Chapter XXXI: Front Matter (31)

UPSEEK, up-s[=e]k', _v.i._ to seek upward.

UPSEND, up-send', _v.t._ to send or throw up.

UPSET, up-set', _v.t._ to turn upside down: to overthrow.--_v.i._ to be upset.--_n._ UP'SET, an overturn.--_adj._ relating to what is set up for sale, in phrase UPSET PRICE, the sum at which anything is started at a public sale.--_ns._ UPSET'MENT; UPSET'TER.--_adj._ UPSET'TING discomposing: (_Scot._) conceited, assuming.

UPSHOOT, up-sh[=oo]t', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to shoot upward.

UPSHOT, up'shot, _n._ final issue: end.

UPSIDE, up's[=i]d, _n._ the upper side.--_adv._ on the upper side.--_adv._ UP'SIDE-DOWN, with the upper part undermost: in complete confusion.--BE UPSIDES WITH (_coll._), to be even with, to be revenged upon.

UPSITTING, up'sit-ing, _n._ (_obs._) the sitting up of a woman after confinement, the feast held on such occasion.

UPSNATCH, up-snach', _v.t._ to snatch up.

UPSOAR, up-s[=o]r', _v.i._ to soar upward.

UPSPEAR, up-sp[=e]r', _v.i._ to shoot up straight like a spear.

UPSPRING, up'spring, _n._ (_Shak._) an upstart.--_v.i._ UPSPRING', to spring up, rise:--_pa.t._ upsprung'.

UPSTAIRS, up-st[=a]rz', _adv._ in or toward the upper story.--_adj._ UP'STAIRS, pertaining to an upper story or flat.--_n._ an upper story.

UPSTAND, up-stand', _v.i._ (_Milt._) to stand up:--_pa.t._ upstood'.

UPSTARE, up-st[=a]r', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to stare upward, to stand up erect.

UPSTART, up'stärt, _adj._ (_Milt._) suddenly raised to prominence or consequence, characteristic of such, pretentious and vulgar.--_n._ one who has suddenly risen from poverty or obscurity to wealth or power.--_v.i._ UPSTART', to start up suddenly.

UPSTAY, up-st[=a]', _v.t._ to stay, sustain, support.

UPSTREAM, up'str[=e]m, _adv._ towards the upper part of a stream.--_v.i._ UPSTREAM', to stream up.

UP-STROKE, up'-str[=o]k, _n._ an upward line made by the pen in writing.

UPSURGE, up-surj', _v.i._ to surge up.

UPSWARM, up-swawrm', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to raise in a swarm.

UPSWAY, up-sw[=a]', _v.t._ to swing up.

UPSWEEP, up-sw[=e]p', _n._ a sweeping upward.

UPSWELL, up-swel', _v.i._ to swell or surge up.

UPTAKE, up't[=a]k, _n._ the act of lifting up: (_prov._) mental apprehension: the upcast pipe from the smoke-box of a steam-boiler towards the chimney.--_v.t._ UPTAKE', to take up.

UPTEAR, up-t[=a]r', _v.t._ to tear up.

UPTHROW, up-thr[=o]', _v.t._ to throw up.--_n._ UP'THROW, an upheaval, an uplift.

UPTHRUST, up'thrust, _n._ a thrust upward, an upheaval of a mass of rock.

UPTHUNDER, up-thun'd[.e]r, _v.i._ to send up a noise like thunder.

UPTIE, up-t[=i]', _v.t._ to tie up: (_Spens._) to twist.

UPTILT, up-tilt', _v.t._ to tilt up.--_adj._ UPTILT'ED.

UPTOSS, up-tos', _v.t._ to toss up.--_adj._ UPTOSSED', tossed upward, greatly agitated.

UPTOWN, up'town, _adj._ situated in the upper part of a town.--_adv._ to or in the upper part of a town.

UPTRACE, up-tr[=a]s', _v.i._ to trace up.

UPTRAIN, up-tr[=a]n', _v.t._ to train up.

UPTRILL, up-tril', _v.t._ to trill in a high voice.

UPTURN, up-turn', _v.t._ to turn up or upward: to throw up.--_v.i._ to turn up.--_n._ UPTUR'NING, the act of throwing up.

UPWAFTED, up-waf'ted, _adj._ borne or wafted upward.

UPWARD, up'ward, _adj._ directed up or to a higher place.--_advs._ UP'WARD, UP'WARDLY, UP'WARDS, toward a higher direction; UP'WAYS, upward.--UPWARD OF, more than, about.

UPWELL, up-wel', _v.i._ to upspring.

UPWHIRL, up-hw[.e]rl', _v.i._ to whirl upward.--_v.t._ to raise upward in a whirling course.

UPWIND, up-w[=i]nd', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to wind up:--_pa.t._ upwound'.

UPWREATHE, up-r[=e]_th_', _v.i._ to rise with a wreathing or curling motion.

UPWROUGHT, up-rawt', _p.adj._ wrought upward.

UR, er, _interj._ a meaningless utterance between the words of hesitating speakers.

URACHUS, [=u]'ra-kus, _n._ one of the ligaments of the bladder formed by the remaining constricted portion of the allantois of the foetus. [Gr. _ourachos_--_ouron_, urine.]

URÆMIA, [=u]-r[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a morbid condition of the blood due to the retention of urea or other waste materials ordinarily excreted from the body by the kidneys--also UR[=E]'MIA.--_adjs._ URÆ'MIC, UR[=E]'MIC, relating to the peculiar symptoms associated with defective excretion of waste products by the kidneys.

URÆUM, [=u]-r[=e]'um, _n._ the posterior half of a bird--opp. to _Stethiæum_:--_pl._ URÆ'A. [Gr. _oura_, a tail.]

URÆUS, [=u]-r[=e]'us, _n._ the serpent emblem of ancient Egyptian divinities and kings, placed on the headdress. [Gr. _ouraios_, of the tail.]

URAL-ALTAIC, [=u]-ral-al-t[=a]'ik, _adj._ pertaining to a racial and linguistic group of peoples, one of the four great branches of the Mongolic stock.

URALITE, [=u]'ral-[=i]t, _n._ a mineral with the crystalline form of augite and the cleavage and specific gravity of hornblende.--_adj._ URALIT'IC.--_n._ URALITIS[=A]'TION, the paramorphic change of augite to hornblende.--_v.t._ U'RALITISE.

URANIA, [=u]-r[=a]'ni-a, _n._ the Muse of astronomy, represented with a celestial globe in her hand, to which she points with a little staff.--_adj._ UR[=A]'NIAN. [L.,--Gr. _ouranios_, heavenly--_ouranos_, heaven.]

URANISCUS, [=u]-ra-nis'kus, _n._ the vault or roof of the mouth. [Gr. _ouraniskos_, dim. of _ouranos_, the vault of heaven.]

URANITE, [=u]'ra-n[=i]t, _n._ a greenish ore of uranium.--_adj._ URANIT'IC.

URANIUM, [=u]-r[=a]'ni-um, _n._ a very hard but moderately malleable metal, resembling nickel or iron in its lustre and colour, but in a finely comminuted state occurring as a black powder.--_adj._ UR[=A]'NIC. [Gr. _ouranos_, heaven.]

URANOGRAPHY, [=u]-ra-nog'ra-fi, _n._ descriptive astronomy, esp. of the constellations.--_adjs._ URAN'IC; URANOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ URANOG'RAPHIST.

URANOMETRY, [=u]-ra-nom'e-tri, _n._ the measurement of the heavens: a description of the groups of constellations.

URANOSCOPY, [=u]'ra-nos-k[=o]-pi, _n._ observation of the heavenly bodies.

URANUS, [=u]'ra-nus, _n._ the name of one of the primary planets. [L.,--Gr. _ouranos_, heaven.]

URAO, [=oo]-rä'[=o], _n._ the natron found in the dried-up beds of South American lakes and streams.

URATE, [=u]'r[=a]t, _n._ a salt of uric acid.--_adj._ URAT'IC, pertaining to the urates.--_ns._ URAT[=O]'MA, a deposit of urates in the tissues; URAT[=O]'SIS, a morbid condition in which this takes place.

URBAN, ur'ban, _adj._ of or belonging to a city.--_adj._ URB[=A]NE', pertaining to, or influenced by, a city: civilised: refined: courteous.--_adv._ URB[=A]NE'LY.--_n._ URBAN'ITY, the quality of being urbane: refinement: politeness.--URBI ET ORBI='to the city and to the world,' a form used in the publication of papal bulls, for the purpose of signifying their formal promulgation to the entire Catholic world, as well as to the city of Rome. [L. _urbanus_--_urbs_, a city.]

URCEOLUS, ur-s[=e]'[=o]-lus, _n._ a monopetalous corolla with a contracted orifice: the external case or sheath of a rotifer.--_n._ URC[=E][=O]L[=A]'RIA, a genus of gymnocarpous lichens with urceolate apothecia.--_adjs._ URCEOL[=A]'RIAN; UR'CEOL[=A]TE, pitcher-shaped: having an urceolus, as a rotifer.--_n._ UR'CEUS, a ewer for holding water for washing. [L. _urceolus_, dim. of _urceus_, a pitcher.]

URCHIN, ur'chin, _n._ a hedgehog: a mischievous child, an elf, fairy.--_adj._ elfish, mischievous. [O. Fr. _eriçon_ (Fr. _hérisson_)--L. _ericius_, a hedgehog.]

URDÉ, ur-d[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) pointed, as a cross, or having a point projected, as a bend: varriated. [Fr.,--Old High Ger. _ort_, a point.]

URDÚ, [=oo]r'd[=oo], _n._ Hindustani, a peculiar and important form of Hindi--now a kind of _lingua franca_ for the whole of India.

URE, [=u]r, _n._ (_obs._) practice, operation.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to work, exercise.

UREA, [=u]'r[=e]-a, _n._ a readily soluble colourless crystalline compound formed in the tissues during the disintegration of proteid material, and carried by the blood to the kidneys, which separate it and pass it off in the urine.--_adj._ U'R[=E]AL, pertaining to urea.--_ns._ UREAM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the amount of urea in in urine; UREAM'ETRY. [Gr. _ouron_, urine.]

