Chapter XXXVII: Front Matter (37)

WIND, w[=i]nd, _v.t._ to turn: to twist: to coil: to haul or hoist, as by a winch: to encircle: to change: (_Spens._) to weave.--_v.i._ to turn completely or often: to turn round something: to twist: to move spirally: to meander: to beat about the bush:--_pr.p._ w[=i]nd'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ wound.--_n._ W[=I]ND'ER, one who winds: an instrument for winding: a twisting plant.--_adj._ W[=I]ND'ING, curving, full of bends: twisted.--_n._ a turning: a twist.--_n._ W[=I]ND'ING-EN'GINE, a machine for hoisting.--_adv._ W[=I]ND'INGLY.--_ns._ W[=I]ND'ING-MACHINE', a twisting or warping machine; W[=I]ND'ING-SHEET, a sheet enwrapping a corpse: the dripping grease which clings to the side of a candle; W[=I]ND'-UP, the close.--WIND A SHIP, to turn her about end for end; WIND UP, to come to a conclusion: to tighten, to excite very much: to give new life to: to adjust for final settlement: (_Shak._) to restore to harmony. [A.S. _windan_; Ger. _winden_, Ice. _vinda_, Goth. _windan_. Cf. _Wend_, _Wander_.]

WINDLASS, wind'las, _n._ a modification of the wheel and axle, used for raising weights, consisting of a revolving cylinder.--_v.i._ to use a windlass.--_v.t._ to hoist by means of such. [Skeat explains as a corruption, due to confusion with the succeeding word, of M. E. _windas_, a windlass--Ice. _vindáss_--_vinda_, to wind; Dut. _windas_.]

WINDLASS, wind'las, _n._ (_Shak._) indirect, crafty action.--_v.i._ to take a round-about course. [For _wind-lace_, a winding course; from _wind_ (n.) and _lace_, a twist.]

WINDLE, win'dl, _n._ an engine for turning: a dry measure. [A.S. _windel_--_windan_, to turn.]

WINDLESTRAW, win'dl-straw, _n._ the stalk of various grasses. [A.S. _windel_, a woven basket, _streów_, straw.]

WINDOW, win'd[=o], _n._ an opening in the wall of a building for air and light: the frame in the opening: a cover, lid.--_v.t._ to furnish with windows: (_Shak._) to make rents in: (_Shak._) to place in a window.--_ns._ WIND'OW-BAR, a wooden or iron bar fitted into a window for security: (_Shak._) lattice-work across a woman's stomacher; WIN'DOW-BLIND, a blind or screen for a window; WIN'DOW-BOLE (same as BOLE, 3); WIN'DOW-CUR'TAIN, a curtain hung over a window, inside a room.--_adj._ WIN'DOWED, having a window or windows.--_ns._ WIN'DOW-FRAME, a frame or case which surrounds a window; WIN'DOW-GAR'DENING, the cultivation of plants indoors before a window, or in boxes fitted on the outside sill; WIN'DOW-GLASS, glass suitable for windows.--_adj._ WIN'DOWLESS, having no windows.--_ns._ WIN'DOW-PANE, a square of glass set in a window; WIN'DOW-SASH, a light frame in which panes of glass are set; WIN'DOW-SCREEN, any device for filling the opening of a window; WIN'DOW-SEAT, a seat in the recess of a window; WIN'DOW-SHADE, a sheet covering the window when pulled out; WIN'DOW-SILL, the flat piece of wood at the bottom of a window-frame.--WINDOW TAX, till 1851 a tax in Great Britain levied on windows of houses.--BLIND WINDOW, a window space blocked up with masonry. [M. E. _windowe_--Ice. _vindauga_--_vindr_, wind, _auga_, eye.]

WINDRING, w[=i]nd'ring, _adj._ (_Shak._) winding.

WINDSOR, win'zor, _adj._ pertaining to _Windsor_, as in WIND'SOR-CHAIR, a kind of strong, plain, polished chair, made entirely of wood; WIND'SOR-SOAP, a kind of perfumed brown toilet-soap.

WINE, w[=i]n, _n._ the fermented juice of the grape: a liquor made from other fruits: (_fig._) intoxication: a wine-drinking, a wine-party.--_ns._ WINE'-BAG, a wine-skin: a tippler; WINE'-BIBB'ER, a bibber or drinker of wine: a drunkard; WINE'-BIBB'ING; WINE'-BIS'CUIT, a sweet biscuit intended to be served with wine; WINE'-CASK, a cask for holding wine; WINE'-CELL'AR, a cellar for storing wine.--_adj._ WINE'-COL'OURED, of the colour of red wine.--_ns._ WINE'-COOL'ER, a receptacle for cooling wine in bottles about to be served at table; WINE'-FAT, the vat receiving the liquor from a wine-press; WINE'-GLASS, a small glass used in drinking wine; WINE'-GLASS'FUL; WINE'-GROW'ER, one who cultivates a vineyard and makes wine; WINE'-MEAS'URE, an old English liquid measure, its gallon 5/6 of the gallon in beer-measure, containing 231 cubic inches--the standard United States gallon; WINE'-MER'CHANT, a merchant who deals in wine, esp. at wholesale; WINE'-PAR'TY, a drinking-party; WINE'-PRESS, a machine in which grapes are pressed in the manufacture of wine; WINE'-SKIN, a skin for holding wine; WINE'-STONE, crude argol; WINE'-T[=A]ST'ER, one whose business it is to sample wines; WINE'-VAULT, a vaulted wine-cellar: (_pl._) a place where wine is tasted or drunk.--ADAM'S WINE, water; RHINE, RHENISH, WINE, wine produced on the banks of the _Rhine_, esp. hock; SPIRIT OF WINE, alcohol; WHITE WINE, Chablis, Sauterne, the wines of Germany--formerly Madeira and sherry. [A.S. _wín_; Goth, _wein_, Ger. _wein_; all from L. _vinum_; cog. with Gr. _oinos_.]

WING, wing, _n._ the organ of a bird, or other animal or insect, by which it flies: flight, means of flying: anything resembling a wing, any side-piece, the side of a building, &c.: one of the longer sides of crown-works or horn-works in fortification: the flank corps or division of an army on either side: the ships on either extremity of a fleet ranged in line: (_fig._) protection.--_v.t._ to furnish or transport with wings: to lend speed to: to supply with side-pieces: to bear in flight, to traverse by flying: to wound on the wing, to wound a person in arm or shoulder.--_v.i._ to soar on the wing.--_adv._ WING'-AND-WING', the condition of a ship sailing before the wind with studding sails on both sides.--_n._ WING'-CASE, the horny case or cover over the wings of some insects, as the beetle.--_adj._ WINGED, furnished with wings: swift: wounded in the wing: lofty, sublime: alate, abounding in wings.--_adv._ WING'EDLY, on or by wings.--_adjs._ WING'-FOOT'ED, having wings on the feet, aliped; WING'LESS, without wings.--_ns._ WING'LET, the bastard wing or alula of a bird: the pterygium of a weevil; WING'-SHELL, a stromb: an aviculoid bivalve, a hammer-oyster: a wing-snail; WING'-SHOOT'ING, the act or practice of shooting flying birds; WING'-SHOT, a shot at a bird on the wing: one who shoots flying birds.--_adj._ shot in the wing, or while on the wing.--_adj._ WING'Y, having wings: soaring on wings.--WINGED BULL, a common form in Assyrian sculpture, symbolic of domination.--MAKE, TAKE, WING, to depart; ON, UPON, THE WING, flying, in motion: departing; ON THE WINGS OF THE WIND, with the highest speed; UNDER ONE'S WING, under one's protection. [Ice. _vængr_, a wing; Sw. _vinge_.]

WINK, wingk, _v.i._ to move the eyelids quickly: to give a hint by winking: to seem not to see, connive at (gener. with _at_): to flicker, twinkle, sparkle.--_v.t._ to close and open quickly.--_n._ act of winking: a hint given by winking.--_ns._ WINK'-A-PEEP, the scarlet pimpernel; WINK'ER, one who winks: a horse's blinkers: (_Shak._) an eye: the winking membrane of a bird's eye, the winking muscle: a small bellows in an organ, regulated by a spring, controlling variations of wind-pressure; WINK'ING, the act of winking.--_adv._ WINK'INGLY.--FORTY WINKS (_coll._), a short nap; LIKE WINKING (_slang_), very rapidly; TIP ONE THE WINK, to wink to one as a sign of caution, or of mutual understanding, &c. [A.S. _wincian_ (Ger. _winken_); akin to A.S. _wancol_, wavering.]

WINKLE=_Periwinkle_ (q.v.).

WINNA, win'a, a Scotch form for _will not_.

WINNING, win'ing, _adj._ and _n._--_n._ WIN'NER.--_adv._ WIN'NINGLY. [_Win_.]

WINNOCK, win'ok, _n._ (_Scot._) a window.--Also WIN'DOCK.

WINNOW, win'[=o], _v.i._ to separate the chaff from the grain by wind: to fan: to examine: to sift: to blow upon: (_Milt._) to set in motion: (_rare_) to flap, flutter.--_v.i._ to separate chaff from grain.--_n._ a fan for winnowing.--_ns._ WINN'OWER; WINN'OWING; WINN'OWING-FAN, -MACHINE', a fan, machine, for winnowing. [A.S. _windwian_, to winnow.]

WINSEY=_Wincey_ (q.v.).

