Chapter XXII: Front Matter (22)

TEST, test, _n._ a pot in which metals are tried and refined: any critical trial: means of trial: (_chem._) anything used to distinguish substances or detect their presence, a reagent: standard: proof: distinction: a witness, testimony: the hard covering of certain animals, shield, lorica.--_v.t._ to put to proof: to examine critically.--_ns._ TEST'-P[=A]'PER, a bibulous paper saturated with some chemical compound that readily changes colour when exposed to certain other chemicals; TEST'-PLATE, a white plate or tile on which to try vitrifiable colours by heat: a glass plate with a series of finely ruled lines used in testing the resolving power of microscopic objectives; TEST'-TUBE, a cylinder of thin glass closed at one end, used in testing liquids.--_n.pl._ TEST'-TYPES, letters or words in type of different sizes for testing the sight.--TEST ACTS, acts meant to secure that none but rightly affected persons and members of the established religion shall hold office--especially those of 1673 and 1685. [O. Fr. _test_--L. _testa_, an earthen pot.]

TEST, test, _v.t._ to attest legally and date.--_v.i._ to make a will.--_adj._ TES'TABLE, capable of being given by will, capable of witnessing. [Fr. _tester_--L. _test[=a]ri_, to testify.]

TESTA, tes'ta, _n._ the outer integument of a seed.

TESTACEA, tes-t[=a]'s[=e]-a, _n.pl._ shelled or crustaceous animals.--_adjs._ TEST[=A]'CEAN (also _n._), TEST[=A]'CEOUS, consisting of, or having, a hard shell.--_ns._ TESTACELL'A, a genus of molluscs belonging to the _Pulmonifera_, and represented in Britain by three species; TESTACEOG'RAPHY, descriptive testaceology; TESTACEOL'OGY, conchology. [L. _testaceus_--_testa_, a shell.]

TESTAMENT, tes'ta-ment, _n._ that which testifies, or in which an attestation is made: the solemn declaration in writing of one's will: a will: a dispensation, as of the Mosaic or old and the Christian or new, one of the two great divisions of the Bible.--_n._ TES'TACY, state of being testate.--_adjs._ TESTAMEN'TAL, TESTAMEN'TARY, pertaining to a testament or will: bequeathed or done by will.--_adv._ TESTAMEN'TARILY.--_adj._ TES'T[=A]TE, having made and left a will.--_ns._ TEST[=A]'TION, a witnessing, a giving by will; TEST[=A]'TOR, one who leaves a will;--_fem._ TEST[=A]'TRIX; TEST[=A]'TUM, one of the clauses of an English deed, enumerating the operative words of transfer, statement of consideration, money, &c. [L. _testamentum_--_test[=a]ri_, to be a witness--_testis_, a witness.]

TESTAMUR, tes-t[=a]'mur, _n._ a certificate that one has passed an examination at an English university--from the opening word. [L., 'we testify.']

TESTER, tes't[.e]r, _n._ a flat canopy, esp. over the head of a bed. [O. Fr. _teste_ (Fr. _tête_), the head--L. _testa_, an earthen pot, the skull.]

TESTER, tes't[.e]r, _n._ a sixpence--also TES'TERN.--_v.t._ TES'TERN (_Shak._), to present or reward with a sixpence. [O. Fr. _teston_--_teste_ (Fr. _tête_), the head, from that of Louis XII. on it.]

TESTICLE, tes'ti-kl, _n._ a gland which secretes the seminal fluid in males, a testis, one of the stones.--_adjs._ TES'TICOND, having the testes concealed; TESTIC'ULAR, pertaining to a testicle; TESTIC'ULATE, -D, shaped like a testicle.--_n._ TES'TIS, a testicle, a rounded body resembling it:--_pl._ TES'TES. [L. _testiculus_, dim. of _testis_, a testicle.]

TESTIERE, tes-ti-[=a]r', _n._ complete armour for a horse's head. [O. Fr.]

TESTIFY, tes'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to bear witness: to make a solemn declaration: to protest or declare a charge (with _against_).--_v.t._ to bear witness to: to affirm or declare solemnly or on oath:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ tes'tif[=i]ed.--_ns._ TESTIF'IC[=A]TE (_Scots law_), a solemn written assertion; TESTIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of testifying or of bearing witness; TES'TIFIER. [L. _testific[=a]ri_--_testis_, a witness, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

TESTIMONY, tes'ti-m[=o]-ni, _n._ evidence: declaration to prove some fact: proof: (_B._) the two tables of the law: the whole divine revelation.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to witness.--_adj._ TESTIM[=O]'NIAL, containing testimony.--_n._ a writing or certificate bearing testimony to one's character or abilities: a sum of money raised by subscription and presented in any form to a person as a token of respect.--_v.t._ TESTIM[=O]'NIALISE, to present with a testimonial. [L. _testimonium_--_test[=a]ri_, to witness.]

TESTING, tes'ting, _n._ the act of trying for proof: the operation of refining gold and silver: chemical analysis.--TESTING CLAUSE, in a Scotch deed, the last clause which narrates when and where the parties signed the deed, before what witnesses, by whose hand written, &c.

TESTRIL, tes'tril, _n._ (_Shak._) same as _Tester_, a sixpence.

TESTUDINAL, tes-t[=u]'din-al, _adj._ relating to, or resembling, the tortoise.--_adjs._ TEST[=U]'DINATE, -D, TESTUDIN'EOUS, arched, vaulted, resembling the carapace of a tortoise.--_n._ TEST[=U]'DO, a cover for the protection of Roman soldiers attacking a wall, formed by overlapping their oblong shields above their heads: any similarly shaped shelter for miners, &c.: an encysted tumour: the fornix: a kind of lyre, the lute. [L. _testudo_, _-inis_, the tortoise.]

TESTY, tes'ti, _adj._ heady: easily irritated: fretful: peevish.--_adv._ TES'TILY.--_n._ TES'TINESS. [From O. Fr. _teste_ (Fr. _tête_), the head.]

TETANUS, tet'a-nus, _n._ an involuntary, persistent, intense, and painful contraction or cramp of more or less extensive groups of the voluntary muscles: lockjaw: the state of prolonged contraction of a muscle under stimuli repeated quickly.--_adjs._ TETAN'IC; TET'ANIFORM; TETANIG'ENOUS.--_n._ TETANIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ TET'ANISE.--_adj._ TET'ANOID.--_n._ TET'ANY, a rare and little understood disease of the nervous system, occurring both in children and adults, characterised by recurring attacks of tonic spasm of various muscles, particularly those of the fingers and toes, associated with defective hygienic conditions, imperfect ventilation, poor diet, and in children with rickets. [L.,--Gr.,--_tetanos_, stretched--_teinein_, to stretch.]

TETCHY, TECHY, tech'i, _adj._ touchy, peevish, fretful.--_adv._ TETCH'ILY, in a tetchy or fretful manner.--_n._ TETCH'INESS, the state of being tetchy or fretful. [_Touchy_.]

TÊTE, t[=a]t, _n._ a head, head-dress.--_n._ TÊTE-À-TÊTE (t[=a]t'-a-t[=a]t'), a private confidential interview: a sofa for two.--_adj._ confidential, secret.--_adv._ in private conversation: face to face. [Fr.]

TETHER, teth'[.e]r, _n._ a rope or chain for tying a beast, while feeding, within certain limits.--_v.t._ to confine with a tether: to restrain within certain limits. [M. E. _tedir_, acc. to Skeat, prob. Celt., Gael. _teadhair_, a tether, W. _tid_, a chain. The Low Ger. _tider_, Ice. _tjóðir_, are prob. borrowed.]

TETRABRANCHIATE, tet-ra-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having four gills.--_n.pl._ TETRABRANCH'I[=A]TA.

TETRACHORD, tet'ra-kord, _n._ a series of four sounds, forming a scale of two tones and a half.--_adj._ TET'RACHORDAL. [Gr. _tetrachordos_, four-stringed--_tetra_, for _tetara_=_tessares_, four, _chord[=e]_, chord.]

TETRACHOTOMOUS, tet-ra-kot'[=o]-mus, _adj._ doubly dichotomous, arranged in four rows.--_n._ TETRAC'TOMY, a division into four parts. [Gr. _tetracha_, in four parts, _temnein_, to cut.]

TETRACT, tet'rakt, _adj._ having four rays.--Also TETRAC'TINAL, TETRAC'TINE. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _aktis_, a ray.]

TETRAD, tet'rad, _n._ a group of four: (_chem._) an atom, radical, or element having a combining power of four.--_adjs._ TET'RAD, TETRAD'IC.--_n._ TET'RADITE, one who attaches mystic properties to the number four, one born in the fourth month or on the fourth day of the month.

TETRADACTYL, tet-ra-dak'til. _adj._ having four fingers or toes--also TETRADAC'TYLOUS.--_n._ TETRADAC'TYL, a four-toed animal.

TETRADECAPOD, tet-ra-dek'a-pod, _adj._ having fourteen feet.--_n.pl._ TETRADECAP'ODA, fourteen-footed crustaceans.--_adj._ TETRADECAP'ODOUS.

TETRAGAMY, te-trag'a-mi, _n._ marriage for the fourth time. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _gamos_, marriage.]

TETRAGON, tet'ra-gon, _n._ a figure of four angles.--_adj._ TETRAG'ONAL. [Gr. _tetragonon_--_tetra-_, four _g[=o]nia_, an angle.]

TETRAGRAM, tet'ra-gram, _n._ a word of four letters: the TETRAGRAMMATON: (_geom._) a quadrilateral.--_n._ TETRAGRAM'MATON, the name JeHoVaH as written with four Hebrew letters, regarded as a mystic symbol: similarly some other sacred word of four letters, as the Latin _Deus_. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _gramma_, a letter.]