UREDO, [=u]-r[=e]'d[=o], _n._ a form-genus or stage of fungi of order _Uredineæ_.--_adjs._ UREDIN'EOUS, URED'INOUS; UR[=E]'DOFORM.--_n._ UR[=E]'DOSPORE.--_adj._ UREDOSPOR'IC.

URENA, [=u]-r[=e]'na, _n._ a genus of _Malvaceæ_--the Indian mallow.

URETER, [=u]-r[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ the duct which conveys the urine from the kidneys to the bladder.--_adjs._ UR[=E]'TAL, UR[=E]'TERAL, UR[=E]TER'IC.--_n._ UR[=E]TER[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the ureter. [Gr.,--_ouron_, urine.]

URETHRA, [=u]-r[=e]'thra, _n._ the canal by which the urine is discharged from the bladder:--_pl._ UR[=E]'THRÆ.--_adjs._ UR[=E]'THRAL; UR[=E]THRIT'IC affected with urethritis.--_n._ UR[=E]THR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the urethra. [Gr.,--_ouron_, urine.]

URF, urf, _n._ (_Scot._) a stunted child.

URGE, urj, _v.t._ to press in any way: to drive: to press earnestly: to solicit earnestly: to provoke.--_v.i._ to incite: to insist: to make allegations.--_n._ act of urging.--_n._ UR'GENCY, quality of being urgent: earnest asking: pressing necessity.--_adj._ UR'GENT, urging: pressing with importunity: calling for immediate attention: earnest.--_adv._ UR'GENTLY.--_n._ UR'GER. [L. _urg[=e]re_, to press.]

URIA, [=u]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of _Alcidæ_--the guillemots and murres.

URICONIAN, [=u]-ri-k[=o]'ni-an, _n._ the name applied to a series of volcanic rocks of which the Wrekin is composed. [_Uriconium_, a Roman station on the site of which Wroxeter in Shropshire stands.]

URILE, [=u]'ril, _n._ a kind of cormorant.

URIM, [=u]'rim, THUMMIM, thum'im, _ns.pl._ first mentioned in Exod. xxviii. 30, in connection with the High-priest's breastplate, apparently a pair of objects used at critical junctures as a kind of traditional oracle, but which could not always be counted on for an answer (1 Sam. xxviii. 6).

URINE, [=u]'rin, _n._ the fluid which is secreted or separated by the kidneys from the blood and conveyed to the bladder--the principal means of removing the worn-out tissues, esp. the nitrogenous and saline matters, from the system.--_n._ UR[=E]'SIS, a frequent desire to make water.--_adj._ U'RIC, pertaining to, or obtained from, urine.--_ns._ URICÆ'MIA, lithemia; URIDR[=O]'SIS, the excretion of urea in the sweat; URINÆ'MIA, the contamination of the blood with urinary deposits; U'RINAL, a vessel for urine: a convenience for discharging urine.--_adjs._ U'RINANT (_her._) diving; U'RINARY, pertaining to, or like, urine.--_n._ a reservoir for keeping urine.--_v.i._ U'RINATE, to discharge urine.--_n._ URIN[=A]'TION.--_adj._ U'RIN[=A]TIVE.--_n._ U'RIN[=A]TOR, a diver.--_adjs._ URINAT[=O]'RIAL; URINIF'EROUS, conveying urine; URINIF'IC, secreting urine; URINIP'AROUS, producing urine.--_ns._ URINOL'OGY, the scientific knowledge of urine; URINOM'ETER, an instrument for weighing urine.--_adj._ URINOMET'RIC.--_n._ URINOM'ETRY.--_adj._ URINOSCOP'IC.--_n._ U'RINOSCOPY, inspection of urine.--_adjs._ U'RINOSE, U'RINOUS, relating to urine: partaking of the qualities of urine: like urine.--_ns._ U'ROCHROME, a yellow pigment of the urine; URODIAL'YSIS, a partial suppression of urine; UROGAS'TER, the urinary passages collectively.--_adjs._ UROGEN'ITAL, pertaining to the urinary and genital organs--also URINOGEN'ITAL, URINOGEN'ITARY, _Genito-urinary_; UROG'ENOUS, producing urine.--_ns._ UROLITH[=I]'ASIS, lithiasis; UROL'OGY, urinology; U'ROMANCY, divination by urine; UROPL[=A]'NIA, the abnormal presence of urine in any part of the body; UROPOI[=E]'SIS, the formation of urine.--_adj._ UROPOIET'IC.--_ns._ URORRH[=A]'GIA, excessive micturation; URORRH[=E]'A, URORRHOE'A, involuntary passage of urine.--_adj._ UROSCOP'IC (same as URINOSCOPIC).--_ns._ U'ROSC[=O]PIST, one skilled in urinoscopy; U'ROSCOPY (same as urinoscopy); UR[=O]'SIS, any disease of the urinary organs. [Fr.,--L. _urina_; cog. with Gr. _ouron_, Sans. _v[=a]ri_, water.]

URITE, [=u]'r[=i]t, _n._ the sternite of an abdominal segment of an insect. [Gr. _oura_, a tail.]

URMAN, ur'man, _n._ a large tract of swampy coniferous forest in Siberia. [Tatar.]

URN, urn, _n._ a rounded or angular vase having a foot, a water vessel, an electoral vase, a tea-urn, &c.: a vessel in which the ashes of the dead were anciently deposited, hence the grave.--_v.t._ to enclose in an urn.--_adj._ URN'AL.--_n._ URN'FUL, as much as an urn will hold.--_adj._ URN'-SHAPED, having the shape of an urn. [L. _urna_, an urn--_ur[)e]re_, to burn.]

UROCARDIAC, [=u]-r[=o]-kar'di-ak, _adj._ pertaining to the posterior part of the cardiac division of the stomach of the crayfish and some other crustaceans.

UROCHORD, [=u]'r[=o]-kord, _n._ the caudal chord of an ascidian or tunicate.--_adjs._ UROCHOR'DAL, UROCHOR'D[=A]TE.

UROCHROA, [=u]-rok'r[=o]-a, _n._ a genus of humming-birds in Ecuador. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _chroa_, colour.]

UROCISSA, [=u]-r[=o]-sis'a, _n._ a genus of Asiatic _Corvidæ_, with very long tail. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _kissa_, magpie.]

UROCYON, [=u]-ros'i-on, _n._ a genus of canine quadrupeds, the type of which is the common gray fox of the United States. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _ky[=o]n_, dog.]

UROCYST, [=u]'r[=o]-sist, _n._ the urinary bladder.--_adj._ UROCYST'IC. [Gr. _ouron_, urine, _kystis_, bladder.]

URODELE, [=u]'r[=o]-d[=e]l, _adj._ tailed, as an amphibian.--Also UROD[=E]'LAN, UROD[=E]'LIAN, UROD[=E]'LOUS. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _d[=e]los_, plain.]

UROGASTRIC, [=u]-r[=o]-gas'trik, _adj._ pertaining to the posterior pair of divisions of the gastric lobe of the dorsal surface of the carapace of a crab: pertaining to the urogaster (see under URINE). [Gr. _ouron_, urine, _gast[=e]r_, the stomach.]

UROHYAL, [=u]-r[=o]-h[=i]'al, _n._ the tail-piece of the composite hyoid bone.--_adj._ pertaining to this.

UROMERE, [=u]'r[=o]-m[=e]r, _n._ a caudal segment of an arthropod.--_adj._ UROMER'IC. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _meros_, part.]

UROPOD, [=u]'r[=o]-pod, _n._ any abdominal limb of an arthropod.--_adj._ UROP'ODAL. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _pous_, _podos_, foot.]

UROPYGIUM, [=u]-r[=o]-pij'i-um, _n._ the rump in birds.--_adj._ UROPYG'IAL. [Gr. _orrhos_, rump, _pyg[=e]_, buttocks.]

UROPYLORIC, [=u]-r[=o]-p[=i]-lor'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the posterior part of the pyloric division of the stomach of the crayfish and some other crustaceans.

UROSACRAL, [=u]-r[=o]-s[=a]'kral, _adj._ pertaining to the sacrum and to the coccyx.--_n._ UROS[=A]'CRUM.

UROSOME, [=u]'r[=o]-s[=o]m, _n._ the terminal somatome of a vertebrate: the post-thoracic region of the body of an arthropod.--_n._ UROS[=O]'MITE, one of the somites of the urosome.--_adj._ UROSOMIT'IC. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _s[=o]ma_, body.]

UROSTEGE, [=u]'r[=o]-st[=e]j, _n._ one of the special scales on the under side of a snake's tail--also U'ROSTEGITE.--_adj._ U'ROST[=E]GAL. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _steg[=e]_, a roof.]

UROSTEON, [=u]-ros't[=e]-on, _n._ a median posterior ossification of the sternum of some birds. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _osteon_, bone.]

UROSTERNITE, [=u]-r[=o]-ster'n[=i]t, _n._ the sternite of any somite of the urosome of an arthropod.

UROSTHENE, [=u]'r[=o]-sth[=e]n, _n._ an animal whose strength rests mainly in its tail.--_adj._ UROSTHEN'IC. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _sthenos_, strength.]

UROSTYLE, [=u]'r[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ a prolongation backward of the last vertebra.--_adj._ UROSTY'LAR. [Gr. _oura_, tail, _stylos_, column.]

UROTOXIC, [=u]-ro-tok'sik, _adj._ pertaining to poisons eliminated in the urine. [Gr. _ouron_. urine, _toxikon_, poison.]

URRY, ur'i, _n._ a dark clay near a bed of coal. [Prob. Gael. _uirlach_--_uir_, earth.]

URSINE, ur'sin, _adj._ of or resembling a bear: thickly clothed with bristles, as certain caterpillars.--_n._ a bear.--_n._ UR'SA, the name of two constellations, _Ursa-Major_ and _Ursa-Minor_, the Great and the Little Bear.--_adj._ UR'SIFORM, in appearance like a bear.--_n.pl._ UR'SINÆ, the bears proper. [L.,--_ursus_, a bear.]