WINSOME, win'sum, _adj._ cheerful: pleasant: attractive.--_adv._ WIN'SOMELY.--_n._ WIN'SOMENESS. [A.S. _wyn-sum_, pleasant--_wyn_, joy (Ger. _wonne_).]

WINTER, win't[.e]r, _n._ the cold season of the year: a year: any season of cheerlessness: the last corn of the harvest, a harvest festival.--_adj._ wintry.--_v.i._ to pass the winter.--_v.t._ to feed, or to detain, during winter.--_ns._ WIN'TER-APP'LE, an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen till winter; WIN'TER-BAR'LEY, a kind of barley which is sown in autumn.--_adj._ WIN'TER-BEAT'EN (_Spens._), beaten or injured by the cold of winter.--_ns._ WIN'TER-BERR'Y, a name given to several shrubs of the genus _Ilex_, growing in the eastern parts of North America; WIN'TER-BLOOM, the witch-hazel; WIN'TER-BOURNE, an intermittent spring in the chalk-districts; WIN'TER-CHERR'Y, one of the _Solanaceæ_, a plant with edible red berries--also called in the United States _Strawberry-tomatoes_: the Balloon-vine, having large triangular, inflated fruit.--_adj._ WIN'TER-CLAD, warmly clad.--_ns._ WIN'TER-CLOV'ER, the partridge-berry; WIN'TER-CRESS, a cruciferous plant, cultivated for winter salad; WIN'TER-CROP, a crop that will endure the winter, or that yields fodder in winter-time.--_adj._ WIN'TERED, having seen many winters: exposed to winter: (_Shak._) worn in winter.--_ns._ WIN'TER-FALL'OW, a fallow made in the winter; WIN'TER-GAR'DEN, an ornamental garden for winter; WIN'TER-GREEN, a plant of genus _Pyrola_, also of _Chimaphila_: a plant of genus _Gualtheria_, whose oil is an aromatic stimulant, used chiefly in flavouring confectionery and syrups.--_v.t._ WIN'TER-GROUND (_Shak._), to protect, as a plant, from the inclemency of winter.--_ns._ WIN'TER-LODGE, -LODG'MENT, the hibernacle of a plant.--_adj._ WIN'TERLY, cheerless.--_n.pl._ WIN'TER-QUAR'TERS, the quarters of an army during winter: a winter residence.--_ns._ WIN'TER-SETT'LE, an old word for a winter dwelling; WIN'TER-TIDE, winter: WIN'TER-WHEAT, wheat sown in autumn; WIN'TRINESS.--_adjs._ WIN'TRY, WIN'TERY, resembling, or suitable to, winter: stormy. [A.S. _winter_; Ger. _winter_; of uncertain origin; not conn. with _wind_.]

WINTER, win't[.e]r, _n._ an appliance for fixing on the front of a grate, to keep warm a tea-kettle or the like.

WINTER'S-BARK, win't[.e]rs-bärk, _n._ a stimulant, aromatic, and tonic bark, named from Captain _Winter_, who first brought it from the Strait of Magellan in 1579.

WINTLE, win'tl _v.i._ (_Scot._) to stagger.--_n._ a stagger.

WINY, w[=i]'ni, _adj._ having the qualities of, or resembling, wine: influenced by wine.

WINZE, winz, _n._ (_Scot._) a curse. [_Wish_.]

WINZE, winz, _n._ in mining, a small ventilating shaft between two levels. [Prob. related to _winnow_.]

WIPE, w[=i]p, _v.t._ to clean by rubbing (with _away_, _off_, _out_): cleanse, clear away: to apply solder to with a piece of cloth or leather: (_coll._) to beat.--_n._ act of cleaning by rubbing: a blow: a scar: (_slang_) handkerchief.--_ns._ W[=I]'PER; W[=I]'PING, the act of wiping: a thrashing. [A.S. _wípian_; cf. Low Ger. _wiep_, a wisp.]

WIRE, w[=i]r, _n._ a thread of metal: the metal thread used in telegraphy, &c.: the string of an instrument: the slender shaft of the plumage of certain birds: a telegram: (_slang_) a clever pickpocket: (_Shak._) the lash, scourge.--_adj._ formed of wire.--_v.t._ to bind, snare, or supply with wire: to keep the ends of a broken bone together with wire: to send by telegraph.--_v.i._ to telegraph.--_n._ WIRE'-BRIDGE, a suspension-bridge.--_adj._ WIRED, having wiry feathers.--_n._ WIRE'-DAN'CER, a performer on a tight wire.--_v.t._ WIRE'-DRAW, to draw into wire: to draw or spin out to a great length: to strain or stretch the meaning of anything.--_ns._ WIRE'DRAWER; WIRE'DRAWING.--_adj._ WIRE'DRAWN, spun out into needless fine distinctions.--_ns._ WIRE'-GAUZE, a kind of stiff close fabric made of fine wire; WIRE'-GRASS, a kind of fine meadow-grass; WIRE'-GUARD, wire-netting placed in front of a fire; WIRE'-HEEL, a defect or disease of the foot; WIRE'-MAN, one who puts up or takes care of wires; WIRE'-NET'TING, WIRE'WORK, a texture of wire woven in the form of a net; WIRE'-PULL'ER, one who exercises an influence felt but not seen, as if the actors were his puppets and he pulled the wires that move them: an intriguer; WIRE'-PULL'ING; W[=I]'RER, a snarer; WIRE'-ROPE, a rope of twisted iron or steel.--_adj._ WIRE'-SEWED, -STITCHED, sewed with wire instead of thread.--_ns._ WIRE'WAY, transportation by means of wires; WIRE'WORK, articles made of wire; WIRE'WORKER; WIRE'WORKING; WIRE'-WORM, a name given to the larvæ of click-beetles, from their slenderness and uncommon hardness, very injurious to root, grain, and fodder crops.--_adj._ WIRE'WOVE, denoting a fine glazed quality of writing-paper.--_adv._ W[=I]'RILY.--_n._ W[=I]'RINESS, the state of being wiry.--_adj._ W[=I]'RY, made of, or like, wire: flexible and strong.--WIRE AWAY, or IN, to act with vigour.--PULL THE WIRES (see WIRE-PULLER above). [A.S. _wír_; Ice. _vírr_; perh. conn. with L. _viriæ_, bracelets.]

WIS, wis, v. (in the form _I wis_) erroneously used as 'I know.' [I wis is the M. E. adv. _i-wis_--A.S. _ge-wis_, certainly; cf. Ger. _ge-wiss_.]

WISARD, wiz'ard, _n._ Same as WIZARD.

WISDOM, wiz'dum, _n._ quality of being wise: judgment: right use of knowledge: learning: (_B._) skilfulness, speculation, spiritual perception: the apocryphal Book of the Wisdom of Solomon (see APOCRYPHA).--_n._ WIS'DOM-TOOTH, a large double back-tooth, so called because it appears late, when people are supposed to have arrived at the age of wisdom. [A.S. _wísdóm_, wisdom. Cf. _Wise_.]

WISE, w[=i]z, _adj._ having wit or knowledge: able to make use of knowledge well: judging rightly: discreet: learned: skilful: dictated by wisdom: containing wisdom: pious, godly.--_adjs._ WISE'-HEART'ED, having wisdom: prudent; WISE'-LIKE (_Scot._), sensible, judicious: looking as if capable of playing one's part well.--_n._ WISE'LING, one who pretends to be wise.--_adv._ WISE'LY.--_n._ WISE'NESS.--WISE WOMAN, a witch: (_Scot._) a midwife.--NEVER THE WISER, still in ignorance. [A.S. _wís_; Ger. _weise_; from root of _wit_.]

WISE, w[=i]z, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to guide in a certain direction, to incline.

WISE, w[=i]z, _n._ way, manner.--IN ANY WISE, IN NO WISE, in any way, in no way; ON THIS WISE, in this way. [A.S. _wíse_, orig. wiseness; Ger. _weise_; akin to _wise_ (1) and _wit_. Doublet _guise_.]

WISEACRE, w[=i]'z[=a]-k[.e]r, _n._ one who pretends to wisdom without grounds, a simpleton quite unconscious of being such. [Perh. through the medium of Dutch from Ger. _weissager_, a soothsayer, _weissagen_, to foretell--Old High Ger. _w[=i]zago_, a prophet.]

WISH, wish, _v.i._ to have a desire: to long (so in B.): to be inclined.--_v.t._ to desire or long for: to ask: to invoke: (_Shak._) to recommend.--_n._ desire, longing: thing desired: expression of desire.--_n._ WISH'ER.--_adj._ WISH'FUL, having a wish or desire: eager.--_adv._ WISH'FULLY.--_ns._ WISH'FULNESS; WISH'ING-BONE, WISH'-BONE, the furcula or merrythought of a fowl; WISH'ING-CAP, a cap by wearing which one obtains everything he wishes. [A.S. _wýscan_--_wúsc_, a wish; Ger. _wünschen_, Sw. _önska_.]

WISHTONWISH, wish'ton-wish, _n._ the North American prairie-dog. [Amer. Ind.]

WISH-WASH, wish'-wosh, _n._ (_coll._) anything wishy-washy.--_adj._ WISH'Y-WASH'Y, thin and weak, diluted, feeble. [Formed from _wash_.]

WISKET, wis'ket, _n._ (_prov._) a basket.

