.--_adv._ SWAGG'ERINGLY. [A freq. of _swag_=_sway_.]

SWAHILI, swa-h[=e]'li, _n._ the name given to the people of Zanzibar and the opposite coast belonging to the Bantu stock, with an Arab infusion, and speaking a Bantu tongue modified by Arabic.--_adj._ SWAHI'LIAN. [Ar. _Waswahili_, 'coast people.']

SWAIN, sw[=a]n, _n._ a young man: a peasant: a country lover.--_n._ SWAIN'ING, love-making.--_adj._ SWAIN'ISH, boorish.--_n._ SWAIN'ISHNESS, boorishness. [Ice. _sveinn_, young man, servant, Dan. _svend_, servant.]

SWALE, sw[=a]l, _n._ a shady spot: a lower tract of rolling prairie.

SWALLOW, swol'[=o], _n._ a migratory bird with long wings, which seizes its insect food on the wing: a genus (_Hirundo_) and family (_Hirundinidæ_) of passerine birds, with long and pointed wings.--_adj._ SWALL'OW-TAILED, like a swallow's tail in form, forked and pointed--of a dress-coat. [A.S. _swalewe_; Ger. _schwalbe_.]

SWALLOW, swol'[=o], _v.t._ to receive through the gullet into the stomach: to engulf: to absorb: to occupy: to exhaust.--_n._ SWALL'OWER. [A.S. _swelgan_, to swallow; cog. with Ger. _schwelgen_.]

SWAM, swam, _pa.t._ of _swim_.

SWAMP, swomp, _n._ wet, spongy land: low ground filled with water.--_v.t._ to sink in, or as in a swamp: to overset, or cause to fill with water, as a boat.--_adj._ SWAMP'Y, consisting of swamp: wet and spongy. [Scand., Dan. and Sw. _svamp_, a sponge; from the root of _swim_.]

SWAN, swon, _n._ a genus of birds constituting a very distinct section of the Duck family _Anatidæ_, having the neck as long as the body, noted for grace and stateliness of movement on the water.--_ns._ SWAN'-GOOSE, the China goose; SWAN'-HERD, one who tends swans; SWAN'-HOP'PING, better SWAN'-MARK'ING and SWAN'-UP'PING, the custom of marking the upper mandible of a swan to show ownership--done annually to the royal swans on the Thames, the occasion being excuse for a festive expedition.--_adj._ SWAN'-LIKE.--_ns._ SWAN'-MAID'EN, a familiar figure in European folklore, changing at will into a maiden or a swan by means of the magic properties of her shift; SWAN'-MARK, the notch made on the swan's upper mandible; SWAN'-NECK, the end of a pipe, &c., curved like a swan's neck; SWAN'NERY, a place where swans are kept and tended.--_adj._ SWAN'NY, swan-like.--_ns._ SWAN'S'-DOWN, the down or under-plumage of a swan, used for powder-puffs, &c.: a soft woollen cloth: a thick cotton with a soft nap on one side; SWAN'-SHOT, a shot of large size, like buck-shot; SWAN'-SKIN, the unplucked skin of a swan: a soft, nappy, fine-twilled flannel; SWAN'-SONG, the fabled song of a swan just before its death: a poet's or musician's last work. [A.S. _swan_; Ger. _schwan_, Dut. _zwaan_.]

SWANG, swang, _n._ (_prov._) a swamp.

SWANK, swangk, _adj._ (_Scot._) slender, pliant: agile, supple--also SWANK'ING.--_n._ SWANK'Y, an active fellow. [A.S. _swancor_, pliant; Ger. _schwank_.]

SWANKY, SWANKIE, swangk'i, _n._ poor thin beer or any sloppy drink, even sweetened water and vinegar.

SWANPAN. See SHWANPAN.

SWAP, swop, _v.t._ to barter.--_n._ an exchange.--_adj._ SWAP'PING, large. [_Swop_.]

SWAPE, sw[=a]p, _n._ (_prov._) a pump-handle: a large oar or sweep: a sconce for holding a light.--_v.i._ to sweep: to place aslant.--_n._ SWAPE'-WELL, a well from which water is raised by a well-sweep.

SWARD, swawrd, _n._ the grassy surface of land: green turf--also SWARTH.--_v.t._ to cover with sward.--_adjs._ SWARD'ED, SWARD'Y, covered with sward. [A.S. _sweard_; Dut. _zwoord_, Ger. _schwarte_.]