URSON, ur'sun, _n._ a rodent nearly allied to the porcupine, and often called the Canada Porcupine.

URSULINE, ur's[=u]-lin, _adj._ of or pertaining to _St Ursula_, esp. pertaining to the female teaching order founded by St Angela Merici of Brescia in 1537.

URTICA, ur'ti-ka, _n._ the genus of nettles, order _Urticaceæ_.--_adjs._ URTIC[=A]'CEOUS, relating to nettles; UR'TICAL, pertaining to the nettles.--_n._ URTIC[=A]'RIA, nettle-rash, hives.--_adjs._ URTIC[=A]'RIAL, URTIC[=A]'RIOUS.--_v.t._ UR'TICATE, to sting, as with nettles.--_n._ URTIC[=A]'TION. [L. _urtica_, a nettle.]

URUBU, [=oo]'r[=oo]-b[=oo], _n._ an American vulture. [Braz.]

URUS, [=u]'rus, _n._ the Latin name of the wild ox, which in the time of Julius Cæsar was abundant in European forests--the _Aurochs_ of the Germans, and the ancestor of the European domesticated cattle. [L.]

URVA, ur'va, _n._ the ichneumon of northern India.

URVED, urvd, _adj._ (_her._) turned upward.--Also UR'VANT.

US, us, _pron._ the objective case of _we_.--_adv._ US'WARD, toward us. [A.S.]

USAGE, [=u]'z[=a]j, _n._ act or mode of using: treatment: practice: custom.--_ns._ U'SAGER, one of the non-jurors who maintained 'the usages'--mixed chalices, oblation in prayer of consecration, and prayer for the dead. [Fr.,--Low L.,--L. _usus_.]

USE, [=u]z, _v.t._ to put to some purpose: to avail one's self of: to habituate: to treat or behave toward.--_v.i._ to be accustomed.--_adj._ U'SABLE, that may be used.--_ns._ U'SABLENESS; U'SEE, one for whose use a suit is brought in another's name; U'SER.--USE ONE'S SELF (_Shak._), to behave; USE UP, to consume, to exhaust, to tire out. [Fr. _user_--L. _uti_, _usus_, to use.]

USE, [=u]s, _n._ act of using or putting to a purpose: convenience: employment: need: advantage: practice: common occurrence: a distinctive form of public worship or service peculiar to a church, diocese, &c.: custom: interest for money.--_n._ US'ANCE (_obs._), use, usage, employment: (_Shak._) usury, interest for money: the time allowed by usage for the payment of a bill of exchange.--_adj._ USE'FUL, full of use or advantage: able to do good: serviceable.--_adv._ USE'FULLY.--_n._ USE'FULNESS.--_adj._ USE'LESS, having no use: answering no good purpose or the end proposed.--_adv._ USE'LESSLY.--_n._ USE'LESSNESS.--_n.pl._ US'ES, a form of equitable ownership peculiar to English law by which one person enjoys the profits of lands, &c., the legal title to which is vested in another in trust.--USE AND WONT, the customary practice.--HAVE NO USE FOR (_U.S._), to have no liking for; IN USE, in employment or practice; MADE USE OF, to use, to employ; OF NO USE, useless; OF USE, useful; OUT OF USE, not used or employed. [L. _usus_--_uti_.]

USHER, ush'[.e]r, _n._ one who meets people at the door of a hall, &c., and conducts them to seats, an officer whose business it is to introduce strangers or to walk before a person of rank: an under-teacher or assistant.--_v.t._ to introduce: to forerun.--_ns._ USH'ERANCE; USH'ERDOM, USH'ERSHIP.--_adjs._ USH[=E]'RIAN; USH'ERLESS. [O. Fr. _ussier_ (Fr. _huissier_)--L. _ostiarius_, a door-keeper--_ostium_, a door.]

USITATE, [=u]'zi-t[=a]t, _adj._ according to custom.--_adj._ USIT[=A]'TIVE, expressing usual action.

USQUEBAUGH, us'kw[=e]-baw, _n._ whisky. [Ir. and Gael. _uisgebeatha_, _uisge_, water, _beatha_, life.]

USTILAGO, us-ti-l[=a]'g[=o], _n._ a genus of parasitic fungi, causing _smut_.--_adj._ USTILAGIN'EOUS.

USTION, us'ti-on, _n._ the act of burning, cauterisation by burning.--_adjs._ UST[=O]'RIOUS, burning; US'TULATE, coloured by burning.--_n._ USTUL[=A]'TION, burning.

USUAL, [=u]'zh[=u]-al, _adj._ in use: occurring in ordinary use: common.--_adv._ U'SUALLY.--_n._ U'SUALNESS. [L. _usualis_.]

USUCAPTION, [=u]-z[=u]-kap'shun, _n._ (_law_) the acquisition of property in anything by possession and enjoyment for a certain term of years.--_n._ USUC[=A]'PIENT, one who has acquired rights by usucaption.--_v.t._ U'SUCAPT, to acquire so.--_adj._ USUCAPT'IBLE. [L. _usus_, use, _cap[)e]re_, _captum_, to take.]

USUFRUCT, [=u]'z[=u]-frukt; _n._ the use and profit, but not the property, of a thing: liferent.--_v.t._ to hold in usufruct.--_adj._ USUFRUC'TUARY.--_n._ one who holds property for use by usufruct. [L. _usus-fructus_--_usus_, use, _fructus_, fruit.]

USURP, [=u]-zurp', _v.t._ to take possession of by force without right.--_n._ USURP[=A]'TION, act of usurping: unlawful seizure and possession: intrusion into an office.--_adj._ USUR'PATORY.--_ns._ USUR'P[=A]TRIX, a female usurper; USUR'PATURE, usurpation.--_adv._ USUR'PEDLY.--_n._ USUR'PER.--_adj._ USUR'PING.--_adv._ USUR'PINGLY. [Fr.,--L. _usurp[=a]re_, perh. contr. from _usu-rap[)e]re_, to seize to one's own use--_usus_, use, _rap[)e]re_, to seize; or from _usum rump[)e]re_, to break a use.]

USURY, [=u]'zh[=u]-ri, _n._ the taking of iniquitous or illegal interest on a loan, formerly interest of any kind on money lent.--_v.i._ U'SURE (_Shak._), to practise usury.--_n._ U'SURER (_orig._, and in _B._), any money-lender for interest: one who practises usury.--_adj._ US[=U]'RIOUS.--_adv._ US[=U]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ US[=U]'RIOUSNESS. [L. _usura_--_uti_, _usus_, to use.]

UTA, [=u]'ta, _n._ a genus of small American lizards. [From _Utah_.]

UTAS, [=u]'tas, _n._ (_obs._) the time between a festival and the eighth day after it: festivity, stir.--Also U'TIS. [Through O. Fr. from L. _octo_, eight.]

UTENSIL, [=u]-ten'sil, _n._ an instrument or vessel used in common life. [Fr. _utensile_--L. _utensilis_, fit for use--_uti_, to use.]

UTERINE, [=u]'te-rin, _adj._ pertaining to the womb: born of the same mother by a different father.--_ns._ UTER[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the womb; U'TEROGEST[=A]'TION, the progressive development of the embryo within the womb; UTEROM[=A]'NIA, nymphomania; U'TERUS, the womb. [Fr. _uterin_--L. _uterinis_--_uterus_, the womb.]

UTGARD, ut'gard, _n._ (_Scand. myth._) the abode of the giant _Utgard-_Loki on the other side of the great sea which surrounds Midgard, the earth.

UTILISE, [=u]'ti-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to make useful: to put to profitable use.--_adj._ U'TIL[=I]SABLE.--_ns._ UTILIS[=A]'TION; U'TILISER; UTIL'ITY, usefulness: profit: a useful thing; UTIL'ITY-MAN, an actor of one of the least important parts in a play. [Fr. _utiliser_--L. _uti_.]

UTILITARIAN, [=u]-til-i-t[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ consisting in, or pertaining to, utility or to utilitarianism.--_n._ one who holds utilitarianism.--_v.t._ UTILIT[=A]'RIANISE, to make to serve a utilitarian purpose.--_ns._ UTILIT[=A]'RIANISM, the ethical theory which finds the basis of moral distinctions in the utility of actions, i.e. their fitness to produce happiness.

UTMOST, ut'm[=o]st, _adj._ outmost: farthest out: most distant: last: in the greatest degree: highest.--_n._ the greatest that can be: the greatest effort. [A.S. _útemest_, formed with double superlative suffix _-m-est_ from _úte_, out.]

UTOPIAN, [=u]-t[=o]'pi-an, _adj._ imaginary: fanciful: chimerical.--_n._ one who advocates impracticable reforms or who expects an impossible state of perfection in society.--_ns._ UT[=O]'PIANISER; UT[=O]'PIANISM; UT[=O]'PIAST.--_adj._ UTOP'ICAL (_obs._).--_ns._ U'T[=O]PISM, utopianism; U'T[=O]PIST, a utopian. [From _Utopia_, lit. 'nowhere'--Gr. _ou_, not, _topos_, place, an imaginary island represented by Sir T. More in his famous political romance, or rather satire (Lat. 1516, Eng. 1551), as enjoying perfection in politics, laws, &c., community of goods, freedom of creed, &c.]

UTRAQUISM, [=u]'tra-kwizm, _n._ the doctrine of the U'TRAQUISTS or Calixtines, who asserted the right to communicate in both kinds--_sub utraque specie_.

UTRICLE, [=u]'tri-kl, _n._ a little bag, bladder, or cell.--_adjs._ UTRIC'[=U]LAR, UTRIC'[=U]LATE, containing or furnished with utricles; UTRIC[=U]LIF'EROUS, producing utricles; UTRIC'[=U]LIFORM, shaped like a utricle; UTRIC'[=U]LOID; UTRIC'[=U]LOSE.--_n._ UTRIC'[=U]LUS, any small pear-shaped sac. [L. _utriculus_, dim. of _uter_, _utris_, a bag.]

UTRICULARIA, [=u]-trik-[=u]-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ the genus of bladderworts. [L. _utriculus_, a bag.]