WISP, wisp, _n._ a small bundle of straw or hay: a small broom: will-o'-the-wisp: a disease affecting the feet of cattle.--_v.t._ to rub down with a wisp.--_adj._ WIS'PY, like a wisp. [M. E. _wisp_, _wips_, conn. with _wipe_; cf. Low Ger. _wiep_, Norw. _vippa_, a wisp.]

WIST, wist, _v.pa.t._ (_B._) knew. [A.S. _wiste_, _pa.t._ of _witan_, 3d pers. sing. pr.t. _wát_, to know. Cf. _Wit_.]

WISTARIA, wis-t[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants, some of the species amongst the most magnificent ornamental climbers known in English gardens, named from the American anatomist, Caspar _Wistar_ (1761-1818).

WISTFUL, wist'f[=oo]l, _adj._ hushed: full of thought: thoughtful: earnest: eager, wishful, longing.--_adv._ WIST'FULLY.--_n._ WIST'FULNESS.--_adv._ WIST'LY (_Shak._), silently, earnestly. [Most prob. for _whistful_, _whistly_--i.e. silently; and not conn. with _wish_. Skeat, however, makes it a substitution for _wishful_, confused with _wisly_=certainly--Ice. _viss_, certain (distinct from, yet allied to, _víss_, wise).]

WISTITI=_Ouistiti_ (q.v.)--WIS'TIT (_obs._).

WIT, wit, _v.i._ to know:--_pr.t._ 1st pers. sing. WOT; 2d, WOST (erroneously WOT'TEST); 3d, WOT (erroneously WOT'TETH):--_pl._ 1st, 2d, 3d, WOT; _pa.t._ WIST (erroneously WOT'TED); _pr.p._ WIT'TING, WEET'ING (erroneously WOT'TING); _pa.p._ WIST.--TO DO TO WIT, to cause to know; TO WIT, that is to say--the A.S. gerund _tó witanne_. [A.S. _witan_, to know (pr.t. ic _wát_, þu _wást_, he _wát_, pl. _witon_; pa.t. _wiste_--also _wisse_, pl. _wiston_, pa.p. _wist_); Goth. _witan_, Ger. _wissen_; cf. L. _vid[=e]re_, Gr. _idein_.]

WIT, wit, _n._ understanding: a mental faculty (chiefly in _pl._): the power of combining ideas with a ludicrous effect, the result of this power: ingenuity: (_rare_) imagination: (_obs._) information.--_adj._ WIT'LESS, wanting wit or understanding: thoughtless.--_adv._ WIT'LESSLY.--_ns._ WIT'LESSNESS; WIT'LING, one who has little wit: a pretender to wit; WIT'-MONG'ER, a poor would-be wit; WIT'-SNAP'PER (_Shak._), one who affects wit or repartee.--_adj._ WIT'TED, having wit or understanding.--_n._ WITTICISM (wit'i-sizm), a witty remark: a sentence or phrase affectedly witty.--_adv._ WIT'TILY.--_n._ WIT'TINESS.--_adv._ WIT'TINGLY, knowingly: by design.--_adj._ WIT'TY, possessed of wit: amusing: droll: sarcastic: (_B._) ingenious: (_Shak._) wise, discreet.--_v.i._ WIT'WANTON, to indulge in irreverent wit.--AT ONE'S WITS' END, utterly perplexed; LIVE BY ONE'S WITS, to live in a haphazard manner by any shift; THE FIVE WITS, the five senses. [A.S. _wit_, from the verb above.]

WIT, wit, _n._ a person of understanding or judgment, esp. a person who has a keen perception of the ludicrous and can express it neatly. [Perh. a use of the preceding word; others trace through A.S. _wita_, _gewita_, a counsellor--_witan_, to know.]

WITAN, wit'an, _n.pl._ members of the _Witenagemot_. [Pl. of A.S. _wita_, a man of knowledge. See preceding words.]

WITCH, wich, _n._ a woman regarded as having supernatural or magical power and knowledge through compact with the devil or some minor evil spirit: a hag, crone: (_coll._) a fascinating young girl: (_Shak._) a wizard.--_v.t._ to bewitch, to effect by means of witchcraft.--_ns._ WITCH'CRAFT, the craft or practice of witches: the black art, sorcery: supernatural power; WITCH'-DOC'TOR, a medicine-man; WITCH'ERY, witchcraft: fascination; WITCH'ES'-BROOM, a popular name for the broom-like tufts of branches developed on the silver-fir, birch, cherry, &c. by means of an uredineous fungus; WITCH'ES'-BUT'TER, a dark-brown fungus (see NOSTOC); WITCH'ES'-THIM'BLE, the sea-campion; WITCH'-FIND'ER, one whose business was to detect witches.--_adj._ WITCH'ING, weird: fascinating.--_adv._ WITCH'INGLY.--_ns._ WITCH'-KNOT, a knot, esp. in the hair, tied by means of witchcraft; WITCH'-MEAL, the inflammable pollen of the club-moss.--_adj._ WITCH'-RIDD'EN, ridden by witches.--_n._ WITCH'-WIFE, a woman who practises witchcraft. [M. E. _wicche_ (both masc. and fem.)--A.S. _wicca_ (masc.), wicce (fem.), wizard, witch; prob. reduced from _wítega_, _wítiga_, _witga_, a seer (Old High Ger. _w[=i]zago_)--a supposed adj. _wítig_, seeing--_wítan_, to see, allied to _witan_, to know. For the change, cf. _Orchard_--A.S. _ortgeard_. Cf. _Wit_ and _Wicked_.]

WITCH, WITCH-ELM, wich, wich'-elm, _n._ the common wild elm--also WITCH'-H[=A]'ZEL.--_n._ WITCH'EN, the mountain-ash or rowan. [A.S. _wice_, the service-tree--_wícan_, to bend.]

WIT-CRACKER, wit'-krak'[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a joker, jester.

WITE, w[=i]t, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to blame, to reproach.--_n._ (_Spens._) blame, reproach.--_adj._ WITE'LESS (_Spens._), blameless. [A.S. _wítan_, to punish, fine (Ice. _víta_); ult. conn. with _witan_, to know.]

WITENAGEMOT, wit'e-na-ge-m[=o]t', _n._ the supreme council of England in Anglo-Saxon times, composed of the bishops, the ealdormen of shires, and a number of the king's friends and dependents, the king's thanes. It was thus purely a council of royal officers and territorial magnates, not at all resembling the representative House of Commons. [A.S. _witena gemót_--_wita_, a wise man, _gemót_, a meeting.]

WITH, _n._ Same as WITHE.

WITH, wi_th_, _prep._ denoting nearness, agreement, or connection: by: in competition or contrast: on the side of: immediately after: among: possessing: in respect of, in the regard of: like: by, by means of, through: showing, using: from.--_adv._ WITHAL', with all or the rest: likewise: moreover.--_prep._ an emphatic form of with.--WITH THAT, thereupon. [A.S. _wið_; Ice. _við_, Ger. _wider_. It absorbed the A.S. _mid_, with (Ger. _mit_).]

WITHDRAW, with-draw', _v.t._ to draw back or away: to take back: to recall.--_v.i._ to retire: to go away.--_ns._ WITHDRAW'AL, WITHDRAW'MENT; WITHDRAW'ER; WITHDRAW'ING-ROOM, a room used to retire into: a drawing-room. [Pfx. _with-_, against, and _draw_.]

WITHE, with, or w[=i]_th_, WITHY, with'y, _n._ a flexible twig, esp. of willow: a band of twisted twigs: an elastic handle to a tool to save the hand from the shock of blows: a boom-iron.--_adj._ WITHY (with'i or w[=i]'_th_i), made of withes: like withes, flexible. [A.S. _withthe_, a form of _withig_, a withy; Ice. _vidhir_, Ger. _weide_, willow.]

WITHER, with'[.e]r, _v.i._ to fade or become dry: to lose freshness: to shrink: waste.--_v.t._ to cause to dry up: to cause to decay, perish, waste.--_adj._ WITH'ERED, dried up.--_n._ WITH'EREDNESS.--_adj._ WITH'ERING, blasting, blighting, scorching.--_n._ WITH'ERING-FLOOR, the drying-floor of a malt-house.--_adv._ WITH'ERINGLY. [A.S. _wedrian_, to expose to weather.]

WITHERS, wi_th_'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ the ridge between the shoulder-bones of a horse and behind the root of the neck.--_adj._ WITH'ER-WRUNG, injured in the withers. [A.S. _wither_, against, an extension of _with_, against.]

WITHERSHINS, WIDDERSHINS, with'-, wid'[.e]r-shinz, _adv._ (_Scot._) in the contrary direction--to the left, contrary to the course of the sun, in the wrong way.--Also WIDD'ERSINS, WIDD'ERSINNIS. Cf. the Gaelic _deiseil_, to the right, going round in the way of the sun. [_Widder-_ is the Ice. _vithra_, against (A.S. _wither_, Ger. _wieder_, Dut. _weder_); _Sins_ is the adverbial genitive, from Ice. _sinni_, walk, movement, originally journey, cog. with A.S. _síth_, Goth. _sinths_, journey, Old High Ger. _sind_.]

WITHHOLD, with-h[=o]ld', _v.t._ to hold back: to keep back.--_v.i._ to stay back:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ WITHHELD' (_arch. pa.p._ WITHHOL'DEN).--_ns._ WITHHOL'DER; WITHHOLD'MENT. [Pfx. _with-_, against, and _hold_.]

