Chapter XXIV: Front Matter (24)

TOAST, t[=o]st, _v.t._ to dry and scorch at the fire: to name when a health is drunk: to drink to the health of.--_v.i._ to drink toasts.--_n._ bread toasted: a slice of such dipped in liquor: the person or thing named whose health is to be drunk.--_ns._ TOAST'ER, one who, or that which, toasts; TOAST'ING-FORK, -[=I]'RON, a long-handled fork for toasting bread: a sword; TOAST'-MAS'TER, the master and announcer of toasts at public dinners; TOAST'-RACK, a stand, with partitions for slices of toast, for setting on the table. [O. Fr. _toster_--L. _tostus_, roasted, pa.p. of _torr[=e]re_.]

TOBACCO, to-bak'[=o], _n._ a plant of genus _Nicotiana_, order _Solanaceæ_, esp. one of several species, the most generally cultivated being the stately Nicotiana _Tabacum_, a native of America--the dried leaves used for the sedative effects for smoking in pipes, &c., and also in the form of snuff.--_ns._ TOBACCAN[=A]'LIAN, a smoker; TOBACC'O-HEART, a functional disorder of the heart, due to excessive use of tobacco; TOBACC'ONIST, one who sells or manufactures tobacco; TOBACC'O-PIPE, a pipe used for smoking tobacco; TOBACC'O-POUCH, a small pouch for holding tobacco; TOBACC'O-STOP'PER, an instrument for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe. [Through Sp. _tabaco_, from the Haytian.]

TOBIT, t[=o]'bit, _n._ an apocryphal Old Testament book, containing the story of _Tobit_.

TOBOGGAN, t[=o]-bog'gan, _n._ a kind of sled turned up at the front, much used in Canada for sliding down snow-covered slopes.--_v.i._ to slide down over snow on such.--Earlier also TOBOG'GIN, TABOG'GAN, TARBOG'GIN.--_ns._ TOBOG'GANER; TOBOG'GANING; TOBOG'GANIST. [A native word.]

TO-BRAKE, t[=oo]-br[=a]k', _v.t._ (Judges ix. 53) broke in pieces. [A.S. _tóbrecan_--pfx. _tó-_, asunder, and _brecan_, to break.]

TOBY, t[=o]'bi, _n._ a beer-mug shaped like an old man with three-cornered hat.

TOCCATA, tok-kä'tä, _n._ (_mus._) a work primarily intended to display the performer's touch.--_ns._ TOCCATEL'LA, TOCCATINA (-t[=e]'na), a short toccata. [It.,--_toccare_, to touch.]

TOCHER, toh'[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a woman's dowry.--_v.t._ to give a dowry to.--_adj._ TOCH'ERLESS, without a marriage portion. [Ir. _tochar_, Gael. _tochradh_.]

TOCO, t[=o]'k[=o], _n._ (_slang_) punishment.--Also T[=O]'KO. [Gr. _tokos_, interest.]

TOCOLOGY, t[=o]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ obstetrics.--Also TOKOL'OGY. [Gr. _tokos_, birth, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]

TOCSIN, tok'sin, _n._ an alarm-bell, or the ringing of it. [O. Fr. _toquesin_ (Fr. _tocsin_)--_toquer_, to strike; O. Fr. _sing_ (Fr. _signe_), a sign.]

TOD, tod, _n._ (_Scot._), a fox.--_n._ TODLOW'RIE, a fox, a crafty fellow.

TOD, tod, _n._ an ivy-bush--(_Spens._) TODDE: an old weight of about 28 lb.--_v.i._ to weigh a tod.

TO-DAY, too-d[=a]', _n._ this or the present day. [A.S. _tó dæge_.]

TODDLE, tod'l, _v.i._ to walk with short feeble steps, as a child.--_n._ a toddling gait: an aimless stroll.--_n._ TODD'LER, one who toddles.--_adj._ TODD'LING. [Prob. a by-form of _totter_.]

TODDY, tod'i, _n._ the fermented juice of various palms of the East Indies: a mixture of whisky, sugar, and hot water.--_ns._ TODD'Y-L[=A]'DLE, a small ladle like a punch-ladle for use in mixing or serving out toddy; TODD'Y-PALM, a palm yielding toddy, as the jaggery-palm; TODD'Y-STICK, a small stick used in mixing toddy. [Hind. _t[=a]ri_--_t[=a]r_, a palm-tree.]

TO-DO, t[=oo]-d[=oo]', _n._ bustle: stir: commotion.

TODY, t[=o]'di, _n._ a small West Indian insectivorous bird--the _green sparrow_, _green humming-bird_, &c.

TOE, t[=o], _n._ one of the five small members at the point of the foot: the corresponding member of a beast's foot: the front of an animal's hoof.--_v.t._ to touch or reach with the toes: to furnish with a toe, as a stocking.--_v.i._ to place the toes in any particular way.--_n._ TOE'-CAP, a cap of leather, &c., covering the toe of a shoe.--_adj._ TOED (t[=o]d), having toes.--_ns._ TOE'-NAIL; TOE'-PIECE. [A.S. _tá_ (pl. _tán_); Ice. _tá_, Ger. _zehe_.]

TOFF, tof, _n._ (_slang_) a dandy, a swell. [Ety. dub.]

TOFFEE, TOFFY, tof'i, _n._ a hard-baked sweetmeat, made of sugar and butter.--Also TAFF'Y. [Ety. unknown.]

TOFORE, t[=oo]-f[=o]r', _adv._, _prep._ (_Shak._) before: formerly. [A.S. _tóforan_.]

TOFT, toft, _n._ a hillock: a messuage with right of common.--_ns._ TOFT'MAN; TOFT'STEAD. [Ice.]

TOG, tog, _n._ (_slang_) a garment--generally in _pl._--_v.t._ to dress.--_n._ TOG'GERY, clothes.--_n.pl._ Long'-togs (_naut._), shore clothes. [Prob. through Fr. from L. _toga_, a robe.]

TOGA, t[=o]'ga, _n._ the mantle or outer garment of a Roman citizen.--_adjs._ TOG[=A]'TED, T[=O]'GED, dressed in a toga or gown.--_n._ TOGE (_Shak._), a robe.--TOGA PRÆTEXTA, the purple-hemmed toga worn by curule magistrates and censors, and by freeborn boys till fourteen; TOGA VIRILIS, the garb of manhood, put on by boys at fourteen. [L.,--_teg[)e]re_, to cover.]

TOGETHER, t[=oo]-geth'[.e]r, _adv._ gathered to one place: in the same place, time, or company: in or into union: in concert. [A.S. _tógædere_--_tó_, to, _geador_, together.]

TOGGLE, tog'l, _n._ (_naut._) a short bar of wood, tapering from the middle towards each end, placed in an eye at the end of a rope, to keep the end from passing through a loop or knot: an appliance for transmitting force at right angles to its direction.--_v.t._ to fix like a toggle-iron: to fix fast.--_ns._ TOGG'LE-[=I]'RON, a whaler's harpoon with movable blade instead of barbs; TOGG'LE-JOINT, an elbow or knee joint. [Conn. with _tug_ and _tow_.]

TOGUE, t[=o]g, _n._ the mackinaw or great lake-trout.

TOHO, t[=o]-h[=o]', _interj._ a call to pointers to stop.

TOHU BOHU, t[=o]'h[=oo] b[=o]'h[=oo], _n._ chaos. [From the Heb. words in Gen. i. 2, 'without form' and 'void.']

TOIL, toil, _n._ a net or snare. [O. Fr. _toile_, cloth--L. _tela_, from _tex[)e]re_, to weave.]

TOIL, toil, _v.i._ to labour: to work with fatigue.--_n._ labour, esp. of a fatiguing kind.--_n._ TOIL'ER.--_adjs._ TOIL'FUL, TOIL'SOME, full of fatigue: wearisome; TOIL'LESS.--_adv._ TOIL'SOMELY.--_n._ TOIL'SOMENESS.--_adj._ TOIL'-WORN, worn out with toil. [O. Fr. _touiller_, to entangle; of dubious origin--prob., acc. to Skeat, from a freq. form of Old High Ger. _zucchen_ (Ger. _zucken_), to twitch; cf. Old High Ger. _zocchón_, to pull, _zogón_, to tear; all derivatives from Old High Ger. _zíhan_ (Ger. _ziehen_), to pull.]

TOILE, twol, _n._ cloth.--_n._ TOILINET', -TE', a fabric with silk and cotton chain and woollen filling: a kind of German quilting. [Fr.]

TOILET, TOILETTE, toil'et, _n._ a dressing-table with a mirror: also a cover for such a table: the whole articles used in dressing: mode or operation of dressing: the whole dress and appearance of a person, any particular costume.--_ns._ TOIL'ET-CLOTH, -COV'ER, a cover for a dressing-table.--_adj._ TOIL'ETED, dressed.--_ns._ TOIL'ET-GLASS, a mirror set on the dressing-table; TOIL'ET-SET, -SERV'ICE, the utensils collectively used in dressing; TOIL'ET-SOAP, a fine kind of soap made up in cakes; TOIL'ET-T[=A]'BLE, a dressing-table.--MAKE ONE'S TOILET, to dress. [Fr. _toilette_, dim. of _toile_, cloth; cf. _Toil_ (1).]

TOISE, toiz, _n._ an old French lineal measure=6.395 Eng. feet. [Fr.,--L. _tend[)e]re_, _tensum_, to stretch.]