UTRIFORM, [=u]'tri-form, _adj._ having the shape of a leather bottle. [L. _uter_, a leather bottle, _forma_, form.]

UTTER, ut'[.e]r, _adj._ farthest out: extreme: total: perfect.--_adv._ UTT'ERLY.--_n._ UTT'ERNESS, quality of being extreme. [A.S. _útor_, outer--_út_, out.]

UTTER, ut'[.e]r, _v.t._ to circulate: to publish abroad: to speak.--_adj._ UTT'ERABLE, that may be uttered or expressed.--_ns._ UTT'ERABLENESS; UTT'ERANCE, act of uttering: manner of speaking: pronunciation: expression; UTT'ERER; UTT'ERING, circulation.--_adj._ UTT'ERLESS, that cannot be uttered in words. [A.S. _útian_, to put out--_út_, out.]

UTTERANCE, ut'[.e]r-ans, _n._ (_Shak._) extremity, deadly contention. [Fr. _outrance_--_outre_, beyond--L. _ultra_, beyond.]

UTTERMOST, ut'[.e]r-m[=o]st, _adj._ farthest out: utmost.--_n._ the greatest degree. [Same as _utmost_, the _r_ being intrusive, and _t_ being doubled on the analogy of _utter_.]

UVA, [=u]'va, _n._ a name for such succulent indehiscent fruits as have a central placenta. [L. _uva_, a cluster of grapes.]

UVEA, [=u]'v[=e]-a, _n._ the vascular tunic of the eye--iris, ciliary body, and choroid.--_adjs._ U'VEAL, U'VEOUS. [L. _uva_, a bunch of grapes.]

UVEOUS, [=u]'v[=e]-us, _adj._ resembling a grape. [From L. _uva_, a grape.]

UVULA, [=u]'v[=u]-la, _n._ the fleshy conical body suspended from the palate over the back part of the tongue.--_adj._ U'V[=U]LAR.--_adv._ U'V[=U]LARLY, with thick utterance. [L. _uva_, a bunch of grapes.]

UXORIOUS, uk-s[=o]'ri-us, _adj._ excessively or submissively fond of a wife.--_adjs._ UX[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a wife; UX[=O]'RICIDAL, pertaining to uxoricide.--_n._ UX[=O]'RICIDE, one who kills his wife: the killing of a wife.--_adv._ UX[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ UX[=O]'RIOUSNESS. [L. _uxorius_--_uxor_, a wife.]

UZBEG, uz'beg, _n._ a member of the Turkish family of Tartars in Turkestan, their blood in some places mixed with a Tajik (or Aryan) strain, elsewhere with Kiptchak, Kalmuck, and Kirghiz elements.

* * * * *

V the twenty-second letter of our alphabet, a differentiated form of _U_--in sound it is a labio-dental and closely related to _F_. As a Roman numeral V=5; [=V]=5000.

VACANT, v[=a]'kant, _adj._ empty: free: not occupied by an incumbent or possessor: not occupied with study, &c.: thoughtless, inane.--_n._ V[=A]'CANCY, emptiness: idleness: empty space, void or gap between bodies: a situation unoccupied: (_Shak._) unoccupied or leisure time.--_adv._ V[=A]'CANTLY.--_v.t._ VAC[=A]TE', to leave empty: to quit possession of: (_obs._) to annul, to make useless.--_ns._ VAC[=A]'TION, a vacating or making void or invalid: freedom from, duty, &c.: recess: break in the sittings of law-courts: school and college holidays; VAC[=A]'TIONIST, one travelling for pleasure.--_adj._ VAC[=A]'TIONLESS.--_n._ VAC[=A]'TUR, the act of annulling in law. [Fr.,--L. _vacans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _vac[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to be empty.]

VACCINATE, vak'si-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to inoculate with the cowpox as a preventive against smallpox.--_adjs._ VACCIG'ENOUS, producing vaccine; VAC'CINAL, pertaining to vaccine or to vaccination.--_ns._ VACCIN[=A]'TION; VAC'CIN[=A]TOR, one who vaccinates.--_adj._ VAC'CINE, pertaining to or derived from cows: of or relating to vaccinia or vaccination.--_n._ the virus of cowpox or vaccinia used in the process of vaccination.--_n._ VACCIN'IA, an eruptive disease occurring in cattle--also VACC[=I]'NA. [L. _vacc[=i]nus_--_vacca_, a cow.]

VACHERY, vash'[.e]r-i, _n._ a dairy.

VACILLATE, vas'i-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to sway to and fro: to waver: to be unsteady.--_adjs._ VAC'ILLANT, vacillating; VAC'ILL[=A]TING, inclined to fluctuate: wavering: unsteady.--_adv._ VAC'ILL[=A]TINGLY.--_n._ VACILL[=A]'TION, act of vacillating.--_adj._ VAC'ILL[=A]TORY, wavering. [L. _vacill[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

VACUOUS, vak'[=u]-us, _adj._ empty, void: without intelligence, unexpressive.--_v.t._ VAC'U[=A]TE, to make empty.--_ns._ VACU[=A]'TION; VAC'UIST, one who thinks there are empty spaces in nature; VAC[=U]'ITY, emptiness: space unoccupied: idleness, listlessness; VAC'U[=O]LE, a very small cavity in the tissue of organisms; VAC'UOUSNESS; VAC'[=U]UM, vacant or empty space: a space empty or devoid of all matter:--_pl._ VAC'[=U]A; VAC'[=U]UM-BRAKE, a brake working on the principle of keeping up a vacuum in a continuous pipe or pipes extending under the train, and in brake-cylinders connected to them under each vehicle, the air being sucked out by ejectors or pumps on the locomotive; VAC'[=U]UM-GAUGE, a gauge for indicating to what extent a vacuum is produced; VAC'[=U]UM-PAN, a vessel for boiling saccharine juices in a partial vacuum in sugar-making; VAC'[=U]UM-TUBE, a sealed glass tube in which a vacuum has been made, employed to examine the effects of a discharge of electricity through air or gas rarefied or exhausted. [L. _vacuus_, empty.]

VADE, v[=a]d, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to fade. [_Fade_.]

VADE-MECUM, v[=a]'d[=e]-m[=e]'kum, _n._ a hand-book, pocket-companion. [L., 'go with me'--_vad[)e]re_, to go, _me_, abl. of _ego_, I, _cum_, with.]

VADIUM, v[=a]'di-um, _n._ (_Scots law_) a wad or surety. [L. _vas_, _vadis_.]

VAG, vag, _n._ (_prov._) turf for fuel.

VAGABOND, vag'a-bond, _adj._ wandering: having no settled home: driven to and fro: unsettled.--_n._ one who wanders without any settled habitation: a wandering, idle fellow: a scamp, a rascal.--_n._ VAG'ABONDAGE.--_v.t._ VAG'ABONDISE, to wander like a vagabond.--_adj._ VAG'ABONDISH.--_n._ VAG'ABONDISM. [Fr.,--Low L.,--_vag[=a]ri_, to wander--_vagus_, wandering.]

VAGARY, va-g[=a]'ri, _n._ a wandering of the thoughts: a wild freak: a whim:--_pl._ VAG[=A]'RIES.--_n._ VAG[=A]'RIAN, a person with vagaries.--_adjs._ VAG[=A]'RIOUS; VAG[=A]'RISH.--_n._ VAGAR'ITY, irregularity, capriciousness.

VAGINA, v[=a]-j[=i]'na, _n._ (_anat._) the canal or passage which leads from the external orifice to the uterus, a sheath, case: the upper part of the pedestal of a terminus: (_bot._) a leaf-stalk when it becomes thin and rolls round the stem to which it then forms a stalk, as in grasses.--_adjs._ VAG'INAL; VAG'INANT (_bot._), investing as a sheath; VAG'IN[=A]TE, -D (_bot._), invested by the tubular base of a leaf or leaf-stalk, as a stem: denoting a certain order of sheathed polypes; VAGINIC'OLINE, VAGINIC'OLOUS, living in a vagina; VAGINIF'EROUS, bearing a vagina; VAGINIPENN'ATE, VAGINOPENN'OUS, sheath-winged.--_ns._ VAGINIS'MUS, spasmodic contraction of the vagina; VAGIN[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the vagina; VAGINOT'OMY, cutting of the vagina; VAGIN'[=U]LA, VAG'INULE, a diminutive vagina.--_adj._ VAGIN'ULATE, having a vaginula, sheathed. [L., 'a sheath.']

VAGITUS, v[=a]-j[=i]'tus, _n._ the cry of a new-born child. [L.,--_vag[=i]re_, to cry.]

VAGOUS, v[=a]'gus, _adj._ wandering.

VAGRANT, v[=a]'grant, _adj._ wandering without any settled dwelling: unsettled: uncertain, erratic: (_med._) wandering.--_n._ one who has no settled home: an idle or disorderly person: a beggar.--_ns._ V[=A]'GRANCY, V[=A]'GRANTNESS (_rare_), the state of being a vagrant: life and habits of a vagrant.--_adv._ V[=A]'GRANTLY. [L. _vagans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _vag[=a]ri_, to wander; with _r_ intruded.]

VAGROM, v[=a]'grom, (_Shak._) Dogberry's perverted spelling and pronunciation of _vagrant_.

VAGUE, v[=a]g, _adj._ unsettled: indefinite: uncertain: of doubtful origin: not thinking clearly.--_v.i._ (_obs._) to wander.--_n._ indefinite expanse.--_adv._ VAGUE'LY.--_n._ VAGUE'NESS. [Fr.,--L. _vagus_, wandering.]

VAGUS, v[=a]'gus, _n._ the tenth cranial nerve or wandering nerve, the longest and most widely extended of the nerves of the brain:--_pl._ V[=A]'G[=I].

VAIDIC, v[=a]'dik, _adj._ Same as VEDIC.

VAIL, v[=a]l. Same as VEIL.

VAIL, v[=a]l, _v.t._ to let fall.--_v.i._ to yield: to drop, move down.--_n._ (_Shak._) submission, decline.--_n._ VAIL'ER. [Contr. from _avale_; cf. _Avalanche_.]

