Chapter II: Front Matter (2)

SALT, sawlt, _n._ chloride of sodium, or common salt, a well-known substance used for seasoning, found either in the earth or obtained by evaporation from sea-water: anything like salt: seasoning: piquancy: abatement, modification, allowance: an experienced sailor: that which preserves from corruption: an antiseptic: (_chem._) a body composed of an acid and a base united in definite proportions, or of bromine, chlorine, fluorine, or iodine, with a metal or metalloid: (_obs._) lust.--_v.t._ to sprinkle or season with salt: to fill with salt between the timbers for preservation.--_adj._ containing salt: tasting of salt: overflowed with, or growing in, salt-water: pungent: lecherous: (_coll._) costly, expensive--_ns._ SALT'-BLOCK, a salt-evaporating apparatus; SALT'-BOTT'OM, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efflorescences: SALT'-BUSH, an Australian plant of the goose-foot family; SALT'-CAKE, the crude sodium sulphate occurring as a by-product in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid; SALT'-CAT, a mixture given as a digestive to pigeons; SALT'ER, one who salts, or who makes, sells, or deals in salt, as in _Drysalter_: a trout leaving salt-water to ascend a stream; SAL'TERN, salt-works; SALT'-FOOT, a large saltcellar marking the boundary between the superior and inferior guests; SALT'-GAUGE, an instrument for testing the strength of brine; SALT'-GLAZE, a glaze produced upon ceramic ware by putting common salt in the kilns after they have been fired.--_adj._ SALT'-GREEN (_Shak._), sea-green.--_ns._ SALT'-GROUP, a series of rocks containing salt, as the Onondaga salt-group; SALT'-HOLD'ER, a saltcellar; SALT'-HORSE, salted beef; SALT'IE, the salt-water fluke or dab; SALT'ING, the act of sprinkling with salt: the celebration of the Eton 'Montem.'--_adj._ SALT'ISH, somewhat salt.--_adv._ SALT'ISHLY, so as to be moderately salt.--_ns._ SALT'ISHNESS, a moderate degree of saltness; SALT'-JUNK, hard salt beef for use at sea.--_adj._ SALT'LESS, without salt: tasteless.--_n._ SALT'-LICK, a place to which animals resort for salt.--_adv._ SALT'LY.--_ns._ SALT'-MARSH, land liable to be overflowed by the sea or the waters of estuaries; SALT'-MARSH CAT'ERPILLAR, the hairy larva of an arctiid moth; SALT'-MARSH HEN, a clapper-rail; SALT'-MARSH TERR'APIN, the diamond-backed turtle; SALT'-MINE, a mine where rock-salt is obtained; SALT'NESS, impregnation with salt; SALT'-PAN, a pan, basin, or pit where salt is obtained or made; SALT'-PIT, a pit where salt is obtained; SALT'-RHEUM, a cutaneous eruption; SALTS, Epsom salt or other salt used as a medicine.--_adj._ SALT'-SLIV'ERED, slivered and salted, as fish for bait.--_ns._ SALT'-SPOON, a small spoon for serving salt at table; SALT'-SPRING, a brine-spring; SALT'-WA'TER, water impregnated with salt, sea-water; SALT'-WORKS, a place where salt is made; SALT'-WORT, a genus of plants of many species, mostly natives of salt-marshes and sea-shores, one only being found in Britain, the Prickly S., which was formerly burned for the soda it yielded.--_adj._ SALT'Y (same as SALTISH).--SALT A MINE, to deposit ore in it cunningly so as to deceive persons who inspect it regarding its value; SALT OF LEMON, or SORREL, acid potassium oxalate, a solvent for ink-stains; SALT OF SODA, sodium carbonate; SALT OF TARTAR, a commercial name for purified potassium carbonate; SALT OF VITRIOL, sulphate of zinc; SALT OF WORMWOOD, carbonate of potash.--ABOVE THE SALT, at the upper half of the table, among the guests of distinction; ATTIC SALT, wit; BELOW THE SALT, at the lower half of the table; BE NOT WORTH ONE'S SALT, not to deserve even the salt that gives relish to one's food; BRONZING SALT, used in burning gun-barrels; EPSOM SALTS, magnesium sulphate, a cathartic; ESSENTIAL SALTS, those produced from the juices of plants by crystallisation; GLAUBER'S SALT, or HORSE SALTS, a well-known cathartic, used in woollen dyeing; LAY SALT ON THE TAIL OF, to catch; NEUTRAL SALT, a salt in which the acid and the base neutralise each other; ROCHELLE SALT, sodium potassium tartrate, a laxative; SPIRITS OF SALT, the old name for muriatic or hydrochloric acid; TAKE WITH A GRAIN OF SALT, to believe with some reserve. [A.S. _sealt_; cf. Ger. _salz_, also L. _sal_, Gr. _hals_.]

SALTANT, sal'tant, _adj._ leaping: dancing: (_her._) salient.--_v.i._ SAL'T[=A]TE, to dance.--_n._ SALT[=A]'TION, a leaping or jumping: beating or palpitation: (_biol._) an abrupt variation.--_n.pl._ SALTAT[=O]'RIA, a division of orthopterous insects including grass-hoppers, locusts, and crickets.--_adjs._ SALTAT[=O]'RIAL, SALTAT[=O]'RIOUS; SAL'TATORY, leaping: dancing: having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing. [L. _saltans_, pr.p. of _salt[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, inten. of _sal[=i]re_, to leap.]

SALTARELLO, sal-ta-rel'[=o], _n._ a lively Italian dance in triple time, diversified with skips, for a single couple--also the music for such: an old form of round dance. [It.,--L. _salt[=a]re_, to dance.]

SALTCELLAR, sawlt'sel-ar, _n._ a small table vessel for holding salt. [For _salt-sellar_, the last part being O. Fr. _saliere_--L. _salarium_--_sal_, salt.]

SALTIERRA, sal-tyer'a, _n._ a saline deposit in the inland lakes of Mexico. [Sp.,--L. _sal_, salt, _terra_, land.]

SALTIGRADE, sal'ti-gr[=a]d, _adj._ formed for leaping, as certain insects.--_n._ one of a certain tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey. [L. _saltus_, a leap, _gradi_, to go.]

SALTIMBANCO, sal-tim-bangk'[=o], _n._ (_obs._) a mountebank: a quack. [It.]

SALTIRE, SALTIER, sal't[=e]r, _n._ (_her._) an ordinary in the form of a St Andrew's Cross.--_adj._ SAL'TIERWISE. [O. Fr. _saultoir_, _sautoir_--Low L. _saltatorium_, a stirrup--L. _salt[=a]re_, to leap.]

SALTPETRE, sawlt-p[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ the commercial name for nitre.--_adj._ SALTP[=E]'TROUS. [O. Fr. _salpestre_--Low L. _salpetra_--L. _sal_, salt, _petra_, a rock.]

SALTUS, sal'tus, _n._ a break of continuity in time: a leap from premises to conclusion. [L., a leap.]

SALUBRIOUS, sa-l[=u]'bri-us, _adj._ healthful: wholesome.--_adv._ SAL[=U]'BRIOUSLY.--_ns._ SAL[=U]'BRIOUSNESS, SAL[=U]'BRITY, [L. _salubris_--_salus_, _salutis_, health.]

SALUE, sal-[=u]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to salute.

SALUTARY, sal'[=u]-tar-i, _adj._ belonging to health: promoting health or safety: wholesome: beneficial.--_n._ SAL[=U]DADOR' (_obs._), a quack who cures by incantations.--_adv._ SAL'[=U]TARILY, in a salutary manner: favourably to health.--_n._ SAL'[=U]TARINESS.--_adj._ SAL[=U]TIF'EROUS, health-bearing.--_adv._ SAL[=U]TIF'EROUSLY. [L. _salutaris_--_salus_, health.]

SALUTE, sal-[=u]t', _v.t._ to address with kind wishes: to greet with a kiss, a bow, &c.: to honour formally by a discharge of cannon, striking colours, &c.--_n._ act of saluting: the position of the hand, sword, &c. in saluting: greeting: a kiss: a complimentary discharge of cannon, dipping colours, presenting arms, &c., in honour of any one.--_ns._ SAL[=U]T[=A]'TION, act of saluting: that which is said in saluting, any customary or ceremonious form of address at meeting or at parting, or of ceremonial on religious or state occasions, including both forms of speech and gestures: (_obs._) quickening, excitement: the ANGELIC SALUTATION (see AVE); SAL[=U]TAT[=O]'RIAN, in American colleges, the member of a graduating class who pronounces the salutatory oration.--_adv._ SAL[=U]'TATORILY.--_adj._ SAL[=U]'TATORY, pertaining to salutation.--_n._ a sacristy in the early church in which the clergy received the greetings of the people: an oration in Latin delivered by the student who ranks second.--_n._ SAL[=U]'TER. [L. _salut[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_salus_, _salutis_.]

SALVAGE, sal'v[=a]j, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as SAVAGE.

SALVAGE, sal'v[=a]j, _n._ compensation made by the owner of a ship or cargo in respect of services rendered by persons, other than the ship's company, in preserving the ship or cargo from shipwreck, fire, or capture: the goods and materials so saved.--_n._ SALVABIL'ITY, the possibility or condition of being saved.--_adj._ SAL'VABLE.--_n._ SAL'VABLENESS.--_adv._ SAL'VABLY. [Fr.,--L. _salv[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to save.]

SALVATION, sal-v[=a]'shun, _n._ act of saving: means of preservation from any serious evil: (_theol._) the saving of man from the power and penalty of sin, the conferring of eternal happiness: (_B._) deliverance from enemies.--_v.t._ to heal, to cure: to remedy: to redeem: to gloss over.--_ns._ SALV[=A]'TIONISM; SALV[=A]'TIONIST.--SALVATION ARMY, an organisation for the revival of evangelical religion amongst the masses, founded by William Booth about 1865, reorganised on the model of a military force in 1878; SALVATION SALLY, a girl belonging to the Salvation Army.