TOISON, toi'zon, _n._ the fleece of a sheep.--TOISON D'OR, the golden fleece. [Fr.,--Low L. _tonsion-em_--L. _tond[=e]re_, to shear.]

TOIT, toit, _n._ (_prov._) a cushion.

TOKAY, t[=o]-k[=a]', _n._ a sweetish and heavy wine with an aromatic flavour, produced at _Tokay_ in Hungary: a variety of grape.

TOKEN, t[=o]'kn, _n._ a mark: something representing another thing or event: a sign: a memorial of friendship: a coin issued by a private person or civic authority redeemable in current money: in old Presbyterian use, a voucher of lead or tin, inscribed with the name of the church or parish, admitting a qualified communicant to the celebration of the Lord's Supper: a measure of press-work, 250 impressions on one form: a thin bed of coal showing the vicinity of a thicker seam.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to set a mark upon.--BY THE SAME TOKEN, further in corroboration; MORE BY TOKEN (see MORE). [A.S. _tácen_; Ger. _zeichen_, a mark.]

TOLA, t[=o]'la, _n._ the Indian unit of weight=180 grains troy. [Hind.]

TOLD, t[=o]ld, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _tell_.

TOLE, TOLL, t[=o]l, _v.t._ to draw as with a lure, to attract, entice.--_ns._ T[=O]'LING, T[=O]'LLING, the use of toll-bait to allure fish: a method of decoying ducks. [See _Toll_ (1).]

TOLEDO, t[=o]-l[=e]'d[=o], _n._ a sword-blade made at _Toledo_ in Spain.--_adj._ TOL'LETAN, of Toledo. [L. _Toletum_.]

TOLERABLE, tol'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that may be tolerated or endured: moderately good or agreeable: not contemptible.--_ns._ TOLERABIL'ITY, TOL'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ TOL'ERABLY.--_n._ TOL'ERANCE, the tolerating or enduring of offensive persons or opinions, charity, patience, indulgence.--_adj._ TOL'ERANT, tolerating: enduring: indulgent: favouring toleration.--_adv._ TOL'ERANTLY.--_v.t._ TOL'ER[=A]TE, to bear: to endure: to allow by not hindering.--_ns._ TOLER[=A]'TION, act of tolerating: allowance of what is not approved: liberty given to a minority to hold and express their own political or religious opinions, and to be admitted to the same civil privileges as the majority; TOLER[=A]'TIONIST; TOL'ERATOR. [L. _toler[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, from _toll[)e]re_, to lift up.]

TOLL, t[=o]l, _n._ a tax for the liberty of passing over a bridge or road, selling goods in a market, &c.: a portion of grain taken by a miller for grinding.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to exact as a tribute.--_adj._ TOLL'ABLE, subject to toll.--_ns._ TOLL'AGE, payment of toll: the amount paid as toll; TOLL'BAR, a movable bar across a road, &c., to stop passengers liable to toll; TOLL'BOOTH, a booth where tolls are collected; TOLL'BRIDGE, a bridge where toll is taken; TOLL'DISH, a dish for measuring the toll in mills; TOLL'ER, TOLL'-GATH'ERER; TOLL'GATE, a gate where toll is taken; TOLL'HOUSE, the house of a toll-gatherer; TOLL'MAN, the man who collects toll: a toll-gatherer; TOL'SEY (_obs._), a tollbooth: an exchange. [A.S. _tol_, _toll_; cf. Dut. _tol_, Ger. _zoll_; and _tell_, to count.]

TOLL, t[=o]l, _v.i._ to sound, as a large bell, esp. with a measured sound, as a funeral bell.--_v.t._ to cause to sound, as a bell: to strike, or signal by striking.--_n._ the sound of a bell when tolling.--_n._ TOLL'ER. [M. E. _tollen_, to pull--A.S. _tyllan_, in _for-tyllan_, to allure.]

TOLL, t[=o]l, _v.t._ (_law_) to take, annul. [L. _toll[)e]re_, to take away.]

TOL-LOL, tol-lol', _adj._ (_slang_) pretty good.--_adj._ TOL-LOL'ISH, tolerable.

TOLT, t[=o]lt, _n._ an old English writ removing a court-baron cause to a county-court. [O. Fr. _tolte_--Low L. _tolta_--L. _toll[)e]re_, to take away.]

TOLTEC, tol'tek, _n._ a member of the earlier race who occupied Mexico, their power passing later into the hands of the Aztecs.--_adj._ TOL'TECAN.

TOLTER, tol't[.e]r, _v.i._ (_prov._) to flounder about.

TOLU, t[=o]'l[=u], _n._ Tolu balsam, yielded by _Myroxylon Toluifera_, a native of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Brazil, employed in medicine and perfumery.--_n._ TOL'[=U][=E]NE, methyl benzene.--_adj._ TOL'[=U]IC. [From Santiago de _Tolu_ in Columbia.]

TOM, tom, _n._ a dim. of _Thomas_--used generically for man in 'tomfool,' &c.: a male, esp. a male cat: (_prov._) a close-stool.--_ns._ TOM'-AND-JER'RY, a drink of hot rum and eggs, spiced and sweetened; TOM'-TROT, a toffee made with treacle, sugar, and butter.--TOM, DICK, AND HARRY, any persons taken at random.--LONG TOM, a long gun, as distinguished from a carronade, a gun carried amidships on a swivel-carriage.

TOMAHAWK, tom'a-hawk, _n._ a light war-hatchet of the North American Indians, either wielded or thrown.--_v.t._ to cut or kill with a tomahawk. [The Indian name.]

TOMALLEY, to-mal'i, _n._ the so-called liver of the lobster.--Also TOMALL'Y. [Prob. _tourmalin_, from the greenish colour.]

TOMAN, t[=o]-män', _n._ a Persian gold coin worth 7s. 2d.--Also TOMAUN'. [Pers.]

TOMATO, t[=o]-mä't[=o], or t[=o]-m[=a]'t[=o], _n._ the pulpy edible fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (_Solanaceæ_), or the plant itself, native to South America, but now much cultivated in Europe--earlier called the 'love-apple':--_pl._ TOMA'TOES. [Sp. _tomate_--Mex. _tomate_.]

TOMB, t[=oo]m, _n._ a pit or vault in the earth, in which a dead body is placed: a tombstone.--_adjs._ TOMB'IC; TOMB'LESS, without a tomb.--_n._ TOMB'STONE, a stone erected over a tomb to preserve the memory of the dead. [Fr. _tombe_--L. _tumba_--Gr. _tymbos_.]

TOMBAC, tom'bak, _n._ a name given to an alloy of copper and zinc like Prince's metal, or to an alloy of copper and arsenic.--Also TOM'BAK. [Malay _t[=a]mbaga_, copper.]

TOMBOC, tom'bok, _n._ a Javanese long-handled weapon.

TOMBOLA, tom'b[=o]-la, _n._ a kind of lottery game played in France and the southern United States. [It.,--_tombolare_, to tumble.]

TOMBOY, tom'boi, _n._ a wild romping girl, a hoyden: (_Shak._) a strumpet. [_Tom_ and _boy_.]

TOMCAT, tom'kat, _n._ a full-grown male cat. [_Tom_.]

TOME, t[=o]m, _n._ part of a book: a volume of a large work: a book. [Fr.,--L. _tomus_--Gr. _tomos_--_temnein_, to cut.]

TOMENTUM, t[=o]-men'tum, _n._ (_bot._) a species of pubescence.--_adjs._ TOMEN'TOSE, TOMEN'TOUS. [L.]

TOMFOOL, tom'f[=oo]l, _n._ a great fool: a trifling fellow.--_v.i._ to act foolishly.--_n._ TOMFOOL'ERY, foolish trifling or jesting: buffoonery.--_adj._ TOM'FOOLISH. [_Tom_.]

TOMIUM, t[=o]'mi-um, _n._ the cutting edge of a bird's bill.--_adj._ T[=O]'MIAL. [Gr. _tomos_, _temnein_, to cut.]

TOMMY, tom'i, _n._ a penny roll, bread, provisions: the system of giving food as part wages.--_v.t._ to oppress by the tommy or truck-system.--_ns._ TOMM'Y-SHOP, a truck-shop; TOM'-NOD'DY, the puffin or sea-parrot: a fool.--TOMMY ATKINS, or TOMM'Y, a generic name for the English private soldier.--SOFT TOMMY, soft bread, as opposed to hard tack or sea-biscuit.

TO-MORROW, t[=oo]-mor'[=o], _n._ the morrow after this.--_adv._ on the morrow. [A.S. _tó morgen_.]

TOMPION, tom'pi-on, _n._ the inking-pad of the lithographic printer.--Also TOM'PON. [_Tampion_.]

TOMPION, tom'pi-on, _n._ (_obs._) a watch.

TOMTIT, tom'tit, _n._ the titmouse. [_Tom_, a common name like Jack, and _tit_, as in _titmouse_.]

TOM-TOM, tom'-tom, _n._ the drum used in India by musicians, jugglers, &c.: a gong.--_v.i._ TAM'-TAM, to beat on a tom-tom.

TOMUNDAR, to-mun'-dar, _n._ the head chief of a Baluchi tribe.

TON, tun, _n._ a measure of capacity, varying with the substance measured--timber, wheat, gravel, lime, coke, &c.--in the carrying capacity of ships, 40 cubic feet: a measure of weight, equal to 20 cwt. or 2240 lb. avoirdupois. [A.S. _tunne_, a vat, tub; Ger. _tonne_, cask.]

TON, ton, _n._ fashion, style.--_adj._ TON'ISH, stylish.--_adv._ TON'ISHLY.