TETRAGYNOUS, tet-raj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having four styles or pistils--also TETRAGYN'IAN.--_n.pl._ TETRAGYN'IA.

TETRAHEDRON, tet-ra-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid figure enclosed by four bases or triangles.--_adjs._ TETRAH[=E]'DRAL, having four sides: bounded by four triangles; TETRAHEXAH[=E]'DRAL.--_n._ TETRAHEX'AH[=E]DRON, a solid of twenty-four triangular faces. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _hedra_, a base.]

TETRALOGY, te-tral'[=o]-ji, _n._ a group of four dramas, three tragic and one satiric, exhibited together at the festivals of Dionysos at Athens: any series of four related dramatic or operatic works.

TETRAMERA, te-tram'e-ra, _n.pl._ a division of beetles with four-jointed tarsi.--_adj._ TETRAM'ERAL, four-parted.--_n._ TETRAM'ERISM, division into four parts.--_adj._ TETRAM'EROUS, having four parts. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _meros_, part.]

TETRAMETER, te-tram'e-t[.e]r, _adj._ having four measures, each of two iambic or trochaic feet.--_n._ a verse of four measures. [Gr. _tetrametros_--_tetra-_, four, _metron_, measure.]

TETRANDRIA, te-tran'dri-a, _n._ the fourth class of the Linnæan classification of plants, containing those with four stamens in a flower.--_adjs._ TETRAN'DRIAN, TETRAN'DROUS. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

TETRAO, tet'r[=a]-o, _n._ the chief genus of the family _Tetraonidæ_, which also includes quails and partridges. From these the grouse (forming a subfamily, _Tetraoninæ_) are distinguished. The genus _Tetrao_ is represented by the Capercailzie and the Blackcock or Black Grouse. [L.,--Gr. _tetra[=o]n_, a pheasant.]

TETRAPETALOUS, tet-ra-pet'a-lus, _adj._ (_bot._) having four distinct petals or flower-leaves.

TETRAPHYLLOUS, tet-ra-fil'us, _adj._ having four leaves: consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _phyllon_, a leaf.]

TETRAPLA, tet'ra-pla, _n._ a Bible consisting of four different versions in parallel columns, originally the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, containing four Greek versions (those of Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, and the Septuagint). [Gr. _tetraplous_, fourfold.]

TETRAPOD, tet'ra-pod, _n._ an insect distinguished by having but four perfect legs.--_adj._ four-footed, with four legs--also TETRAP'ODOUS.--_n._ TETRAP'ODY, a group of four feet. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _pous_, _podos_, foot.]

TETRAPOLITAN, tet-ra-pol'i-tan, _adj._ pertaining to a TETRAP'OLIS or a group of four towns.--TETRAPOLITAN CONFESSION, the Confession which the four cities of Strasburg, Constance, Memmingen, and Lindau presented to the Diet of Augsburg (11th July 1530), and, properly speaking, the first Confession of the Reformed Church.

TETRAPTEROUS, te-trap'te-rus, _adj._ having four wings.--Also TETRAP'TERAN. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _pteron_, a wing.]

TETRAPTOTE, tet'rap-t[=o]t, _n._ a noun with but four cases. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _pt[=o]sis_, a case.]

TETRARCH, tet'rärk, or t[=e]', _n._ under the Romans, the ruler of the fourth part of a province: a subordinate prince: the commander of a subdivision of a Greek phalanx.--_ns._ TET'RARCHATE, TET'RARCHY, office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch: the fourth part of a province. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _arch[=e]s_, a ruler.]

TETRASEMIC, tet-ra-s[=e]'mik, _adj._ (_pros._) equivalent to four short syllables, as a dactyl, anapæst, or spondee. [Gr., tetra-, four, _s[=e]ma_, a sign.]

TETRASPERMOUS, tet-ra-sper'mus, _adj._ four-seeded. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, sperma, seed.]

TETRASPORE, tet'ra-sp[=o]r, _n._ a reproductive body, composed of four spores or germs, found in algæ.--_adjs._ TETRASPOR'IC, TET'RASPOROUS. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, spora, seed.]

TETRASTICH, tet'ra-stik, _n._ a stanza, &c., of four lines, a quartet.--_adjs._ TETRASTICH'IC, TETRAS'TICHOUS. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _stichos_, a row.]

TETRASTYLE, tet'ra-st[=i]l, _n._ a temple or other building having four front columns in its portico: a group of four pillars.--_adj._ having four pillars. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _stylos_, a column.]

TETRASYLLABLE, tet'ra-sil-a-bl, _n._ a word of four syllables.--_adjs._ TETRASYLLAB'IC, -AL, consisting of four syllables.

TETRATHEISM, tet'ra-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the belief in four elements in the Godhead--the three persons of the Trinity and a divine essence out of which each of these originates. [Gr., _tetra-_, four, _theos_, God.]

TETT, tet, _n._ (_obs._) a plait.

TETTER, tet'[.e]r, _n._ a popular name for several eruptive diseases of the skin.--_v.t._ to affect with such.--_adj._ TETT'EROUS. [A.S. _teter_.]

TETTIX, tet'iks, _n._ a cicada: an ornament for the hair of that shape. [Gr., 'grasshopper.']

TEUCH, TEUGH, t[=u]h, _adj._ a Scotch form of _tough_.

TEUCRIAN, t[=u]'kri-an, _adj._ relating to the ancient Trojans (_Teucri_) or to the Troad.--_n._ a Trojan.

TEUTON, t[=u]'ton, _n._ one of the ancient inhabitants of Germany, esp. of a tribe living north of the Elbe who invaded Gaul, along with the Cimbri, and were cut to pieces by Marius near Aix in 102 B.C.: one belonging to that division of the Aryans including High and Low Germans and Scandinavians.--_adj._ TEUTON'IC, belonging to the race so called, including Germans, Scandinavians, English, &c.: also to their language.--_ns._ TEUTON'ICISM, TEU'TONISM, a Germanism; TEUTONIS[=A]'TION, the act of Germanising.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ TEU'TONISE, to Germanise, to adopt German ways.--TEUTONIC KNIGHTS, one of the three military-religious orders of knighthood founded during the period of the Crusades, their distinguishing habiliment a white mantle with a black cross. [L. _Teutones_--Goth. _thiuda_, a nation. Cf. _Dutch_.]

TEW, t[=u], _v.t._ to make anything ready, to work up: to beat, mix, pound: to taw, as leather: to scourge, drub.--_v.i._ to work, to bustle, to potter about.--_n._ trouble, worry.

TEXT, tekst, _n._ the original words of an author: that on which a comment is written: a passage of Scripture on which a sermon is supposed to be based.--_ns._ TEXT'-BOOK, a book containing the leading principles of a science; TEXT'-HAND, a large hand in writing--so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in large-hand; TEXT'-MAN, TEX'T[=U]ALIST, one ready in citing Scripture texts: one who adheres to the text.--_adj._ TEX'T[=U]AL, pertaining to, or contained in, the text: serving for a text.--_adv._ TEX'TUALLY.--_ns._ TEX'TUARY, a textualist; TEX'TUS, the authoritative text, esp. of the Bible.--TEXTUS RECEPTUS, the received text of the Greek Testament. [L. _textus_--_tex[)e]re_, _textum_, to weave.]

TEXTILE, teks'til, _adj._ woven: capable of being woven.--_n._ a woven fabric.--_adj._ TEXT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to weaving. [L. _textilis_--_tex[)e]re_, textum, to weave.]

TEXTURE, teks't[=u]r, _n._ anything woven, a web: manner of weaving or connecting: disposition of the parts of a body.--_adj._ TEX'T[=U]RAL. [L. _textura_--_tex[)e]re_.]

THACK, thak, _n._ a Scotch form of _thatch_.--UNDER THACK AND RAPE, safely secured under thatch and rope, snug generally.

THAIRM, _th_[=a]rm, _n._ (_Scot._) an intestine: catgut, a musical string.

THALAMUS, thal'a-mus, _n._ the receptacle of a flower, the thallus of a fungus: an inner room, nuptial chamber:--_pl._ THAL'AM[=I].--_adjs._ THAL'AMIC, pertaining to the optic thalamus, a part of the brain near the origin of the optic nerve; THAL'AMI-FL[=O]'RAL, having the parts of the flower inserted on the thalamus or receptacle.--_n._ THAL[=A]'MIUM, the layer of reproductive cells in the apothecia of lichens:--_pl._ THAL[=A]'MIA. [Gr., 'chamber.']

THALASSIC, tha-las'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the smaller seas--opp. to _Oceanic_: (_zool._) pelagic.--_ns._ THALASSOC'RACY, THALASSOC'RATY, the sovereignty of the seas; THALASSOG'RAPHER, a student of the phenomena of the ocean.--_adj._ THALASSOGRAPH'IC.--_ns._ THALASSOG'RAPHY, the science of the ocean, oceanography; THALASSOM'ETER, a tide-gauge. [Gr. _thalassa_, the sea.]

THALER, tä'l[.e]r, _n._ a dollar, in Germany a silver coin worth about 3s. [Ger. Cf. _Dollar_.]

THALIA, th[=a]-l[=i]'a, _n._ one of the nine muses, who presided over pastoral and comic poetry.--_adj._ TH[=A]L[=I]'AN. [Gr. _Thaleia_, _Thalia_--_thallein_, to bloom.]

THALICTRUM, th[=a]-lik'trum, _n._ a genus of perennial herbs of the Crowfoot family, the meadow-rues: a plant of this genus. [Gr. _thaliktron_--_thallein_, to bloom.]