SALVATORY, sal'va-t[=o]-ri, _n._ (_obs._) a repository: a safe.

SALVE, säv, _n._ (_B._) an ointment: anything to cure sores.--_v.t._ to heal, help.--_ns._ SALV'ER, a quacksalver, a pretender; SALV'ING, healing, restoration. [A.S. _sealf_; Ger. _salbe_, Dut. _zalf_.]

SALVE, sal'v[=e], _v.t._ (_Spens._) to salute.--SALVE REGINA (_R.C._), an antiphonal hymn to the Blessed Virgin said after Lauds and Compline, from Trinity to Advent--from its opening words. [L. _salve_, God save you, hail! imper. of _salv[=e]re_, to be well.]

SALVELINUS, sal-ve-l[=i]'nus, _n._ a genus of _Salmonidæ_, the chars. [Prob. Latinised from Ger. _salbling_, a small salmon.]

SALVER, sal'v[.e]r, _n._ a plate on which anything is presented.--_adj._ SAL'VER-SHAPED, in the form of a salver or tray. [Sp. _salva_, a salver, _salvar_, to save--Low L. _salv[=a]re_, to save.]

SALVIA, sal'vi-a, _n._ a large genus of gamopetalous Labiate plants, including the sage.

SALVINIA, sal-vin'i-a, _n._ a genus of heterosporous ferns--formerly called _Rhizocarpeæ_ or _Pepperworts_.

SALVO, sal'v[=o], _n._ an exception: a reservation. [L., in phrase, _salvo jure_, one's right being safe.]

SALVO, sal'v[=o], _n._ a military or naval salute with guns: a simultaneous discharge of artillery: the combined cheers of a multitude:--_pl._ SALVOS (sal'v[=o]z). [It. _salva_, a salute--L. _salve_, hail!]

SAL-VOLATILE, sal'-vo-lat'i-le. See SAL.

SALVOR, sal'vor, _n._ one who saves a cargo from wreck, fire, &c. [See SALVAGE.]

SAM, sam, _adv._ (_Spens._) together.--_v.t._ to collect, to curdle milk. [A.S. _samnian_--_samen_, together.]

SAMARA, s[=a]-mar'a, or sam'-, _n._ a dry indehiscent, usually one-sided fruit, with a wing, as in the ash, elm, and maple--the last a double samara.--_adjs._ SAM'ARIFORM; SAM'AROID. [L.]

SAMARE, sa-mär', _n._ an old form of women's long-skirted jacket.

SAMARITAN, sa-mar'i-tan, _adj._ pertaining to _Samaria_ in Palestine.--_n._ an inhabitant of Samaria, esp. one of the despised mixed population planted therein after the deportation of the Israelites: the language of Samaria, an archaic Hebrew, or rather Hebrew Aramaic, dialect: a charitable person--from Luke, x. 30-37.--_n._ SAMAR'ITANISM, charity, benevolence.--SAMARITAN PENTATEUCH, a recension of the Hebrew Pentateuch, in use amongst the Samaritans, and accepted by them as alone canonical.

SAMAVEDA, sä-ma-v[=a]'da, _n._ the name of one of the four Vedas. [Sans.]

SAMBO, sam'b[=o], _n._ a negro: properly the child of a mulatto and a negro. [Sp. _zambo_--L. _scambus_, bow-legged.]

SAMBUCUS, sam-b[=u]'kus, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous trees and shrubs of the honeysuckle family--the elders. [L.]

SAMBUKE, sam'b[=u]k, _n._ an ancient musical instrument, probably a harp.--Also SAMB[=U]'CA. [Gr. _sambyk[=e]_--Heb. _sabeka_.]

SAMBUR, sam'bur, _n._ the Indian elk.--Also SAM'BOO. [Hind. _sambre_.]

SAME, s[=a]m, _adv._ (_Spens._). Same as SAM.

SAME, s[=a]m, _adj._ identical: of the like kind or degree: similar: mentioned before.--_adj._ SAME'LY, unvaried.--_n._ SAME'NESS, the being the same: tedious monotony.--ALL THE SAME, for all that; AT THE SAME TIME, still, nevertheless. [A.S. _same_; Goth. _samana_; L. _similis_, like, Gr. _homos_.]

SAMIA, s[=a]'mi-a, _n._ a genus of bombycid moths, belonging to North America.

SAMIAN, s[=a]'mi-an, _adj._ pertaining to, or from, the island of _Samos_, in the Greek Archipelago.--_n._ (also S[=A]'MIOT, S[=A]'MIOTE) a native of Samos.--SAMIAN EARTH, an argillaceous astringent earth; SAMIAN STONE, a goldsmiths' polishing-stone; SAMIAN WARE, an ancient kind of pottery, brick-red or black, with lustrous glaze.

SAMIEL, s[=a]'mi-el, _n._ the simoom. [Turk. _samyeli_--Ar. _samm_, poison, Turk. _yel_, wind.]

SAMISEN, sam'i-sen, _n._ a Japanese guitar.

SAMITE, sam'it, _n._ a kind of heavy silk stuff. [O. Fr. _samit_--Low L. _examitum_--Gr. _hexamiton_, _hex_, six, _mitos_, thread.]

SAMLET, sam'let, _n._ a parr: a salmon of the first year. [Prob. _salmon-et_.]

SAMMY, sam'i, _v.t._ to moisten skins with water.--_n._ a machine for doing this.

SAMNITE, sam'n[=i]t, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to an ancient Sabine people of central Italy, crushed by the Romans after a long struggle: a Roman gladiator armed with shield, sleeve on right arm, helmet, shoulder-piece, and greave.

SAMOAN, sa-m[=o]'an, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to _Samoa_ in the Pacific.--SAMOAN DOVE, the tooth-billed pigeon.

SAMOLUS, sam'[=o]-lus, _n._ a genus of herbaceous plants of the primrose family. [L.]

SAMOSATENIAN, sam-[=o]-sa-t[=e]'ni-an, _n._ a follower of Paul of _Samosata_, bishop of Antioch, the Socinus of the 3d century.

SAMOTHRACIAN, sam-[=o]-thr[=a]'si-an, _adj._ belonging to the island of _Samothrace_ in the Ægean Sea.

SAMOVAR, sam'[=o]-vär, _n._ a tea-urn used in Russia, commonly of copper, the water in it heated by charcoal in a tube extending from top to bottom. [Russ. _samovar[)u]_, prob. Tartar.]

SAMOYED, sa-m[=o]'yed, _n._ one of a Ural-Altaic race between the Obi and the Yenisei.--_adj._ SAMOYED'IC.

SAMP, samp, _n._ Indian corn coarsely ground: a kind of hominy, also porridge made from it.

SAMPAN, sam'pan, _n._ a small boat used in China and Japan.--Also SAN'PAN. [Chin. _san_, _sam_, three, _pan_, a board.]

SAMPHIRE, sam'f[=i]r, or sam'f[.e]r, _n._ an herb found chiefly on rocky cliffs near the sea, used in pickles and salads. [Corr. from Fr. _Saint Pierre_, Saint Peter.]

SAMPI, sam'p[=i], _n._ a character, [sampi] representing a sibilant in early Greek use, later obsolete except as a numeral sign for 900.

SAMPLE, sam'pl, _n._ a specimen: a part to show the quality of the whole: an example.--_v.t._ to make up samples of: to place side by side with: to match: to test by examination.--_ns._ SAM'PLER, one who makes up samples (in compounds, as _wool-sampler_); SAM'PLE-ROOM, a room where samples are shown: (_slang_) a grog-shop; SAM'PLE-SCALE, an accurately balanced lever-scale for weighing ten-thousandths of a pound. [Short for _esample_, from O. Fr. _essample_--L. _exemplum_, example.]

SAMPLER, sam'pl[.e]r, _n._ a pattern of work: a piece of ornamental embroidery, worsted-work, &c., containing names, figures, texts, &c.--_n._ SAM'PLARY (_obs._), a pattern, an example. [Formed from L. _exemplar_.]

SAMPSUCHINE, samp-s[=oo]'ch[=e]n, _n._ (_obs._) sweet marjoram.

SAMSHOO, SAMSHU, sam'sh[=oo], _n._ an ardent spirit distilled by the Chinese from rice: any kind of spirits. [Chin. _san_, _sam_, three, _shao_, to fire.]

SAMSON-POST, sam'son-p[=o]st, _n._ a strong upright stanchion or post for various uses on board ship.

SAMURAI, sam'[=oo]-r[=i], _n. sing._ (also _pl._) a member of the military class in the old feudal system of Japan, including both daimios, or territorial nobles, and their military retainers: a military retainer, a two-sworded man. [Jap.]

SAMYDA, sam'i-da, _n._ a genus of shrubs, native to the West Indies. [Gr. _s[=e]myda_, the birch.]

SANABLE, san'a-bl, _adj._ able to be made sane or sound: curable.--_ns._ SANABIL'ITY, SAN'ABLENESS, capability of being cured; SAN[=A]'TION (_obs._), a healing or curing.--_adj._ SAN'ATIVE, tending, or able, to heal: healing.--_ns._ SAN'ATIVENESS; SANAT[=O]'RIUM (see SANITARY).--_adj._ SAN'ATORY, healing: conducive to health. [L. _sanabilis_--_san[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to heal.]

SANBENITO, san-be-n[=e]'t[=o], _n._ a garment grotesquely decorated with flames, devils, &c., worn by the victims of the Inquisition--at an _auto-de-fe_--for public recantation or execution. [Sp., from its resemblance in shape to the garment of the order of _St Benedict_--Sp. _San Benito_.]

SANCHO, sang'k[=o], _n._ a musical instrument like the guitar, used by negroes.

SANCHO-PEDRO, sang'k[=o]-p[=e]'dr[=o], _n._ a game of cards--the nine of trumps called _Sancho_, the five _Pedro_.