TONALITE, t[=o]'nal-[=i]t, _n._ an igneous rock having a granitic structure, and composed essentially of plagioclase, biolite, and quartzite.

TO-NAME, t[=oo]'-n[=a]m, _n._ a byname, nickname, or name in addition to Christian name and surname.

TONE, t[=o]n, _n._ the character of a sound: quality of the voice: harmony of the colours of a painting, also its characteristic or prevailing effect as due to the management of chiaroscuro and to the effect of light upon the quality of colour: (_phot._) the shade or colour of a finished positive picture: (_gram._) syllabic stress, special accent given to a syllable: character or style: state of mind: mood: a healthy state of the body.--_v.t._ to utter with an affected tone: to intone, to utter in a drawling way: to give tone or quality to, in respect either of sound or colour: to alter or modify the colour.--_adj._ T[=O]'NAL.--_n._ TONAL'ITY.--_adjs._ TONED, having a tone (in compounds); TONE'LESS.--TONE DOWN, to give a lower tone to, to moderate, to soften, to harmonise the colours of as to light and shade, as a painting. [L. _tonus_--Gr. _tonos_, a sound--_tein[=o]_, to stretch.]

TONG, tung, _n._ (_Spens._) the tongue of a buckle.

TONGA, tong'ga, _n._ a light two-wheeled cart for four, in use in Burma.

TONGA-BEAN, tong'ga-b[=e]n, _n._ Same as TONKA-BEAN.

TONGS, tongz, _n.pl._ a domestic instrument, consisting of two jointed pieces or shafts of metal, used for lifting. [A.S. _tange_; Ice. _töng_, Ger. _zange_.]

TONGUE, tung, _n._ the fleshy organ in the mouth, used in tasting, swallowing, and speech: power of speech: manner of speaking: speech: discourse: a language: anything like a tongue in shape: the catch of a buckle: the pointer of a balance: a point of land.--_adjs._ TONGUED, having a tongue.; TONGUE'LESS, having no tongue.--_n._ TONGUE'LET, a little tongue.--_p.adj._ TONGUE'-SHAPED, shaped like a tongue: (_bot._) linear and fleshy and blunt at the point, as a leaf.--_n._ TONGUE'STER, a babbler.--_adjs._ TONGUE'-TIED, -TACKED, having an impediment, as if the tongue were tied: unable to speak freely.--_n._ TONGUE'-WORK, babble, chatter.--HOLD ONE'S TONGUE (see HOLD). [A.S. _tunge_; Ice. _tunga_, Ger. _zunge_, the tongue; L. _lingua_ (old form _dingua_).]

TONIC, ton'ik, _adj._ relating to tones or sounds: (_med._) giving tone and vigour to the system: giving or increasing strength.--_n._ a medicine which gives tone and vigour to the system.--_n._ TONIC'ITY, the healthy state of muscular fibres when at rest.--TONIC SPASM (see SPASM).

TONIC SOLFA, ton'ik s[=o]l-fä', _n._ a modern system of musical notation, in which the notes are indicated by letters, and time and accent by dashes and colons.

TO-NIGHT, t[=oo]-n[=i]t', _n._ this night: the night after the present day.

TONITE, t[=o]'n[=i]t, _n._ an explosive made from pulverised gun-cotton.

TONKA-BEAN, tong'ka-b[=e]n, _n._ the seed of a large tree of Guiana, used for flavouring snuff.--Also TON'QUIN-BEAN.

TONNAGE, tun'[=a]j, _n._ in regard to ships, a measure both of cubical capacity and of dead-weight carrying capability--the _freight ton_ simply means 40 cubic feet of space available for cargo, and is therefore two-fifths of a register ton: a duty on ships, estimated per ton.--Also TUN'NAGE.

TONSIL, ton'sil, _n._ one of two glands at the root of the tongue, so named from its shape.--_n._ TONSIL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the tonsils.--_adjs._ TON'SILLAR, TON'SILAR, TONSILIT'IC. [L. _tonsilla_, a stake, a tonsil, dim. of _tonsa_, an oar.]

TONSILE, ton'sil, _adj._ that may be clipped.--_n._ TON'SOR, a barber.--_adj._ TONS[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a barber or to shaving. [L. _tonsilis_--_tond[=e]re_, _tonsum_, to clip.]

TONSURE, ton'sh[=oo]r, _n._ act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head: a religious observance of the R.C. and Eastern Churches, which consists in shaving or cutting part of the hair of the head as a sign of the dedication of the person to the special service of God, and commonly to the public ministry of religion.--_adj._ TON'SURED, having the crown of the head shaven as a priest: shaven: bald. [L. _tonsura_, a shearing--_tond[=e]re_.]

TONTINE, ton-t[=e]n', _n._ a kind of life-annuity, increasing as the subscribers die: a loan raised with the benefit of survivorship--also _adj._--_n._ TONTIN'ER. [From Lorenzo _Tonti_, a Neapolitan, its inventor.]

TONY, t[=o]'ni, _n._ a simpleton. [_Antony_.]

TONY, t[=o]'ni, _adj._ (_U.S._) genteel, high-toned.

TOO, t[=oo], _adv._ over: more than enough: extremely: likewise.--_adj._ TOO-TOO, quite too: extreme, superlative: (_slang_) extravagantly and affectedly sentimental, gushing. [A form of _to_, sig. lit. 'added to.']

TOOART, t[=oo]'art, _n._ a eucalyptus of south-western Australia, with remarkably heavy and durable wood.--Also TU'ART, TEW'ART.

TOOK, t[=oo]k, _pa.t._ and obsolete _pa.p._ of _take_.

TOOL, t[=oo]l, _n._ an instrument used by workmen: one who acts as the mere instrument of another.--_v.t._ to mark with a tool, esp. to ornament or imprint designs upon, of bookbinders: (_slang_) to drive, as a coach or other vehicle: to carry in a vehicle.--_v.i._ to travel in a vehicle, to drive.--_n._ TOOL'ING, workmanship done with a tool. [A.S. _tól_, _tohl_; perh. from the root of _tow_.]

TOOLEY STREET, t[=oo]l'i str[=e]t, _n._ a street in Southwark, at the foot of London Bridge, famous through Canning's story of its three tailors who began their petition to parliament with 'We, the people of England.'

TOOM, t[=oo]m, _adj._ empty.--_n._ a dumping-ground for rubbish. [Ice. _tómr_, empty.]

TOON, t[=oo]n, _n._ a large tree of the bead-tree family, with red wood and astringent bark.--Also _East Indian mahogany_, _Indian cedar_.

TOOT, t[=oo]t, _v.i._ to pry or peep about: (_obs._) to be prominent.--_n._ TOOT'ER, anything projecting. [A.S. _totian_, to elevate.]

TOOT, t[=oo]t, _v.i._ to make short unmusical sounds on a flute or horn.--_v.t._ to blow, as a horn, &c.--_n._ a sound, as of a horn, a blast: (_U.S._) a spree.--_n._ TOOT'ER, one who toots, or that upon which he toots. [Old Dut. _tuyten_; cf. Ice. _thjóta_, to resound, A.S. _theótan_, to howl.]

TOOT, t[=oo]t, _n._ (_slang_) an idle worthless creature: the devil.

TOOTH, t[=oo]th, _n._ one of the hard bodies in the mouth, attached to the skeleton, but not forming part of it, developed from the dermis or true skin, their function primarily the mastication of the food: the taste or palate, relish: anything tooth-like: a prong: one of the projections on a saw or wheel:--_pl._ TEETH.--_v.t._ to furnish with teeth: to cut into teeth.--_ns._ TOOTH'ACHE, an ache or pain in a tooth; TOOTH'-BRUSH, a brush for cleaning the teeth; TOOTH'-DRAW'ER (_Shak._), one whose business is to extract teeth with instruments, a dentist; TOOTH'-DRAW'ING, the act of extracting a tooth: the practice of extracting teeth.--_adjs._ TOOTHED, having teeth: (_bot._) having tooth-like projections on the edge, as a leaf; TOOTH'FUL, full of teeth.--_n._ a small drink of spirits, &c.--_adj._ TOOTH'LESS, having no teeth.--_ns._ TOOTH'-ORNAMENT, a Romanesque and Early Pointed moulding, consisting of a square four-leaved flower pointed in the centre; TOOTH'PICK, an instrument for picking out anything in the teeth; TOOTH'-POW'DER, a powder used with a tooth-brush for cleaning the teeth.--_adj._ TOOTH'SOME, pleasant to the taste.--_ns._ TOOTH'SOMENESS; TOOTH'-WASH, a liquid preparation for cleansing the teeth; TOOTH'WORT, a name for _Lathræa squamaria_, one of the insectivorous plants, as well as for _Dentaria bulbifera_, one of the Cruciferæ, common in England, also known as 'coral-wort' and 'tooth-violet.'--_adj._ TOOTH'Y, having teeth: toothsome: biting.--TOOTH AND NAIL, with all possible vigour and fury.--A SWEET TOOTH, a relish for sweet things; IN SPITE OF ONE'S TEETH, IN THE TEETH OF, in defiance of opposition; SHOW ONE'S TEETH, to threaten, to show one's anger and power to injure; THROW, CAST, IN ONE'S TEETH, to fling at one, as a taunt, or in challenge; TO THE TEETH (_Shak._), in open opposition or defiance. [A.S. _tóth_ (pl. _téth_, also _tóthas_); cog. with Goth. _tunthus_, L. _dens_, _dent-is_, Gr. _o-dous_, _o-dont-os_, Sans. _danta_.]