THALLIUM, thal'i-um, _n._ a metal closely resembling lead in colour and softness, but slightly heavier, first discovered in 1861, and so called from the presence of an intense green line in the spectrum of the flame in which it is volatilised.--_adjs._ THALL'IC, THALL'IOUS. [Gr. _thallos_, a green shoot.]

THALLUS, thal'us, _n._ a vegetative body showing little or no differentiation into leaf, stem, and root, and characteristic of the THALL'OPHYTES or lower Cryptogamia, including algæ, fungi, and lichens.--_adjs._ THALL'IFORM, of the form of a thallus; THALL'INE, THALLOD'IC, pertaining to a thallus.--_n._ THALL'OGEN, a thallophyte.--_adjs._ THALLOG'ENOUS, belonging to the thallogens; THALL'OID, THALL'OSE, resembling a thallus.--_ns._ THALL'[=O]ME, a thallus; THAM'NIUM, the branched shrub-like thallus of fruticulose lichens. [Gr. _thallos_, a young shoot.]

THALWEG, tal'v[=a]h, _n._ the deepest part of a valley. [Ger., _thal_, valley, _weg_, way.]

THAMMUZ=_Tammuz_ (q.v.).

THAN, _th_an, _conj._ when, as, if compared with--a word placed after the comparative of an adjective or adverb between the things compared. [A.S. _thonne_, in its use a relative or conjunctive adverb, equivalent to our when, used after comparatives to introduce the standard of comparison; closely allied to _thone_, accus. masc. of def. art. Cf. _The_.]

THANATOID, than'a-toid, _adj._ looking like dead: deadly.--_adj._ THANATOGNOMON'IC, indicating death.--_ns._ THANATOG'RAPHY, an account of one's death; THANATOL'OGY, the scientific consideration of death; THANATOPH[=O]'BIA, a morbid dread of death; THANATOP'SIS, a view of, or reflection upon, death; THANAT[=O]'SIS, death of a part, gangrene. [Gr. _thanatos_, death.]

THANE, th[=a]n, _n._ a member of a class in the old English community that stood distinctly below the old nobility (_eorlas_, &c.), but above the mere landowners or _ceorls_--a kind of nobility of service rather than blood.--_ns._ TH[=A]'NAGE, THANE'DOM, the jurisdiction or the dignity of a thane; THANE'HOOD, THANE'SHIP. [A.S. _thegen_, _thegn_, a servant, nobleman--_thíhan_, to grow; cog. with Ice. _thegn_, a man, warrior, Ger. _degen_, a soldier, servant, Gr. _teknon_, child.]

THANK, thangk, _v.t._ to express gratitude for a favour.--_n._ (usually in _pl._) expression of gratitude for favour received, often elliptically=My thanks to you.--_adj._ THANK'FUL, full of thanks: grateful.--_adv._ THANK'FULLY.--_n._ THANK'FULNESS.--_adj._ THANK'LESS, unthankful: not expressing thanks or favours: not gaining thanks.--_adv._ THANK'LESSLY, in a thankless manner: unthankfully.--_ns._ THANK'LESSNESS, the state of being thankless: ingratitude; THANK'-OFF'ERING, an offering made to express thanks for mercies received; THANKS'GIVER, one who gives thanks, or acknowledges a favour; THANKS'GIVING, act of giving thanks: a public acknowledgment of divine goodness and mercy: a day set apart for this, esp. that in the United States on the last Thursday of November: a form of giving thanks, a grace, that form preceding the last two prayers of morning or evening prayer or of the litany--the _General Thanksgiving_; THANK'WORTHINESS, the state of being thankworthy.--_adj._ THANK'WORTHY, worthy of, or deserving, thanks.--_n._ THANK'-YOU-MA'AM, a ridge or hollow across a road--from the sudden bobbing of the head of a person in a vehicle crossing it. [A.S. _thanc_, _thonc_, will, thanks; cog. with Ger. _dank_; from the root of _think_.]

THAPSIA, thap'si-a, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants round the Mediterranean. [L.,--Gr., a plant that dyed yellow, prob. _Thapsia garganica_, brought from _Thapsus_, Sicily.]

THARGELIA, thar-g[=e]'li-a, _n.pl._ one of the more important ancient Greek festivals, held at Athens in honour of Apollo; in the month of _Thargelion_ (May-June).

THAT, _th_at, _pron. demons._ and _rel._--as a _demons._ (_pl._ THOSE) it points out a person or thing: the former or more distant thing: not this but the other: as a _rel._, who or which.--_conj._ used to introduce a clause: because: for: in order that. [A.S. _thæt_, neut. of the article _the_ (_ðe_, _ðeó_, _ðæt_, usually replaced by _se_, _seó_, _ðæt_); cog. with Ger. _das_, _dass_; Gr. _to_, Sans. _tat_. Cf. _The_.]

THATCH, thach, _v.t._ to cover, as a roof, with straw, reeds, &c.--_n._ straw, &c., used to cover the roofs of buildings and stacks.--_ns._ THATCH'ER; THATCH'ING, the act or art of covering with thatch: the materials used for thatching. [A.S. _thæc_, thatch, whence _theccan_, to cover; cog. with Ger. _decken_, L. _teg[)e]re_, Gr. _stegein_, to cover.]

THAUMASITE, thaw'ma-s[=i]t, _n._ a dull white mineral calcium compound. [Gr. _thaumazein_, to wonder.]

THAUMATROPE, thaw'ma-tr[=o]p, _n._ a variation of the Zoetrope (q.v.). [Gr. _thauma_, wonder, _tropos_--_trepein_, to turn.]

THAUMATURGY, thaw'ma-tur-ji, _n._ the art of working wonders or miracles.--_adj._ THAUMAN'TIAN (_Ruskin_), wonderful.--_ns._ THAUMATOG'ENY, the doctrine of the miraculous origination of life; THAUMATOG'RAPHY, description of natural wonders; THAUMATOL'ATRY, undue wonder-worship; THAU'MATURGE, a wonder-worker.--_adjs._ THAUMATUR'GIC, -AL, wonder-working.--_n.pl._ THAUMATUR'GICS, wonderful, especially magical, performances: feats of legerdemain.--_ns._ THAUMATUR'GISM, thaumaturgy; THAUMATUR'GIST, a wonder-worker; THAUMATUR'GUS, a wonder-worker: a worker of miracles, applied to certain saints. [Gr.,--_thauma_, a wonder, _ergon_, work.]

THAW, thaw, _v.i._ to melt or grow liquid, as ice: to become so warm as to melt ice.--_v.t._ to cause to melt.--_n._ the melting of ice or snow by heat: the change of weather which causes it.--_adj._ THAW'Y, inclined to thaw. [A.S. _tháwian_; cog. with Ger. _thauen_, to thaw, to fall in dew.]

THE, _th_e, or (when emphatic) _th_[=e], _demons. pron._ usually called the definite article, used to denote a particular person or thing: also to denote a species. [A.S. _the_, rarely used as nom. masc. of def. art., but common as an indeclinable relative. Cf. _That_.]

THE, _th_e, _adv._ used before comparatives, as, 'the more the better.' [A.S. _thý_, by that, by that much, the instrumental case of the def. art.]

THEANDRIC, th[=e]-an'drik, _adj._ pertaining to the union and co-operation of the divine and human natures. [Gr., _theos_, a god, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, man.]

THEANTHROPOS, th[=e]-an-thr[=o]'pos, _n._ the God-man, Christ as having both a divine and human person.--_adjs._ THEANTHROP'IC, -AL, being at once divine and human: embodying deity in human forms.--_ns._ THEAN'THROPISM, THEAN'THROPY, the ascribing of human qualities to deity, also of divine qualities to man; THEAN'THROPIST, one who believes in theanthropism. [Gr. _theos_, a god, _anthr[=o]pos_, man.]

THEARCHY, th[=e]'ärk-i, _n._ a theocracy: a body of divine rulers.--_adj._ THEAR'CHIC. [Gr. _thearchia_--_theos_, a god, _archein_, to be first, to rule--_arch[=e]_, beginning.]

THEATIN, th[=e]'a-tin, _n._ a member of a R.C. religious brotherhood founded in 1524, taking its name from _Theate_ (It. _Chieti_), of which one of its first founders, John Peter Caraffa, was bishop.

THEATRE, th[=e]'a-t[.e]r, _n._ a place where public representations, chiefly dramatic or musical, are seen, a play-house: any place rising by steps like the seats of a theatre: a building adapted for scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, &c.: scene of action, field of operations: the drama, the stage.--_adjs._ THEAT'RIC, -AL, relating or suitable to a theatre, or to actors: pompous: artificial, affected.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ THEAT'RICALISE, to adapt to dramatic representation: to make stagy.--_ns._ THEAT'RICALISM, THEATRICAL'ITY, staginess, artificiality.--_adv._ THEAT'RICALLY, in a theatrical manner: in a manner suiting the stage.--_n._ THEAT'RICALNESS.--_n.pl._ THEAT'RICALS, dramatic performances.--_v.i._ THEAT'RICISE, to play a part.--_ns._ THEAT'RICISM, theatricality, affectation, staginess; THEATROM[=A]'NIA, a craze for play-going; THEAT'ROPHONE, a telephone connected with a theatre. [Gr. _theatron_--_theaomai_, I see.]

THEAVE, th[=e]v, _n._ (_prov._) a ewe of the first year.

THEBAINE, th[=e]'ba-in, _n._ an alkaloid obtained from opium.--Also THEB[=A]'IA.

THEBAN, th[=e]'ban, _n._ a native of _Thebes_: (_Shak._) a wise man.--_adjs._ THEB[=A]'IC, TH[=E]'BAN.--_n._ THEB[=A]'ID, the district around Egyptian Thebes.--THEBAN YEAR, the Egyptian year of 365¼ days.