SANCTIFY, sangk'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make sacred or holy: to set apart to sacred use: to free from sin or evil: to consecrate: to invest with a sacred character: to make efficient as the means of holiness: to secure from violation:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sanc'tif[=i]ed.--_n._ SANCTANIM'ITY, holiness of mind.--_v.t._ SANCTIF'IC[=A]TE.--_n._ SANCTIFIC[=A]'TION, act of sanctifying: state of being sanctified: that work or process of God's free grace whereby the new principle of spiritual life implanted in regeneration is developed until the whole man is renewed in the image of God: consecration.--_adj._ SANC'TIFIED, made holy: sanctimonious.--_adv._ SANCTIF[=I]'EDLY, sanctimoniously.--_n._ SANC'TIFIER, one who sanctifies: the Holy Spirit.--_adv._ SANC'TIFYINGLY.--_adj._ SANCTIM[=O]'NIOUS, having sanctity: holy, devout: affecting holiness.--_adv._ SANCTIM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_ns._ SANCTIM[=O]'NIOUSNESS, SANC'TIMONY, affected devoutness, show of sanctity; SANC'TITUDE, holiness, goodness, saintliness: affected holiness; SANC'TITY, quality of being sacred or holy: purity: godliness: inviolability: a saint, any holy object.--_v.t._ SANC'TUARISE (_Shak._), to shelter by sacred privileges, as in a sanctuary.--_ns._ SANC'T[=U]ARY, a sacred place: a place for the worship of God: the most sacred part of the Temple of Jerusalem: the Temple itself: the part of a church round the altar: an inviolable asylum, refuge, a consecrated place which gives protection to a criminal taking refuge there: the privilege of taking refuge in such a consecrated place; SANC'TUM, a sacred place: a private room; SANC'TUS, the ascription, 'Holy, holy, holy, Lord God of Hosts,' from Isa. vi.: a musical setting of the same.--SANCTUM SANCTORUM, the Holy of Holies: any specially reserved retreat or room.--ODOUR OF SANCTITY, the aroma of goodness. [Fr.,--L. _sanctific[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_sanctus_, sacred, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

SANCTION, sangk'shun, _n._ act of ratifying, or giving authority to: confirmation: support: a decree, a law.--_v.t._ to give validity to: to authorise: to countenance.--_adjs._ SANC'TIONABLE; SANC'TIONARY. [Fr.,--L. _sanct[=i]re_.]

SAND, sand, _n._ fine particles of crushed or worn rocks, used in founding: force of character: (_pl._) lands covered with sand: a sandy beach: moments of time, from the use of sand in the hour-glass.--_v.t._ to sprinkle with sand.--_ns._ SAND'-BAG (_fort._), a canvas bag filled with sand or earth, forming a ready means of giving cover against an enemy's fire, or of tamping the charge in a mine: an engraver's leather cushion, &c.; SAND'-BAG'GER, a robber who uses a sand-bag to stun his victims; SAND'-BALL, a ball of soap mixed with fine sand for the toilet; SAND'-BAND, a guard-ring to keep sand from working into the axle-box; SAND'-BANK, a bank of sand formed by tides and currents; SAND'-BATH, a vessel of hot sand for heating vessels without direct exposure to the fire: a bath in which the body is covered with warm sea-sand: saburration; SAND'-BEAR, the Indian badger; SAND'-BED, the bed into which the iron from the blast-furnace is run; SAND'-BIRD, a sandpiper: a shore bird; SAND'-BLAST, sand driven by a blast of air or steam for cutting and engraving figures on glass or metal.--_adj._ SAND'-BLIND, afflicted with partial blindness, in which particles of sand seem to float before the eyes.--_ns._ SAND'-BLIND'NESS; SAND'-BLOW'ER, a sand bellows; SAND'-BOX, a box with a perforated top for sprinkling sand on writing, a contrivance formerly used by way of blotting-paper: a box with sand to prevent the wheels of a rail from slipping; SAND'-BRAKE, a device for stopping trains automatically; SAND'-BUG, a burrowing crustacean: a digger-wasp; SAND'-BUR, a weed found in the plains of the western United States; SAND'-CANAL', the stone canal of an echinoderm; SAND'-CHERR'Y, the dwarf cherry; SAND'-COCK, the redshank; SAND'-CRAB, the lady-crab; SAND'-CRACK, a crack in a horse's hoof: a crack in a moulded brick before burning; SAND'-CRICK'ET, a name applied to certain large crickets in the western United States; SAND'-DAB, a kind of plaice; SAND'-DART, a British noctuid moth; SAND'-DART'ER, -DIV'ER, a small etheostomine fish of the Ohio valley; SAND'-DOLL'AR, a flat sea-urchin; SAND'-DRIFT, a mound of drifted sand; SAND'-DUNE, a ridge of loose sand drifted by the wind.--_adj._ SAND'ED (_Shak._), marked with yellow spots: sprinkled with sand: short-sighted.--_ns._ SAND'-EEL, a small eel-like fish, which buries itself in the sand when the tide retires; SAND'ERLING, a genus of birds of the snipe family, characterised by the absence of a hind-toe, common on the coast, eating marine worms, small crustaceans, and bivalve molluscs; SAND'-FENCE, a barrier in a stream of stakes and iron wire; SAND'-FISH, a fish of the genus Trichodon; SAND'-FLAG, sandstone which splits up into flagstones; SAND'-FLEA, the chigoe or jigger; SAND'-FLOOD, a moving mass of desert sand; SAND'-FLOUN'DER, a common North American flounder; SAND'-FLY, a small New England biting midge; SAND'-GLASS, a glass instrument for measuring time by the running out of sand; SAND'-GRASS, grass that grows by the sea-shore; SAND'-GROUSE, a small order of birds, quite distinct from the true grouse, having two genera, _Pterocles_ and _Syrrhaptes_, with beautiful plumage, heavy body, long and pointed wings, very short legs and toes; SAND'-HEAT, the heat of warm sand in chemical operations; SAND'-HILL, a hill of sand; SAND'-HILL CRANE, the brown crane of North America; SAND'-HILL'ER, one of the poor whites living in the sandy hills of Georgia; SAND'-HOP'PER, a small crustacean in the order _Amphipoda_, often seen on the sandy sea-shore, like swarms of dancing flies, leaping up by bending the body together, and throwing it out with a sudden jerk: a sand-flea; SAND'-HORN'ET, a sand-wasp; SAND'INESS, sandy quality, esp. as regards colour; SAND'ING, the process of testing the surface of gilding, after it has been fired, with fine sand and water: the process of burying oysters in sand.--_adj._ SAND'ISH (_obs._).--_ns._ SAND'-JET (see SAND'-BLAST); SAND'-LARK, a wading-bird that runs along the sand: a sandpiper; SAND'-LIZ'ARD, a common lizard; SAND'-LOB, the common British lug or lob worm; SAND'-MAR'TIN, the smallest of British swallows, which builds its nest in sandy river-banks and gravel-pits; SAND'-M[=A]'SON, a common British tube-worm; SAND'-MOLE, a South African rodent; SAND'-MOUSE, the dunlin: a sandpiper; SAND'-NATT'ER, a sand-snake; SAND'-P[=A]'PER, paper covered with a kind of sand for smoothing and polishing; SAND'-PEEP, the American stint: the peetweet; SAND'-PERCH, the grass-bass; SAND'PIPER, a wading-bird of the snipe family, which frequents sandy river-banks, distinguished by its clear piping note.--_n.pl._ SAND'-PIPES, perpendicular cylindrical hollows, tapering to a point, occurring in chalk deposits, and so called from being usually filled with sand, gravel, or clay.--_ns._ SAND'-PIT, a place from which sand is extracted; SAND'-PLOV'ER, a ring-necked plover; SAND'-PRIDE, a very small species of lamprey found in the rivers of Britain; SAND'-PUMP, a long cylinder with valved piston for use in drilling rocks--a SAND'-SLUDG'ER: a sand-ejector, modified from the jet-pump, used in caissons for sinking the foundations of bridges; SAND'-RAT, a geomyoid rodent, esp. the camass rat; SAND'-REED, a shore grass; SAND'-REEL, a windlass used in working a sand-pump; SAND'-RIDGE, a sand-bank; SAND'-ROLL, a metal roll cast in sand; SAND'-RUN'NER, a sandpiper; SAND'-SAU'CER, a round mass of agglutinated egg-capsules of a naticoid gasteropod, found on beaches; SAND'-SCOOP, a dredge for scooping up sand; SAND'-SCREEN, a sand-sifter; SAND'-SCREW, an amphipod which burrows in the sand; SAND'-SHARK, a small voracious shark; SAND'-SHOT, small cast-iron balls cast in sand; SAND'-SHRIMP, a shrimp; SAND'-SKINK, a European skink found in sandy places; SAND'-SKIP'PER, a beach flea; SAND'-SNAKE, a short-tailed boa-like serpent; SAND'-SNIPE, the sandpiper; SAND'-SPOUT, a moving pillar of sand; SAND'STAR, a starfish: a brittle star; SAND'-STONE, a rock formed of compacted and more or less indurated sand (OLD RED SANDSTONE, a name given to a series of strata--along with the parallel but nowhere coexisting _Devonian_--intermediate in age between the Silurian and Carboniferous systems); SAND'-STORM, a storm of wind carrying along clouds of sand; SAND'-SUCK'ER, the rough dab; SAND'-THROW'ER, a tool for throwing sand on newly sized or painted surfaces; SAND'-TRAP, a device for separating sand from running water; SAND'-V[=I]'PER, a hog-nosed snake; SAND'-WASHER, an apparatus for separating sand from earthy substances; SAND'-WASP, a digger-wasp.--_v.t._ SAND'-WELD, to weld iron with sand.--_ns._ SAND'-WORM, a worm that lives in the sand; SAND'-WORT, any plant of the genus _Arenaria_.--_adj._ SAND'Y, consisting of, or covered with, sand: loose: of the colour of sand.--_n._ a nick-name for a Scotsman (from _Alexander_).--_ns._ SAND'Y-CAR'PET, a geometrid moth; SAND'Y-LAV'EROCK (_Scot._), a sand-lark. [A.S. _sand_; Dut. _zand_, Ger. _sand_, Ice. _sand-r_.]