TOOTLE, t[=oo]t'l, _v.i._ to make a series of feeble sounds, as a poor player on the flute. [Freq. of _toot_.]

TOP, top, _n._ the highest part of anything: the upper end or surface: the upper part of a plant: the crown of the head: the highest place, rank, or crown, consummation: the chief or highest person: (_naut._) a small platform at the head of the lower mast: the end-piece of a jointed fishing-rod: the same as _top-boot_, esp. in _pl._--_adj._ highest, foremost, chief: good, capital.--_v.t._ to cover on the top: to tip: to rise above: to surpass: to rise to the top of: to take off the top of: to hit a golf ball above its centre.--_v.i._ to be eminent:--_pr.p._ top'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ topped.--_adj._ TOP'-BOOT'ED, wearing top-boots.--_n.pl._ TOP'-BOOTS, long-legged boots with an ornamental band of bright-coloured leather round the top.--_ns._ TOP'COAT, a coat worn outside one's other clothes: TOP'-DRAIN'ING, the act or practice of draining the surface of land.--_v.t._ TOP'-DRESS, to spread manure on the surface of.--_n._ TOP'-DRESS'ING, a dressing of manure laid on the surface of land: (_fig._) any superficial covering.--_adjs._ TOP'FULL (_Shak._), full to the top or brim; TOP'GALLANT, applied to the mast and sail next above the topmast and topsail and below the royal-mast.--_n._ TOP'-HAMP'ER, unnecessary weight on a ship's upper-deck.--_adj._ TOP'-HEAV'Y, having the upper part too heavy for the lower: tipsy.--_n._ TOP'-KNOT, a crest or knot of feathers upon the head of a bird: a knot of ribbons worn by women on the top of the head: the popular name of some small fishes of the same genus as the turbot and brill.--_adjs._ TOP'-KNOTTED; TOP'LESS (_Shak._), supreme, without superior; TOP'LOFTICAL, TOP'LOFTY, having a high top, pompous, bombastic.--_ns._ TOP'LOFTINESS; TOP'MAN, a man stationed in one of the tops: a top-sawyer; TOP'MAST, the second mast, or that immediately above the lower mast.--_adj._ TOP'MOST, next the top: highest.--_ns._ TOP'PER, one who, or that which, excels; TOP'PING, the act of one who tops, that which tops: (_pl._) that cut off in topping.--_adj._ surpassing, pre-eminent: arrogant.--_adv._ TOP'PINGLY.--_adj._ TOP'-PROUD (_Shak._), proud in the highest degree.--_ns._ TOPSAIL (top's[=a]l, or -sl), a sail across the topmast; TOP'-SAW'YER, the upper sawyer in a sawpit: (_coll._) a superior, a person of importance; TOP'-SIDE, the upper part; TOPS'MAN, a head-drover, a foreman; TOP'-SOIL, the upper part or surface of the soil; TOP'-SOIL'ING, removal of the top-soil; TOP'-STONE, a stone placed on the top, or which forms the top. [A.S. _top_; Ger. _zopf_.]

TOP, top, _n._ a child's toy, shaped like a pear, and set or kept whirling round by means of a string or a whip. [Prob. Old Dut. _top_, _toppe_, _dop_, _doppe_; Mid. High Ger. _topf_, _tupfen_, a pot.]

TOPARCH, t[=o]'pärk, _n._ the ruler or principal man in a place: the governor of a toparchy.--_n._ T[=O]'PARCHY, a small state or government consisting of only a few cities: command in a small state or subdivision of a country. [Gr. _toparch[=e]s_--_topos_, a place, _archein_, to rule--_arch[=e]_, beginning.]

TOPAZ, t[=o]'paz, _n._ a mineral, ranked among gems, found generally in primitive rocks, colourless, light blue or green, rose-pink, orange or straw-yellow, in great variety of shades, the most prized generally from Brazil.--_adj._ T[=O]'PAZINE.--_n._ TOPAZ'OLITE, a garnet resembling a topaz. [O. Fr. _topase_, _topaze_--Gr. _topazion_, also _topazos_.]

TOPAZA, t[=o]-p[=a]'za, _n._ a genus of humming-birds.

TOPE, t[=o]p, _v.i._ to drink hard or to excess: to tipple:--_pr.p._ t[=o]'ping; _pa.p._ t[=o]ped.--_n._ T[=O]'PER, a drunkard. [From _tope_, an obs. verb 'to drink hard,' from the phrase _to top off_, sig. 'to drink off at one draught.']

TOPE, t[=o]p, _n._ a Buddhist tumulus for the preservation of relics, of more or less solid masonry, in which the relics are deposited--the oldest spherical, others having polygonal bases, originally crowned with an umbrella-shaped finial, and surrounded by a carved stone railing with elaborately carved gateway. [Corr. from Sans. _st[=u]pa_, a heap.]

TOPE, t[=o]p, _n._ a small species of British shark--the _Miller's dog_ and _Penny dog_.

TOPHET, t[=o]'fet, _n._ a place at the south-east corner of Gehenna, or vale of Hinnom, to the south of Jerusalem, once the scene of idolatrous rites, later the common lay-stall of the city, in which fires were kept burning: the future place of torment for the damned. [Heb. _t[=o]pheth_.]

TOPHUS, t[=o]'fus, _n._ a gouty deposit:--_pl._ T[=O]'PH[=I].--_adj._ TOPH[=A]'CEOUS. [L., 'sandstone.']

TOPIA, t[=o]'pi-a, _n._ a kind of mural decoration common in old Roman houses.--_adj._ T[=O]'PI[=A]RY, clipped into ornamental shapes, of trees and shrubs--also T[=O]PI[=A]'RIAN. [L.,--Gr. _topos_, a place.]

TOPIC, top'ik, _n._ a subject of discourse or argument: a matter.--_adj._ TOP'ICAL, pertaining to a place: local: relating to a topic or subject: relating to things of local interest.--_adv._ TOP'ICALLY, with reference to a particular place or topic. [Fr.,--Low L.,--Gr. _ta topika_, the general principles of argument--_topos_, a place.]

TOPOGRAPHER, t[=o]-pog'raf-[.e]r, _n._ one who describes a place, &c.: one skilled in topography.--_adjs._ TOPOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to topography.--_adv._ TOPOGRAPH'ICALLY, in a topographical manner.--_ns._ TOPOG'RAPHIST; TOPOG'RAPHY, the description of a place: a detailed account of the superficial features of a tract of country: the art of describing places. [Gr. _topos_, a place, _graphein_, to describe.]

TOPOLATRY, t[=o]pol'a-tri, _n._ veneration for a place. [Gr. _topos_, a place, _latreia_, worship.]

TOPOLOGY, t[=o]-pol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the art of aiding the memory by associating things with places. [Gr. _topos_, a place, _legein_, to speak.]

TOPONYM, top'[=o]-nim, _n._ (_anat._) a topographical name, the technical designation of any region of an animal.--_n._ TOPON'OMY, topical terminology, the place-names of a district.--_adjs._ TOPON'YMAL, TOPONYM'IC, -AL.--_n._ TOPON'YMY, the nomenclature of anatomical regions. [Gr. _topos_, a place, _onoma_, a name.]

TOPPLE, top'l, _v.i._ to fall forward: to tumble down. [Freq. of _top_.]

TOPSYTURVY, top'si-tur-vi, _adv._ bottom upwards.--_adj._ turned upside down.--_n._ confusion.--_v.t._ to turn upside down.--_n._ TOPSYTURVIFIC[=A]'TION, a turning upside down.--_adv._ TOPSYTUR'VILY.--_ns._ TOPSYTUR'VINESS; TOPSYTUR'VYDOM. [Explained by Skeat as _top_ + _so_ (_adv._) + _tervy_, overturned--M. E. _terven_, to throw--A.S. _torfian_, to throw.]

TOQUE, t[=o]k, _n._ a form of hat or cap worn in the 16th century: a modern close-fitting brimless bonnet for women: an African nominal money of account, equal to 40 cowries: the bonnet-macaque. [Fr., prob. Celt., Bret. _tok_, W. _toc_, a hat.]

TOR, tor, _n._ a hill, a rocky height. [A.S. _torr_, _tor_--W. _tor_; Gael. _torr_.]

TORAH, t[=o]'ra, _n._ the Mosaic law: the book of the law, the Pentateuch.--Also TH[=O]'RAH. [Heb.]

TORBITE, t[=o]r'b[=i]t, _n._ a preparation of peat for fuel.

TORCH, torch, _n._ a light formed of twisted tow dipped in pitch or other inflammable material: a large candle or flambeau.--_ns._ TORCH'-BEAR'ER; TORCH'-DANCE; TORCH'ER (_Shak._), one who gives light with, or as with, a torch; TORCH'ING, a way of catching fish at night with torch-light-and spear; TORCH'-LIGHT; TORCH'-RACE.--_n.pl._ TORCH'-STAVES (_Shak._), staves for carrying torches. [Fr. _torche_--L. _tortum_, pa.p. of _torqu[=e]re_, to twist.]

TORCHÈRE, tor-sh[=a]r', _n._ a large ornamental candelabrum. [Fr.]

TORCULAR, tor'k[=u]-lar, _n._ the tourniquet. [L.]

TORE, t[=o]r, _pa.t._ of _tear_.

TORE, t[=o]r, _n._ (_prov._) dead grass.

TORE=_Torus_.

TOREADOR, tor-e-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a bull-fighter, esp. on horseback. [Sp.]