THECA, th[=e]'ka, _n._ a sheath, case, or sac, a spore-case: a case for a corporal-cloth:--_pl._ TH[=E]'CÆ.--_adjs._ TH[=E]'CAL, TH[=E]'CATE.--_ns._ TH[=E]'CAPHORE, a receptacle bearing thecæ; TH[=E]'CASPORE, a spore produced in a theca.--_adjs._ THECASP[=O]'ROUS; THECIF'EROUS, bearing thecæ; TH[=E]'CIFORM, thecal in use or form.--_n._ TH[=E]'CIUM, the part of the apothecium containing the organs of the fruit in lichens. [Gr. _th[=e]k[=e]_.]

THECLA, thek'la, _n._ a genus of butterflies, containing the _hair-streaks_.

THEE, _th_[=e], _pron._ objective of _thou_. [A.S. _the_, dat. accus. of _thu_ (cf. _Thou_).]

THEE, th[=e], _v.i._ (_Spens._) to prosper, to thrive. [A.S. _theón_, _thión_, to thrive, to grow; Ger. _ge-deihen_, to increase.]

THEFT, theft, _n._ act of thieving.--_adj._ THEFT'[=U]OUS, thievish.--_adv._ THEFT'[=U]OUSLY. [A.S. _theófth_, _thýfth_--_theóf_, thief.]

THEINE, th[=e]'in, _n._ a bitter crystallisable volatile principle found in tea.--_ns._ TH[=E]'IC, a tea-drunkard; TH[=E]'ISM, a morbid state resulting from over-much tea-drinking.

THEIR, _th_[=a]r, _poss. adj. pron._ of or belonging to them. [A.S. _þára_, gen. pl. of the def. art. (replaced the older _hira_).]

THEIRS, _th_[=a]rz, _poss._ of _they_. [Like _hers_, _ours_, _yours_, a double genitive containing a plural suffix _r_ + a sing. _-s_. These forms were confined in the 13th and 14th centuries to the Northern dialects, and are probably due to Scandinavian influence.]

THEISM, th[=e]'izm, _n._ belief in the existence of God with or without a belief in a special revelation.--_n._ TH[=E]'IST, one who believes in God.--_adjs._ TH[=E]IST'IC, -AL, pertaining to theism, or to a theist: according to the doctrines of theists. [Gr. _theos_, God.]

THEM, _th_em, _pron._ objective of _they_. [A.S. _ðám_, dat. pl. of the def. art. (this replaced the older _heom_, _hem_). It is the result of two cross influences; the _th_ is taken from Old Norse _þeim_, the _e_ from A.S. _hem_.]

THEME, th[=e]m, _n._ a subject set or proposed for discussion, or on which a person speaks or writes, a thesis, a brief essay: a verb in its radical form unmodified by inflections: (_mus._) subject, a short melody developed with variations: an administrative division under the Byzantine empire.--_n._ TH[=E]'MA, that which constitutes a subject of thought.--_adj._ TH[=E]MAT'IC.--_adv._ TH[=E]MAT'ICALLY.--_n._ TH[=E]'MATIST, a writer of themes. [Fr. _thème_--L. _thema_--Gr. _tith[=e]mi_, I place, set.]

THEMIS, them'is, _n._ daughter of Uranus and G[=e], mother of the Hours and the Fates, the personification of the order of things established by law, custom, and equity. [Gr.]

THEMSELVES, _th_em-selvz', _pron._ _pl._ of _himself_, _herself_, and _itself_. [_Them_ and _self_.]

THEN, _th_en, _adv._ at that time: afterward: immediately: at another time.--_conj._ for that reason, therefore: in that case.--_adj._ being at that time.--_n._ a specific time already mentioned.--BY THEN, by that time. [A doublet of _than_.]

THENAR, th[=e]'nar, _n._ the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the thenar. [Gr. _thenar_--_theinein_, to stretch.]

THENCE, _th_ens, _adv._ from that time or place: for that reason.--_advs._ THENCE'FORTH, from that time forth or forward; THENCEFOR'WARD, from that time forward or onward. [M. E. _thenne-s_, _thenne_ (cf. _Then_), with the gen. ending _-s_--A.S. _ðanan_. Cf. _Hence_ and _Whence_.]

THEOBROMA, th[=e]-[=o]-br[=o]'ma, _n._ a small tropical American genus of trees of the sterculia or kola-nut family. The best-known species, _Theobroma cacao_, yields the cocoa and chocolate of commerce.--_n._ THEOBR[=O]'MINE, an alkaloid principle, similar to theine and caffeine, existing in the chocolate nut. [Gr., _theos_, a god, _br[=o]ma_, food.]

THEOCRACY, th[=e]-ok'ra-si, _n._ that constitution of a state in which the Almighty is regarded as the sole sovereign, and the laws of the realm as divine commands rather than human ordinances--the priesthood necessarily becoming the officers of the invisible ruler: the state thus governed.--_ns._ TH[=E]'OCRAT, THEOC'RATIST.--_adjs._ THEOCRAT'IC, -AL. [Gr. _theokratia_--_theos_, God, _kratein_, to rule.]

THEOCRASY, th[=e]-[=o]-kr[=a]'si, _n._ the mixed worship of polytheism: a mystic intimacy with deity reached through profound contemplation. [Gr. _theos_, a god, _krasis_, a mixing.]

THEOCRITEAN, th[=e]-ok-ri-t[=e]'an, _adj._ after the manner of _Theocritus_ (3d century B.C.), the greatest of Greek pastoral poets: pastoral, idyllic.

THEODICY, th[=e]-od'i-si, _n._ a name given to the exposition of the theory of Divine Providence, with a view especially to the vindication of the sanctity and justice of God in establishing the present order of things, in which evil, moral as well as physical, so largely appears to prevail.--_adj._ THEODIC[=E]'AN. [Gr. _theos_, God, _dik[=e]_, justice.]

THEODOLITE, th[=e]-od'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ an instrument used in land-surveying for the measurement of angles horizontal and vertical, being neither more nor less than an altitude and azimuth instrument, proportioned and constructed so as to be conveniently portable.--_adj._ THEODOLIT'IC. [Ety. unknown; Gr. _theasthai_, to see + _hodos_, way + _litos_, smooth; _theasthai_ + _dolichos_, long, &c.]

THEOGONY, th[=e]-og'[=o]-ni, _n._ the birth and genealogy of the gods, esp. as told in ancient poetry.--_adj._ THEOGON'IC.--_n._ THEOG'ONIST, a writer on theogony. [Gr. _theogonia_--_theos_, a god, _gon[=e]_, _genos_, race--_genein_, to beget.]

THEOLOGY, th[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science which treats of God, and of man's duty to Him--_Natural_, as discoverable by the light of reason alone; or _Positive_ or _Revealed_, based on the study of divine revelation.--_ns._ THEOL'OGASTER (-gas-), a shallow fellow who pretends to a knowledge of theology; THEOL'OGATE (-g[=a]t), the course of study for R.C. priests; THEOL'OGER, a theologian; THEOL[=O]'GIAN, one well versed in theology: a divine, a professor of or writer on divinity, esp. in R.C. usage, a theological lecturer attached to a cathedral church--also THEOL[=O]'GUS (-gus).--_adjs._ THEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to theology or divinity.--_adv._ THEOLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ THEOLOG'ICS, theological disputation.--_v.t._ THEOL'OGISE, to render theological.--_v.i._ to make a system of theology.--_ns._ THEOL'OGISER, one who theologises; THEOL'OGIST, a student in the science of theology: a theologian; TH[=E]'OLOGUE (-log), a theologian, esp. a theological student. [Gr. _theologia_--_theos_, God, _logos_, a treatise.]

THEOMACHY, th[=e]-om'a-ki, _n._ a fighting against the gods, as by the Titans and giants: (_Bacon_) opposition to the divine will.--_n._ THEOM'ACHIST. [Gr. _theomachia_--_theos_, a god, _mach[=e]_, a battle.]

THEOMANCY, th[=e]'[=o]-man-si, _n._ divination by means of oracles, sibyls, and other persons inspired immediately by some divinity.--_adj._ TH[=E][=O]MAN'TIC. [Gr., _theos_, a god, _manteia_, divination.]

THEOMANIA, th[=e]-[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a madman's belief that he himself is God, or that God dwells in him.--_n._ THEOM[=A]'NIAC, one who shows theomania. [Gr., _theos_, God, _mania_, madness.]

THEOMORPHIC, th[=e]-[=o]-mor'fik, _adj._ having the form or likeness of a god.--_n._ THEOMOR'PHISM. [Gr., _theos_, a god, _morph[=e]_, form.]

THEOPASCHITE, th[=e]-[=o]-pas'k[=i]t, _n._ a by-name applied to such as accepted the formula, that, in the passion of Christ, 'God had suffered and been crucified.' It was applied to the Monophysites.--_n._ THEOPAS'CHITISM. [Gr., _theos_, God, _paschein_, to suffer.]

THEOPATHY, th[=e]-[=o]p'a-thi, _n._ religious emotion aroused by meditation about God.--_adj._ THEOPATHET'IC.

THEOPHANY, th[=e]-of'a-ni, _n._ a manifestation or appearance of deity or the gods to man, esp. the appearance of God to the patriarchs in the form of an angel or in human form: the incarnation and second coming of Christ.--_adj._ THEOPHAN'IC. [Gr., _theos_, God, _phainomai_, I appear.]

THEOPHILANTHROPY, th[=e]-[=o]-fil-an'thr[=o]-pi, _n._ a deistical system of religion drawn up under the French Directory in 1796, and designed to take the place of Christianity.--_adj._ THEOPHILANTHROP'IC.--_ns._ THEOPHILAN'THROPISM; THEOPHILAN'THROPIST; TH[=E]'OPHILE, one who loves God.