SANDAL, san'dal, _n._ a kind of shoe consisting of a sole bound to the foot by straps: a loose slipper: a half-boot of white kid: a strap for fastening a slipper: an india-rubber shoe.--_adj._ SAN'DALLED, wearing sandals: fastened with such. [Fr.,--L. _sandalium_--Gr. _sandalon_, prob. from Pers.]

SANDAL, san'dal, _n._ a long narrow boat used on the Barbary coast. [Ar.]

SANDALWOOD, san'dal-w[=oo]d, _n._ a compact and fine-grained tropical wood, remarkable for its fragrance. [Fr. _sandal_--Low L. _santalum_--Late Gr. _santalon_.]

SANDARAC, san'da-rak, _n._ a friable, dry, almost transparent, tasteless, yellowish-white resin, imported from Mogador, Morocco: red sulphuret of arsenic--also SAN'DARACH.--_n._ SAN'DARAC-TREE, a native of the mountains of Morocco. [Fr. _sandaraque_--L. _sandaraca_--Gr. _sandarak[=e]_--Sans. _sind[=u]ra_, realgar.]

SANDEMANIAN, san-de-m[=a]'ni-an, _n._ a follower of Robert _Sandeman_ (1718-71), a Glassite (q.v.).

SANDIVER, san'di-v[.e]r, _n._ the saline scum which forms on glass during its first fusion: glass-gall: product of glass-furnaces.--Also SAN'DEVER. [O. Fr. _suin de verre_, _suint de verre_--_suin_, grease, _de_, of, _verre_, glass--L. _vitrum_.]

SANDIX, san'diks, _n._ red lead.--Also SAN'DYX. [L.,--Gr. _sandix_, vermilion.]

SANDWICH, sand'wich, _n._ two slices of bread with ham, &c., between, said to be named from the fourth Earl of _Sandwich_ (1718-92), who had such brought to him at the gaming-table that he might play on without stopping.--_v.t._ to lay or place between two layers, to fit tight between two objects.--_n._ SAND'WICH-MAN, a man who perambulates the streets between two advertising boards.

SANE, s[=a]n, _adj._ sound in mind or body: healthy: not disordered in intellect.--_adv._ SANE'LY.--_n._ SANE'-NESS. [L. _sanus_; akin to Gr. _saos_, _s[=o]s_, sound.]

SANG, sang, _pa.t._ of _sing_.--_n._ a Scotch form of _song_.

SANG, sang, _n._ blood, in heraldic use.--_adj._ SANG'LANT, bloody or dropping blood.--_n._ SANG-DE-BOEUF, a deep-red colour peculiar to Chinese porcelain.

SANG, sang, _n._ a Chinese wind-instrument.

SANGAR, sang'gar, _n._ a stone breastwork: a low wall of loose stones, used as cover for soldiers. [Hindi sangar, war, entrenchment; from the Sanskrit.]

SANGAREE, sang-ga-r[=e]', _n._ a West Indian beverage, of wine, sugar or syrup, water, and nutmeg, drunk cold.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to make or drink such. [Sp. _Sangría_.]

SANG-FROID, sang-frwo', _n._ coolness, indifference, calmness. [Fr., _sang_, blood, _froid_, cold.]

SANGLIER, sang'li-[.e]r, _n._ (_her._) a wild boar used as a bearing. [Fr., orig. _porc sanglier_--Low L. _singularis_ (_porcus_), the wild boar.]

SANGRAAL, san-gr[=a]l', _n._ in medieval legends, the holy cup supposed to have been used at the Last Supper.--Also SANG'REAL. [Cf. _Grail_.]

SANGRADO, san-grä'do, _n._ one who lets blood--from the leech in _Gil Blas_.

SANGUINE, sang'gwin, _adj._ abounding with blood, bloody: bloodthirsty: ruddy, red: ardent, hopeful, confident: characterised by a fullness of habit.--_n._ the colour of red.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to stain with blood.--_n._ SANG'SUE, a leech--also SANG'UISUGE.--_adjs._ SANGUIC'OLOUS, living in the blood, as a parasite; SANGUIF'EROUS, receiving and conveying blood, circulatory.--_ns._ SANGUIFIC[=A]'TION; SAN'GUIFIER.--_adj._ SANGUIF'LUOUS, flowing with blood.--_v.i._ SAN'GUIFY, to make blood.--_v.t._ to convert into blood.--_n._ SANGUIN[=A]'RIA, a genus of the poppy family, one species, the Blood-root or Puccoon of North America, much used by the Indians for staining.--_adv._ SAN'GUINARILY.--_n._ SAN'GUINARINESS.--_adj._ SAN'GUINARY, bloody: attended with much blood-shed: bloodthirsty.--_n._ the yarrow: the blood-root.--_adj._ SAN'GUINELESS, destitute of blood.--_adv._ SAN'GUINELY, hopefully, confidently.--_n._ SAN'GUINENESS, sanguine character, ardour: ruddiness: plethora.--_adj._ SANGUIN'EOUS, sanguine: resembling or constituting blood.--_ns._ SANGUIN'ITY, sanguineness; SANGUIN'OLENCE, SANGUIN'OLENCY.--_adj._ SANGUIN'OLENT, tinged with blood: sanguine.--_ns._ SANGUISORB[=A]'CEÆ, SANGUISOR'BEÆ, a sub-order of _Rosaceæ_, containing about 150 species; SANGUIS[=U]'GA, a genus of leeches.--_adjs._ SANGUIS[=U]'GENT, SANGUIS[=U]'GOUS, blood-sucking; SANGUIV'OLENT, bloodthirsty; SANGUIV'OROUS, feeding on blood, as a vampire--also SANGUINIV'OROUS. [Fr.,--L. _sanguineus_--_sanguis_, _sanguinis_, blood.]

SANHEDRIM, SANHEDRIN, san'h[=e]-drim, -drin, _n._ the supreme ecclesiastical and judicial tribunal of the Jews down to 425 A.D.: any similar assembly, a parliament. [Heb. _sanhedrin_--Gr. _synedrion_--_syn_, together, _hedra_, a seat.]

SANHITÂ, san'hi-ta, _n._ the name of that portion of the Vedas which contains the Mantras or hymns.

SANICLE, san'ik'l, _n._ a plant of the genus _Sanicula_, the common wood-sanicle long supposed to have healing power. [Fr.,--L. _san[=a]re_, to heal.]

SANIDINE, san'i-din, _n._ a clear glassy variety of orthoclase. [Gr. _sanis_, _sanidos_, a board.]

SANIES, s[=a]'ni-[=e]z, _n._ a thin discharge from wounds or sores.--_adj._ S[=A]'NIOUS. [L.]

SANIFY, san'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make healthy. [L. _sanus_, sound, _fac[)e]re_ to make.]

SANITARY, san'i-tar-i, _adj._ pertaining to, tending, or designed to promote health.--_n._ SANIT[=A]'RIAN, a promoter of sanitary reforms.--_adv._ SAN'ITARILY.--_ns._ SAN'ITARY-WARE, coarse-glazed earthenware for sewer-pipes; SANIT[=A]'TION, the science of sanitary conditions and of preserving health, synonymous with Hygiene--usually restricted, however, to the methods and apparatus for making and maintaining houses healthy; SANIT[=O]'RIUM (incorrectly, SANIT[=A]'RIUM), a health station, particularly for troops.--SANITARY SCIENCE, such science as conduces to the preservation of health.

SANITY, san'i-ti, _n._ state of being sane: soundness of mind or body. [L. _sanitas_--_sanus_, sane.]

SANJAK, san'jak, _n._ an administrative subdivision of a Turkish vilayet or eyalet.--Also SAN'JAK[=A]TE. [Turk.]

SANK, sangk, _pa.t._ of sink.

SANKHYA, san'kyä, _n._ one of the six great systems of orthodox Hindu philosophy.

SANNUP, san'up, _n._ the husband of a squaw: a brave.--Also SANN'OP. [Amer. Ind.]

SANS, sanz, _prep._ (_Shak._) without, wanting.--_n._ SANS'-APPEL', a person from whose decision there is no appeal.--SANS NOMBRE (_her._), repeated often, and covering the field; SANS SOUCI, without care: free and easy. [O. Fr. _sans_, _senz_--L. _sine_, without.]

SANSA, san'sa, _n._ a musical instrument of percussion, a tambourine.

SANSCULOTTE, sanz-k[=oo]-lot', _n._ a name given in scorn, at the beginning of the French Revolution, by the court party to the democratic party in Paris.--_n._ SANSCULOT'TERIE.--_adj._ SANSCULOT'TIC.--_ns._ SANSCULOT'TISM; SANSCULOT'TIST. [Fr. _sansculotte_, _sans_, without--L. _sine_, without, _culotte_, breeches, _cul_, breech--L. _culus_, the breech.]

SANSEVIERIA, san-sev-i-[=e]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order _Hæmodoraceæ_, native to southern Africa and the East Indies, yielding _bowstring-hemp_. [Named after the Neapolitan Prince of _Sanseviero_ (1710-71).]

SANSKRIT, sans'krit, _n._ the ancient literary language of India, the easternmost branch of the great Indo-Germanic (Indo-European, Aryan) stock of languages.--_n._ SANS'KRITIST, one skilled in Sanskrit. [Sans. _samskrita_, perfected, polished, from Sans. _sam_, together, _krita_, done, perfected, from _kri_, cog. with L. _cre[=a]re_, to create.]

SANTA CLAUS, san'ta klawz, _n._ a famous nursery hero, a fat rosy old fellow who brings presents to good children on Christmas Eve.

SANTALACEÆ, san-ta-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ an order of apetalous plants, the sandalwood family.--_adjs._ SANTAL[=A]'CEOUS; SANTAL'IC, pertaining to sandalwood.--_ns._ SAN'TALIN, the colouring matter of red sandalwood; SAN'TALUM, the type genus of the sandalwood family.