TO-RENT, t[=oo]'-rent', _p.adj._ (_Spens._) rent asunder.

TOREUTIC, t[=o]-r[=oo]'tik, _adj._ pertaining to chased or embossed metal-work.--_ns._ TOREUMATOG'RAPHY, a treatise on ancient work in metal; TOREUMATOL'OGY, the art of ancient art-work on metal; TOREU'TES, an artist in metal. [Gr., _toreuein_, to bore.]

TORGOCH, tor'goh, _n._ the red-bellied char. [W.]

TORMENT, tor'ment, _n._ torture: anguish: that which causes pain.--_v.t._ TORMENT', to torture: to put to extreme pain, physical or mental: to distress: to afflict.--_p.adj._ TORMEN'TED (_U.S._), a euphemism for damned.--_adj._ TORMEN'TING, causing torment.--_adv._ TORMEN'TINGLY, in a tormenting manner.--_ns._ TORMEN'TOR, -ER, one who, or that which, torments: (_B._) a torturer, an executioner: a long meat-fork: a wing in the first groove of a stage; TORMEN'TUM, a whirligig. [O. Fr.,--L. _tormentum_, an engine for hurling stones--L. _torqu[=e]re_, to twist.]

TORMENTIL, tor'men-til, _n._ a genus of plants, one species with an astringent woody root. [Fr.,--Low L. _tormentilla_--L. _tormentum_.]

TORMINA, tor'mi-na, _n.pl._ gripes, colic.--_adjs._ TOR'MINAL, TOR'MINOUS.

TORMODONT, tor'm[=o]-dont, _adj._ socketed, of teeth. [Gr. _tormos_, a hole, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

TORN, t[=o]rn, _pa.p._ of _tear_: (_B._) stolen.--_adj._ TORN'-DOWN, rebellious, ungovernable.

TORNADO, tor-n[=a]'d[=o], _n._ a violent hurricane, frequent in tropical countries:--_pl._ TORN[=A]'DOES.--_adj._ TORNAD'IC. [Sp., _tornada_--_tornar_--L. _torn[=a]re_.]

TORNEAMENT, an obsolete form of _tournament_.

TOROIDAL, t[=o]-roi'dal, _adj._ shaped like an anchor-ring.

TOROUS, t[=o]'rus, _adj._ swelling, muscular.--_n._ TOROS'ITY, muscularity.

TORPEDO, tor-p[=e]'do, _n._ a genus of cartilaginous fishes of family _Torpedinidæ_, related to the skates and rays, with electric organs on each side of the head, giving an electric shock when touched so as to produce torpor or numbness, the cramp-fish: a submarine weapon of offence, carrying a charge of gun-cotton or other explosive, and possessing powers of locomotion--in distinction to a submarine mine, which is stationary and used for defensive purposes:--_pl._ TORP[=E]'DOES.--_v.t._ to attack with torpedoes, to explode a torpedo in or under.--_adj._ TORPED'INOUS.--_ns._ TORP[=E]'DO-BOAT, a small swift steamer from which torpedoes are discharged; TORP[=E]'DO-BOOM, a spar for carrying a torpedo, projecting from a boat or anchored in a channel; TORP[=E]'DO-CATCH'ER, a swift vessel for capturing torpedo-boats; TORP[=E]'DOIST, one skilled in the management of torpedoes; TORP[=E]'DO-NET, a net of wire hung at some distance round a ship to intercept torpedoes. [L.,--_torp[=e]re_, to be stiff.]

TORPESCENT, tor-pes'ent, _adj._ becoming torpid or numb.--_n._ TORPES'CENCE. [L., _pr.p._ of _torpesc[)e]re_, to become stiff--_torp[=e]re_, to be stiff.]

TORPID, tor'pid, _adj._ stiff, numb: having lost the power of motion and feeling: sluggish, dormant: pertaining to the _Torpids_, or Lent boat-races, at Oxford.--_n._ a second-class racing boat, or one of its crew.--_n._ TORPID'ITY.--_adv._ TOR'PIDLY.--_n._ TOR'PIDNESS.--_v.t._ TOR'PIFY, to make torpid.--_ns._ TOR'PITUDE, state of being torpid: numbness: dullness: stupidity; TOR'POR, numbness: inactivity: dullness: stupidity. [L. _torpidus_--_torp[=e]re_.]

TORQUE, tork, _n._ a twisting force: a necklace of metal rings interlaced.--_adjs._ TOR'QUATE, -D, collared; TORQUED', twisted. [L. _torques_--_torqu[=e]re_, to twist.]

TORREFY, tor'e-f[=i], _v.t._ to scorch: to parch:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ torr'efied.--_n._ TORREFAC'TION, act of torrefying: state of being torrefied. [L. _torr[=e]re_, to dry, to burn, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

TORRENT, tor'ent, _n._ a rushing stream: a strong or turbulent current.--_adj._ rushing in a stream.--_ns._ TORR'ENT-BOW, a bow of prismatic colours formed above the spray of a torrent; TORR'ENT-DUCK, a merganser of genus _Merganetta_, found in the swift water-courses of the Andes.--_adj._ TORREN'TIAL, of the nature of a torrent, produced by the agency of rapid streams: overwhelmingly voluble.--_n._ TORRENTIAL'ITY.--_adv._ TORREN'TIALLY. [L. _torrens_, _-entis_, boiling, _pr.p._ of _torr[=e]re_, to dry.]

TORRICELLIAN, tor-i-sel'i-an, or tor-i-ch[=e]l'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Italian mathematician Evangelista _Torricelli_ (1608-47), who discovered in 1643 the principle on which the barometer is constructed.--TORRICELLIAN TUBE, the barometer; TORRICELLIAN VACUUM, the vacuum in the barometer.

TORRID, tor'id, _adj._ burning or parching: violently hot: dried with heat.--_ns._ TORRID'ITY, TORR'IDNESS.--TORRID ZONE, the broad belt round the earth betwixt the tropics, on either side of the equator. [L. _torridus_--_torr[=e]re_, to burn.]

TORSE, tors, _n._ a heraldic wreath.--_ns._ TORSADE', an ornament like a twisted cord; TOR'SEL, a twisted scroll: a plate in a brick wall to support the end of a beam.

TORSHENT, tor'shent, _n._ (_U.S._) the youngest child and pet of a family.--Also TORSH.

TORSION, tor'shun, _n._ act of twisting or turning a body: the force with which a thread or wire tends to return when twisted, the kind of strain produced in a bar or wire when one end is kept fixed and the other is rotated about the axis: (_surg._) a method of common application for the purpose of checking arterial hæmorrhage in certain cases, by twisting the cut end of the artery.--_n._ TORSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ TOR'SIONAL, pertaining to, or resulting from, torsion.--_n._ TOR'SION-BAL'ANCE, an instrument for measuring very minute forces by a delicate horizontal bar or needle, suspended by a very fine thread or wire.--_adj._ TOR'SIVE, twisted spirally. [L. _torsio_--_torqu[=e]re_, _tortum_, to twist.]

TORSK, torsk, _n._ a genus of fish of the cod family, abundant in the northern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, characterised by a single long dorsal fin, and by having the vertical fins separate. [Sw. _torsk;_ Ger. _dorsch_, a haddock.]

TORSO, tor's[=o], _n._ the trunk of a statue without head or limbs:--_pl._ TOR'SOS.--Also TORSE. [It.; prob. Teut., Old High Ger. _turso_, _torso_, stalk.]

TORT, tort, _n._ a term in the law of England including all those wrongs, not arising out of contract, for which a remedy by compensation or damages is given in a court of law: (_Spens._) wrong, injury, calamity.--_adj._ TOR'TIOUS (_Spens._), wrongful, injurious. [Low L. _tortum_--L. _torqu[)e]re, tortum, to twist.]_

TORTICOLLIS, tor-ti-kol'is, _n._ wryneck.

TORTILE, tor'til, _adj._ twisted: wreathed: coiled.--_n._ TORTIL'ITY.--_adj._ TOR'TIVE (_Shak._), twisted, wreathed.

TORTILLA, tor-t[=e]'lya, _n._ a round flat cake made from maize in Mexico. [Sp., dim. of _torta_, a tart.]

TORTOISE, tor'tis, or -tois, _n._ together with turtles, a well-defined order of reptiles, distinguished especially by the dorsal (_carapace_) and ventral (_plastron_) shields which protect the body.--_n._ TOR'TOISE-SHELL, the horny epidermic plate of a species of turtle.--_adj._ of the colour of the foregoing, mottled in yellow and black. [O. Fr. _tortis_--L. _tortus_, twisted.]

TORTRIX, tor'triks, _n._ the typical genus of _Tortricidæ_, a family of small lepidopterous insects.

TORTULOUS, tor't[=u]-lus, _adj._ having swellings at regular intervals.

TORTUOUS, tor't[=u]-us, _adj._ twisted, winding: (_fig._) deceitful.--_adj._ TOR'TU[=O]SE, twisted: wreathed: winding.--_n._ TORTUOS'ITY, state of being tortuous.--_adv._ TOR'TUOUSLY.--_n._ TOR'TUOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _tortuosus_--_torqu[=e]re_, _tortum_, to twist.]

TORTURE, tor't[=u]r, _n._ a putting to the rack or severe pain to extort a confession, or as a punishment: extreme pain: anguish of body or mind.--_v.t._ to put to torture or to the rack: to put to extreme pain: to annoy: to vex.--_n._ TOR'TURER.--_adv._ TOR'TURINGLY, in a torturing manner: so as to torment or punish.--_adj._ TOR'TUROUS, causing torture. [Late L. _tortura_, torment--_torqu[=e]re_.]