THEOPNEUSTY, th[=e]'op-n[=u]s-ti, _n._ divine inspiration.--_adj._ THEOPNEUS'TIC. [Gr., _theos_, God, _pneustos_, inspired--_pnein_, to breathe.]

THEORBO, th[=e]-orb'[=o], _n._ a large lute with two necks, one above the other, formerly used for the bass.--_n._ THEORB'IST. [It. _tiorba_.]

THEOREM, th[=e]'[=o]-rem, _n._ a proposition to be proved.--_adjs._ THEOREMAT'IC, THEOREM'IC.--_n._ THEOREM'AT[=I]ST.--_adjs._ THEORET'IC, -AL, pertaining to theory: not practical: speculative.--_adv._ THEORET'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ THEORET'ICS, the speculative parts of a science.--_n._ TH[=E]'ORIC (_Shak._), theory, speculation.--_v.i._ TH[=E]'ORISE, to form a theory: to form opinions solely by theories: to speculate.--_ns._ TH[=E]'OR[=I]SER; TH[=E]'ORIST, a theoriser: one given to theory and speculation; TH[=E]'ORY, an explanation or system of anything: an exposition of the abstract principles of a science or art: speculation as opposed to practice. [Gr. _the[=o]r[=e]ma_--_the[=o]rein_, to view--_theasthai_, to see.]

THEOSOPHY, th[=e]-os'[=o]-fi, _n._ immediate divine illumination or inspiration claimed to be possessed by specially gifted men, who also possess abnormal control over natural forces.--_ns._ TH[=E]'[=O]SOPH, THEOS'OPHER, THEOS'OPHIST, one who claims to believe in immediate divine illumination.--_adjs._ THEOSOPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to theosophy.--_adv._ THEOSOPH'ICALLY.--_v.i._ THEOS'OPHISE, to practise theosophy.--_n._ THEOS'OPHISM, theosophical tenets.--_adj._ THEOSOPHI'STICAL, theosophical. [Gr. _the[=o]sophia_--_theos_, God, _sophia_, wisdom.]

THEOTECHNY, th[=e]-[=o]-tek'ni, _n._ the scheme of divine intervention, the art of introducing deities into poetry.--_adj._ THEOTECH'NIC. [Gr., _theos_, a god, _techn[=e]_, art.]

THEOTOCOS, th[=e]-ot'[=o]-kos, _n._ the mother of God, a title of the Virgin Mary repudiated by Nestorius--it being not God the Logos but only the human nature which had a mother and suffered pain and death.--Also THEOT'OKOS. [Gr., _theos_, God, _tiktein_, _tekein_, to bring forth.]

THERAPEUTÆ, ther-a-p[=u]'t[=e], _n.pl._ a traditional ascetic sect, allied to the Essenes, living chiefly on the Lake Mareotis, near Alexandria.

THERAPEUTIC, ther-a-p[=u]'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the healing art: curative.--_adv._ THERAPEU'TICALLY.--_n.sing._ THERAPEU'TICS, that part of medicine concerned with the treatment and cure of diseases.--_n._ THERAPEU'TIST, one versed in therapeutics. [Gr. _therapeuein_, to take care of, to heal.]

THERE, _th_[=a]r, _adv._ in that place--opp. to _Here_, at that point--it is used to begin sentences when the subject comes after the verb.--_interj._ expressing certainty, alarm, &c., and in interjectional phrases equivalent to _that_, as 'There's a good boy.'--_advs._ THEREABOUT' or -ABOUTS', about or near that place: near that number, quantity, or degree; THEREAFT'ER, after or according to that; THERE'AMONG, among them; THERE'-ANENT' (_Scot._), concerning that matter; THEREAT', at that place or occurrence: on that account; THERE'AWAY, from that place or direction, thence: in those parts, thereabout; THEREBY', by that means: in consequence of that; THEREFOR', for that, this, or it; THEREFORE (_th_[.e]r'fur), for that or this reason: consequently; THEREFROM', from that or this; THEREIN', in that or this place, time, or thing; THEREINAFT'ER, later in the same document; THEREIN'TO, into that place.--_n._ THERE'NESS, the property of having relative situation or existence.--_advs._ THEREOF', of that or this; THEREON', on that or this; THEREOUT', out of that or this: outside; THERETHROUGH', through that, by that means; THERETO', THEREUN'TO, to that or this; THERE'TOFORE, before that time; THEREUN'DER, under that; THEREUPON', upon or in consequence of that or this: immediately; THEREWITH', with that or this, thereupon; THERE'WITHAL, with that or this: at the same time, over and above. [A.S. _ðær_, _ðer_; conn. with the stem of _the_.]

THEREOLOGY, ther-[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the art of healing, therapeutics.--_n._ THEREOL'OGIST, one versed in thereology. [Gr. _therein_=_therapeuein_, to tend the sick, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]

THERIACA, th[=e]-r[=i]'a-ka, _n._ one of the various preparations of opium: a medicine in the form of an electuary, supposed to be an antidote to snakebites, &c.--also TH[=E]'RIAC.--_adjs._ TH[=E]'RIAC, -AL, TH[=E]'RIAL, medicinal. [L.,--Gr. _th[=e]riak[=e]_--_th[=e]rion_, a wild beast.]

THERIANTHROPISM, th[=e]-ri-an'thr[=o]-pizm, _n._ the representation of deities in combined man and beast forms.--_adj._ THERIANTHROP'IC, pertaining to super human beings of combined human and bestial forms, or their worship.--_n._ TH[=E]'RIOMANCY, divination by observation of beasts.--_adjs._ THERIOMOR'PHIC, THERIOMOR'PHOUS, beast-like.--_n._ THERIOT'OMY, the dissection of beasts, zootomy.

THERIATRICA, th[=e]-ri-at'ri-ka, _n._ the art of veterinary medicine.

THERMAL, th[.e]r'mal, _adj._ pertaining to heat: warm.--_n._ THERM, a thermal unit.--_n.pl._ THER'MÆ, hot springs or baths.--_adv._ THER'MALLY.--_n._ THERMATOL'OGY, the science of the treatment of disease by heat, esp. by thermal mineral waters.--_adj._ THER'MIC, thermal.--_adv._ THER'MICALLY.--_ns._ THERMOBAROM'ETER, an apparatus for measuring pressure of the atmosphere from the boiling-point of water; THERMOCHEM'ISTRY, that branch of chemistry which treats of the relations between chemical action and heat; THER'MOCHROSY, the property possessed by rays of radiant heat of having varying wave-lengths and degrees of refrangibility; THER'MO-CURR'ENT, a thermo-electric current.--_adj._ THER'MO-DYNAM'IC.--_n._ THER'MO-DYNAM'ICS, the branch of physics which treats of heat as a mechanical agent.--_adj._ THER'MO-ELEC'TRIC.--_ns._ THER'MO-ELECTRIC'ITY, electricity developed by the unequal heating of bodies; THER'MO-ELECTROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength of a current of electricity by its effect in producing heat; THERMOGEN'ESIS, the production of heat, esp. in the body by physiological processes.--_adjs._ THERMOGENET'IC, THERMOGEN'IC.--_ns._ THER'MOGRAM, the record made by a thermograph; THER'MOGRAPH, an automatic self-registering thermometer; THERMOG'RAPHY, any process of writing involving the use of heat; THER'MO-MAG'NETISM, magnetism as modified or produced by the action of heat on the body magnetised or on the medium surrounding it; THERMOMET'ROGRAPH, a self-registering thermometer; THER'MO-PILE, a thermo-electric battery used as a thermometer; THER'MOSCOPE, an instrument for detecting changes of temperature without measuring them accurately.--_adj._ THERMOSCOP'IC.--_adv._ THERMOSCOP'ICALLY.--_n._ THER'MOSTAT, an appliance for showing temperatures automatically by the expansion of substances--used in regulating steam pressures, &c.--_adj._ THERMOSTAT'IC.--_adv._ THERMOSTAT'ICALLY.--_adjs._ THERMOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to heat.--_n._ THERMOT'ICS, the science of heat. [Gr. _thermos_, hot--_therm[=e]_, heat--_therein_, to heat.]

THERMIDOR, ther-mi-d[=o]r', _n._ the eleventh month in the calendar of the first French Republic, lasting from the 19th of July to the 18th of August. The 9th Thermidor of the Republican year 2 (July 27, 1794) is historically memorable as the date of Robespierre's fall and the termination of the Reign of Terror.--_n._ THERMID[=O]'RIAN, one who took part in this fortunate coup d'état.

THERMOMETER, th[.e]r-mom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the variations of sensible heat or temperature.--_adjs._ THERMOMET'RIC, -AL, pertaining to, or made with, a thermometer.--_adv._ THERMOMET'RICALLY.--For the _Centigrade_ and the _Fahrenheit_ scale and their relations to each other, see Centigrade and Fahrenheit. In the Réaumur scale, still largely used in Russia and Germany, the freezing-point is marked zero, and the space between this and boiling-point is divided into 80 degrees. To reduce it to Fahrenheit, multiply by 2¼ and add 32; to Centigrade, increase the number by one-fourth of itself. Thus: F = 9/5 C + 32 = 9/4 R + 32; C = 5/9 (F - 32) = 5/4 R; R = 4/9 (F - 32) = 4/5 C.--MAXIMUM THERMOMETER, one that registers the maximum temperature to which it is exposed; MINIMUM THERMOMETER, one that registers the minimum temperature to which it is exposed. [Gr. _therm[=e]_, heat, _metron_, a measure.]