SANTIR, san't[.e]r, _n._ a variety of dulcimer used in the East.--Also SAN'TUR.

SANTOLINA, san-t[=o]-l[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of composite plants, of the Mediterranean region, of tribe _Anthemideæ_, including the common lavender-cotton.

SANTON, san'ton, _n._ an Eastern dervish or saint. [Sp. _santon_--_santo_, holy--L. _sanctus_, holy.]

SANTONINE, son'to-nin, _n._ a colourless crystalline poisonous compound contained in _Santonica_. [Gr. _santonicon_, a wormwood found in the country of the _Santones_ in Gaul.]

SAP, sap, _n._ the vital juice of plants: (_bot._) the part of the wood next to the bark: the blood: a simpleton: a plodding student.--_v.i._ to play the part of a ninny: to be studious.--_ns._ SAP'-BEE'TLE a beetle which feeds on sap; SAP'-COL'OUR, a vegetable juice inspissated by slow evaporation, for the use of painters.--_adj._ SAP'FUL, full of sap.--_ns._ SAP'-GREEN, a green colouring matter from the juice of buckthorn berries; SAP'HEAD, a silly fellow.--_adj._ SAP'LESS, wanting sap: not juicy.--_ns._ SAP'LING, a young tree, so called from being full of sap: a young greyhound during the year of his birth until the end of the coursing season which commences in that year; SAP'LING-CUP, an open tankard for drinking new ale; SAP'PINESS.--_adj._ SAP'PY, abounding with sap: juicy: silly.--_ns._ SAP'-TUBE, a vessel that conveys sap; SAP'-WOOD, the outer part of the trunk of a tree, next the bark, in which the sap flows most freely: albumen.--CRUDE SAP, the ascending sap. [A.S. _sæp_; Low Ger. _sapp_, juice, Ger. _saft_.]

SAP, sap, _v.t._ to destroy by digging underneath: to undermine: to impair the constitution.--_v.i._ to proceed by undermining:--_pr.p._ sap'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sapped.--_n._ a narrow ditch or trench by which approach is made from the foremost parallel towards the glacis or covert-way of a besieged place.--_n._ SAP'PER, one who saps. [O. Fr. _sappe_--Low L. _sapa_, a pick, prob. from Gr. _skapan[=e]_, a hoe.]

SAPAJOU, sap'a-zh[=oo], _n._ a name sometimes applied to all that division of American monkeys which have a prehensile tail, and sometimes limited to those of them which are of a slender form, as the genera _Ateles_ or spider-monkey, _Cebus_, &c.--Also SAJOU'.

SAPERDA, s[=a]-p[.e]r'da, _n._ a genus of long-horned beetles, mostly wood-borers. [Gr. _saperd[=e]s_, a fish.]

SAPHENOUS, sa-f[=e]'nus, _adj._ prominent, as a vein of the leg.--_n._ SAPH[=E]'NA, a prominent vein or nerve. [Gr. _saph[=e]n[=e]s_, plain.]

SAPID, sap'id, _adj._ well-tasted: savoury: that affects the taste.--_n._ SAPID'ITY, savouriness.--_adj._ SAP'IDLESS, insipid.--_n._ SAP'IDNESS. [Fr.,--_L. sapidus_--_sap[)e]re_, to taste.]

SAPIENCE, s[=a]'pi-ens, _n._ discernment: wisdom: knowledge: reason.--_adjs._ S[=A]'PIENT, wise: discerning: sagacious, sometimes used ironically; S[=A]PIEN'TIAL.--_adv._ S[=A]'PIENTLY. [L. _sapiens_, _sapientis_, pr.p. of _sap[)e]re_, to be wise.]

SAPINDUS, s[=a]-pin'dus, _n._ a genus of polypetalous trees, as _Soapberry_. [L. _sapo Indicus_, Indian soap.]

SAPIUM, s[=a]'pi-um, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants belonging to the _Euphorbiaceæ_, including the Jamaica milkwood or gum-tree, &c.

SAPI-UTAN, sap'i-[=oo]'tan, _n._ the wild ox of Celebes.--Also SAP'I-OU'TAN. [Malay, _sapi_, cow, _[=u]t[=a]n_, woods.]

SAPO, s[=a]'p[=o], _n._ the toad-fish. [Sp., a toad.]

SAPODILLA, sap-[=o]-dil'a, _n._ a name given in the West Indies to the fruit of several species of Achras, the seeds aperient and diuretic, the pulp subacid and sweet. [Sp. _sapotilla_--_sapota_, the sapota-tree.]

SAPONACEOUS, sap-o-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ soapy: soap-like.--_n._ SAP[=O]N[=A]'RIA, a genus of polypetalous plants, including the soapwort.--_adj._ SAPON'IF[=I]ABLE.--_n._ SAPONIFIC[=A]'TION, the act or operation of converting into soap.--_v.t._ SAPON'IFY, to convert into soap:--_pr.p._ sapon'ifying; _pa.p._ sapon'ified.--_n._ SAP'ONIN, a vegetable principle, the solution of which froths when shaken, obtained from soapwort, &c. [L. _sapo_, _saponis_, soap.]

SAPORIFIC, sap-o-rif'ik, _adj._ giving a taste.--_ns._ S[=A]'POR; SAPOROS'ITY.--_adj._ SAP'[=O]ROUS. [L. _sapor_, _saporis_, taste, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

SAPOTACEÆ, sap-o-t[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ a natural order of trees and shrubs, often abounding in milky juice, including the gutta-percha tree--one species yields the star-apple, another the Mammee-Sapota or American marmalade. [_Sapodilla._]

SAPPAN-WOOD, sa-pan'-w[=oo]d, _n._ the wood of Cæsalpinia sappan, used in dyeing.

SAPPER, sap'[.e]r, _n._ a soldier employed in the building of fortifications, &c.

SAPPHIC, saf'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Sappho_, a passionate Greek lyric poetess of Lesbos (_c._ 600 B.C.): denoting a kind of verse said to have been invented by Sappho.--_ns._ SAPPH'IC-STAN'ZA, a metre of Horace, the stanzas of four verses each, three alike, made up of four trochees, with a dactyl in the third place; SAPPH'ISM, unnatural passion between women; SAPPH'[=O], a humming-bird.

SAPPHIRE, saf'[=i]r, or saf'ir, _n._ a highly transparent and brilliant precious stone, a variety of Corundum, generally of a beautiful blue colour--the finest found in Ceylon: (_her._) a blue tincture.--_adj._ deep pure blue.--_n._ SAPPH'IRE-WING, a humming-bird.--_adj._ SAPPH'IRINE, made of, or like, sapphire.--GREEN SAPPHIRE, the Oriental emerald; RED SAPPHIRE, the Oriental ruby; VIOLET SAPPHIRE, the Oriental amethyst. [Fr.,--L. _sapphirus_--Gr. _sappheiros_--Heb. _sapp[=i]r_, sapphire.]

SAPPING, sap'ing, _n._ the act of excavating trenches.

SAPPLES, sap'lz, _n.pl._ (_Scot._) soapsuds.

SAPREMIA, sap-r[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a condition of blood-poisoning.--_adjs._ SAPR[=E]'MIC, SAPRÆ'MIC. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _haima_, blood.]

SAPROGENOUS, sap-roj'e-nus, _adj._ engendered in putridity.--Also SAPROGEN'IC. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _-gen[=e]s_, producing.]

SAPROHARPAGES, sap-r[=o]-här'pa-j[=e]z, _n._ a group of vultures. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _harpax_, a vulture.]

SAPROLEGNIA, sap-r[=o]-leg'ni-a, _n._ a genus of fungi, causing a destructive salmon-disease. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _legnon_, an edge.]

SAP-ROLLER, sap'-r[=o]l'[.e]r, _n._ a gabion employed by sappers in the trenches.

SAPROMYZA, sap-r[=o]-m[=i]'za, _n._ a large group of reddish-yellow flies. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _myzein_, to suck.]

SAPROPHAGOUS, sap-rof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on decaying matter.--_n._ SAPROPH'AGAN, one of the saprophagous beetles. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _phagein_, to eat.]

SAPROPHYTE, sap'r[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ a plant that feeds upon decaying vegetable matter.--_adjs._ SAPROPHYT'IC, SAPROPH'ILOUS.--_adv._ SAPROPHYT'ICALLY.--_n._ SAP'ROPHYTISM. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _phyton_, a plant.]

SAPROSTOMOUS, sap-ros't[=o]-mus, _adj._ having a foul breath. [Gr. _sapros_, rotten, _stoma_, mouth.]

SAP-ROT, sap'-rot, _n._ dry-rot in timber.

SAPSAGO, sap's[=a]-g[=o], _n._ a greenish Swiss cheese. [Ger. _schabzieger._]

SAP-SHIELD, sap'-sh[=e]ld, _n._ a steel plate for shelter to the sapper.

SAP-SUCKER, sap'-suk'[.e]r, _n._ the name in the United States of all the small spotted woodpeckers.--_adj._ SAP'-SUCK'ING.

SAPUCAIA, sap-[=oo]-k[=i]'a, _n._ a Brazilian tree, whose urn-shaped fruit contains a number of finely-flavoured oval seeds or nuts.

SAPYGA, s[=a]-p[=i]'ga, _n._ a genus of digger-wasps.

SARABAND, sar'a-band, _n._ a slow Spanish dance, or the music to which it is danced; a short piece of music, of deliberate character, and with a peculiar rhythm, in ¾-time, the accent being placed on the second crotchet of each measure. [Sp. _zarabanda;_ from Pers. _sarband_, a fillet for the hair.]

SARACEN, sar'a-sen, _n._ a name variously employed by medieval writers to designate the Mohammedans of Syria and Palestine, the Arabs generally, or the Arab-Berber races of northern Africa, who conquered Spain and Sicily and invaded France.--_adjs._ SARACEN'IC, -AL.--_n._ SAR'ACENISM.--SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE, a general name for Mohammedan architecture. [O. Fr. _sarracin_, _sarrazin_--Low L. _Saracenus_--Late Gr. _Sarak[=e]nos_--Ar. _sharkeyn_, eastern people, as opposed to _maghribe_, 'western people'--i.e. the people of Morocco.]