TORUFFLED, too-ruf'ld, _adj._ (_Milt._) ruffled.

TORULA, tor'[=u]-la, _n._ a small torus: the yeast-plant.--_adjs._ TOR'ULIFORM; TOR'ULOID; TOR'ULOSE; TOR'ULOUS.--_n._ TOR'ULUS, the socket of the antenna. [L. _torulus_, dim. of _torus_, swelling.]

TORUS, t[=o]'rus, _n._ (_archit._) a moulding in the base of columns, the profile of which is semicircular: (_bot._) the receptacle or part of the flower on which the carpels stand: (_anat._) a rounded ridge, esp. one on the occipital bone of the skull:--_pl._ T[=O]'RI. [L., a round, swelling place, an elevation.]

TORY, t[=o]'ri, _n._ a Conservative in English politics--a term since 1830 largely superseded by Conservative, but since 1880 a good deal revived in the sense frequently of a non-conservative Conservative.--_v.t._ T[=O]'RIFY, to infect with Tory principles.--_n._ T[=O]'RYISM, the principles of the Tories. [Ir. _toiridhe_, a pursuer; first applied to the Irish bog-trotters and robbers; next, about 1680, to the most hot-headed asserters of the royal prerogative.]

TOSE, t[=o]z, _v.t._ (_obs._) to pull about, esp. to tease.--_adj._ T[=O]'SY, teased, soft.

TOSH, tosh, _adj._ (_Scot._) neat, trim.

TOSS, tos, _v.t._ to throw up suddenly or violently: to cause to rise and fall: to make restless: to agitate, pass from one to another: to toss up with: to drink off: to dress out smartly.--_v.i._ to be tossed: to be in violent commotion: to tumble about: to fling.--_n._ act of throwing upward: a throwing up of the head: confusion, commotion: a toss-up.--_v.t._ TOSS'EN (_Spens._), to toss, to brandish.--_n._ TOSS'ER.--_adv._ TOSS'ILY, pertly.--_ns._ TOSS'ING, the act of tossing or throwing upward: (_B._) violent commotion: (_mining_) process of washing ores; TOSS'-POT (_Shak._), a toper, a drunkard; TOSS'-UP, the throwing up of a coin to decide anything: an even chance or hazard.--_adj._ TOSS'Y, pert, contemptuous.--TOSS OFF, to drink off; TOSS UP, to throw up a coin and wager on which side it will fall. [Celt., as W. _tosio_, to jerk, _tos_, a quick jerk.]

TOST, a form of _tossed_, _pa.p._ of _toss_.

TOSTICATED, tos'ti-k[=a]-ted, _adj._ fuddled: perplexed--also TOS'SIC[=A]TED.--_n._ TOSTIC[=A]'TION, perplexity.

TOT, tot, _n._ anything little, esp. a child: a drinking-cup holding but half-a-pint, a small dram.--_n._ TOT'TIE, a dim. of tot. [Cf. Ice. _tottr_, a dwarf.]

TOT, tot, _v.t._ to add or sum up.--_n._ an addition of a long column. [Coll. abbrev. of _total_.]

TOTAL, t[=o]'tal, _adj._ whole: complete: undivided: unqualified, absolute.--_n._ the whole: the entire amount.--_v.t._ to bring to a total, add up: to amount to.--_ns._ T[=O]TALIS[=A]'TION; T[=O]TALIS[=A]'TOR, T[=O]'TAL[=I]SER, an automatic betting-machine.--_v.t._ T[=O]'TAL[=I]SE.--_ns._ T[=O]'TAL[=I]SER; T[=O]TAL'ITY, the whole sum, quantity, or amount.--_adv._ T[=O]'TALLY.--_n._ T[=O]'TALNESS, entireness. [Fr.,--Low L. _totalis_--L. _totus_, whole.]

TOTE, t[=o]t, _v.t._ to carry as a personal burden, to bear.--_n._ TOTE'-ROAD, a rough road for carriers.

TOTEM, t[=o]'tem, _n._ a natural object, not an individual but one of a class, taken by a tribe, a family, or a single person, and treated with superstitious respect as an outward symbol of an existing intimate unseen relation.--_adj._ TOTEM'IC.--_ns._ T[=O]'TEMISM, the use of totems as the foundation of a vast social system of alternate obligation and restriction; T[=O]'TEMIST, one designated by a totem.--_adj._ T[=O]'TEMISTIC. [Algonquin _otem_, which must be preceded by the personal article, as _kitotem_=the family-mark, _nind-otem_=my family-mark.]

T'OTHER, tuth'[.e]r, _indef. pron._ that other.

TOTIENT, t[=o]'shi-ent, _n._ the number of totitives of a number. [L. _toties_, so many.]

TOTIPALMATE, t[=o]-ti-pal'm[=a]t, _adj._ fully webbed in all four toes.--_n._ a bird showing this.--_n._ TOTIPALM[=A]'TION.

TOTITIVE, tot'i-tiv, _n._ a number less than another having with it no common divisor but unity.

TO-TORNE, t[=oo]-t[=o]rn', _p.adj._ (_Spens._) torn to pieces.

TOTTER, tot'[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake as if about to fall: to be unsteady: to stagger: to shake.--_n._ TOTT'ERER.--_adv._ TOTT'ERINGLY, in a tottering manner.--_adjs._ TOTT'ERY, shaky; TOTT'Y (_Spens._), tottering, unsteady. [For _tolter_--M. E. _tulten_--A.S. _tealtrian_, to totter, _tealt_, unsteady.]

TOUCAN, t[=oo]-kan', or t[=oo]'-, _n._ a genus of South American Picarian birds, with an immense beak. [Fr.,--Braz.]

TOUCH, tuch, _v.t._ to come in contact with: to perceive by feeling: to reach: to relate to: to handle or treat gently or slightly, as in 'to touch the hat,' &c.: to take, taste: to move or soften: to influence: to move to pity: to taint: (_slang_) to cheat: to lay the hand upon for the purpose of curing scrofula or king's evil--a practice that ceased only with the accession of the House of Brunswick.--_v.i._ to be in contact with: to make a passing call: to speak of anything slightly: (_prov._) to salute by touching the cap.--_n._ act of touching: a movement on a musical instrument, skill or nicety in such, a musical note or strain: any impression conveyed by contact, a hint, a slight sound: a stroke with a pen, brush, &c.: a tinge, smack, trace, a slight degree of a thing: sense of feeling, contact, close sympathy, harmony: peculiar or characteristic manner: a style of anything at a certain expenditure: a touchstone, test.--_adj._ TOUCH'ABLE, capable of being touched.--_n._ TOUCH'ABLENESS, the state or quality of being touchable.--_adj._ TOUCH'-AND-GO, of uncertain issue, ticklish, difficult.--_ns._ TOUCH'-BACK, the act of touching the football to the ground behind the player's own goal when it has been kicked by an opponent; TOUCH'-BOX, a box containing tinder, which used to be carried by soldiers armed with matchlocks; TOUCH'-DOWN, the touching to the ground of a football by a player behind the opponents' goal; TOUCH'ER; TOUCH'-HOLE, the small hole of a cannon through which the fire is communicated to the charge.--_adv._ TOUCH'ILY, in a touchy manner: peevishly.--_n._ TOUCH'INESS, the quality of being touchy: peevishness: irritability.--_adj._ TOUCH'ING, affecting: moving: pathetic.--_prep._ concerning: with regard to.--_adv._ TOUCH'INGLY.--_ns._ TOUCH'INGNESS; TOUCH'-ME-NOT, a plant of genus _Impatiens_: lupus; TOUCH'-NEE'DLE, a small bar or needle of gold for testing articles of the same metal by comparing the streaks they make on a touchstone with those made by the needle; TOUCH'-P[=A]'PER, paper steeped in saltpetre for firing a train of powder, &c.; TOUCH'PIECE, a coin or medal formerly given by English sovereigns to those whom they touched for the cure of the king's evil; TOUCH'STONE, a kind of compact basalt or stone for testing gold or silver by the streak of the touch-needle: any test; TOUCH'WOOD, some soft combustible material, as amadou, used as tinder.--_adj._ TOUCH'Y, irritable: peevish.--TOUCH UP, to improve by a series of small touches, to elaborate, embellish.--A NEAR TOUCH, a close shave. [Fr. _toucher_--from Old High Ger. _zucchen_ (Ger. _zucken_), to move, to draw.]

TOUGH, tuf, _adj._ not easily broken: firm: stiff, viscous, sticky: stubborn, hard to manage, trying: violent: tenacious: able to endure hardship.--_n._ a rough, a bully.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ TOUGH'EN, to make or become tough.--_adj._ TOUGH'ISH, rather tough.--_adv._ TOUGH'LY.--_n._ TOUGH'NESS. [A.S. _tóh_; cog. with Ger. _zähe_.]

TOUPEE, t[=oo]-p[=e]', _n._ a little tuft or lock of hair, the top of a periwig, a small wig. [Fr. _toupet_.]

TOUR, t[=oo]r, _n._ a going round: a journey in a circuit: a prolonged journey: a ramble.--_n._ TOUR'IST, one who makes a tour, a traveller for sight-seeing.--_adj._ TOURIS'TIC. [Fr.,--L. _tornus_, a turn.]