THESAURUS, th[=e]-saw'rus, _n._ a treasury or repository, esp. of knowledge: a lexicon or cyclopædia. [L.,--Gr. _th[=e]sauros_--_tith[=e]mi_, I place.]

THESE, _th_[=e]z, _demons. pron._, _pl._ of _this_. [A.S. _th['æ]s_, pl. of _thes_, this. Doublet _those_.]

THESIS, th[=e]'sis, _n._ a position or that which is set down or advanced for argument: a subject for a scholastic exercise: an essay on a theme:--_pl._ THESES (th[=e]'s[=e]z).--_adj._ THET'IC.--_adv._ THET'ICALLY. [L.--Gr. _ti-th[=e]-mi_, I set.]

THESMOPHORIA, thes-m[=o]-ph[=o]'ri-a, _n.pl._ an ancient Greek festival with mysteries, celebrated by married women in honour of Demeter (Ceres) five days about October.

THESMOTHETE, thes'm[=o]-th[=e]t, _n._ a lawgiver, esp. one of the six junior archons in ancient Athens.

THESPIAN, thes'pi-an, _adj._ pertaining to tragedy: tragic. [Gr. _Thespis_, founder of the Greek drama.]

THETCH, thech, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as THATCH.

THETHER, theth'[.e]r, _adv._ (_Spens._). Same as THITHER.

THEURGY, th[=e]'ur-ji, _n._ that kind of magic which affects to work by supernatural agency, as distinguished from natural magic and necromancy.--_adjs._ THEUR'GIC, -AL.--_n._ THEUR'GIST, a magician. [Gr. _theourgia_--_theos_, a god, _ergein_, to work.]

THEW, th[=u], _n._ (used chiefly in _pl._) muscle or strength: sinews.--_adjs._ THEWED (_Spens._), furnished with thews or sinews; THEW'LESS, weak; THEW'Y, muscular, strong. [Perh. a form of _thigh_.]

THEWED, th[=u]d, _adj._ (_Spens._) mannered, behaved, educated. [A.S. _théaw_, manner, habit.]

THEY, _th_[=a], _pers. pron._, _pl._ of _he_, _she_, or _it_. [The form _thei_, _tha_, that came into use in the north of England in the 13th cent., replacing the older _hi_, _heo_. It is the A.S. _þá_, nom. pl. of the definite article, prob. modified by Scandinavian influence.]

THIBLE, thib'l, _n._ (_prov._) a pot-stick.

THICK, thik, _adj._ dense: imperfectly mobile: compact: not transparent or clear: misty: dull, mentally clouded: crowded: closely set: abundant: frequent, in quick succession: having great depth or circumference: (_coll._) in fast friendship.--_n._ the thickest part of anything: a stupid person.--_adv._ closely: frequently: fast: to a great depth.--_adjs._ THICK'-AND-THIN, thorough, completely devoted; THICK'-COM'ING (_Shak._), coming fast or close together.--_v.t._ THICK'EN, to make thick or close: to strengthen.--_v.i._ to become thick or obscure: to crowd or press.--_ns._ THICK'ENING, something put into a liquid or mass to make it more thick; THICK'ET, a collection of trees or shrubs thickly or closely set: close wood or copse.--_adjs._ THICK'-HEAD'ED, having a thick head or skull: stupid; THICK'ISH, somewhat thick.--_n._ THICK'-KNEE, a stone-plover.--_adj._ THICK'-LIPPED (_Shak._), having thick lips.--_adv._ THICK'LY.--_n._ THICK'NESS.--_adjs._ THICK'-PLEACHED (_Shak._), closely interwoven; THICK'-SET, closely planted: having a short, thick body.--_n._ THICK'-SKIN, a person wanting sensibility: a dull, stupid person, a blockhead.--_adj._ THICK'-SKINNED, having a thick skin: wanting sensibility: dull: obtuse.--_n._ THICK'-SKULL (same as THICK-SKIN).--_adjs._ THICK'-SKULLED, having a thick skull: dull: stupid; THICK'-SPRUNG (_Shak._), that have sprung up thick or close together.--_n._ THICK'UN (_slang_), a sovereign: a crown.--LAY IT ON THICK, to flatter or praise extravagantly; THROUGH THICK AND THIN, in spite of all obstacles, without any wavering. [A.S. _thicce_; cog. with Ger. _dick_.]

THICK, thik, _n._ (_Spens._) a thicket.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to grow dense.

THIEF, th[=e]f, _n._ one who steals or takes unlawfully what is not his own.--_ns._ THIEF'-CATCH'ER, -T[=A]'KER, one whose business is to detect thieves and bring them to justice: a detective. [A.S. _theóf_; Ice. _thjóf-r_, Ger. _dieb_.]

THIEVE, th[=e]v, _v.i._ to practise theft: to steal.--_n._ THIEV'ERY, the practice of thieving.--_adj._ THIEV'ISH, given to, or like, theft or stealing: acting by stealth: secret: sly.--_adv._ THIEV'ISHLY.--_n._ THIEV'ISHNESS. [A.S. _theófian_.]

THIG, thig, _v.i._ to make supplication, to live on alms.--_v.t._ to beseech, beg.--_n._ THIG'GER, a beggar, a sorner. [A.S. _thicgan_, to take.]

THIGH, th[=i], _n._ the thick fleshy part of the leg from the knee to the trunk.--_n._ THIGH'-BONE, the bone of the leg between the hip-joint and the knee. [A.S. _theó_, _theóh_; Ice. _thjó_, Old High Ger. _deoh_.]

THILK, thilk, _pron._ (_Spens._) the same. [A.S. _thylc_, _thyllíc_, the like, such--_thí_, instrumental case of _thæt_, that, and _líc_, like.]

THILL, thil, _n._ one of the shafts of a cart or other carriage.--_ns._ THILL'ER, THILL'-HORSE (_Shak._), the horse that goes between the thills or shafts of a carriage, or the last of a team. [A.S. _thille_, a board, a plank.]

THIMBLE, thim'bl, _n._ a metal cover for the finger, used in sewing.--_ns._ THIM'BLE-CASE, a case for holding a thimble; THIM'BLEFUL, as much as a thimble will hold: a small quantity; THIM'BLE-RIG, a sleight-of-hand trick in which the performer conceals, or pretends to conceal, a pea or small ball under one of three thimble-like cups.--_v.i._ to cheat by such means.--_ns._ THIM'BLE-RIG'GER; THIM'BLE-RIG'GING. [A.S. _thýmel_, a thumb-stall--_thúma_, a thumb. An extension of _thumb_.]

THIN, thin, _adj._ having little thickness: slim: lean: freely mobile: small: fine: not close or crowded: transparent, flimsy, shallow: not full or well grown, meagre, weak.--_adv._ not thickly or closely: in a scattered state.--_v.t._ to make thin: to make less close or crowded (with _away_, _out_, &c.): to make rare or less thick or dense.--_v.i._ to grow or become thin:--_pr.p._ thin'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ thinned.--_adj._ THIN'-FACED (_Shak._), having a thin face.--_adv._ THIN'LY.--_n._ THIN'NESS.--_adjs._ THIN'NISH, somewhat thin; THIN'-SKINNED, having a thin skin: sensitive: irritable.--_n._ THIN'-SKINNED'NESS. [A.S. _thynne_; Ice. _thunnr_, Ger. _dünn_.]

THINE, _th_[=i]n, _pron._ (poss. form of _thou_) belonging to thee: thy. [A.S. _thín_, thy--_thín_, gen. of _thú_, thou; Ger. _dein_.]

THING, thing, _n._ an inanimate object: a living being (in tenderness or in contempt): an event: a part: (_pl._) clothes, wraps.--_ns._ THING'INESS, reality, objectivity: disposition to take a materialistic view of things; THING'-IN-ITSELF', a noumenon, the Ger. _ding an sich_; THING'UMBOB, THING'UMMY (_coll._), a thing, anything, an indefinite name for some person whom one cannot be troubled to name distinctly.--_adj._ THING'Y, materialistic.--DO THE HANDSOME THING BY, to treat generously; KNOW A THING OR TWO, to be shrewd; MAKE A GOOD THING OF IT, to reap a good advantage from; THE THING, the proper or right thing. [A.S. _thing_, _thinc_; Ger. _ding_.]

THING, ting, _n._ a parliament, or a court of law, in Scandinavian countries. [Ice. _thing_, an assembly.]

THINK, thingk, _v.i._ to exercise the mind (with _about_, _of_, _on_): to revolve ideas in the mind: to judge: to form or hold as an opinion: to consider: to purpose or design.--_v.t._ to imagine: to judge: to believe or consider:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ thought.--_adj._ THINK'ABLE, capable of being thought.--_n._ THINK'ER.--_p.adj._ THINK'ING, having the faculty of thought.--_n._ the act or state of one who thinks: (_Shak._) thought, imagination, judgment.--_adv._ THINK'INGLY.--THINK LITTLE OF, to have a poor opinion of--opposite to THINK MUCH, or WELL, OF; THINK LONG, to yearn for: to become weary in waiting; THINK OUT, to devise, project: to solve by a process of thought. [A.S. _thencan_, _thencean_; cog. with Ger. _denken_, from root of _thank_.]

THIRD, th[.e]rd, _adj._ the last of three.--_n._ one of three equal parts: (_golf_) a handicap of a stroke every third hole.--_ns._ THIRD'-BOR'OUGH (_Shak._), an under-constable; THIRD'ING, the third part of anything.--_adv._ THIRD'LY, in the third place.--_adj._ THIRD'-RATE, of the third order.--_n._ THIRDS'MAN, a mediator.--THIRD ESTATE, in England, the House of Commons; THIRD PERSON IN THE TRINITY, the Holy Spirit. [A.S. _thridda_--_threó_, three.]