WITHIN, with-in', _prep._ in the inner part: inside: in the reach of: not going outside of.--_adv._ in the inner part: inwardly: at home.--WITHIN CALL, HAIL, not too far to hear a call, hail. [A.S. _wiðinnan_--_wið_, against, with, _innan_, in.]

WITHOUT, with-owt', _prep._ outside or out of: beyond: not with: in absence of: not having: except: all but.--_adv._ on the outside: out of doors.--_conj._ except.--_adj._ WITHOUT'-DOOR (_Shak._), being out of doors.--_prep._ WITHOUT'EN (_Spens._), without.--WITHOUT BOOK, on no authority; WITHOUT DISTINCTION, indiscriminately.--FROM WITHOUT, from the outside. [A.S. _wiðútan_--_wið_, against, _útan_, outside.]

WITHSTAND, with-stand', _v.t._ to stand against: to oppose or resist:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ WITHSTOOD'.--_n._ WITHSTAND'ER.

WITHWIND, with'w[=i]nd, _n._ the bindweed.

WITLOOF, wit'l[=o]f, _n._ a kind of chicory with large roots. [Dut.]

WITNESS, wit'nes, _n._ knowledge brought in proof: testimony of a fact: that which furnishes proof: one who sees or has personal knowledge of a thing: one who attests.--_v.t._ to have direct knowledge of: to see: to give testimony to: to show: (_Shak._) to foretell.--_v.i._ to give evidence.--_ns._ WIT'NESS-BOX, the enclosure in which a witness stands when giving evidence in a court of law; WIT'NESSER.--WITH A WITNESS (_Shak._), to a great degree. [A.S. _witnes_, testimony--_witan_, to know.]

WITTOL, wit'ol, _n._ one who knows his wife's faithlessness, and submits to it.--_adj._ WITT'OLLY (_Shak._), like a wittol or contented cuckold. [Formerly also _wittal_, _wittold_, a particular use of _witwal_, the popinjay; cf. the similar allusions to the _cuckoo_, from which grew the word _cuckold_.]

WITWAL, wit'wawl, _n._ the popinjay, or green woodpecker, the greater spotted woodpecker. [Var. of _woodwale_, a woodpecker.]

WIVE, w[=i]v, _v.t._ to take for a wife: to provide with a wife.--_v.i._ to marry.--_n._ WIVE'HOOD (_Spens._), wifehood. [A.S. _wífian_--_wíf_, wife.]

WIVERN, w[=i]'vern, _n._ Same as WYVERN.

WIVES, w[=i]vz, _pl._ of _wife_.

WIZARD, wiz'ard, _n._ one who practises witchcraft or magic: (_obs._) a wise man.--_adj._ with magical powers.--_adv._ WIZ'ARDLY, like a wizard.--_n._ WIZ'ARDRY, sorcery. [O. Fr. _guiscart_--Ice. _vizkr_ (for _vitskr_), from _vita_, to know.]

WIZEN, wiz'n, WIZENED, wiz'nd, _adj._ dried up: thin: shrivelled.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to become dry, to make dry.--_adj._ WIZ'EN-FACED, having a thin, shrivelled face. [A.S. _wisnian_, to wither; cog. with Ice. _visinn_, wizened, _visna_, to wither.]

WIZIER=_Vizir_.

WO. Same as WOE.

WOAD, w[=o]d, _n._ a genus of cruciferous plants, whose few species are mostly natives of the countries around the Mediterranean--DYER'S WOAD yields a good and very permanent dye, but is now largely superseded by indigo.--_adj._ WOAD'ED, dyed blue with woad. [A.S. _wád_; Ger. _waid_; L. _vitrum_.]

WOBBLE, WOBBLER, WOBBLING. See WABBLE.

WODEN, w[=o]'den, _n._ the Anglo-Saxon form of the Norse Odin.--_n._ W[=O]'DENISM, the worship of Woden.

WOE, WO, w[=o], _n._ grief: misery: a heavy calamity: a curse: an exclamation of grief.--_adj._ sad, wretched.--_adjs._ WOE'BEGONE, W[=O]'BEGONE, beset with woe (see BEGONE); WOE'FUL, W[=O]'FUL, WOE'SOME (_Scot._ WAE'SOME), sorrowful: bringing calamity: wretched.--_advs._ WOE'FULLY, W[=O]'FULLY.--_ns._ WOE'FULNESS, W[=O]'FULNESS.--_adjs._ WOE'-WEA'RIED, -WORN, wearied, worn, with woe.--WOE WORTH THE DAY (see WORTH).--IN WEAL AND WOE, in prosperity and adversity. [A.S. (interj.) _wá_; Ger. _weh_; L. _væ_, Gr. _ouai_. Cf. _Wail_.]

WOIWODE. See VOIVODE.

WOLD, w[=o]ld, _n._ an open tract of country. [A.S. _weald_, _wald_, a wood, perh. ultimately conn. with _wealdan_, to possess, wield.]

WOLF, woolf, _n._ the common name of certain species of the genus _Canis_--including the ravenous Common Wolf, the Abyssinian Wolf, the Antarctic Wolf, the Maned Wolf, and the Prairie Wolf or Coyote: anything very ravenous: a greedy and cunning person: (_obs._) a tuberculous excrescence: (_mus._) a harsh discord heard in the organ, &c.:--_pl._ WOLVES.--_v.i._ to hunt for wolves.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to devour ravenously.--_ns._ WOLF'-DOG, a dog of large breed kept to guard sheep, esp. against wolves; WOL'FER, one who hunts wolves; WOLF'-FISH, a fierce and voracious salt-water fish--called also _Sea-wolf_ and _Cat-fish_; WOLF'-HOUND (see BORZOI); WOL'FING, the hunting of wolves for their skins.--_adjs._ WOL'FISH, WOL'VISH, like a wolf either in form or quality: rapacious.--_adv._ WOL'FISHLY.--_ns._ WOLF'KIN, WOLF'LING, a young wolf; WOLF'S'-BANE, aconite; WOLF'S'-FOOT, -CLAW, the club-moss _Lycopodium_; WOLF'-SKIN, the skin or pelt of a wolf; WOLF'S'-PEACH, the tomato; WOLF'-SP[=I]'DER, the tarantula; WOLF'-TOOTH, a small supernumerary premolar in a horse.--CRY WOLF, to give a false alarm--from the story of the boy who cried 'Wolf' when there was none, and was not believed when there was one; HAVE A WOLF BY THE EARS, to be in a very difficult situation; HAVE A WOLF IN THE STOMACH, to be ravenously hungry; KEEP THE WOLF FROM THE DOOR, to keep out hunger; SEE A WOLF, to lose one's voice, in allusion to an old superstition. [A.S. _wulf_; Ger. _wolf_; L. _lupus_; Gr. _lykos_.]

WOLFFIAN, w[=oo]l'fi-an, _adj._ pertaining to, or associated with, the name of the German embryologist K. F. _Wolff_ (1733-94)--applied to the primordial renal organs in the embryo of the higher vertebrates, performing the function of kidneys till superseded by the true or permanent kidneys.

WOLFIAN, w[=oo]l'fi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophy of Johann Christian von _Wolf_ (1679-1754). He systematised and popularised the philosophy of Leibnitz, and gave a strong impulse to that development of natural theology and rationalism which soon almost drove out revelation by rendering it unnecessary--also WOLFF'IAN.--_n._ WOLF'IANISM.

WOLFIAN, w[=oo]l'fi-an, _adj._ pertaining to, or associated with, the name of Friedrich August _Wolf_ (1759-1824), the most gifted classical scholar and first critic of his age--applied esp. to his theory that the _Odyssey_ and _Iliad_ are composed of numerous ballads by different minstrels, strung together in a kind of unity by subsequent editors.

WOLFRAM, wol'fram, _n._ a native compound of tungstate of iron and manganese. [Ger.]

WOLVERENE, WOLVERINE, wool-ve-r[=e]n', _n._ a name given to the American glutton or carcajou, from its rapacity. [Extension of _wolf_.]

WOMAN, woom'an, _n._ the female of man, an adult female of the human race: the female sex, women collectively: a female attendant:--_pl._ WOMEN (wim'en).--_v.t._ to cause to act like a woman, to unite to a woman (both Shak.): to call a person 'woman' abusively.--_n._ WOM'AN-BOD'Y (_Scot._), a woman, used disparagingly.--_adjs._ WOM'AN-BORN, born of woman; WOM'AN-BUILT, built by women.--_adv._ WOM'ANFULLY, like a woman.--_adj._ WOM'AN-GROWN, grown to womanhood.--_ns._ WOM'AN-H[=A]T'ER, a misogynist; WOM'ANHOOD, the state, character, or qualities of a woman.--_adj._ WOM'ANISH, having the qualities of a woman: feminine.--_adv._ WOM'ANISHLY.--_ns._ WOM'ANISHNESS; WOM'ANKIND, WOM'ENKIND, women taken together: the female sex.--_adj._ WOM'AN-LIKE, like a woman.--_n._ WOM'ANLINESS.--_adj._ WOM'ANLY, like or becoming a woman: feminine.--_adv._ in the manner of a woman.--_ns._ WOM'AN-POST (_Shak._), a female messenger; WOM'AN-QUELL'ER, a killer of women; WOM'AN-SUFF'RAGE, the exercise of the electoral franchise by women.--_adjs._ WOM'AN-TIRED (_Shak._), hen-pecked; WOM'AN-VEST'ED, wearing women's clothes.--WOMAN OF THE TOWN, a whore; WOMAN OF THE WORLD, a woman of fashion.--WOMEN'S RIGHTS, the movement of women towards personal and proprietary independence.--PLAY THE WOMAN, to give way to weakness. [A.S. _wimman_, _wífman_, a compound of _wíf_, a woman, _man_, man.]