VAIL, v[=a]l', _v.i._ (_poet._) to profit, avail.--_n.pl._ VAILS, money given to servants by a visitor--also VALES. [Contr. from _avail_.]

VAIN, v[=a]n, _adj._ unsatisfying: fruitless: unreal: silly: conceited: showy: (_B._) vacant, worthless.--_adv._ VAIN'LY.--_ns._ VAIN'NESS, fruitlessness: (_Shak._) empty pride, folly; VAN'ITY, worthlessness, futility: empty pride or ostentation: ambitious display: idle show: empty pleasure: fruitless desire, a trifle: (_Shak._) a personified vice in the old moralities and puppet-shows: (_B._) a heathen deity.--VANITY FAIR, the world as the scene of vanity or empty folly, the world of fashion, so named from the fair described in Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_.--IN VAIN, FOR VAIN (_Shak._), ineffectually: to no end: with levity or profanity. [Fr.,--L. _vanus_, empty.]

VAINGLORY, v[=a]n-gl[=o]'ri, _n._ vain or empty glory in one's own performances: pride above desert.--_v.i._ to boast vainly.--_adj._ VAINGL[=O]'RIOUS, given to vainglory: proceeding from vanity.--_adv._ VAINGL[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ VAINGL[=O]'RIOUSNESS.

VAIR, v[=a]r, _n._ (_her._) a kind of fur, the skin of the squirrel, bluish-gray on the back and white on the belly, represented by blue and white shields or bells in horizontal rows.--_adjs._ VAIRÉ, VAIRY (v[=a]'ri), charged or variegated with vair. [O. Fr.,--L. _varius_, variegated.]

VAISHNAVA, v[=i]sh'na-va, _n._ a worshipper of _Vishnu_, the Vaishnavas forming one of the great sects of Brahmanism. [Sans.,--_Vishnu_, Vishnu.]

VAISYA, v[=i]s'ya, _n._ a member of the third caste among the Hindus. [Sans. _vaiçya_--_viç_, settler.]

VAIVODE, WAYWODE=_Voivode_.

VAKASS, va-kas', _n._ a semicircular eucharistic vestment in Armenian use--also called _Ephod_.

VAKE, v[=a]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to be vacant.

VAKEEL, VAKIL, va-k[=e]l', _n._ a native attorney or agent in the East Indies. [Hind.,--Ar. _vak[=i]l_.]

VALANCE, val'ans, _n._ hanging drapery for a bed, &c.--also VAL'ENCE.--_v.t._ to decorate with such. [From _Valence_--L. _Valentia_, in France.]

VALDENSES=_Waldenses_.

VALE, v[=a]l, _n._ a tract of low ground, esp. between hills: a valley. [Fr. _val_--L. _vallis_, a vale.]

VALEDICTION, val-[=e]-dik'shun, _n._ a farewell.--_adj._ VALEDIC'TORY, saying farewell: farewell: taking leave.--_n._ a farewell oration spoken at American graduations by the graduating person of highest rank, often called the VALEDICT[=O]'RIAN. [L. _valedic[)e]re_, _-dictum_--_vale_, farewell, _dic[)e]re_, to say.]

VALENCE, v[=a]'lens, _n._ (_chem._) the combining power of an element, or the proportion in which it forms a combination with another.--Also V[=A]'LENCY. [From L. _val[=e]re_, to be strong.]

VALENCIENNES, va-long-si-enz', _n._ a kind of lace made at _Valenciennes_ in France.

VALENTINE, val'en-t[=i]n, _n._ a lover or sweetheart chosen on St Valentine's Day, 14th February: a love-letter or other amatory print sent on that day. [O. Fr. _valentin_, a young person betrothed on the first Sunday in Lent, perh. from a form _valant_, equiv. to _galant_, gallant, but commonly identified with the name of St _Valentine_, on whose day the choice of valentines came to be made, because birds on that day were supposed to choose their mates.]

VALENTINIAN, val-en-tin'i-an, _n._ one of a Gnostic sect founded by _Valentinus_ (died c. 160 A.D.).--_adj._ belonging to the foregoing.--_n._ VALENTIN'IANISM.

VALERIAN, va-l[=e]'ri-an, _n._ the plant all-heal, the root of which is used in medicine.--_adj._ VAL'ERIC, pertaining to or obtained from the root of valerian. [O. Fr.,--L. _val[=e]re_, to be strong.]

VALET, val'et, or val'[=a], _n._ a man-servant, esp. one who attends on a gentleman's person.--_v.t._ to act as valet to.--_n._ VALET DE PLACE, in France, one who offers his services as guide, messenger, &c. for hire, esp. to strangers. [O. Fr.,--_vaslet_, later also _varlet_--Low L. _vassalettus_, dim. of _vassalis_, a vassal.]

VALETUDINARIAN, val-[=e]-t[=u]-di-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to ill-health: sickly: weak--also VALET[=U]'DINARY.--_n._ a person of weak health.--_ns._ VALET[=U]'DINARINESS, VALET[=U]DIN[=A]'RIANISM, the condition of a valetudinarian: weak health; VALETUDIN[=A]'RIUM, an ancient Roman hospital. [L. _valetudinarius_--_valetudo_, state of health--_val[=e]re_, to be strong.]

VALGUS, val'gus, _n._ a bow-legged man: a form of club-foot--_talipes valgus_:--_pl._ VAL'GI (-j[=i]). [L.]

VALHALLA, val-hal'la, _n._ (_Scand. myth._) the palace of immortality for the souls of heroes slain in battle: an edifice forming the final resting-place of the heroes of a nation. [Ice. _valhöll_, 'the hall of the slain'--_valr_, the slain, conn. with A.S. _wæl_, slaughter, Ice. _höll_, hall.]

VALIANT, val'yant, _adj._ strong: brave: intrepid in danger: heroic.--_n._ (_obs._) a valiant person.--_ns._ VAL'IANCE, VAL'IANCY.--_adv._ VAL'IANTLY, bravely.--_n._ VAL'IANTNESS, courage. [Fr. _vaillant_--L. _valens_, _valentis_, pr.p. of _val[=e]re_, to be strong.]

VALID, val'id, _adj._ strong: having sufficient strength or force: founded in truth: sound: conclusive: (_law_) executed with the proper formalities: legal: rightful.--_v.t._ VAL'IDATE, to confirm, give legal force to: test the validity of.--_ns._ VALID[=A]'TION; VALID'ITY.--_adv._ VAL'IDLY.--_n._ VAL'IDNESS. [Fr.,--L. _validus_--_val[=e]re_, to be strong.]

VALISE, va-l[=e]s', _n._ a travelling bag, generally of leather, opening at the side: a portmanteau. [Fr.,--L. _valise_ (It. _valigia_, Sp. _balija_), orig. unknown.]

VALKYR, val'kir, _n._ (_Scand. myth._) one of the nine handmaidens of Odin, serving at the banquet of Valhalla--also VALKYR'IA, WAL'KYR.--_adjs._ VALKYR'IAN, WALKYR'IAN. [Ice. _valkyrja_--_valr_, the slain, _kyrja_--_kjósa_, to choose. Ger. _Walküre_.]

VALLAR, val'ar, _adj._ pertaining to a rampart.--Also VALL'ARY. [L. _vallum_.]

VALLATE, val'[=a]t, _adj._ cup-shaped: circumvallate.--Also VALL'ATED.

VALLECULA, va-lek'[=u]-la, _n._ a groove or furrow.--_adjs._ VALLEC'ULAR, VALLEC'ULATE.

VALLEY, val'i, _n._ a vale or low land between hills or mountains: a low, extended plain, usually watered by a river:--_pl._ VALL'EYS. [O. Fr. _valee_ (Fr. _vallée_)--_val_, a vale.]

VALLISNERIA, val-is-n[=e]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of the natural order of plants _Hydrocharideæ_. [Named after Antonio _Vallisneri_ (1661-1730), an Italian naturalist.]

VALLUM, val'um, _n._ a rampart, entrenchment: (_anat._) the eyebrow. [L., 'a rampart.']

VALONIA, va-l[=o]'ni-a, _n._ the large acorn-cup of a species of oak which grows round the Levant, used in tanning. [It. _vallonia_--Gr. _balanos_, an acorn.]

VALOUR, val'ur, _n._ intrepidity: courage: bravery.--_adj._ VAL'OROUS, intrepid: courageous.--_adv._ VAL'OROUSLY. [O. Fr. _valour_--Low L. _valor_--L. _val[=e]re_, to be strong.]

VALUE, val'[=u], _n._ worth: that which renders anything useful or estimable: the degree of this quality: esteem, regard: efficacy: importance: excellence: price: precise meaning: (_mus._) the relative length of a tone signified by a note: (_paint._) relation of one part of a picture to the others with reference to light and shade and without reference to hue: (_math._) the special determination of a quantity.--_v.t._ to estimate the worth of: to rate at a price: to esteem: to prize.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to be worth.--_adj._ VAL'UABLE, having value or worth: costly: deserving esteem.--_n._ a thing of value, a choice article--often in _pl._--_ns._ VAL'UABLENESS; VALU[=A]'TION, the act of valuing: value set upon a thing: estimated worth; VALU[=A]'TOR, one who sets a value upon: an appraiser.--_adjs._ VAL'UED; VAL'UELESS.--_n._ VAL'UER, one who values.--VALUE IN EXCHANGE, exchange value: (_pol. econ._) economic value (i.e. the amount of other commodities for which a thing can be exchanged in open market) as distinguished from its more general meaning of utility; VALUE RECEIVED, a phrase indicating that a bill of exchange, &c., has been accepted for a valuable consideration.--GOOD VALUE, full worth in exchange. [O. Fr. _value_, prop. the fem. of Fr. _valu_, pa.p. of _valoir_, to be worth--L. _val[=e]re_.]