THIRL, th[.e]rl, _n._ (_prov._) a hole: an opening: a short passage between two headings in a mine.--_v.t._ to pierce, wound: cause to quiver.--_v.i._ to vibrate, tingle, thrill.

THIRL, th[.e]rl, _n._ a form of thrall.--_v.t._ to bind or subject.--_n._ THIRL'AGE, a form of servitude by which the grain produced on certain lands had to be ground at a certain mill and a certain proportion paid.

THIRST, th[.e]rst, _n._ the uneasiness caused by want of drink: vehement desire for drink: eager desire for anything.--_v.i._ to feel thirst: to desire vehemently.--_n._ THIRST'ER.--_adv._ THIRST'ILY.--_n._ THIRST'INESS.--_adj._ THIRST'Y, suffering from thirst: dry: parched: vehemently desiring. [A.S. _thurst_, _thyrst_; Ger. _durst_; cf. Gr. _tersesthai_, L. _torr[=e]re_, to dry.]

THIRTEEN, th[.e]r't[=e]n, _adj._ and _n._ three and ten.--_adj._ and _n._ THIR'TEENTH, the last of thirteen: a thirteenth part. [A.S. _threótýne_--_threó_, three, _týn_, ten.]

THIRTY, th[.e]r'ti, _adj._ and _n._ three times ten.--_adj._ THIR'TIETH, the last of thirty.--_n._ a thirtieth part. [A.S. _thrítig_--_threó_, three, _-tig_, suff. denoting ten.]

THIS, _th_is, _demons. pron._ or _adj._ denoting a person or thing near, just mentioned, or about to be mentioned: (_B._) the last past:--_pl._ THESE.--_n._ THIS'NESS, hæccity. [A.S. _this_, the neut. of the adj. pron. _thes_ (masc.), _theós_ (fem.), _this_ (neut.)--pl. _th['æ]s_ (=these), _thás_ (=those); Ice. _thessi_, Ger. _dieser_.]

THISTLE, this'l, _n._ a genus of prickly plants.--_n._ THIS'TLE-DOWN, the tufted feathery bristles of the seeds of the thistle.--_adj._ THIS'TLY, overgrown with thistles. [A.S. _thistel_; Ger. _distel_.]

THITHER, _th_ith'[.e]r, _adv._ to that place: to that end or result.--_adv._ THITH'ERWARD, toward that place. [A.S. _ðider_.]

THLIPSIS, thlip'sis, _n._ constriction of a blood-vessel by external compression. [Gr.,--_thlibein_, to press.]

THO, th[=o], _adv._ (_Spens._) then, also the sing. of _those_.

THO'=_Though_.

THOFT, thoft, _n._ (_prov._) a rowing-bench. [A.S. _thofte_.]

THOLE, th[=o]l, _n._ a pin in the side of a boat to keep the oar in place.--Also THOLE'-PIN, THOWL, THOWEL. [A.S. _thol_; Dut. _dol_, Ice. _thollr_.]

THOLE, th[=o]l, _v.t._ to endure, to suffer: to yield.--_v.i._ to be patient, to wait. [A.S. _tholian_, to suffer; Goth. _thulan_, Ice. _thola_; Old High Ger. _dolén_, whence Ger, _ge-duld_, patience, _dulden_, to suffer.]

THOLOBATE, th[=o]'l[=o]-b[=a]t, _n._ (_archit._) the substructure on which a dome or cupola rests. [Gr. _tholos_, a dome, _bainein_, to go.]

THOLUS, th[=o]'lus, _n._ a round building, dome, cupola:--_pl._ TH[=O]'LI.--Also THOLE. [Gr.]

THOMISM, t[=o]'mizm, _n._ the doctrines of the followers of the prince of scholastic theologians, _Thomas_ Aquinas (1226-74), esp. as these are set forth in his _Summa Theologiæ_, which still represent, with few exceptions, the general teaching of the R.C. Church.--_n._ TH[=O]'MIST, a follower of Aquinas.--_adjs._ THOMIST'IC, -AL.

THONG, thong, _n._ a piece or strap of leather to fasten anything. [A.S. _thwang_.]

THOR, th[=o]r, _n._ the second principal Scandinavian divinity, the god of thunder. [Ice. _Thórr_.]

THORAH=_Torah_.

THORAL, th[=o]'ral, _adj._ nuptial. [L. _torus_, the bed.]

THORAX, th[=o]'raks, _n._ the part of the body between the neck and belly: the chest.--_adj._ THORACIC (-ras'-), pertaining to the thorax or breast. [L.,--Gr.]

THORIUM, th[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a rare metal resembling aluminium, but taking fire below a red heat, and burning with great brilliancy.--Also THOR[=I]'NUM.

THORN, thorn, _n._ a sharp, woody spine on the stem of a plant: a spine: a plant having spines or thorns: anything prickly or troublesome.--_ns._ THORN'-APP'LE, a plant of genus _Datura_: a haw, a thorn-tree; THORN'BACK, a species of ray or skate which has nail-like crooked spines in its back; THORN'BILL, a variety of humming-bird with short, straight bill; THORN'-BUSH, a shrub producing thorns; THORN'-HEDGE, a hedge of hawthorn.--_adjs._ THORN'LESS, without thorns; THORN'SET, set or beset with thorns; THORN'Y, full of thorns: prickly: troublesome: harassing (A.S. _thorniht_).--THORN IN THE FLESH, any cause of constant irritation, from 2 Cor. xii. 7. [A.S. _thorn_; Ice. _thorn_, Ger. _dorn_.]

THOROUGH, thur'[=o], _adj._ passing through or to the end: complete: entire.--_prep._ (_obs._) through.--_n._ that which goes through, a passage: the blind and obstinately tyrannical policy of Strafford and Laud in administering civil and ecclesiastical affairs without regard to opposite convictions.--_n._ THOR'OUGH-BASS (_mus._), a bass part all through a piece, with figures placed over the notes to indicate the harmony to be played to each.--_adj._ THOR'OUGHBRED, thoroughly or completely bred: bred from a dam and sire of the best blood, as a horse, and having the qualities supposed to depend thereon.--_n._ an animal, esp. a horse, of pure blood--of race-horses, one all of whose ancestors for seven generations (five in America) are recorded in the stud-book.--_n._ THOR'OUGHFARE, a fare or passage for going through: a public way or street: right of passing through.--_adj._ THOR'OUGHG[=O]'ING, going through or to the end: going all lengths: complete.--_adv._ THOR'OUGHLY.--_n._ THOR'OUGHNESS.--_adj._ THOR'OUGH-PACED, thoroughly or perfectly paced or trained: complete. [The longer form of _through_.]

THORP, THORPE, thorp, _n._ a homestead: a hamlet. [A.S. _thorp_; Goth. _thaurp_, Ger. _dorf_.]

THOSE, _th_[=o]z, _pron._, _pl._ of _that_. [From A.S. _thás_, the old pl. of _thes_, this. Cf. _This_. Doublet _these_.]

THOTH, thoth, _n._ the ancient Egyptian god of wisdom, and the inventor of art, science, letters, &c., ibis-headed, with a tau-cross in his hand.

THOU, thow, _pron._ of the second person sing., the person addressed (now generally used only in solemn address). [A.S. _ðú_; cog. with Goth. _thu_, Gr. _tu_, L. _tu_, Sans. _tva-m_.]

THOUGH, _th_[=o], _conj._ admitting: allowing: even if notwithstanding. [Lit. 'on that' (condition), A.S. _ðeáh_, _ðéh_; cog. with Goth. _thau-h_, Ice. _thó_, Ger. _doch_; from the stem of _the_.]

THOUGHT, thawt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _think_. [A.S. _þoht_--_þencan_, to think.]

THOUGHT, thawt, _n._ the act of thinking: reasoning: deliberation: that which one thinks: idea: fancy: consideration: opinion: meditation: design: care.--_adjs._ THOUGHT'ED, having thoughts; THOUGHT'FUL, full of thought: employed in meditation: attentive: considerate: promoting serious thought: favourable to meditation.--_adv._ THOUGHT'FULLY.--_n._ THOUGHT'FULNESS.--_adj._ THOUGHT'LESS, without thought or care: careless: inattentive: stupid: dull.--_adv._ THOUGHT'LESSLY.--_ns._ THOUGHT'LESSNESS; THOUGHT'-READ'ER; THOUGHT'-READ'ING, the dubious act or art of discerning what is passing in another's mind by some direct and unexplained method, depending neither on gesture, facial expression, nor any articulate or other voluntary indication.--_adj._ THOUGHT'-SICK (_Shak._), uneasy with reflection.--_n._ THOUGHT'-TRANS'FERENCE, telepathy.--_adj._ THOUGHT'-TRANSFEREN'TIAL, telepathic.--_n._ THOUGHT'-WAVE, a supposed undulatory movement of a hypothetical medium by which the phenomena of thought-transference are explained.--TAKE THOUGHT (_Shak._), to give way to grief. [A.S. _ge-thóht_; Ice. _thóttr_, Ger. _bedacht_. Cf. _Think_.]

THOUS, _th_owz (_Spens._), Thou art.

THOUS, th[=o]'us, _n._ a genus of canines, the African jackals, [L. _thos_--Gr. _th[=o]s_, a wild dog.]

THOUSAND, thow'zand, _adj._ denoting ten hundred: proverbially, denoting any great number.--_n._ the number ten hundred: any large number.--_adj._ THOU'SANDFOLD, folded a thousand times: multiplied by a thousand.--_n._ THOU'SAND-LEGS, any one of the Myriapoda.--_adj._ THOU'SANDTH, the last of a thousand or of any great number.--_n._ one of a thousand or of any great number.--ONE IN [OF] A THOUSAND, anything exceedingly rare, implying a high degree of rarity or excellence. [A.S. _thúsend_; Ger. _tausend_, Goth. _thúsundi_.]