WOMB, w[=oo]m, _n._ the uterus, the organ in which the young of mammals are developed and kept till birth: (_Shak._) the stomach: the place where anything is produced: any deep cavity.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to contain.--_adj._ WOMB'Y (_Shak._), capacious. [A.S. _wamb_; Ger. _wamme_, paunch.]

WOMBAT, wom'bat, _n._ an Australian marsupial mammal of the opossum family. [Native name.]

WON, wun, _v.i._ to dwell: to abide: to be accustomed.--_n._ a dwelling: an abode.--_n._ WON'ING, dwelling. [A.S. _wunian_, Dut. _wonen_, Ger. _wohnen_, to dwell.]

WON, wun, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _win_.

WONDER, wun'd[.e]r, _n._ the state of mind produced by something new, unexpected, or extraordinary: a strange thing: a prodigy: a sweet fried cake--also _Cruller_.--_v.i._ to feel wonder: to be amazed (with at): to speculate expectantly.--_p.adj._ WON'DERED (_Shak._), having performed, or able to perform, wonders.--_n._ WON'DERER.--_adj._ WON'DERFUL, full of wonder: exciting wonder: strange: (_B._) wonderfully.--_adv._ WON'DERFULLY.--_ns._ WON'DERFULNESS; WON'DERING.--_adv._ WON'DERINGLY, with wonder.--_ns._ WON'DERLAND, a land of wonders; WON'DERMENT, surprise.--_adjs._ WON'DEROUS (same as WONDROUS); WON'DER-STRUCK, -STRICK'EN, struck with wonder or astonishment.--_ns._ WON'DER-WORK, a prodigy, miracle: thaumaturgy; WON'DER-WORK'ER; WON'DER-WORK'ING.--_adjs._ WON'DER-WOUND'ED (_Shak._), wonder-stricken; WON'DROUS, such as may excite wonder: strange.--_adv._ WON'DROUSLY.--_ns._ WON'DROUSNESS.--BIRD OF WONDER, the phoenix; NINE DAYS' WONDER, something that astonishes everybody for the moment; SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD (see SEVEN). [A.S. _wundor_; Ger. _wunder_, Ice. _undr_.]

WONGA-WONGA, wong'ga-wong'ga, _n._ the large Australian white-faced pigeon--a table delicacy.

WONT, wunt, _adj._ used or accustomed.--_n._ habit.--_v.i._ to be accustomed.--_adj._ WON'TED, accustomed: usual.--_n._ WON'TEDNESS.--_adj._ WONT'LESS (_Spens._), unaccustomed. [Orig. pa.p. of _won_, to dwell--A.S. _wunian_; Ger. _wohnen_.]

WON'T, w[=o]nt, will not. [Contr. of M. E. _wol not_.]

WOO, w[=oo], _v.t._ to ask in order to marriage: to court: to solicit eagerly, to seek.--_v.i._ to court or make love: to ask.--_ns._ WOO'ER; WOO'ING. [A.S. _wógian_, to woo--_wóg_, _wóh_, bent.]

WOOD, wood, _n._ the solid part of trees: trees cut or sawed: timber: a collection of growing trees: the cask or barrel, as distinguished from the bottle: (_print._) a woodblock.--_v.t._ to supply with wood.--_ns._ WOOD'-AC'ID, wood-vinegar, impure acetic acid from wood-distillation; WOOD'-ANEM'ONE, the wind-flower, a little woodland plant, blooming in early spring, with a single white flower purplish outside; WOOD'-ANT, a large forest-dwelling ant: a white ant infesting the wood of old buildings.--_n.pl._ WOOD'-ASH'ES, ashes obtained by burning wood or plants--the source of many potassium salts.--_ns._ WOOD'BINE, WOOD'BIND, the honeysuckle, applied also to other climbers, such as some kinds of ivy, the Virginia-creeper, &c.; WOOD'-BIRD, a bird that lives in the woods; WOOD'BLOCK, a die cut in relief on wood and ready to furnish ink impressions: a woodcut.--_adjs._ WOOD'-B[=O]'RING; WOOD'-BORN, born in the woods.--_ns._ WOOD'-CAR'VING, the process of carving in wood; WOOD'CHAT, a bird which, notwithstanding its name, is not a species of Chat, but of Shrike; WOOD'CHUCK, the green woodpecker; WOOD'-COAL, coal like wood in texture: charcoal: lignite or brown coal; WOOD'COCK, a genus of birds allied to the snipes, but of a more bulky body, and with shorter and stronger legs; WOOD'COCK'S-HEAD, a tobacco-pipe; WOOD'CRAFT, skill in the chase or anything pertaining to forests, forestry generally; WOOD'CUT, an engraving cut on wood: an impression from it; WOOD'-CUT'TER, one who cuts wood: a wood-engraver; WOOD'-CUT'TING, the act or employment of cutting wood: wood-engraving.--_adjs._ WOOD'ED, supplied with wood: covered with wood; WOOD'EN, made of wood: hard: dull, insensible: heavy, stupid: clumsy, without grace or spirit--of literary style, &c.--_ns._ WOOD'-ENGR[=A]'VER; WOOD'-ENGR[=A]VING, the art of engraving designs on wood, differing from copper and steel plate engraving by having the parts intended to print on the paper in relief: an engraving on or taken from wood; WOOD'EN-HEAD, a blockhead, stupid person.--_adj._ WOOD'EN-HEAD'ED, stupid.--_n._ WOOD'EN-HEAD'EDNESS.--_adv._ WOOD'ENLY.--_ns._ WOODENNESS, wooden quality: want of spirit or expression, clumsiness; WOOD'-[=E]'VIL, red-water: severe constipation in cattle, often occurring after eating freely of hedge-cuttings or shoots of trees; WOOD'-F[=I]'BRE, fibre derived from wood; WOOD'-FRET'TER, a wood-borer or wood-eater; WOOD'-GOD, a deity of the woods; WOOD'-GROUSE, the capercailzie; WOOD'-HOLE, a place where wood is stored; WOOD'-HON'EY, wild honey; WOOD'-HORSE, a saw-horse; WOOD'-HOUSE, a house or shed in which wood for fuel is deposited; WOOD'-[=I]'BIS (see TANTALUS); WOOD'INESS, the state or quality of being woody; WOOD'LAND, land covered with wood; WOOD'LANDER, an inhabitant of the woods; WOOD'LARK, a species of lark, found in or near woods, singing chiefly on the wing; WOOD'-LAY'ER, a young oak, &c., laid down in a hedge.--_adj._ WOOD'LESS, without wood.--_ns._ WOOD'LESSNESS; WOOD'-LOUSE, any terrestrial isopod of the family _Oniscidæ_--the Scotch _slater_, common under stones, &c.: a termite or white ant: any one of the pseudo-neuropterous family _Psocidæ_, found in the woodwork of houses; WOOD'MAN, a man who cuts down trees: a forest officer: a huntsman; WOOD'-MITE, a beetle-mite; WOOD'-NAPH'THA, the mixture of light hydrocarbons distilled from wood (see PYROXYLIC); WOOD'-NIGHT'SHADE, bitter-sweet, or woody nightshade; WOOD'-NOTE (_Milt._), a wild musical note, like that of a song-bird; WOOD'-NYMPH, a nymph or goddess of the woods; WOOD'-OFF'ERING (_B._), wood burned on the altar; WOOD'-[=O]'PAL, silicified wood; WOOD'-OWL, the European brown owl; WOOD'-P[=A]'PER, paper prepared from wood; WOOD'PECKER, one of a family (_Picidæ_) of birds in the order _Picariæ_, remarkable for the structural modification of the skull in adaptation to its use as an axe, and for the long flexible tongue, which is used for extracting insects from holes and crevices of trees; WOOD'-PIG'EON, the cushat or ringdove; WOOD'-PULP, wood-fibre reduced to a pulp, used in making paper; WOOD'-REEVE, the overseer of a wood; WOOD'RUFF, a genus of rubiaceous plants with whorled leaves and a funnel-shaped corolla--_Sweet Woodruff_ has a creeping root-stock sending up erect stems, and small white flowers; when dried it has a very agreeable fragrance like vernal-grass--(_obs._) WOOD'-ROOF; WOOD'-SAGE, the wood germander; WOOD'-SAND'PIPER, a common European tattler, allied to the redshank; WOOD'-SCREW, a screw for fastening pieces of wood or wood and metal; WOOD'SHED, a shed for storing firewood; WOOD'-SHOOK, the pekan, fisher, or Pennant's marten--also _Black-cat_ and _Black-fox_; WOOD'-SKIN, a Guiana Indian's canoe, made of the bark of the purple heart-tree; WOODS'MAN, a woodman; WOOD'-SOOT, soot from burnt wood; WOOD'-SORR'EL, a plant of the genus Oxalis; WOOD'-SPIR'IT (same as PYROXYLIC SPIRIT); WOOD'-SPITE, the green woodpecker or yaffle; WOOD'-STAMP, a stamp made of wood, as for stamping fabrics in colours; WOOD'-STONE, petrified wood; WOOD'-SWALL'OW, an Australian name for any of the fly-catching _Artamidæ_, also called _Swallow-shrike_--the resemblance to shrikes being considerably closer than to swallows either in appearance or habits.--_adj._ WOOD'SY, pertaining to, or characteristic of, woods.--_ns._ WOOD'-TAR, tar obtained from the dry distillation of wood; WOOD'THRUSH, a singing-thrush common in the woods of the eastern United States, reddish-brown above, olive on the rump, white spotted with black on breast; WOOD'-TICK, any tick of the family _Ixonidæ_: a small insect which makes a ticking sound in the woodwork of a house, the death-watch; WOOD'-TIN, a nodular variety of cassiterite, or tin-stone; WOOD'-VIN'EGAR (see WOOD-ACID); WOOD'WALE, a woodpecker, esp. the green woodpecker, _Yaffle_ or _Rainbird_; WOOD'-WARB'LER, the yellow willow-warbler or woodwren: an American warbler, esp. of the beautiful genus _Dendroeca_; WOOD'WARD, an officer to guard the woods; WOOD'WORK, a part of any structure made of wood; WOOD'WORM, a worm or larva infesting wood; WOOD'WREN, the willow-warbler or willow-wren (_Phylloscopus trochilus_): the true wood-warbler or yellow willow-wren (_Phylloscopus sibilatrix_)--neither being properly wrens.--_adj._ WOOD'Y, abounding with woods: pertaining to woods: consisting of wood.--_n._ WOOD'Y-NIGHT'SHADE (see WOOD-NIGHTSHADE).--WOODEN HORSE, or _Timber-mare_ (see HORSE); WOODEN LEG, an artificial leg made of wood; WOODEN SPOON, a spoon of wood presented to the person who stands lowest for the year in the mathematical tripos list at Cambridge; WOODEN TYPE, large type cut in wood.--COMMISSIONERS OF WOODS AND FORESTS, a department of government having charge of the Crown woods and forests. [A.S. _wudu_; cog. with Ice. _vidhr_, wood; akin to Ir. _fiodh_, timber.]