VALVE, valv, _n._ one of the leaves of a folding-door: a cover to an aperture which opens in one direction and not in the other: one of the pieces or divisions forming a shell: (_anat._) a membraneous fold resembling a valve or serving as a valve in connection with the flow of blood, lymph, or other fluid--also VAL'VA.--_adjs._ VAL'VAL, pertaining to a valve; VAL'V[=A]TE, having or resembling a valve or valves: (_bot._) meeting at the edges without overlapping, as the petals of flowers; VALVED, having or composed of valves.--_ns._ VALVE'-GEAR, the mechanism for working a valve; VALVE'LET, VAL'V[=U]LA, VAL'V[=U]LE, a little valve: (_bot._) formerly used of the pieces which compose the outer covering of a pericarp.--_adj._ VAL'V[=U]LAR.--_n._ VALV[=U]L[=I]'TIS, inflammation of one of the valves of the heart. [Fr.,--L. _valva_, a folding-door.]

VAMBRACE, vam'br[=a]s, _n._ a piece of plate-armour to protect the forearm.--_adj._ VAM'BR[=A]CED (_her._), having armour on the forearm. [Also _vantbrace_, _vantbrass_--Fr. _avant-bras_--_avant_, before, _bras_, arm.]

VAMOSE, va-m[=o]s', _v.i._ (_slang_) to be off, to be gone. [Sp. _vamos_, 1st pers. pl. pres. indic.--L. _vadimus_, we go--_vad[)e]re_, to go.]

VAMP, vamp, _n._ the upper leather of a boot or shoe.--_v.t._ to repair with a new vamp: to patch old with new: give a new face to: (_mus._) to improvise an accompaniment to (_coll._).--_v.i._ to improvise accompaniments, to travel, proceed.--_n._ VAM'PER, one who vamps or cobbles up anything old to pass for new.--VAMP UP, to patch up, to improvise, to cook up.--IN VAMP, in pawn. [Corr. of Fr. _avant-pied_, the forepart of the foot--_avant_, before, _pied_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, foot.]

VAMPIRE, vam'p[=i]r, _n._ in eastern Europe, an accursed body which cannot rest in the kindly earth, but nightly leaves its grave to suck the blood of sleeping men: an extortioner.--_n._ VAM'PIRE-BAT, the name of several species of bats all supposed to suck blood--the real blood-suckers only in Central and South America, attacking cattle, horses, and sometimes human beings asleep.--_adj._ VAMPIR'IC.--_n._ VAM'PIRISM, the actions of a vampire or the practice of blood-sucking: extortion. [Fr.,--Servian _vampir_; the word is common in the Slavonic tongues.]

VAMPLATE, vam'pl[=a]t, _n._ the iron plate through which the lance passed, serving as a protection to the hand when the lance was couched. [Fr. _avant-plat_--_avant_, before, _plat_, plate.]

VAN, van, _n._ the front: the front of an army or a fleet: the leaders of any movement. [Abbrev. of _vanguard_.]

VAN, van, _n._ a fan for grain, &c.: a vane, wing: a test for ascertaining the value of an ore by washing a small quantity on a shovel.--_v.t._ to separate ore in this way.--_ns._ VAN'NER, an ore-separator; VAN'NING. [Fr.,--L. _vannus_.]

VAN, van, _n._ a large covered wagon for goods, &c.: a light vehicle, covered or not, used by tradesmen in delivering goods: a carriage in a railway-train for carrying luggage, for the use of the guard, &c. [Short for _caravan_.]

VANADIUM, van-[=a]'di-um, _n._ a rare metal somewhat resembling silver in appearance, very brittle and infusible, and unoxidisible either by air or water.--_ns._ VAN'AD[=A]TE, VAN[=A]'DI[=A]TE, a salt formed by vanadic acid combined with a base.--_adjs._ VANAD'IC, VAN[=A]'DIOUS, VAN'ADOUS, pertaining to or obtained from vanadium; VANADIF'EROUS, yielding vanadium.--_n._ VAN'ADINITE, a compound of lead vanadate and lead chloride. [Named from _Vanadis_, a Scandinavian goddess.]

VANCOURIER, van'k[=oo]-ri-er, _n._ a precursor. [Fr. _avant-courier_--_avant_, before.]

VANDAL, van'dal, _n._ one of a fierce race from north-eastern Germany who entered Gaul about the beginning of the 5th century, crossed the Pyrenees into Spain (leaving their name in _Andalusia_=_Vandalitia_), next under Genseric crossed the Strait of Gibraltar, and carried devastation and ruin from the shores of the Atlantic to the frontiers of Cyrene: any one hostile to arts or literature, a barbarian.--_adjs._ VAN'DAL, VANDAL'IC, barbarous, rude.--_n._ VAN'DALISM, hostility to arts or literature. [Low L. _Vandali_, _Vinduli_--the Teut. name seen in Dut. _Wenden_, the Wends.]

VANDYKE, van-d[=i]k', _n._ one of the points forming an edge or border, as of lace, ribbon, &c.: a painting by _Vandyke_: a small round cape, the border ornamented with points and indentations, as seen in paintings by Vandyke of the time of Charles I.--_adj._ pertaining to the style of dress represented in portraits by Vandyke.--_v.t._ to cut the edge off in points.--_n._ VANDYKE'-BROWN, a reddish-brown pigment, a species of peat or lignite.--_adj._ VANDYKED', notched with large points like a Vandyke collar. [Anthony _Van Dyck_ (1599-1641), a great Flemish painter.]

VANE, v[=a]n, _n._ a flag or banner: a thin slip of wood or metal at the top of a spire, &c., to show which way the wind blows: a weather-cock: the thin web of a feather: one of the blades of a windmill.--_adjs._ VANED, furnished with vanes; VANE'LESS. [Older form _fane_--A.S. _fana_; Goth. _fana_, cloth, Ger. _fahne_; akin to L. _pannus_, Gr. _penos_, a cloth.]

VANESSA, va-nes'a, _n._ a genus of butterflies, e.g. the _Vanessa atalanta_ or Red Admiral, _Vanessa antiope_ or Camberwell Beauty. [Perh. intended for _Phanessa_--Gr. _Phan[=e]s_, a mystic divinity.]

VANG, vang, _n._ (_naut._) one of two guy-ropes from the end of a gaff to the deck to steady the peak. [Dut.]

VANGUARD, van'gärd, _n._ the guard in the van of an army: the part of an army preceding the main body: the front line. [Formerly _vantgard_--Fr. _avant-garde_--_avant_, before, _garde_, guard.]

VANILLA, va-nil'a, _n._ the dried aromatic sheath-like pod or fruit of a tropical epiphytal orchid, a favourite confection.--_adj._ VANILL'IC. [Latinised from Fr. _vanille_--Sp. _vainilla_--_vaina_--L. _vagina_, a sheath.]

VANISH, van'ish, _v.i._ to pass away from a place, leaving it vacant or empty: to disappear: to be annihilated or lost: (_math._) to become zero: (_Shak._) to exhale.--_n._ VAN'ISHER.--_adv._ VAN'ISHINGLY.--_n._ VAN'ISHMENT.--VANISHING POINT, the point of disappearance of anything. [Through Fr. from L. _vanesc[)e]re_, to pass away--_vanus_, empty.]

VANITY. See VAIN.

VANNER. See VAN (2).

VANQUISH, vangk'wish, _v.t._ to conquer: to defeat in any contest: to confute.--_adj._ VANQ'UISHABLE, capable of being vanquished.--_ns._ VANQ'UISHER; VANQ'UISHMENT. [Fr. _vaincre_ (pa.t. _vainquis_)--L. _vinc[)e]re_, to conquer.]

VANTAGE, van't[=a]j, _n._ advantage: in lawn-tennis, same as advantage: (_Shak._) opportunity, convenience, excess, addition.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to benefit, profit.--_ns._ VAN'TAGE-GROUND, -POINT, superiority of place, opportunity, &c.

VANTBRACE, VANTBRASS, _n._ See VAMBRACE.

VANWARD, van'wawrd, _adj._ (_rare_) situated in or pertaining to the van or front.--_n._ the advance-guard of an army on the march. [_Van_ and _ward_.]

VAPID, vap'id, _adj._ having the spirit evaporated: spiritless: insipid.--_adv._ VAP'IDLY.--_ns._ VAP'IDNESS, VAPID'ITY. [L. _vapidus_.]

VAPOROLE, v[=a]'p[=o]-r[=o]l, _n._ a thin glass capsule, containing a volatile drug wrapped in cotton-wool and enclosed in a silk bag, to be crushed in the fingers so as to permit inhalation.

VAPOUR, VAPOR, v[=a]'pur, _n._ the gas into which most liquids and solids are convertible by heat: the condition of a body when it becomes gas by heat: water in the atmosphere: anything vain or transitory: (_pl._) a disease of nervous weakness in which a variety of strange images float before the mind, temporary depression of spirits, dejection.--_v.i._ to pass off in vapour: to evaporate: to boast: to brag.--_v.t._ to make to pass into vapour: to cause to dissolve into gas, thin air, or other unsubstantial thing: (_rare_) to depress, dispirit: (_obs._) to bully.--_adjs._ V[=A]'PORABLE, V[=A]'PORISABLE, capable of being converted into vapour.--_n._ VAPOR[=A]'RIUM, a Russian bath.--_adjs._ VAPORIF'EROUS, producing vapour; VAPORIF'IC, converting into steam or other vapour; V[=A]'PORIFORM, existing in the form of vapour.--_n._ VAPORIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ V[=A]'PORISE, to convert into vapour.--_v.i._ to pass off in vapour.--_adj._ V[=A]'PORISH, full of vapours: hypochondriacal: peevish.--_n._ VAPOROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the pressure of a vapour.--_adjs._ V[=A]'POROUS, V[=A]'POROSE, full of or like vapour: vain: affected with the vapours: unsubstantial, vainly imaginative.--_adv._ V[=A]'POROUSLY.--_ns._ V[=A]'POROUSNESS, VAPOROS'ITY; V[=A]'POUR-BATH, an apparatus for bathing the body in vapour of water.--_adj._ V[=A]'POURED, full of vapours: affected with the vapours.--_ns._ V[=A]'POURER, one who vapours, a boaster; V[=A]'POURING, windy or ostentatious talk.--_adv._ V[=A]'POURINGLY.--_adj._ V[=A]'POURY, full of vapour: affected with the vapours: peevish. [Fr.,--L. _vapor_.]