TOURACO, t[=oo]'ra-k[=o], or t[=oo]-rä'-, _n._ a bird about the size of a pheasant found in the Amazon region, whose structure shows many anomalies--the sternal apparatus, the divided muscular crop, and the reptilian character of the head of the unhatched chick.

TOURBILLON, t[=oo]r-bil'yun, _n._ anything with a spiral movement: a whirlwind: a kind of firework which gyrates in the air. [Fr., a whirlwind--L. _turbo_.]

TOURMALIN, -E, t[=oo]r'ma-lin, _n._ a beautiful mineral, with vitreous lustre, mostly black, brownish-black, and bluish-black. [From _Tourmali_, in Ceylon, whence a variety of the stone was first brought.]

TOURNAMENT, t[=oo]r'na-ment, _n._ a military sport of the Middle Ages in which combatants engaged one another to display their courage and skill in arms: any contest in skill involving a number of competitors and a series of games.--Also TOUR'NEY. [O. Fr. _tournoiement_, _tornoi_--_torner_--L. _torn[=a]re_, to turn.]

TOURNIQUET, t[=oo]r'ni-ket, _n._ an instrument for compressing the main artery of the thigh or arm, either for the purpose of preventing too great a loss of blood in amputation, or to check dangerous hæmorrhage from accidental wounds, or to stop the circulation through an aneurism. [Fr., _tourner_--L. _torn[=a]re_, to turn.]

TOURNURE, t[=oo]r-n[=u]r', _n._ contour, the characteristic turn of a drawing: a pad worn by women to give the hips a well-rounded outline, the drapery at the back of a gown.

TOUSE, towz, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to pull, to tear, to tease or worry:--_pr.p._ tous'ing; _pa.p._ toused.--_n._ a pull: a disturbance.--_n._ TOUS'ER, one who, or that which, touses.--_v.t._ TOUS'LE (_coll._), to disarrange, to tumble.--_adj._ TOUS'Y, shaggy, unkempt, tousled.

TOUT, towt, _v.i._ to look out for custom in an obtrusive way.--_n._ one who does so: a low fellow who hangs about racing-stables, &c., to pick up profitable information.--_n._ TOUT'ER, one who touts. [A.S. _tótian_, to look out.]

TOUT, towt, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to pout.--_n._ a pet, a fit of the sulks, a sudden illness.--_adj._ TOUT'IE, petulant.

TOW, t[=o], _v.t._ to pull a vessel through the water with a rope.--_n._ originally a rope for towing with: the coarse part of flax or hemp: the act of towing.--_ns._ TOW'AGE, act of towing: money for towing; TOW'-BOAT, a boat that is towed, or one used for towing other vessels.--_n.pl._ TOW'ING-BITTS, upright timbers projecting above the deck for fastening tow-lines to.--_ns._ TOW'ING-NET, a drag-net for collecting objects of natural history, &c.; TOW'ING-PATH, TOW'-PATH, a path, generally by the side of a canal or river, for horses towing barges; TOW'-[=I]'RON, a toggle-iron used in whaling; TOW'LINE, a line used in towing.--_adj._ TOW'Y, like tow. [A.S. _teóhan_, _teón_. Cf. _Tug_.]

TOWARD, t[=o]'ard, TOWARDS, t[=o]'ardz, _prep._ in the direction of: with a tendency to: for, as a help to: near, about.--_adv._ nearly: in a state of preparation. [A.S. _tóweard_, _adj._--_tó_, to, and _ward_, sig. direction.]

TOWARD, -LY, t[=o]'ward, -li, _adj._ ready to do or learn: apt.--_ns._ T[=O]'WARDNESS, T[=O]'WARDLINESS.

TOWEL, tow'el, _n._ a cloth for wiping the skin after it is washed, and for other purposes: an altar-cloth.--_ns._ TOW'EL-HORSE, -RACK, a frame for hanging towels on; TOW'ELLING, cloth for towels: a thrashing.--A LEAD TOWEL, a bullet; AN OAKEN TOWEL, a cudgel. [O. Fr. _touaille_--Old High Ger. _twahilla_ (Ger. _zwehle_)--Old High Ger. _twahan_, to wash.]

TOWER, tow'[.e]r, _n._ a lofty building, standing alone or forming part of another: a fortress: (_her._) a bearing representing a tower with battlements, &c.: a high head-dress worn by women under William III. and Anne.--_v.i._ to rise into the air: to be lofty.--_v.t._ (_Milt._) to rise aloft into.--_adjs._ TOW'ERED, having towers; TOW'ERING, very high, elevated: very violent; TOW'ERY, having towers: lofty. [O. Fr. _tur_--L. _turris_, a tower.]

TOWHEE, tow'h[=e], _n._ the chewink, ground-robin, or marsh-robin of the United States. [Imit.]

TOWN, town, _n._ a place larger than a village, not a city: the inhabitants of a town.--_ns._ TOWN'-CLERK, a clerk who keeps the records of a town; TOWN'-COUN'CIL, the governing body in a town, elected by the ratepayers; TOWN'-COUN'CILLOR, a member of a town-council; TOWN'-CR[=I]'ER, one who cries or makes public proclamations in a town; TOWN'HALL, a public hall for the official business of a town; TOWN'HOUSE, a house or building for transacting the public business of a town: a house in town as opposed to one in the country.--_adj._ TOWN'ISH, characteristic of town as opposed to country.--_ns._ TOWN'LAND, a township; TOWN'-MEET'ING, in New England, a primary meeting of the voters of a town.--_n.pl._ TOWNS'FOLK, the folk or people of a town.--_ns._ TOWN'SHIP, the territory or district of a town: the corporation of a town: a district; TOWNS'MAN, an inhabitant or fellow-inhabitant of a town.--_n.pl._ TOWNS'PEOPLE, townsfolk.--_ns._ TOWN'-TALK, the general talk of a town: the subject of common conversation; TOWN'Y, a townsman. [A.S. _tún_, an enclosure, town; Ice. _tún_, an enclosure, Ger. _zaun_, a hedge.]

TO-WORNE, t[=oo]-worn', _p.adj._ (_Spens._) worn-out.

TOXICOLOGY, tok-si-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of poisons.--_ns._ TOX[=E]'MIA, TOXÆ'MIA, TOXIC[=E]'MIA, TOXICÆ'MIA, blood-poisoning.--_adjs._ TOX[=E]'MIC, TOXÆ'MIC, septicemic; TOX'IC, -AL, pertaining to poisons, toxicological.--_adv._ TOX'ICALLY.--_adj._ TOX'ICANT, poisoning.--_n._ a poison.--_adj._ TOXICOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to toxicology.--_adv._ TOXICOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ TOXICOL'OGIST, one versed in toxicology; TOXIC[=O]'SIS, a morbid condition caused by the action of a poison; TOX'IN, -E, a poisonous ptomaine. [Gr. _toxikon_, arrow-poison--_toxikos_, for the bow--_toxon_, a bow, _logia_--_legein_, to say.]

TOXOPHILITE, tok-sof'i-l[=i]t, _n._ a lover of archery: an archer.--_adj._ TOXOPHILIT'IC. [Gr. _toxon_, a bow, _philein_, to love.]

TOY, toi, _n._ a child's plaything: a trifle: a thing only for amusement or look: a curious conceit, a story: a matter of no importance: amorous sport.--_v.i._ to trifle: to dally amorously.--_n._ TOY'ER, one who toys.--_adj._ TOY'ISH, given to toying or trifling: playful: wanton.--_adv._ TOY'ISHLY.--_ns._ TOY'ISHNESS; TOY'MAN, one who deals in toys; TOY'SHOP, a shop where toys are sold.--_adj._ TOY'SOME, disposed to toy: wanton. [Dut. _tuig_, tools; Ger. _zeng_, stuff.]

TOYLE, toil (_Spens._). Same as _Toil_ (1).

TOZE, t[=o]z, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to pull by violence or importunity:--_pr.p._ t[=o]z'ing; _pa.p._ t[=o]zed.

TRABEATED, trä-b[=e]-[=a]'ted, _adj._ having an entablature: belonging to beam or lintel construction.--_adj._ TRAB'AL.--_ns._ TR[=A]'B[=E]A, a robe of state worn by consuls, augurs, &c. in ancient Rome:--_pl._ TR[=A]'BEÆ; TRAB[=E][=A]'TION, an entablature: combination of beams in a structure; TRABEC'ULA (_bot._), a projection from the cell-wall across the cell-cavity of the ducts of certain plants: one of the fibrous cords of connective tissue in the substance of spleen, kidneys, &c.: one of the fleshy columns, or _columnæ carneæ_, in the ventricle of the heart, to which the chordæ tendineæ are attached: (_entom._) one of the pair of movable appendages on the head, in front of the antennæ of some mallophagous insects--also TRABEC'ULUS:--_pl._ TRABEC'ULÆ.--_adj._ TRABEC'ULAR.--_n._ TRABEC'ULARISM.--_adjs._ TRABEC'ULATE, -D, having a trabecula. [L. _trabs_, a beam.]

TRACE, tr[=a]s, _n._ a mark left: footprint: a small quantity: (_fort._) the ground-plan of a work.--_v.t._ to follow by tracks or footsteps, to discover the tracks of, to follow step by step, to traverse: to follow with exactness: to sketch: to cover with traced lines or tracery.--_v.i._ to move, travel: to dance.--_adj._ TRACE'ABLE, that may be traced.--_n._ TRACE'ABLENESS.--_adv._ TRACE'ABLY.--_ns._ TR[=A]'CER; TR[=A]'CERY, ornamentation traced in flowing outline: the beautiful forms in stone with which the arches of Gothic windows are filled for the support of the glass. [Fr.,--L. _tructus_, pa.p. of _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]

TRACE, tr[=a]s, _n._ one of the straps by which a vehicle is drawn. [O. Fr. _trays_, _trais_, same as _traits_, pl. of _trait_; cf. TRAIT.]