WOOD, wood, _adj._ (_Shak._) mad, furious.--_n._ WOOD'NESS. [A.S. _wód_; Ice. _ódhr_, Goth. _wods_, frantic, Ger. _wuth_, madness.]

WOODBURYTYPE, wood'ber-i-t[=i]p, _n._ a method of photograph printing in which a sensitised gelatine film, developed under a negative to an extra relief, is impressed on soft metal by hydraulic pressure. This in turn can be printed by special ink in a press, and as it gives all the gradations of tint, it may be said to be a perfect photo-mechanical printing process. [Named from the inventor.]

WOODCHUCK, wood'chuk, _n._ the marmot. [Corr. from an Amer. Ind. name.]

WOODIE, wood'i, _n._ (_Scot._) the gallows. [A form of _widdy_, _withy_,]

WOOF, woof, _n._ same as _Weft_ (q.v.).--_adj._ WOOF'Y, dense. [A.S. _ówef_, _áweb_--_áwefan_, to weave--_á-_, prefix, _wefan_, to weave.]

WOOINGLY, w[=oo]'ing-li, _adv._ in a wooing or persuasive manner. [_Woo_.]

WOOL, wool, _n._ the soft, curly hair of sheep and other animals: short, thick hair: any light, fleecy substance resembling wool.--_n._ WOOL'BALL, a ball of wool, such as is sometimes found in a sheep's stomach.--_adj._ WOOL'-BEAR'ING, bearing or yielding wool.--_ns._ WOOL'-CARD'ING, the process of separating the fibres of wool preparatory to spinning; WOOL'-COMB'ER, one whose occupation is to comb wool in order to disentangle and straighten out the fibres; WOOL'-COMB'ING; WOOL'-DR[=I]'VER, one who buys up wool for a market.--_adj._ WOOL'-DYED, dyed before spinning or weaving.--_ns._ WOOL'FAT, lanolin; WOOL'FELL, the skin with the wool still on it; WOOL'-GATH'ERING, indulgence of idle fancies.--_adj._ dreamy: listless.--_n._ WOOL'-GROW'ER, one who raises sheep for the production of wool.--_adj._ WOOL'LEN, made of, or pertaining to, wool: clad in wool, rustic.--_n._ cloth made of wool.--_ns._ WOOL'LEN-CORD, a ribbed stuff, the face all of wool; WOOL'LEN-DR[=A]'PER, one who deals in woollen goods; WOOL'LINESS.--_adjs._ WOOL'LY, consisting of, or like, wool: clothed with wool; WOOL'LY-HAIRED, -HEAD'ED, having the hair like wool.--_ns._ WOOL'LY-PAS'TINUM, a kind of red orpiment; WOOL'MAN, a dealer in wool; WOOL'-MILL, a building for the spinning of wool and the weaving of woollen cloth; WOOL'PACK, the package in which wool was formerly done up for sale: a bundle weighing 240 lb.: cirro-cumulus cloud; WOOL'-PACK'ER; WOOL'-PICK'ER, a machine for cleaning wool; WOOL'SACK, the seat of the Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords, being a large square sack of wool covered with scarlet; WOOL'SEY, a material made of cotton and wool.--_n.pl._ WOOL'-SHEARS, shears used in shearing sheep.--_ns._ WOOL'-SORT'ER, one who sorts wool according to quality, &c.; WOOL'-ST[=A]'PLE, the fibre or pile of wool; WOOL'-ST[=A]'PLER, a wool-factor: a wool-sorter.--_adv._ WOOL'WARD (_Shak._), in wool, as a penance.--_ns._ WOOL'-WIND'ER, one who bundles wool for packing; WOOL'WORK, needlework imitative of tapestry.--WOOL-SORTERS' DISEASE (see ANTHRAX).--ANGORA WOOL, the wool of the Angora goat; BERLIN-WOOL, a kind of fine-dyed wool used for worsted work. [A.S. _wull_; Goth. _wulla_, Ger. _wolle_, L. _villus_.]

WOOLD, w[=oo]ld, _v.t._ to wind about.--_adj._ WOOL'DED.--_ns._ WOOL'DER, a stick used in woolding a mast or yard, or a pin in a rope-maker's top; WOOL'DING.

WOOM, w[=oo]m, _n._ beaver fur.

WOOMERA, w[=oo]m'[.e]r-a, _n._ a stick for spear-throwing (Austral.).

WOON, w[=oo]n, _n._ a governor of a province. [Burmese.]

WOON, w[=oo]n, _v.i._ (_Spens._). Same as WON (1).

WOORALI, woo'ra-li, _n._ a S. American poison for arrows.--Also WOO'RARA, WOU'RALI, same as _Curari_ (q.v.).

WOOTZ, woots, _n._ steel made by fusing iron with carbonaceous matter. [Perh. the Canarese _ukku_, steel.]

WOP, wop, _v.t._ See WHOP.

WORD, wurd, _n._ an oral or written sign expressing an idea or notion: talk, discourse: signal or sign: message: promise: declaration: a pass-word, a watch-word, a war-cry: the Holy Scripture, or a part of it: (_pl._) verbal contention.--_v.t._ to express in words: (_Shak._) to flatter.--_v.i._ to speak, talk.--_ns._ WORD'-BLIND'NESS, loss of ability to read; WORD'-BOOK, a book with a collection of words: a vocabulary.--_adj._ WORD'-BOUND, unable to find expression in words.--_n._ WORD'-BUILD'ING, the formation or composition of words.--_adj._ WOR'DED, expressed in words.--_adv._ WOR'DILY.--_ns._ WOR'DINESS; WOR'DING, act, manner, or style of expressing in words.--_adj._ WOR'DISH (_obs._), verbose.--_n._ WOR'DISHNESS.--_adj._ WORD'LESS (_Shak._), without words, silent.--_ns._ WORD'-MEM'ORY, the power of recalling words to the mind; WORD'-PAINT'ER, one who describes vividly; WORD'-PAINT'ING, the act of describing anything clearly and fully by words only; WORD'-PIC'TURE, a description in words which presents an object to the mind as if in a picture.--_adj._ WOR'DY, full of words: using or containing many words.--WORD FOR WORD, literally, verbatim.--BREAK ONE'S WORD, to fail to fulfil a promise; BY WORD OF MOUTH, orally; GOOD WORD, favourable mention, praise; HARD WORDS, angry, hot words; HAVE A WORD WITH, to have some conversation with; HAVE WORDS WITH, to quarrel, dispute with; IN A WORD, IN ONE WORD, in short, to sum up; IN WORD, in speech only, in profession only; PASS ONE'S WORD, to make a promise; THE WORD, the Scripture: (_theol._) the second person in the Trinity, the Logos. [A.S. _word_; Goth. _waurd_, Ice. _orth_, Ger. _wort_; also conn. with L. _verbum_, a word, Gr. _eirein_, to speak.]

WORDSWORTHIAN, wurds-wur'thi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the style of the sovereign poet of nature, William _Wordsworth_ (1770-1850).--_n._ an admirer of WORDSWORTH.

WORE, w[=o]r, _pa.t._ of _wear_.