VAPULATION, vap-[=u]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ (_rare_) a flogging.--_adj._ VAP'UL[=A]T[=O]RY. [L. _vapul[=a]re_, to be flogged.]

VAQUERO, va-k[=a]'r[=o], _n._ a herdsman.--_n._ VACQUERIA (vak-e-r[=e]'a), a farm for grazing cattle. [Sp.,--Fr. _vacher_, a cowherd--L. _vacca_, a cow.]

VARA, vä'ra, _n._ a Spanish-American linear measure, about thirty-three inches. [_Vare_.]

VARANGIAN, va-ran'ji-an, _n._ the name given by the Slavic Russians and the Greeks to one of those Northmen or Värings who made settlements on the east side of the Baltic in the second half of the 9th century, and laid the foundations under Rurik of the kingdom of Gardarike out of which grew the subsequent Russia.--VARANGIAN GUARD, a trusted bodyguard of the emperors of Constantinople from the end of the 10th century down to the close in 1453.

VARANUS, var'a-nus, _n._ the typical genus of _Varanidæ_, a family of eriglossate lacertilians, a monitor.--_n._ VAR'AN, a varanoid lizard.--_adj._ VAR'ANOID.

VARE, v[=a]r, _n._ a wand of authority. [Sp. _vara_, a pole--L. _vara_, a trestle, forked stick--_varus_, crooked.]

VAREC, var'ek, _n._ a Breton impure sodium carbonate. [Fr.,--Ice. _vágrek_, _vágr_, a wave, _rek_, drift.]

VAREUSE, va-r[.e]z', _n._ a kind of loose jacket. [Fr.]

VARGUENO, var-g[=a]'n[=o], _n._ a form of cabinet made at _Vargas_ in Spain, having a box-shaped body with lid, resting on columns, and opening at the bottom so as to serve as a writing-desk.

VARIABLE, v[=a]'ri-a-bl, _adj._ that may be varied: changeable: liable to change: unsteady: (_bot._, _zool._) of a species embracing many individuals and groups departing more or less from the strict type: (_math._) quantitatively indeterminate: (_astron._) changing in brightness.--_n._ (_math._) a quantity subject to continual increase or decrease: a quantity which may have an infinite number of values in the same expression: a shifting wind.--_ns._ VARIABIL'ITY (_biol._), tendency to depart in any direction from the mean character of the species; V[=A]'RIABLENESS.--_adv._ V[=A]'RIABLY.--_v.t._ V[=A]'RIATE, to vary.--_v.i._ to change.--_adj._ V[=A]'RIATED, varied, diversified: varriated.--_n._ VARI[=A]'TION, a varying: a change: change from one to another: successive change: the extent to which a thing varies: (_gram._) change of termination: (_mus._) a manner of singing or playing the same air with various changes in time, rhythm, or key: (_astron._) deviation from the mean orbit of a heavenly body: (_biol._) departure from the mean character of a species.--_adjs._ VARI[=A]'TIONAL, pertaining to variation; V[=A]'RIATIVE, tending to variation.--VARIABLE SPECIES, any species with marked rate of variability. [Fr.,--L. _variabilis_.]

VARIANCE, v[=a]'ri-ans, _n._ state of being varied: an alteration: a change of condition: (_law_) a discrepancy: difference that arises from, or produces, dispute.--_n._ V[=A]'RIANT, a different form of the same original word: a different reading, e.g. in a manuscript.--_adj._ diverse, variable, inconstant.--AT VARIANCE, in disagreement.

VARICELLA, var-i-sel'a, _n._ chicken-pox--applied also loosely to various eruptive diseases, as swine-pox, hives, or varioloid.--_adjs._ VARICELL'AR, pertaining to varicella; VARICELL'OID, resembling varicella.

VARICOCELE, var'i-k[=o]-s[=e]l, _n._ an enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord, or sometimes of the veins of the scrotum. [L. _varix_, a dilated vein, Gr. _k[=e]l[=e]_, a tumour.]

VARICOLOURED, v[=a]'ri-kul-urd, _adj._ diversified in colour.--Also VARICOL'OROUS. [L. _varius_, various, _color_, colour.]

VARICORN, v[=a]'ri-korn, _adj._ having diversiform antennæ.--_n._ a varicorn beetle. [L. _varius_, various, _cornu_, a horn.]

VARICOSE, var'i-k[=o]s, _adj._ permanently dilated or enlarged, as a vein, the actual dilatation being called a varix--most often in the sub-mucous veins of the rectum (constituting _hæmorrhoids_ or _piles_), in the spermatic veins (giving rise to _varicocele_), and in the veins of the lower extremities--also VAR'ICOUS.--_adjs._ VAR'IC[=A]TED, marked by varicose formations (said of shells); VAR'ICOSED.--_n._ VARICOS'ITY, state of being varicose.--VARICOSE VEINS, a condition in which the superficial veins, usually of the leg, are swollen for no apparent physiological reason. [L. _varicosus_, full of dilated veins--_varix_, a dilated vein--_varus_, bent, crooked.]

VARIEGATE, v[=a]'ri-e-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to mark with different colours.--_ns._ VARIEG[=A]'TION, in plants, a condition in which other colours are exhibited in parts where green is the normal colour; V[=A]'RIEG[=A]TOR. [L. _variegatus_--_varius_, various, _ag[)e]re_, to make.]

VARIETY, va-r[=i]'e-ti, _n._ the quality of bring various: difference: many-sidedness, versatility: a collection of different things: one of a number of things nearly allied to each other: one or more individuals of a species, which, owing to accidental causes, differ from the normal form in minor points:--_pl._ VAR[=I]'ETIES.--_adj._ V[=A]R[=I]'ETAL (_biol._), having the character of a zoological or botanical variety.--_adv._ VAR[=I]'ETALLY.--_ns._ VAR[=I]'ETY-SHOW, a mixed entertainment comprising dances, songs, negro-minstrelsy, farces, short sketches, &c.; VAR[=I]'ETY-TH[=E]'ATRE, a theatre devoted to variety-shows.--_adj._ V[=A]'RIFORM, varied in form.--_v.t._ V[=A]'RIFY, to variegate. [L. _varietas_--_varius_, various.]

VARIOLA, v[=a]-r[=i]'[=o]-la, _n._ smallpox.--_adjs._ VAR[=I]'OLAR, VARIOL'IC, VAR[=I]'OLOUS.--_ns._ VARIOL[=A]'TION, inoculation with the virus of smallpox; V[=A]'RIOLE, a shallow pit or pitted marking, a foveole; VAR[=I]'OLITE, a rock covered with pea-like pustular forms, held in India as a preventive of smallpox and worn sometimes as an amulet round the neck.--_adjs._ VARIOLIT'IC, pertaining to variolite; V[=A]'RIOLOID, resembling smallpox: resembling measles.--_n._ modified smallpox. [Low L.,--L. _varius_, various, spotted.]

VARIOMETER, v[=a]-ri-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument used in measuring magnetic intensity. [L. _varius_, various, Gr. _metron_, measure.]

VARIORUM, v[=a]-r[=i]-[=o]'rum, _adj._ a term applied to an edition of some work in which the notes of various commentators are inserted. [From the full Latin 'editio cum notis _variorum_.']

VARIOUS, v[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ varied, different: several: unlike each other: changeable: uncertain: variegated.--_adv._ V[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ V[=A]'RIOUSNESS. [L. _varius_.]

VARISCITE, var'i-s[=i]t, _n._ a mineral very like a greenish turquoise found in Brittany. [From L. _Variscia_, Voigtland, part of Saxony.]

VARIX, v[=a]'riks, _n._ abnormal dilatation or tortuosity of a vein:--_pl._ VAR'IC[=E]S. [L.,--_varus_, bent.]

VARLET, vär'let, _n._ a footman: a low fellow: a scoundrel.--_n._ VAR'LETRY (_Shak._), the rabble, the crowd. [O. Fr. _varlet_, formerly _vaslet_, from a dim. of Low L. _vassalis_.]

VARMIN, VARMINT, var'min, var'mint, dialectal variants for _vermin_.

VARNISH, vär'nish, _v.t._ to cover with a liquid so as to give a glossy surface to: to give a fair appearance to.--_n._ a sticky liquid which dries and forms a hard, lustrous coating: a glossy, lustrous appearance: any gloss or palliation.--_ns._ VAR'NISHER; VAR'NISHING; VAR'NISHING-DAY, a day before the opening of a picture exhibition when exhibitors may varnish or retouch their pictures after they have been hung; VAR'NISH-TREE, a name given to trees of several distinct natural orders, the resinous juice of which is used for varnishing or for lacquering. [Fr. _vernis_--Low L. _vitrinus_, glassy--L. _vitrum_, glass.]

VARRIATED, var'i-[=a]-ted, _adj._ (_her._) battlemented with solid projections and crenelles, both pointed bluntly, but in the latter case reversed. [So named from the resemblance to _vair_.]

VARSAL, var'sal, _adj._ (_coll._) universal.

VARSITY, var'si-ti, _n._ (_coll._) university.

VARSOVIENNE, var-s[=o]-vi-en', _n._ a dance imitated from the Polish mazurka, the music for such. [Fr., fem. of _Varsovien_--_Varsovie_, Warsaw.]

VARTABED, vär'ta-bed, _n._ one of an order of Armenian clergy devoted to teaching.--Also VAR'TABET.

VARUNA, var'[=oo]-na, _n._ an ancient Indian Vedic god of heaven and day--latterly, rather the deity that rules over the waters.

VARUS, v[=a]'rus, _n._ the same as _talipes varus_: a knock-kneed person. [L.]

VARUS, v[=a]'rus, _n._ acne. [L.]

VARVELS, värv'elz, _n._ same as VERVELS.--_adj._ VAR'VELED (_her._), provided with vervels or rings.

VARY, v[=a]'ri, _v.t._ to make different: to diversify, modify: (_mus._) to alter or embellish a melody, preserving its identity: (_Shak._) to express variously: to change to something else: to make of different kinds.--_v.i._ to alter or be altered: to be or become different: to change in succession: to deviate (with _from_): to disagree: (_math._) to be subject to continual increase or decrease:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ v[=a]'ried.--_n._ (_Shak._) change.--_adj._ V[=A]'RIED.--_adv._ V[=A]'RIEDLY.--_n._ V[=A]'RIER, one who varies. [Fr. _varier_--L. _vari[=a]re_--_varius_.]