TRACHEA, tra-k[=e]'a, _n._ that part of the air-passages which lies between the larynx and the bronchi:--_pl._ TRACH[=E]'Æ.--_adjs._ TR[=A]'CH[=E]AL, pertaining to the trachea; TR[=A]'CH[=E]AN, having tracheæ.--_n.pl._ TR[=A]CH[=E][=A]'RIA, the tracheate arachnidans.--_adjs._ TR[=A]CH[=E][=A]'RIAN, pertaining to the tracheate arachnidans; TRA'CH[=E][=A]RY, pertaining to the trachea; TR[=A]'CH[=E][=A]TE, -D, having a trachea.--_ns._ TR[=A]CHENCH'YMA, tracheary tissue; TR[=A]CH[=E][=O]BRANCH'IA, a breathing-organ of certain aquatic insect larvæ.--_adj._ TR[=A]CH[=E][=O]BRONCH'IAL, pertaining to the trachea and the bronchi.--_n._ TR[=A]CH[=E]'[=O]C[=E]LE, an enlargement of the thyroid gland.--_adj._ TR[=A]CH[=E][=O]SCOP'IC, pertaining to tracheoscopy.--_ns._ TR[=A]CH[=E]'[=O]SCOPIST, one who practises tracheoscopy; TR[=A]CH[=E]'[=O]SC[=O]PY, the inspection of the trachea; TR[=A]'CHEOTOME, a knife used in tracheotomy; TR[=A]CH[=E]OT'[=O]MIST, one who practices tracheotomy; TR[=A]CHEOT'OMY, the operation of making an opening in the trachea; TR[=A]CH[=I]'TIS, TRACH[=E][=I]'TIS, inflammation of the trachea. [L. _trach[=i]a_--Gr. _trachys_, _tracheia_, rough.]

TRACHELIUM, tr[=a]-k[=e]'li-um, _n._ the neck of a column: a genus of _Campanulaceæ_, native to the Mediterranean region.--_adj._ TR[=A]CH[=E]LO-OCCIP'ITAL, pertaining to the nape of the neck and the hind-head. [Gr. _trach[=e]los_, the neck.]

TRACHINUS, tr[=a]-k[=i]'nus, _n._ the typical genus of _Trachinidæ_, a family of acanthopterygian fishes, the weevers. [Gr. _trachys_, rough.]

TRACHLE, TRAUCHLE, träh'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to draggle: to fatigue.--_n._ a long and exhausting effort.--_adj._ TRACH'LY, dirty, slovenly.

TRACHOMA, tra-k[=o]'ma, _n._ a disease of the eye, with hard pustules on the inner surface of the eyelids.

TRACHURUS, tr[=a]-k[=u]'rus, _n._ a genus of carangoid fishes, the saurels. [Gr. _trachys_, rough, _oura_, tail.]

TRACHYTE, tr[=a]'k[=i]t, _n._ a crystalline igneous rock, generally grayish in colour, usually fine-grained or compact, more or less markedly porphyritic, with large crystals of sanidine and scales of black mica.--_adjs._ TRACHYT'IC; TRACH'YTOID. [Gr. _trachys_, rough.]

TRACING, tr[=a]'sing, _n._ act of one who traces: act of copying by marking on thin paper the lines of a pattern placed beneath: the copy so produced.--_n._ TR[=A]'CING-P[=A]'PER, a transparent paper which, when laid over a drawing, &c., allows the drawing to be seen through it, so that a copy can be made by tracing the lines of the original on the paper.

TRACK, trak, _v.t._ to follow by marks or footsteps: to tow: to traverse: to make marks upon.--_n._ a mark left: footprint: a beaten path: course laid out for horse, foot, or bicycle races: the two continuous lines of rails on which railway carriages run.--_ns._ TRACK'AGE, a drawing or towing, as of a boat; TRACK'-BOAT, a boat towed by a line from the shore; TRACK'-CLEAR'ER, a guard in front of the wheels of a locomotive, &c., to clear any obstruction from the track; TRACK'ER, one who, or that which, tracks; TRACK'-LAY'ER, a workman engaged in laying railway-tracks.--_adj._ TRACK'LESS, without a path: untrodden.--_adv._ TRACK'LESSLY.--_ns._ TRACK'LESSNESS; TRACK'MAN, one who has charge of a railway-track; TRACK'-ROAD, a towing-path; TRACK'-WALK'ER, a trackman having charge of a certain section of railway-track.--IN ONE'S TRACKS, just where one stands; MAKE TRACKS, to go away hastily, to decamp; MAKE TRACKS FOR, to go after; OFF THE TRACK, derailed, of a railway carriage, &c.: away from the proper subject. [Fr. _trac_--Dut. _trek_, draught, _trekken_, to draw.]

TRACT, trakt, _n._ something drawn out or extended: continued duration: a region, area: a short treatise: an anthem sung instead of the Alleluia after the gradual, or instead of it, from Septuagesima till Easter-eve.--_n._ TRACTABIL'ITY, quality or state of being tractable: docility.--_adj._ TRAC'TABLE, easily drawn, managed, or taught: docile.--_n._ TRAC'TABLENESS.--_adv._ TRAC'TABLY.--_n._ TRAC'TATE, a treatise, tract.--_adj._ TRAC'TILE, that may be drawn out.--_ns._ TRACTIL'ITY, the quality of being tractile: ductility; TRAC'TION, act of drawing or state of being drawn; TRAC'TION-EN'GINE, a steam vehicle for hauling heavy weights along a road, &c.--_adj._ TRAC'TIVE, that draws or pulls.--_ns._ TRAC'TOR, that which draws, esp. in _pl._ metallic tractors, two bars of iron and of steel, drawn over diseased parts of the body to give supposed relief; TRACTOR[=A]'TION, the use of metallic tractors in medicine. [L. _tractus_, pa.p. of _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]

TRACTARIAN, trakt-[=a]r'i-an, _n._ one of the writers of the famous _Tracts for the Times_, published at Oxford during the years 1833-41--Pusey, Newman, Keble, Hurrell Froude, and Isaac Williams.--_ns._ TRACT[=A]R'IANISM, the system of religious opinion promulgated in these, its main aim to assert the authority and dignity of the Anglican Church; TRACT[=A]'TOR, one of the writers of the foregoing.

TRADE, tr[=a]d, _n._ buying and selling: commerce: occupation, craft; men engaged in the same occupation: rubbish.--_v.i._ to buy and sell: to act merely for money.--_v.i._ to traffic with.--_adjs._ TR[=A]D'ED (_Shak._), versed, practised; TRADE'FUL (_Spens._), commercial, busy in traffic.--_ns._ TRADE'-HALL, a hall for the meetings of any trade or guild; TRADE'-MARK, any name or distinctive device warranting goods for sale as the production of any individual or firm; TRADE'-PRICE, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or are sold by wholesale to retail dealers; TR[=A]'DER; TRADE'-SALE, an auction sale of goods by producers, &c., to persons in the trade.--_n.pl._ TRADES'-FOLK, people employed in trade.--_n._ TRADES'MAN, a common name for a shopkeeper: a mechanic:--_fem._ TRADES'WOMAN.--_n.pl._ TRADES'PEO'PLE, people employed in various trades, esp. shopkeeping, &c.--_ns._ TRADES'-UN'ION, TRADE'-UN'ION, an organised association of the workmen of any trade or industry for the protection of their common interests; TRADE'-UN'IONISM; TRADE'-UN'IONIST; TRADE'-WIND, a wind blowing steadily toward the thermal equator and deflected westwardly by the eastward rotation of the earth.--_adj._ TR[=A]'DING, carrying on commerce (also _n._): (_Milt._) frequented by traders, denoting places where the trade-winds blow.--TRADE ON, to take advantage of.--BOARD OF TRADE, a department of government for control of railways, mercantile marine, harbours, and commercial matters generally. [A.S. _træd_, pa.t. of tredan, to tread. Not Fr. _traite_, transport of goods--L. _tract[=a]re_, freq. of _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]

TRADE, tr[=a]d, _n._ (_Spens._) same as TREAD: (_Shak._) beaten path.

TRADITION, tra-dish'un, _n._ the handing down of opinions or practices to posterity unwritten: a belief or practice thus handed down.--_adjs._ TRADI'TIONAL, TRADI'TIONARY, delivered by tradition.--_ns._ TRADI'TIONALISM; TRADITIONAL'ITY.--_advs._ TRADI'TIONALLY, TRADI'TIONARILY.--_n._ TRADI'TIONIST, one who adheres to tradition.--_adj._ TRAD'ITIVE, traditional. [L.,--_trans_, over, _d[)a]re_, to give.]

TRADITOR, trad'i-tor, _n._ one of those early Christians who under persecution gave up copies of the Scriptures, the sacred vessels, or the names of their fellow-Christians. [L.,--_trad[)e]re_; to give up.]

TRADUCE, tra-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to calumniate: to defame.--_ns._ TRADUCE'MENT, the act of traducing: (_Shak._) misrepresentation, calumny; TRAD[=U]'CER.--_adj._ TRAD[=U]'CIBLE.--_adv._ TRAD[=U]'CINGLY. [L. _traduc[)e]re_, to lead along--_trans_, across, _duc[)e]re_, to lead.]