THOWEL, THOWL. See THOLE (1).

THOWLESS, thow'les, _adj._ (_Scot._) pithless: lazy. [_Thew_.]

THRALL, thrawl, _n._ a slave, serf: slavery, servitude: a shelf for barrels.--_adj._ (_arch._) subject.--_v.t._ to enslave.--_ns._ THRAL'DOM, THRALL'DOM, the condition of a thrall or slave: slavery: bondage.--_adj._ THRALL'-LIKE (_Milt._), resembling a thrall or slave: resembling slavery: slavish. [Old Northumbrian _ðr['æ]l_--Ice. _þræll_, a slave; cf. Old High Ger. _drigil_, a slave, one who runs errands. From root of A.S. _þrægian_, to run.]

THRAP, thrap, _v.t._ to fasten about. [Prob. _frap_.]

THRAPPLE, thrap'l, _n._ (_Scot._) the windpipe.--Also THROPP'LE. [_Throttle_.]

THRASH, thrash, _v.t._ to heat out grain from the straw, to beat soundly--also THRESH.--_ns._ THRASH'ER, THRESH'ER; THRASH'ING, THRESH'ING, the act of beating out grain from the straw: a sound beating or drubbing; THRASH'ING-FLOOR, THRESH'ING-FLOOR, a floor on which grain is thrashed; THRASH'ING-MACHINE', -MILL, a machine or apparatus for thrashing corn. [A.S. _therscan_; cog. with Ger. _dreschen_.]

THRASH, thrash, _n._ (_Scot._) a rush.--Also THRESH.

THRASHER, thrash'[.e]r, _n._ an American throstle or thrush, the brown thrush or sandy mocking-bird.--Also THRESH'ER.

THRASONICAL, thr[=a]-son'ik-al, _adj._ resembling _Thraso_, a boastful soldier in Terence's _Eunuchus_: boastful, bragging.--_adv._ THRASON'ICALLY.

THRATCH, thrach, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to gasp for breath.--_n._ laboured breathing.

THRAVE, thr[=a]v, _n._ twenty-four sheaves of grain set up in two _stooks_ of twelve sheaves each: the number of two dozen, a good number.--Also THREAVE (thr[=e]v). [Scand., Ice. _þrefi_--_þrífa_, to grasp.]

THRAW, thraw, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to twist, wrench.--_v.i._ to writhe, to wriggle: to be perverse.--_adjs._ THRÄ'WARD, THRÄ'WART, obstinate; THRAWN, twisted: perverse.--HEADS AND THRAWS, lying beside each other, the head of the one by the feet of the other; IN THE DEAD THRAW, in the agony of death. [_Throw_.]

THREAD, thred, _n._ a very thin line of any substance twisted and drawn out: a filament of any fibrous substance: a fine line of yarn: anything resembling a thread: the prominent spiral part of a screw: something continued in long course: the uniform tenor of a discourse.--_v.t._ to pass a thread through the eye of (as a needle): to pass or pierce through, as a narrow way: to furnish with a thread.--_adj._ THREAD'BARE, worn to the bare thread: having the nap worn off: hackneyed: used till its novelty or interest is gone.--_n._ THREAD'BARENESS.--_adj._ THREAD'EN (_Shak._), made of thread.--_ns._ THREAD'ER; THREAD'INESS, the state of being thread-like or slender: the quality of containing threads; THREAD'-LACE, lace made of linen thread; THREAD'-P[=A]'PER, a piece of thin soft paper for wrapping up a skein of thread.--_n.pl._ THREAD'-WORMS, a popular name for Nematoda, a class of more or less thread-like worms, many parasitic, others free-living.--_adj._ THREAD'Y, like thread: slender: containing, or consisting of, thread.--THREAD AND THRUM, all, the good and bad together; THREAD OF LIFE, the thread imagined to be spun and cut by the Fates.--LISLE THREAD, a fine hard-twisted linen thread originally made at _Lille_ in France. [A.S. _thr['æ]d_--_thráwan_, to wind, to twist; Ger. _drehen_.]

THREAP, THREEP, thr[=e]p, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to maintain persistently: to contradict: to urge, to press eagerly.--_v.i._ to dispute.--_n._ stubborn insistence: contradiction: a freet. [A.S. _threápian_, to rebuke.]

THREAT, thret, _n._ declaration of an intention to inflict punishment or other evil upon another: menace.--_v.t._ THREAT'EN, to declare the intention of inflicting punishment or other evil upon another: to terrify by menaces: to present the appearance of coming evil or of something unpleasant.--_n._ THREAT'ENER.--_adj._ THREAT'ENING, indicating a threat or menace: indicating something approaching or impending.--_adv._ THREAT'ENINGLY.--_adj._ THREAT'FUL (_Spens._), full of threats, having a menacing appearance. [A.S. _þreát_--_þreótan_, to afflict; cog. with Ger. _verdriessen_, Goth. _thriutan_, to vex.]

THREE, thr[=e], _adj._ and _n._ two and one.--_adj._ THREE'-COR'NERED, having three corners or angles: (_bot._) having three prominent longitudinal angles, as a stem.--_n._ THREE'-DECK'ER, ship of war carrying guns on three decks: an old-fashioned pulpit.--_adjs._ THREE'FOLD, folded thrice: thrice repeated: consisting of three; THREE'-FOOT, measuring three feet, or having three feet; THREE'-LEAFED, -LEAVED (_bot._), having three distinct leaflets: having the leaves arranged in threes; THREE'-LOBED (_bot._), having three lobes; THREE'-MAN (_Shak._), worked by three men.--_n._ THREE'-MAS'TER, a ship with three masts.--_adjs._ THREE'-NERVED, having three nerves: (_bot._) having three distinct nerves running longitudinally without branching, as a leaf; THREE'-NOOKED (_Shak._), three-cornered; THREE'-PART'ED, consisting of three parts: (_bot._) divided into three parts down to the base, as a leaf.--_n._ THREEPENCE (thr[=e]'pens, _coll._ thrip'ens), three pennies: a silver coin of the value of threepence.--_adj._ THREE'PENNY, worth threepence: of little worth: mean, vulgar.--_ns._ THREE'-PER-CENTS., bonds or other securities paying three per cent. interest, esp. a portion of the consolidated debt of Great Britain; THREE'-PILE (_Shak._), the finest kind of velvet.--_adjs._ THREE'-PILED, set with a thick pile, as velvet: (_Shak._) of the best quality: (_Shak._) piled one on another; THREE'PLY, having three plies or folds; THREE'SCORE, three times a score, sixty (also _n._); THREE'-SID'ED, having three sides; THREE'SOME, triple; THREE'-SUIT'ED, having but three suits of clothes; THREE'-VALVED, consisting of, or opening with, three valves.--THREE F'S, free sale, fixity of tenure, fair rent--the three demands of the Irish Land League; THREE R'S (see R); THREE TIMES THREE, three cheers thrice repeated. [A.S. _þreó_, _þrý_, _þír_; Ice. _þrír_, Gael. _tri_, Goth. _threis_, Ger. _drei_, L. _tres_, Gr. _treis_, Sans. _tri_.]

THREMMATOLOGY, threm-a-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of breeding or propagating animals and plants under domestication. [Gr. _thremma_--_trephein_, to nurse, _logia_--_legein_, to say.]

THRENODY, thren'[=o]-di, _n._ an ode or song of lamentation.--_n._ THRENE, a lament, lamentation.--_adjs._ THRENET'IC, -AL; THREN[=O]'DIAL, THRENOD'IC.--_n._ THREN'ODIST, a writer of threnodies. [Gr. _thr[=e]n[=o]dia_--_thr[=e]nos_, a lament, _[=o]d[=e]_, a song.]

THREPSOLOGY, threp-sol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the nutrition of living organisms, or a treatise thereon. [Gr. _threpsis_--_trephein_, to nourish, _logia_--_legein_, to say.]

THRESH, thresh (see THRASH).--_ns._ THRESH'EL, a flail; THRESH'ER, the fox-shark; THRESH'ER-WHALE, the grampus.

THRESHOLD, thresh'[=o]ld, _n._ a piece of wood or stone under the door of a house: door: entrance: the place or point of entering. [M. E. _threshwold_--A.S. _therscwald_--_therscan_, to thresh, _wald_, wood.]

THRESTLE, thres'l, _n._ a three-legged stool. [_Trestle_.]

THRETTY, thret'i, a dial. form of _thirty_.

THREW, thr[=oo], _pa.t._ of _throw_.

THRICE, thr[=i]s, _adv._ three times. [M. E. _thriës_--A.S. _þríwa_, thrice--_þrí_, three.]

THRID, thrid, _n._ (_Spens._) a thread.--_v.t._ to slip through, as a narrow passage. [_Thread_.]

THRIDACIUM, thri-d[=a]'si-um, _n._ the inspissated juice of lettuce.--Also THRID'ACE. [L. _thridax_--Gr. _thridax_, lettuce.]

THRIFT, thrift, _n._ state of thriving: frugality: prosperity: increase of wealth: gain: a plant of genus _Armeria_, order _Plumbagineæ_, the marsh-rosemary.--_adv._ THRIFT'ILY.--_n._ THRIFT'INESS.--_adj._ THRIFT'LESS, not thrifty: extravagant: not thriving.--_adv._ THRIFT'LESSLY.--_n._ THRIFT'LESSNESS.--_adj._ THRIFT'Y (_comp._ THRIFT'IER, _superl._ THRIFT'IEST), showing thrift or economy: thriving by frugality. [_Thrive_.]