SARAFAN, sar'a-fan, _n._ a gala-dress. [Russ.]

SARANGOUSTY, sar-an-g[=oo]s'ti, _n._ a material used as a preservative of walls, &c., from damp.

SARBACAND, sar'ba-känd, _n._ a blow-gun.--Also SAR'BACANE.

SARCASM, sär'kazm, _n._ a bitter sneer: a satirical remark in scorn or contempt: irony: a gibe.--_adjs._ SARCAS'TIC, -AL, containing sarcasm: bitterly satirical.--_adv._ SARCAS'TICALLY. [Fr.,--L. _sarcasmus_--Gr. _sarkasmos_--_sarkazein_, to tear flesh like dogs, to speak bitterly--_sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh.]

SARCEL, sär'sel, _n._ the pinion of a hawk's wing.--_adjs._ SAR'CELLED (_her._), cut through the middle--also SAR'CELÉ, SAR'CELLÉE; DEM'I-SAR'CELED, -SAR'CELLED, partly cut through. [O. Fr. _cercel_--L. _circellus_, dim. of _circulus_, a circle.]

SARCELLE, sar-sel', _n._ a long-tailed duck, a teal.

SARCENCHYME, sar-seng'k[=i]m, _n._ one of the soft tissues of sponges.--_adj._ SARCENCHYM'ATOUS. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _enchyma_, an infusion.]

SARCENET. See SARSENET.

SARCINA, sar-s[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of schizomycetous fungi, in which the cocci divide in three planes forming cubical clumps:--_pl._ SARC[=I]'NÆ (-n[=e]).--_adjs._ SARC[=I]'NÆFORM, SARCIN'IC.--_n._ SARCIN'[=U]LA. [L. _sarcina_, a package.]

SARCINE, sär'sin, _n._ a nitrogenous substance obtained from the muscular tissue of the horse, ox, hare, &c.--same as _Hypoxanthine_. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh.]

SARCIOPHORUS, sär-si-of'[=o]-rus, _n._ a genus of spur-winged plovers, including the crested wattled lapwings, &c. [Gr. _sarkion_, a piece of flesh, _sarx_, flesh, _pherein_, to bear.]

SARCITIS, sar-s[=i]'tis, _n._ myositis. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh.]

SARCOBASIS, sär-kob'a-sis, _n._ a fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _basis_, a base.]

SARCOBATUS, sär-kob'a-tus, _n._ an anomalous genus of North American shrubs of the goose-foot family--the only species the _greasewood_ of the western United States. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _batis_, samphire.]

SARCOBLAST, sär'k[=o]-blast, _n._ the germ of sarcode.--_adj._ SARCOBLAS'TIC. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _blastos_, a germ.]

SARCOCARP, sär'k[=o]-karp, _n._ (_bot._) the fleshy part of a drupaceous pericarp or a stone-fruit. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _karpos_, fruit.]

SARCOCELE, sär'k[=o]-s[=e]l, _n._ a fleshy tumour of the testicle. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _k[=e]l[=e]_, tumour.]

SARCOCEPHALUS, sär-k[=o]-sef'-a-lus, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the natural order _Rubiaceæ_, native to the tropics of Asia and Africa--including the _country-fig_, _Guinea peach_, _African cinchona_, &c. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

SARCOCOL, sär'k[=o]-kol, _n._ a semi-transparent resin or gum imported from Arabia.--_n._ SARC[=O]COL'LA, a genus of apetalous shrubs of the order _Penæaceæ_, native to South Africa. [Gr., a Persian gum.]

SARCOCYSTIS, sär-k[=o]-sis'tis, _n._ a genus of parasitic sporozoa or _Gregarinida_, common but apparently harmless in butcher-meat.--_n._ SARCOCYSTID'IA, the division of sporozoa including the foregoing.--_adj._ SARCOCYSTID'IAN. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _kystis_, the bladder.]

SARCODE, sär'k[=o]d, _n._ another term for _protoplasm_.--_n._ SARC[=O]'DES, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the order _Monotropeæ_; including the Californian _snow-plant_.--_adjs._ SARCOD'IC, SAR'CODOUS; SAR'COID, resembling flesh. [Gr. _sarkod[=e]s_, from _sarx_, flesh, _eidos_, resemblance.]

SARCOLEMMA, sär-k[=o]-lem'a, _n._ a membrane which invests striped muscular tissue.--_adj._ SARCOLEMM'IC. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _lemma_, a skin.]

SARCOLEMUR, sär'k[=o]-l[=e]-mur, _n._ a genus of extinct Eocene mammals found in North America. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, and _lemur_.]

SARCOLOBE, sär'k[=o]-l[=o]b, _n._ a thick fleshy cotyledon, as of the bean. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _lobos_, a lobe.]

SARCOLOGY, sär-kol'o-ji, _n._ the division of anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body.--_adjs._ SARCOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ SARCOL'OGIST. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _logos_, discourse.]

SARCOMA, sär-k[=o]'ma, _n._ a tumour or group of tumours, often malignant: any fleshy excrescence: (_bot._) a fleshy disc:--_pl._ SARC[=O]'MATA.--_n._ SARCOMAT[=O]'SIS, sarcomatous degeneration.--_adj._ SARCOM'ATOUS. [Gr. _sark[=o]ma_--_sarx_, flesh.]

SARCOPHAGA, sär-kof'a-ga, _n._ a genus of dipterous insects, the flesh-flies: a former division of marsupials.--_adjs._ SARCOPH'AGAL, flesh-devouring; SARCOPH'AGOUS, feeding on flesh.--_n._ SARCOPH'AGY.

SARCOPHAGUS, sär-kof'a-gus, _n._ a kind of limestone used by the Greeks for coffins, and so called because it was thought to consume the flesh of corpses: any stone receptacle for a corpse: an 18th-century form of wine-cooler:--_pl._ SARCOPH'AG[=I], SARCOPH'AGUSES. [L.,--Gr. _sarkophagos_--_sarx_, flesh, _phagein_, eat.]

SARCOPHILUS, sär-kof'i-lus, _n._ a genus of carnivorous marsupials containing the Tasmanian devil.--_n._ SAR'COPHILE, any animal of this genus.--_adj._ SARCOPH'ILOUS, fond of flesh. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _philein_, to love.]

SARCOPHYTE, sär-kof'i-t[=e], _n._ a monotypic genus of parasitic and apetalous plants native to South Africa. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _phyton_, a plant.]

SARCOPSYLLA, sär-kop-sil'a, _n._ a genus of American insects, including the jigger or chigoe. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _psylla_, a flea.]

SARCOPTES, sär-kop't[=e]z, _n._ the itch-mites.--_adj._ SARCOP'TIC. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _koptein_, to cut.]

SARCOSEPTUM, sär-k[=o]-sep'tum, _n._ a soft septum. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, and _septum_.]

SARCOSIS, sär-k[=o]'sis, _n._ flesh formation: a fleshy tumour. [Gr. _sark[=o]sis_.]

SARCOSTEMMA, sär-k[=o]-stem'a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the order _Asclepiadeæ_, native to Africa, Asia, and Australia--including the _flesh crown-flower_. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _stemma_, wreath.]

SARCOSTIGMA, sär-k[=o]-stig'ma, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants of the order _Olacineæ_--including the _odal-oil plant_. [Gr. _sarx_, flesh, _stigma_, a point.]

SARCOSTYLE, sär'k[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ the mass of sarcode in the sarcotheca of a coelenterate. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _stylos_, a pillar.]

SARCOTHECA, sär-k[=o]-th[=e]'ka, _n._ the cup of a thread-cell: a cnida or nematophore. [Gr. _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh, _th[=e]k[=e]_, a sheath.]

SARCOTIC, sär-kot'ik, _adj._ causing flesh to grow.--_adj._ SAR'COUS, fleshy. [Gr. _sark[=o]tikos_--_sarkousthai_, to produce flesh--_sarx_, flesh.]

SARD, särd, _n._ a variety of quartz, differing from cornelian only in its very deep-red colour, blood-red by transmitted light.--_n._ SAR'DACH[=A]TE, a kind of agate containing layers of sard. [Gr. _sardios_ (_lithos_), the Sardian (stone)--_Sardeis_, Sardis, in Lydia.]

SARDA, sär'da, _n._ a genus of scombroid fishes, the bonitos. [Gr. _sard[=e]_, a fish.]

SARDEL, SARDELLE, sär'del, _n._ a slender herring-like fish. [O. Fr. _sardelle_--L. _sarda_.]

SARDINE, sär-d[=e]n', _n._ a small fish of the herring family, abundant about the island of _Sardinia_, potted with olive-oil for export, the pilchard: a petty character. [Fr., (It. _sardina_)--L. _sarda_, _sardina_--Gr. _sard[=e]n[=e]_.]

SARDINE, sär'din, _n._ the same as SARD.--Also SAR'DIUS. [O. Fr. _sardine_.]

SARDONIC, sär-don'ik, _adj._ forced, heartless, or bitter, said of a forced unmirthful laugh--(_obs._) SARD[=O]'NIAN.--_adv._ SARDON'ICALLY. [Fr. _sardonique_--L. _sardonius_, _sardonicus_--Gr. _sardanios_, referred to _sardonion_, a plant of Sardinia (Gr. _Sard[=o]_), which was said to screw up the face of the eater, but more prob. from Gr. _sairein_, to grin.]

SARDONYX, sär'd[=o]-niks, _n._ a variety of onyx consisting of layers of light-coloured chalcedony alternating with reddish layers of cornelian or sard: (_her._) a tincture of sanguine colour when the blazoning is done by precious stones. [Gr. _sardonyx_--_Sardios_, Sardian, _onyx_, a nail.]