SWARE, sw[=a]r (_B._), _pa.t._ of _swear_.

SWARF, swärf, _v.i._ to faint.--_n._ a swoon.

SWARF, swärf, _n._ the grit from a grindstone in grinding cutlery wet.

SWARM, swawrm, _n._ a body of humming or buzzing insects: a cluster of insects, esp. of bee: a great number: throng.--_v.i._ to gather as bees: to appear in a crowd: to throng: to abound: to breed multitudes.--_v.t._ to cause to breed in swarms. [A.S. _swearm_; Ger. _schwarm_; from the same root as Ger. _schwirren_.]

SWARM, swawrm, _v.i._ to climb a tree by scrambling up by means of arms and legs (with _up_).

SWARTH, swawrth, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as SWATH.

SWARTH, swawrth, _n._ a wraith, apparition of a person about to die.

SWARTHY, swawrth'i, _adj._ of a blackish complexion: dark-skinned: tawny--also SWART, SWARTH.--_adv._ SWARTH'ILY.--_ns._ SWARTHI'INESS; SWART'-STAR (_Milt._), the dog-star, so called because at the time of its appearance it darkens the complexion. [A.S. _sweart_; Ice. _svartr_, Ger. _schwarz_, black.]

SWARVE, swawrv, _v.i._ to swerve.

SWASH, swosh, _v.t._ to dash or splash.--_v.i._ to make a splashing noise, to wash up against.--_ns._ SWASH'-BUCK'LER, a bully, a blusterer; SWASH'ER (_Shak._), one who swashes, a blusterer.--_adj._ SWASH'ING, slashing, crushing.--_n.pl._ SWASH'-LETT'ERS, Italic capitals with top and bottom flourishes, intended to fill out ugly gaps.--_ns._ SWASH'-PLATE, a disc set obliquely on a revolving axis, to give a reciprocating motion to a bar along its length; SWASH'-WORK, lathe-work in which the cuts are inclined to the axis of rotation.--_adj._ SWASH'Y, swaggering. [Scand.; cf. dial. Sw. _svasska_, Norw. _svakka_, prov. Eng. _swack_, a blow.]

SWASTIKA, swäs'ti-ka, _n._ the same as _Fylfot_ (q.v.).--Also SVAS'TIKA and _Gammadion_. [Sans., 'fortunate.']

SWAT, swot (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _sweat_.

SWATCH, swach, _n._ a strip of cloth as a sample. [_Swath_.]

SWATH, swawth, _n._ a line of grass or corn cut by the scythe: the sweep of a scythe.--_adj._ SWATH'Y. [A.S. _swathu_, a track; Dut. _zwade_, also a scythe.]

SWATHE, sw[=a]th, _v.t._ to bind with a band or bandage.--_n._ a bandage. [A.S. _swethian_; cf. _Swaddle_.]

SWATS, swats, _n._ (_Scot._) new ale: thin sowens.

SWATTER, swat'[.e]r, _v.i._ (_prov._) to spill water about. [Cf. Dut. _swaddren_, to dabble in water.]

SWAY, sw[=a], _v.t._ to swing or wield with the hand: to incline to one side: to influence by power or moral force: to govern: to hoist, raise.--_v.i._ to incline to one side: to govern: to have weight or influence.--_n._ the sweep of a weapon: that which moves with power: preponderance: power in governing: influence or authority inclining to one side: a thatcher's binding-switch.--_adj._ SWAYED (_Shak._), bent down and injured in the back by heavy burdens--said of a horse. [Prob. Scand., as Ice. _sveigja_, Dan. _svaie_, to sway; akin to _swing_.]

SWEAL, sw[=e]l, _v.t._ to scorch.--_v.i._ to melt and run down: to burn away slowly. [A.S. _swelan_.]

SWEAR, sw[=a]r, _v.i._ to affirm, calling God to witness: to give evidence on oath: to utter the name of God or of sacred things profanely.--_v.t._ to utter, calling God to witness: to administer an oath to: to declare on oath:--_pa.t._ sw[=o]re; _pa.p._ sworn.--_n._ SWEAR'ER.--SWEAR AT, to aim profanity at: to be very incongruous with, esp. in colour; SWEAR BY, to put complete confidence in; SWEAR IN, to inaugurate by oath; SWEAR OFF, to renounce, promise to give up. [A.S. _swerian_; Dut. _zweren_, Ger. _schwören_.]

SWEARD, sw[=e]rd, _n._ (_Spens._) sword.