WORK, wurk, _n._ effort directed to an end: employment: the result of work: that on which one works: anything made or done: embroidery: deed: effect: a literary composition: a book: management: an establishment for any manufacture, a factory (gener. in _pl._): (_physics_) the product of a force by the component displacement of its point and application in the direction of the force: (_pl._), (_fort._) walls, trenches, &c.: (_theol._) acts performed in obedience to the Divine law: a manufactory, workshop, place of work (esp. in _pl._): mechanism--e.g. of a watch.--_v.i._ to make efforts to attain anything: to perform: to be in action: to be occupied in business or labour: to produce effects, to make progress with difficulty, to strain or labour: to ferment: to be agitated, to seethe: to embroider.--_v.t._ to make by labour: to bring into any state by action: to effect: to carry on operations in: to put in motion: to purge: to influence: to manage: to solve: to achieve: to cause to ferment: to provoke, agitate: to keep employed: to embroider:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ worked or wrought (rawt).--_ns._ WORKABIL'ITY, WORK'ABLENESS.--_adjs._ WORK'ABLE, that may be worked; WORK'ADAY, work-day, toiling, plodding.--_ns._ WORK'-BAG, -BAS'KET, a bag, basket, for holding materials for work, esp. needlework; WORK'-BOX, a lady's box for holding materials for work; WORK'-DAY, a day for work: a week-day.--_adj._ pertaining to a work-day.--_ns._ WORK'ER, a toiler, performer: among insects, the neuter or undeveloped female; WORK'-FELL'OW, one who is engaged in the same work with another.--_ns.pl._ WORK'FOLK, WORK'FOLKS, persons engaged in manual labour.--_adj._ WORK'FUL, industrious.--_ns._ WORK'GIRL, a girl or young woman employed in some manual labour; WORK'HOUSE, a house where any work or manufacture is carried on: a house of shelter for the poor, who are made to work; WORK'ING, action, operation: fermentation: (_pl._) the parts of a mine, &c., where actual operations are in hand.--_adj._ active: labouring: connected with labour.--_ns._ WORK'ING-BEAM, the oscillating lever of a steam-engine connecting the piston-rod and the crank-shaft, a walking-beam; WORK'ING-CLASS, manual labourers (often in _pl._); WOR'KING-DAY, a day on which work is done, as distinguished from the Sabbath and holidays: the period of actual work each day.--_adj._ laborious: plodding.--_ns._ WORK'ING-DRAW'ING, a drawing of the details of a building by which the builders are guided in their work; WORK'ING-HOUSE (_Shak._), workshop; WORK'ING-PAR'TY, a group of persons who do some work in common, or who meet periodically for such a purpose; WORK'MAN, WORK'ING-MAN, a man who works or labours, esp. manually: a skilful artificer.--_adjs._ WORK'MAN-LIKE, like a workman: becoming a skilful workman: well performed; WORK'MANLY, becoming a skilful workman.--_adv._ in a manner becoming a skilful workman.--_ns._ WORK'MANSHIP, the skill of a workman: manner of making: work done; WORK'-MAS'TER, a skilled or directing workman, esp. in some great undertaking.--_n.pl._ WORK'-PEO'PLE, people engaged in labour.--_ns._ WORK'ROOM, a room for working in; WORK'SHOP, a shop where work is done.--_adj._ WORK'SOME, industrious.--_ns._ WORK'-T[=A]'BLE, a small table used by ladies at their needlework; WORK'-WOMAN, a woman who makes her living by some manual labour.--WORK OF ART, a production in one of the fine arts; WORK DOUBLE TIDES, to work through continuous tides, night and day; WORK IN, to intermix, to make to penetrate; WORK INTO, to make way gradually into: to change, alter; WORK OFF, to separate and throw off, to get rid of, circulate: to produce as by work, esp. to print; WORK ON, or UPON, to act or operate upon, to influence; WORK ONE'S PASSAGE, to give one's work on board in place of passage-money; WORK OUT, to effect by continued labour: to expiate: to exhaust: to solve or study anything fully out; WORK UP, to excite, rouse: to create by slow degrees, to expand, elaborate: to use up, as material: (_naut._) to set at an irksome or needless task; WORK WITH, to strive to influence by appeals, &c.--BOARD OF WORKS, the body which has the management and control of public works and buildings, of which the expenses are defrayed from the crown revenues or parliamentary grants; HAVE ONE'S WORK CUT OUT, to have one's work prescribed: to have a difficult task before one; MAKE SHORT WORK OF (see SHORT); OUT OF WORK, out of working order: without employment; SET TO WORK, to employ in some work: to engage in some work; SEVEN WORKS OF CORPORAL MERCY, to feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, to clothe the naked, visit prisoners, visit the sick, harbour strangers, bury the dead--OF SPIRITUAL MERCY, to convert sinners, instruct the ignorant, counsel the doubtful, console the afflicted, bear wrongs patiently, forgive injuries, pray for the living and the dead. [A.S. _weorc_; Ice. _verk_, Ger. _werk_; further conn. with Gr. _ergon_.]

WORLD, wurld, _n._ the earth and its inhabitants: the system of things: present state of existence: any planet or heavenly body: public life or society: an organic whole: business: the public: a secular life: course of life: a very large extent of country, as the 'New World:' very much or a great deal, as 'a world of good:' time, as in the phrase 'world without end'=eternally: possibility, as in 'nothing in the world:' (_B._) the ungodly.--_adjs._ WORL'DED, containing worlds; WORLD'-HAR'DENED, hardened by the love of worldly things.--_ns._ WORLD'-LANG'UAGE, a universal language; WORLD'LINESS; WORLD'LING, one who is devoted to worldly or temporal possessions.--_adjs._ WORLD'LY, pertaining to the world, esp. as distinguished from the world to come: devoted to this life and its enjoyments: bent on gain--also _adv._; WORLD'LY-MIND'ED, having the mind set on the present world.--_n._ WORLD'LY-MIND'EDNESS.--_adjs._ WORLD'LY-WISE, wise in this world's affairs; WORLD'-OLD, exceedingly ancient; WORLD'-WEA'RIED, -WEA'RY, tired of the world; WORLD'WIDE, wide or extensive as the world.--ALL THE WORLD, everybody: everything; ALL THE WORLD AND HIS WIFE (_coll._), everybody: also, an ill-assorted mass; A WORLD, a great deal; CARRY THE WORLD BEFORE ONE, to pass to success through every obstacle; FOR ALL THE WORLD, precisely, entirely; GO TO THE WORLD (_Shak._), to get married; IN THE WORLD, an intensive phrase, usually following an interrogative pronoun or adverb.--THE NEW WORLD, the western hemisphere, the Americas; THE OLD WORLD, the eastern hemisphere, comprising Europe, Africa, and Asia; THE OTHER WORLD, the non-material sphere, the spiritual world; THE WHOLE WORLD, the sum of what is contained in the world; THE WORLD'S END, the most distant point possible. [A.S. _woruld_, _world_, _weorold_, (lit.) 'a generation of men,' from _wer_, a man, and _yldo_, sig. an age; Ice. _veröld_, Old High Ger. _weralt_ (Ger. _welt_).]

WORM, wurm, _n._ a term destitute of scientific precision, but often applied to any one of the members of numerous classes of invertebrate animals which are more or less earthworm-like in appearance, the earthworm, a grub, a maggot: anything spiral: the thread of a screw: the lytta or vermiform cartilage of a dog's tongue: the instrument used to withdraw the charge of a gun: a spiral pipe surrounded by cold water into which steam or vapours pass for condensation in distilling: anything that corrupts, gnaws, or torments: remorse: a debased being, a groveller: (_pl._) any intestinal disease arising from the presence of parasitic worms.--_v.i._ to move like a worm, to squirm: to work slowly or secretly.--_v.t._ to effect by slow and secret means: to elicit by underhand means: to remove the lytta or vermiform cartilage of a dog's tongue.--_n._ WORM'-CAST, the earth voided by the earthworm.--_adjs._ WORM'-EAT'EN, eaten by worms: old: worn-out; WORM'-EAT'ING, living habitually on worms; WORMED, bored by worms: injured by worms.--_ns._ WORM'-FENCE, a zigzag fence formed of stakes; WORM'-F[=E]'VER, a feverish condition in children ascribed to intestinal worms; WORM'-GEAR, a gear-wheel having teeth shaped so as to mesh with a worm or shaft on which a spiral is turned, an endless screw; WORM'-GEAR'ING; WORM'-GRASS, pink-root: a kind of stonecrop; WORM'-HOLE, the hole made by a worm.--_adj._ WORM'-HOLED, perforated by worm-holes.--_ns._ WORM'-POW'DER, a vermifuge; WORM'-SEED, santonica: the treacle mustard; WORM'-WHEEL, a wheel gearing with an endless screw or worm, receiving or imparting motion.--_adj._ WOR'MY, like a worm: grovelling: containing a worm: abounding with worms: gloomy, dismal, like the grave. [A.S. _wyrm_, dragon, snake, creeping animal; cog. with Goth. _waurms_, a serpent, Ice. _ormr_, Ger. _wurm_; also with L. _vermis_.]

WORMIAN, wurm'i-an, _adj._ associated with the name of the Danish anatomist Olaus _Worm_ (1588-1654), applied esp. to the supernumerary bones developed in the sutures of the skull.

WORMWOOD, wurm'wood, _n._ the bitter plant _Artemisia absinthium_: bitterness. [A.S. _wermod_ (Ger. _wermuth_), wormwood; perh. lit. 'keep-mind,' in allusion to its medicinal (anthelmintic and tonic) properties--_werian_, to protect (Ger. _wehren_), _mód_, mind.]