SARGASSO, sär-gas'o, _n._ a genus of seaweeds, of which two species are found floating in immense quantities in some parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans--gulf-weed.--_n._ SARGASS'UM. [Sp.]

SARGUS, sär'gus, _n._ a genus of sparoid fishes of the sub-family SARGI'NA. [Gr. _sargos_, a mullet.]

SARI, sär'i, _n._ a Hindu woman's chief garment, consisting of a long piece of silk or cotton cloth wrapped round the middle: any long scarf. [Hind.]

SARIGUE, sa-r[=e]g', _n._ a South American opossum. [Fr.,--Braz.]

SARK, särk, _n._ a shirt or chemise: the body garment. [A.S. _syrce_; Ice. _serkr_.]

SARKING, sär'king, _n._ (_Scot._) thin boards for lining, the boarding on which slates are laid.

SARKINITE, sär'ki-n[=i]t, _n._ a hydrous arseniate of manganese. [Gr. _sarkinos_, fleshy, _sarx_, _sarkos_, flesh.]

SARLAK, sär'lak, _n._ the yak.--Also SAR'LAC, SAR'LYK.

SARMATIAN, sär-m[=a]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the race who spoke the same language as the Scythians, and who are believed to have been of Median descent and so Iranian in stock, though some authorities think they belonged to the Ural-Altaic family: Polish, the term _Sarmatia_ being sometimes rhetorically applied to Poland.

SARMATIER, sär-ma-ti-[=a]', _n._ a dark-coloured polecat of eastern Europe.

SARMENT, sär'ment, _n._ (_bot._) a prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of a strawberry.--_adjs._ SARMEN'TOSE, SARMEN'TOUS, having sarmenta or runners.--_n._ SARMEN'TUM, a runner. [L. _sarmentum_, a twig--_sarp[)e]re_, to prune.]

SARN, särn, _n._ a pavement. [W. _sarn_.]

SAROH, sar'[=o], _n._ an Indian musical instrument with three metal strings.

SARONG, sa-rong', _n._ a garment covering the lower half of the body. [Malay.]

SAROS, s[=a]'ros, _n._ a Babylonian numeral=3600: an astronomical cycle of 6585 days and 8 hours.

SAROTHRUM, sa-r[=o]'thrum, _n._ a brush of stiff hairs on the leg of a bee:--_pl._ SAR[=O]'THRA. [Gr. _sar[=o]tron_, a broom.]

SARPLAR, sär'plär, _n._ (_obs._) packing-cloth: a large bale of wool containing 2240 pounds.--Also SAR'PLER, SAR'PLIER. [O. Fr. _serpilliere_--Low L. _serapellinus_--L. _xerampelinæ_ (_vestes_), of the colour of dead vine-leaves, dark-red (clothes)--Gr. _x[=e]rampelinos_, _x[=e]ros_, dry, _ampelinos_--_ampelos_, a vine.]

SARRACENIA, sär-a-s[=e]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants--the _side-saddle flower_, _pitcher-plant_. [Named from Dr _Sarrazin_, who first sent them to Europe from Quebec.]

SARRASIN, sär'a-sin, _n._ a portcullis.--Also SAR'ASIN.

SARRAZIN, sär'a-zin, _n._ buckwheat--_Saracen_ wheat.

SARRUSOPHONE, sa-rus'[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ a musical instrument of the oboe class. [From the inventor, a French bandmaster named _Sarrus_.]

SARSAPARILLA, sär-sa-pa-ril'a, _n._ the dried root of several species of _Smilax_, native to tropical America, yielding a medicinal decoction.--Also SAR'SA. [Sp.,--_zarza_, bramble (prob. Basque, _sartzia_), _parilla_, a dim. of _parra_, a vine.]

SARSEN, sär'sen, _n._ a local name for the old inhabitants who worked the tin-mines in Cornwall and Devonshire--(the piles of old mining refuse are called _attal-Sarsen_ and _Jews' leavings_).--Also SARS'DEN-STONE, SAR'ACEN'S-STONE, a name given to the Greywethers of Cornwall.

SARSENET, särs'net, _n._ a thin tissue of fine silk, plain or twilled, used for ladies' dresses and for linings, said to have been introduced from the East in the 13th century.--Also SAR'CENET, SARS'NET. [O. Fr. _sarcenet_--Low L. _Saracenatus_, and _Saracenicus_ (_pannus_), Saracen (cloth)--_Saracenus_, _Saracen_.]

SARSIA, sär'si-a, _n._ a genus of jelly-fishes. [Named from Professor _Sars_ of Christiania.]

SARTAGE, sär't[=a]j, _n._ the clearing of woodland for agricultural purposes.--_n._ SART, a strip of such.

SARTORIUS, sär-t[=o]'ri-us, _n._ the muscle of the thigh by which the one leg is thrown across the other.--_n._ SAR'TOR, a tailor.--_adj._ SART[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a tailor or tailoring. [L. _sartor_, a tailor.]

SASH, sash, _n._ a band, ribbon, or scarf, worn as a badge or ornament, or a badge of distinction worn by officers--also _v.t._--_n._ SASH'ERY, sashes collectively. [Pers. _shast_, a turban.]

SASH, sash, _n._ a case or frame for panes of glass.--_v.t._ to furnish with sashes.--_ns._ SASH'-DOOR, a door having panes of glass; SASH'-FRAME, the frame in which the sash of a window is suspended; SASH'-WINDOW, a glazed window in which the glass is set in a sash.--FRENCH SASH, a casement swinging on hinges. [Fr. _châsse_--L. _capsa_, a case.]

SASIA, s[=a]'si-a, _n._ a genus of Indian pigmy woodpeckers.

SASIN, sas'in, _n._ the common Indian antelope.

SASINE, s[=a]'sin, _n._ (_Scots law_) the act of giving legal possession of feudal property, infeftment: a form of seizin. [Fr. _saisine_--_saisir_, occupy.]

SASS, sas, _n._ (_coll._) impudence: vegetables used in making sauces.--_v.i._ to be insolent in replies.

SASSABY, sas'a-bi, _n._ the bastard hartebeest of South Africa.

SASSAFRAS, sas'a-fras, _n._ a tree of the laurel family, common in North America; also the bark of its root, a powerful stimulant.--SASSAFRAS OIL, a volatile aromatic oil distilled from the sassafras. [Fr. _sassafras_--Sp. _sasafras_--L. _saxifraga_--_saxum_, a stone, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

SASSANID, sas'a-nid, _n._ one of the Sassanidæ, the dynasty which ruled Persia from 218 A.D. to 639.--_adj._ SASS[=A]'NIAN.

SASSARARA. Same as SISERARY.

SASSE, sas, _n._ a sluice on a navigable river. [Dut.]

SASSENACH, sas'e-nah, _n._ a Saxon: an Englishman: a Lowlander. [Gael. _Sasunnach_.]

SASSOLIN, sas'[=o]-lin, _n._ native boracic acid--first found near _Sasso_ in Florence.--Also SASS'OLITE.

SASSOROL, sas'[=o]-rol, _n._ the rock-pigeon.--Also SASSOROL'LA.

SAT, sat, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _sit_.

SATAN, s[=a]'tan, _n._ the enemy of men: the devil: the chief of the fallen angels.--_adjs._ S[=A]TAN'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or like, Satan: devilish.--_adv._ S[=A]TAN'ICALLY, diabolically: with malice or wickedness suiting the devil.--_ns._ S[=A]TAN'ICALNESS, the quality of being fiendishly malicious or wicked; S[=A]'TANISM, the devilish disposition; S[=A]TANOPH'ANY, an appearance or incarnation of Satan; S[=A]TANOPH[=O]'BIA, fear of the devil; S[=A]TH'ANAS, Satan; S[=A]TAN'ITY. [O. Fr. _Sathan_, _Sathanas_--Low L. _Satan_, _Satanas_--Heb. _s[=a]t[=a]n_, enemy--_s[=a]tan_, to be adverse.]

SATARA, sat'a-ra, _n._ a ribbed, hot-pressed, and lustred woollen cloth.

SATCHEL, sach'el, _n._ a small sack or bag, esp. for papers, books, &c. [Older form _sachel_--O. Fr. _sachel_--L. _saccellus_, dim. of _saccus_.]

SATE, s[=a]t, _v.t._ to satisfy or give enough: to glut.--_adj._ SATE'LESS, insatiable. [L. _sati[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_satis_, enough.]

SATE, sat. Same as SAT, _pa.t._ of _sit_.

SATEEN, sa-t[=e]n', _n._ a glossy worsted, cotton, or even woollen fabric.--Also SATTEEN'.

SATELLITE, sat'el-l[=i]t, _n._ an obsequious follower: one of the small members of the solar system, attendant on the larger planets, by which their motions are controlled.--_ns._ SAT'ELLITE-SPHINX, a large hawk-moth; SAT'ELLITE-VEIN, a vein accompanying an artery; SATELLI'TIUM, an escort. [Fr.,--L. _satelles_, _satellitis_, an attendant.]

SATIATE, s[=a]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to satisfy or give enough: to gratify fully: to glut.--_adj._ glutted.--_n._ S[=A]TIABIL'ITY.--_adj._ S[=A]'TIABLE, that may be satiated.--_ns._ S[=A]TI[=A]'TION; S[=A]T[=I]'ETY, state of being satiated: surfeit. [L. _sati[=a]ra_, _-[=a]tum_--_satis_, enough.]