VAS, vas, _n._ (_anat._, _zool._) a vessel containing blood, &c.:--_pl._ V[=A]'SA.--_adjs._ V[=A]'SAL, pertaining to a vas; VAS'IFORM, having the form of a duct; VASOM[=O]'TOR, serving to regulate the tension of blood-vessels, as nerves; VASOM[=O]'TORY, VASOMOT[=O]'RIAL. [L.]

VASALIUM, va-s[=a]'li-um, _n._ vascular tissue proper.

VASCULAR, vas'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ of or relating to the vessels of animal and vegetable bodies.--_n.pl._ VASCUL[=A]'RES, a division of the vegetable kingdom embracing plants with vessels or ducts.--_v.t._ VAS'CULARISE.--_n._ VASCULAR'ITY.--_adv._ VAS'CULARLY.--_adjs._ VASCULIF'EROUS; VAS'CULIFORM.--_ns._ VAS'CULOSE, the substance, closely allied to cellulose, that makes up the greater part of the vessels of plants; VAS'CULUM, a botanist's specimen-box. [Fr. _vasculaire_--L. _vasculum_, dim. of _vas_, a vessel.]

VASE, v[=a]z, or v[ä]z, _n._ a vessel of stone, metal, glass, or earthenware, anciently used for domestic purposes and in offering sacrifices: an ornamental vessel generally of an antique pattern: a sculptured, vaselike ornament: (_archit._) the body of the Corinthian capital.--_n._ VASE'-PAINT'ING, the decoration of vases with pigments, esp. the decoration of the pottery of the ancient Greeks.--_adj._ V[=A]'SIFORM.--ETRUSCAN VASES, Greek vases so called mistakenly because found in Etruscan tombs; PORTLAND VASE, a famous Græco-Roman cameo-glass with reliefs in opaque white glass on a dark-blue ground, 9¾ inches high, now preserved in the British Museum. [Fr.,--L. _vasum_ or _vas_.]

VASELINE, vas'e-lin, _n._ a yellowish, almost tasteless and inodorous, translucent substance obtained from petroleum, used as a salve, liniment, lubricant, &c. [Formed from Ger. _wasser_, water, and Gr. _elaion_, oil.]

VASIFORM, VASOMOTOR. See VAS.

VASSAL, vas'al, _n._ one who holds land from, and renders homage to, a superior: a dependant, retainer: a bondman, slave: (_Shak._) a low wretch.--_adj._ (_Shak._) servile.--_v.t._ to enslave, to dominate.--_ns._ VASS'AL[=A]GE, state of being a vassal: dependence: subjection: a fee, fief: (_Shak._) vassals collectively; VASS'ALESS (_Spens._), a female vassal; VASS'ALRY, vassals collectively. [Fr.,--Low L. _vassalis_--Bret. _gwaz_, a servant; cf. W. _gwas_, a youth.]

VAST, vast, _adj._ of great extent: very great in amount: very great in degree, mighty: (_Shak._) vacant, desolate.--_n._ immensity: (_coll._) a large quantity: (_Shak._) the darkness of night.--_ns._ VASTID'ITY (_Shak._), immensity, desolation; VAS'TITUDE.--_adv._ VAST'LY.--_ns._ VAST'NESS; VAS'TUS, one of the great muscles upon the front of the thigh.--_adj._ VAS'TY, large, enormously great. [Fr. _vaste_--L. _vastus_, waste, vast; cf. A.S. _wéste_, waste.]

VAT, vat, _n._ a large vessel or tank, esp. one for holding liquors.--_v.t._ to put in a vat.--_n._ VAT'FUL, the contents of a vat. [Older form _fat_--A.S. _fæt_; Dut. _vat_, Ice. _fat_, Ger. _fass_.]

VATICAN, vat'i-kan, _n._ an assemblage of buildings on the Vatican hill in Rome, including one of the pope's palaces: the papal authority.--_ns._ VAT'ICANISM, the system of theology and ecclesiastical government based on absolute papal authority, ultramontanism; VAT'ICANIST, one who upholds such a system.--VATICAN CODEX, a famous uncial MS. of the Greek Testament, of the 4th century, in the Vatican library at Rome; VATICAN COUNCIL, the Twentieth Ecumenical Council, according to popish reckoning, which met 8th December 1869 and proclaimed the Infallibility of the Pope. [Fr.,--It. _Vaticano_--L. _Mons Vaticanus_, a hill in Rome.]

VATICIDE, vat'i-s[=i]d, _n._ the killing of a prophet: one who kills a prophet. [L. _vates_, _vatis_, a prophet, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]

VATICINATE, va-tis'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to prophesy.--_adj._ VAT'IC, prophetic, oracular, inspired--also VATIC'INAL.--_ns._ VATICIN[=A]'TION, prophecy: prediction; VATIC'INATOR, a prophet. [L. _vaticin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to prophesy--_vates_, a seer.]

VAUDEVILLE, v[=o]d'vil, _n._ originally a popular song with topical allusions: a play interspersed with dances and songs incidentally introduced and usually comic.--_n._ VAUDE'VILLIST, a composer of these. [From _vau_ (_val_) _de Vire_, the valley of the VIRE, in Normandy, where they were first composed about 1400 A.D.]

VAUDOIS, v[=o]-dwo', _n._ a native of _Vaud_: the dialect spoken in Vaud.--_adj._ pertaining to Vaud or its people.

VAUDOIS, v[=o]-dwo', _n._ one of the Waldenses (q.v.).--_adj._ Waldensian.

VAUDOO. See VOODOO.

VAULT, vawlt, _n._ an arched roof: a chamber with an arched roof, esp. one underground: a cellar: anything vault-like: a leap or spring by means of a pole or by resting the hands on something: the bound of a horse: a jump.--_v.t._ to shape as a vault: to arch: to roof with an arch: to form vaults in.--_v.i._ to curvet or leap, as a horse: to leap: to exhibit feats of leaping or tumbling.--_n._ VAUL'TAGE (_Shak._), an arched cellar: vaulted work.--_adj._ VAUL'TED, arched: concave overhead: covered with an arch or vault.--_ns._ VAUL'TER, one who vaults or leaps; VAUL'TING (_archit._), vaulted work; VAUL'TING-HORSE, a wooden horse used in gymnasiums for vaulting over.--_adj._ VAUL'TY (_Shak._), arched, concave. [O. Fr. _volte_ (Fr. _voûte_)--L. _volv[)e]re_, _volutum_, to roll.]

VAUNCE, väns, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to advance.

VAUNT, vawnt', or vänt, _v.i._ to make a vain display: to boast.--_v.t._ to make a vain display of: to boast of.--_n._ vain display: boast.--_ns._ VAUN'TER; VAUN'TERY, vaunting.--_adj._ VAUNT'FUL.--_n._ VAUN'TING.--_adv._ VAUN'TINGLY. [O. Fr. _vanter_--Low L. _vanit[=a]re_--L. _vanitas_, vanity--_vanus_, vain.]

VAUNT, vänt, _n._ (_Shak._) the first part. [_Van_.]

VAUNT-COURIER, vänt'-k[=oo]'-ri-[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as VANCOURIER.

VAUT, vawt, _v.i._ (_Spens._) same as VAULT.--_adj._ VAU'TY, vaulted.

VAVASOUR, vav'a-s[=oo]r, _n._ in feudal times, one who held his lands not directly of the crown but of one of the higher nobility.--_n._ VAV'AS[=O]RY, the tenure or lands of a vavasour. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _vassus vassorum_, vassal of vassals--_vassus_, vassal.]

VAWARD, v[=a]'wawrd, _n._ and _adj._ Same as VANWARD.

VEADAR, v[=e]'a-dar, _n._ the name of the intercalary or thirteenth month of the Jewish year, which must have been inserted about every third year. [Heb., 'the additional _adar_,' from _ve_, and, and _adar_, so called because it was introduced in the calendar after the month Adar.]

VEAL, v[=e]l, _n._ the flesh of a calf.--_n._ VEAL'-SKIN, a skin-disease marked by white shiny tubercles on the ears and neck.--_adj._ VEAL'Y, like veal or like a calf: immature. [O. Fr. _veël_ (Prov. _vedel_)--L. _vitellus_, dim. of _vitulus_; Gr. _italos_, a calf.]

VECTOR, vek'tor, _n._ (_math._) any directed quantity, as a straight line in space, involving both its direction and magnitude.--_n._ VECTIT[=A]'TION, a carrying.--_adj._ VECT[=O]'RIAL. [L.,--_veh[)e]re_, _vectum_, to convey.]

VEDA, v[=a]'dä, _n._ the four holy books of the Hindus--_Rigveda_, or Veda of praises or hymns; _Sâmaveda_, or Veda of chants or tunes; _Yajurveda_, or Veda of prayers; and _Atharvaveda_, or Veda of the Atharvans:--_pl._ VEDAS (v[=a]'däz).--_n._ VEDAN'TA, a system of Hindu philosophy based on the VEDAS.--_adjs._ VEDAN'TIC, VE'DIC. [Sans. _veda_, knowledge--_vid_, to know; cf. _Wit_.]

VEDETTE, ve-det', _n._ a mounted sentry stationed at the outposts of an army to watch an enemy. [Fr.,--It. _vedetta_--_vedere_, to see--L. _vid[=e]re_, to see.]

VEER, v[=e]r, _v.i._ to change direction, as the wind: to alter, of the course of a ship: to change one's mind.--_v.t._ to turn, shift: to change a ship's course by turning her head away from the wind.--_n._ and _adj._ VEER'ING.--_adv._ VEER'INGLY. [Fr. _virer_ (Prov. _virar_)--Low L. _vir[=a]re_, to turn--L. _viriæ_, armlets.]

VEERY, v[=e]r'i, _n._ the tawny thrush of North America.

VEGA, v[=a]'ga, _n._ a tract of flat land, a tobacco-field in Cuba. [Sp.]