WORN, w[=o]rn, _pa.p._ of _wear_.

WORN-OUT, w[=o]rn'-owt, _adj._ much injured or rendered useless by wear: wearied: past, gone.

WORRICOW, wur'i-kow, _n._ (_Scot._) a hobgoblin: the devil: anything frightful or even only grotesque.

WORRY, wur'i, _v.t._ to tear with the teeth: to harass: to tease: (_Scot._) to choke.--_v.i._ to trouble one's self: to be unduly anxious: to fret:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ worr'ied.--_n._ act of worrying: trouble, perplexity, vexation.--_ns._ WORR'IER, one who worries himself or others; WORR'IMENT (_coll._), anxiety.--_adj._ WORR'ISOME, causing trouble.--v. WORR'IT (_slang_), to worry.--_n._ (_slang_) annoyance.--_adj._ WORR'YING, harassing.--_adv._ WORR'YINGLY.--WORRY DOWN, to swallow with a strong effort. [A.S. _wyrgan_, found in compound _áwyrgan_, to harm; cf. Dut. _worgen_, Ger. _würgen_, to choke; A.S. _wearg_, _werg_, a wolf.]

WORSE, wurs, _adj._ (used as _comp._ of _bad_) bad or evil in a greater degree: more sick.--_adv._ bad in a higher degree: less: (_Shak._) with more severity.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to worst.--_v.i._ WOR'SEN, to grow worse.--_v.t._ to make worse.--_adv._ WOR'SER, a redundant comparative of _worse_.--THE WORSE, defeat, disadvantage. [A.S. _wyrsa_, from _wiers-sa_ from _wirsiza_ (Goth. _wairsiza_), formed with comp. suffix _-iz_ from a Teut. root _wers_, found in Ger. _ver-wirren_, to confuse.]

WORSHIP, wur'ship, _n._ religious service: fervent esteem: adoration paid to God: a title of honour in addressing certain magistrates, &c.: submissive respect.--_v.t._ to respect highly: to treat with civil reverence: to pay divine honours to: to adore or idolise.--_v.i._ to perform acts of adoration: to perform religious service:--_pr.p._ wor'shipping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ wor'shipped.--_adjs._ WOR'SHIPABLE, WOR'SHIPFUL, worthy of worship or honour, used as a term of respect.--_adv._ WOR'SHIPFULLY.--_n._ WOR'SHIPFULNESS.--_adj._ WOR'SHIPLESS, destitute of worship or worshippers.--_n._ WOR'SHIPPER.--HOUSE, or PLACE, OF WORSHIP, a church or chapel. [A.S. _weorthscipe_--_weorth_, WURTH, worth, affix _-scipe_, _-ship_.]

WORST, wurst, _adj._ bad or evil in the highest degree.--_adv._ to a very bad or very evil degree.--_n._ the highest degree of badness: the most evil state.--_v.t._ to get the advantage over in a contest: to defeat.--_v.i._ (_obs._) to grow worse. [A.S. _wyrst_, _wyrrest_, _wyrresta_, from the same source as _worse_.]

WORSTED, woost'ed, or woorst'ed, _n._ twisted thread or yarn spun out of long, combed wool: woollen yarn for ornamental needlework.--_adj._ made of worsted yarn.--_n._ WORST'ED-WORK, needlework done with worsted. [From _Worstead_, a village near Norwich in England.]

WORT, wurt, _n._ a plant of the cabbage kind. [A.S. _wyrt_; Ger. _wurz_, _wurzel_, a root.]

WORT, wurt, _n._ new beer unfermented or in the act of fermentation: the sweet infusion of malt. [A.S. _wyrte_, new beer (Ice. _virtr_)--_wyrt_, root. See preceding word.]

WORTH, wurth, _n._ value: possessions: that quality which renders a thing valuable: price: moral excellence: importance.--_adj._ equal in value to: having a certain moral value: deserving of.--_adj._ WORTH'FUL.--_adv._ WORTH'ILY (_th_), in a worthy manner: justly: truly.--_n._ WORTH'INESS (_th_).--_adj._ WORTH'LESS, of no worth or value: having no value, virtue, excellence, &c.: useless.--_adv._ WORTH'LESSLY.--_n._ WORTH'LESSNESS.--_adj._ WORTHY (wur'_th_i), having worth: valuable: deserving: suited to: (_B._) deserving (either of good or bad).--_n._ a man of eminent worth: a local celebrity: (_Shak._) anything of value:--_pl._ WOR'THIES.--_v.t._ to make worthy.--WORTHIEST OF BLOOD, male, as opposed to female--of inheritance.--NINE WORTHIES, Hector, Alexander the Great, Julius Cæsar; Joshua, David, Judas Maccabæus; Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon. [A.S. _weorth_, _wurth_ (Ger. _wert_), value.]

WORTH, wurth, _v.i._ to be, happen, as in the phrase WOE WORTH=_woe be to_ (with the noun in the dative). [A.S. _weorthan_, to become; cf. Ger. _werden_.]

WOT, wot, WOTTETH, wot'eth, _v.t._ (_B._) _pr.t._ of obsolete _wit_, to know. [_Wit_.]

WOULD, wood, _pa.t._ of _will_.--_adj._ WOULD'-BE, aspiring, trying, or merely professing to be.--_n._ a vain pretender. [A.S. _wolde_, pa.t. of _willan_.]

WOULFE-BOTTLE, woolf'-bot'l, _n._ a form of three-necked bottle, generally arranged in a series known as _Woulfe's apparatus_, used for the purpose of purifying gases, or of dissolving them in suitable solvents--from the name of the London chemist, Peter _Woulfe_ (1727-1806).

WOUND, wownd, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _wind_.

WOUND, w[=oo]nd, _n._ any division of soft parts, including the skin, produced by external mechanical force--whether incised, punctured, contused, lacerated, or poisoned: any cut, bruise, hurt, or injury.--_v.t._ to make a wound in: to injure.--_adj._ WOUN'DABLE, capable of being wounded.--_n._ WOUN'DER.--_adv._ WOUN'DILY (_coll._), excessively.--_n._ WOUN'DING.--_adj._ WOUND'LESS, exempt from being wounded, invulnerable: harmless.--_n._ WOUND'WORT, a name applied to several plants of popular repute as vulneraries, as the kidney-vetch, &c.: a plant of genus _Stachys_, the marsh or clown's woundwort.--_adj._ WOUN'DY, causing wounds: (_coll._) excessive. [A.S. _wund_ (Ger. _wunde_, Ice. _und_)--A.S. _wund_, wounded; prob. orig. pa.p. of A.S. _winnan_, to fight, strive.]

WOURALI. See WOORALI.

WOVE, WOVEN, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _weave_.

WOW, wow, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to woo.

WOW, wow, _interj._ an exclamation of wonder.

WOWF, wowf, _adj._ (_Scot._) crazy.

WOW-WOW, wow'-wow, _n._ the gibbon of Sumatra.

WOX, WOXEN. (_Spens._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _wax_.

WRACK, RACK, rak, _n._ a term loosely given to various seaweeds, esp. to the _Fucaceæ_, common on British shores, long valuable as a source of kelp, and utilised as manure: shipwreck: ruin.--_adj._ WRACK'FUL, destructive. [Lit. 'something cast ashore,' A.S. _wræc_, exile, misery--_wrecan_, to drive, urge. _Wrack_ is a doublet of _wreck_.]

WRACK, rak, by-form of _wreck_.

WRAITH, r[=a]th, _n._ a spectre: an apparition in the exact likeness of a person seen before or soon after his death. [Cf. dial. form _warth_, an apparition; prob. orig. having the sense of 'guardian spirit'--Ice. _vörthr_, a guardian.]

WRANGLE, rang'gl, _v.i._ to make a disturbance: to dispute: to dispute noisily or peevishly.--_n._ a noisy dispute.--_ns._ WRANG'LER, one who wrangles or disputes angrily: (_Shak._) a stubborn foe: in the University of Cambridge, one of those who have attained the first class in the public mathematical honour examinations; WRANG'LERSHIP.--_adj._ WRANG'LESOME, given to wrangling.--_n._ WRANG'LING.--SENIOR WRANGLER, the student taking the first place in the class mentioned, the second being called SECOND WRANGLER, and so on in the same way. [A freq. of _wring_.]

WRAP, rap, _v.t._ to roll or fold together: to enfold: hide: to cover by winding something round (often with up):--_pr.p._ wrap'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ wrapped.--_n._ a wrapper, as a shawl, &c.--_ns._ WRAP'PAGE, act of wrapping: things used as wrappers; WRAP'PER, one who, or that which, wraps: a loose outer garment of a woman; WRAP'PING; WRAP'-RAS'CAL, a loose greatcoat worn about 1740 (a humorous term).--WRAPPED UP IN, bound up in: engrossed with: comprised in. [A form of _warp_--M. E. _wrappen_, also _wlappen_. Cf. _Lap_ (v.t. to wrap) and _Envelop_.]

WRAP. Same as RAP.

WRASSE, ras, _n._ a genus of bony fishes representative of the large family _Labridæ_, and including many species on European and North African coasts. Common British species are the _ballan-wrasse_, the _red wrasse_, and the _gibbous wrasse_. [Perh. the W. _gwrachen_.]