SATIN, sat'in, _n._ a closely woven silk with a lustrous and unbroken surface, sometimes figured.--_adj._ made of satin: resembling satin.--_v.t._ to make smooth and glossy like satin.--_ns._ SAT'IN-BIRD, the satin bower-bird; SAT'IN-CAR'PET, a particular kind of moth; SAT'IN-DAM'ASK, a satin with an elaborate flower or arabesque pattern, sometimes raised in velvet pile; SAT'IN-DE-LAINE', a thin glossy woollen fabric, a variety of cassimere; SAT'INET, a thin species of satin: a cloth with a cotton warp and woollen weft; SAT'INET-LOOM, a loom used for heavy goods, as twills, satinets, &c.; SAT'IN-FIN'ISH, a finish resembling satin: a lustrous finish produced on silver by the scratch-brush, by the process called _Satining_; SAT'INING-MACHINE', a machine for giving a smooth surface to paper; SAT'IN-LEAF, the common alum-root; SAT'IN-LISSE, a cotton dress-fabric with satiny surface, usually printed with delicate patterns; SAT'IN-P[=A]'PER, a fine, glossy writing-paper; SAT'IN-SHEET'ING, twilled cotton fabric with a satin surface; SAT'IN-SPAR, a variety of calcite with a pearly lustre when polished; SAT'IN-SPARR'OW, an Australian fly-catcher; SAT'IN-STITCH, an embroidery stitch, flat or raised, repeated in parallel lines, giving a satiny appearance and making both sides alike; SAT'IN-STONE, a fibrous gypsum used by lapidaries; SAT'INWOOD, a beautiful ornamental wood from East and West Indies, having a smooth, satiny texture.--_adj._ SAT'INY, like, or composed of, satin. [Fr. _satin_ (It. _setino_)--Low. L. _setinus_, adj.--L. _seta_, hair.]

SATINÉ, sat-i-n[=a]', _n._ a reddish hard wood of French Guiana.

SATIRE, sat'[=i]r, or sat'ir, _n._ a literary composition, orig. in verse, essentially a criticism of man and his works, whom it holds up either to ridicule or scorn--its chief instruments, irony, sarcasm, invective, wit and humour: an invective poem: severity of remark, denunciation: ridicule.--_adjs._ SATIR'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or conveying, satire: sarcastic: abusive.--_adv._ SATIR'ICALLY.--_n._ SATIR'ICALNESS, the state or quality of being satirical.--_v.t._ SAT'IR[=I]SE, to make the object of satire: to censure severely.--_n._ SAT'IRIST, a writer of satire. [Fr.,--L. _satira_, _satura_ (_lanx_, a dish), a full dish, a medley.]

SATISFY, sat'is-f[=i], _v.t._ to give enough to: to supply fully: to please fully: to discharge: to free from doubt: to convince.--_v.i._ to give content: to supply fully: to make payment:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sat'isfied.--_n._ SATISFAC'TION, state of being satisfied: gratification: comfort: that which satisfies: amends: atonement: payment, quittance: conviction: repairing a wrong, as by a duel.--_adj._ SATISFAC'TIVE (_obs._).--_adv._ SATISFAC'TORILY.--_n._ SATISFAC'TORINESS.--_adjs._ SATISFAC'TORY, satisfying: giving contentment: making amends or payment: atoning: convincing; SATISF[=I]'ABLE, capable of being satisfied.--_n._ SAT'ISF[=I]ER.--_adj._ SAT'ISFYING, satisfactory.--_adv._ SAT'ISFYINGLY.--SATISFACTION THEORY (of the Atonement), the ordinary theory of Catholic orthodoxy that Christ made satisfaction to Divine justice for the guilt of human sin by suffering as the human representative, and that thus Divine forgiveness was made possible. [Fr. _satisfaire_--L. _satisfac[)e]re_, _satis_, enough, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

SATIVE, s[=a]'tiv, _adj._ sown as in a garden. [L. _sativus_--_ser[)e]re_, to sow.]

SATRAP, s[=a]'trap, or sat'rap, _n._ a Persian viceroy or ruler of one of the greater provinces:--_fem._ S[=A]'TRAPESS.--_adjs._ SAT'RAPAL, relating to a satrap or to a satrapy; S[=A]'TRAP-CROWNED, crested, like the golden-crested wren of North America.--_n._ SAT'RAPY, the government of a satrap. [Gr. _satrap[=e]s_, from Old Pers. _khshatrap[=a]_ or Zend _sh[=o]ithra-paiti_--ruler of a region--_sh[=o]ithra_, a region, _paiti_, a chief.]

SATURATE, sat'[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to fill: to unite with till no more can be received: to fill to excess: to soak: (_opt._) to render pure, or of a colour free from white light.--_adjs._ SAT'[=U]RABLE, that may be saturated; SAT'[=U]RANT, saturating; SAT'[=U]RATE, saturated: (_entom._) very intense, as 'saturate green.'--_ns._ SAT'[=U]R[=A]TER; SAT[=U]R[=A]'TION, act of saturating: state of being saturated: the state of a body when quite filled with another. [L. _satur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_satur_, full, akin to _satis_, enough.]

SATURDAY, sat'ur-d[=a], _n._ the seventh or last day of the week, dedicated by the Romans to Saturn: the Jewish Sabbath. [A.S. _Sæter-dæg_, _Sætern-dæg_, day of Saturn--L. _Saturnus_.]

SATUREIA, sat-[=u]-r[=e]'i-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the order _Labiatæ_--savory.

SATURN, sat'urn, or s[=a]'-, _n._ the ancient Roman god of agriculture: one of the planets: (_her._) a tincture, in colour black.--_n.pl._ SATURN[=A]'LIA, the annual festival in honour of Saturn, a time of unrestrained license and enjoyment.--_adjs._ SATURN[=A]'LIAN, pertaining to the Saturnalia: riotously merry: dissolute; SATUR'NIAN, pertaining to Saturn, whose fabulous reign was called 'the golden age:' happy: pure: simple: denoting the verse in which the oldest Latin poems were written; SAT'URNINE, grave: gloomy: phlegmatic--those born under the planet Saturn being so disposed: pertaining to lead.--_n._ SAT'URNIST (_obs._), a gloomy person.--SATURN'S RING, a ring round and near the planet; SATURN'S TREE, an arborescent deposit of lead from a solution of lead acetate. [_Saturnus_--_ser[)e]re_, _satum_, to sow.]

SATURNIA, s[=a]-tur'ni-a, _n._ a genus of bombycid moths.

SATURNIA, s[=a]-tur'ni-a, _n._ lead poisoning, plumbism.

SATURNITE, sat'ur-n[=i]t, _n._ a mineral substance containing lead.

SATYR, sat'[.e]r, or s[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ a silvan deity, represented as part man and part goat, and extremely wanton: a very lecherous person: a species of butterfly.--_ns._ SAT'YRAL (_her._), a monster with a human head and the limbs of different animals; SATYR[=I]'ASIS, morbid lasciviousness in men, corresponding to nymphomania in women--also SATYROM[=A]'NIA.--_adjs._ SATYR'IC, -AL, pertaining to satyrs.--_ns._ SATYR[=I]'NÆ, the argus butterflies; SATYR'IUM, a genus of small flowered orchids; SAT'YRUS, the genus of orangs--simia. [L. _satyrus_--Gr. _satyros_.]

SAUBA-ANT, saw'ba-ant, _n._ a South American leaf-carrying ant.

SAUCE, saws, _n._ a liquid seasoning for food, consisting of salt, &c.: fruit stewed with sugar: a relish: impudence.--_v.t._ to put sauce in to relish: to make poignant: to gratify the palate: to treat with bitter or pert language: to make suffer.--_ns._ SAUCE'-ALONE', a cruciferous plant with a strong garlic smell, Jack-by-the-hedge; SAUCE'-BOAT, a vessel with a spout for holding sauce; SAUCE'-BOX, an impudent person; SAUCE'-CRAY'ON, a soft, black pastel used for backgrounds; SAUCE'PAN, a pan in which sauce or any small thing is boiled; SAUCE'PAN-FISH, the king-crab.--POOR MAN'S SAUCE, hunger; SERVE ONE WITH THE SAME SAUCE, to requite one injury with another, to make to suffer. [Fr. _sauce_--L. _salsa_, neut. pl. of _salsus_, pa.p. of _sal[=i]re_, _salsum_, to salt--_sal_, salt.]

SAUCER, saw's[.e]r, _n._ the shallow platter for a tea or coffee cup: anything resembling a saucer, as a socket of iron for the pivot of a capstan: (_orig._) a small vessel to hold sauce.--_adj._ SAU'CER-EYED, having large round eyes. [O. Fr. _saussiere_--Low L. _salsarium_--L. _salsa_, sauce.]

SAUCH, SAUGH, sawh, _n._ (_Scot._) the willow. [_Sallow_.]

SAUCISSE, s[=o]-s[=e]s', _n._ a bag filled with powder for use in mines.--Also SAUCISSON'. [Fr.]

SAUCY, saw'si, _adj._ (_comp._ SAU'CIER, _superl._ SAU'CIEST) sharp: pungent: insolent: overbearing: wanton: impudent, pert.--_adv._ SAU'CILY.--_n._ SAU'CINESS. [_Sauce_.]

SAUER-KRAUT, sour'-krout, _n._ a German dish consisting of cabbage sliced fine and suffered to ferment in a cask with salt, juniper-berries, cumin-seed, caraway-seeds, &c. [Ger.]

SAUFGARD, sawf'gärd, _n._ (_Spens._). _Safeguard_.

SAUGER, saw'g[.e]r, _n._ the smaller American pike-fish.

SAUL, a Scotch form of _soul_.

SAULGE, sawlj, _adj._ (_Spens._) sage.

SAULIE, saw'li, _n._ (_Scot._) a hired mourner.--Also SALL'IE.

SAULT, sawlt, _n._ (_obs._) a leap: an assault.

SAULT, s[=o], _n._ a rapid in some Canadian rivers. [Fr.]

SAUNT, a Scotch form of _saint_.

SAUNTER, sawn't[.e]r, _v.i._ to wander about idly: to loiter: to lounge: to stroll: to dawdle.--_n._ a sauntering: a place for sauntering: a leisurely ramble.--_ns._ SAUN'TERER; SAUN'TERING.--_adv._ SAUN'TERINGLY. [M. E. _saunteren_--Anglo-Fr. _sauntrer_, to adventure out. Cf. _Adventure_. Sometimes erroneously explained as from Fr. _sainte terre_, holy land, from pilgrimages.]