Chapter III: Front Matter (3)

SAURIAN, saw'ri-an, _n._ a reptile or animal covered with scales, as the lizard.--_adj._ pertaining to, or of the nature of, a saurian.--_n.pl._ SAU'RIA, a division of reptiles formerly including lizards, crocodiles, dinosaurians, pterodactyls, &c.: a scaly reptile with legs, a lacertilian: one of the sauropsida.--_n._ SAURAN'ODON, a genus of toothless reptiles, whose fossil remains are found in the Rocky Mountains.--_adj._ SAURAN'ODONT.--_ns._ SAURICH'NITE, the fossil track of a saurian; SAUR'[=O]DON, a genus of fossil fishes of the Cretaceous age.--_adj._ SAUR'OID, resembling the lizard: reptilian.--_n._ SAUROM'ALUS, a genus of plump lizards, including the alderman-lizard.--_n.pl._ SAUROP'ODA, an order of lizards containing gigantic dinosaurs.--_adj._ SAUROP'ODOUS.--_n.pl._ SAUROP'SIDA, the monocondyla, including birds and reptiles.--_adj._ SAUROP'SIDAN.--_n.pl._ SAUROPTERYG'IA, an order of fossil saurians, usually called _Plesiosauria_.--_adj._ SAUROPTERYG'IAN. [Gr. _saura_, _sauros_, the lizard.]

SAURLESS, sawr'les, _adj._ (_Scot._) savourless: tasteless.

SAUROGNATHÆ, saw-rog'n[=a]-th[=e], _n.pl._ a family of birds containing the woodpeckers and their allies.--_n._ SAUROG'N[=A]THISM, the peculiar arrangement of the bones of their palates.--_adj._ SAUROG'N[=A]THOUS. [Gr. _sauros_, a lizard, gnathos, the jaw.]

SAUROPHAGOUS, saw-rof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on reptiles. [Gr. _sauros_, a lizard, _phagein_, to eat.]

SAUROTHERINÆ, saw-r[=o]-th[=e]-r[=i]'n[=e], _n.pl._ the ground-cuckoos, a sub-family of _Cuculidæ_, the typical genus SAUROTH[=E]'RA. [Gr. _sauros_, a lizard, _th[=e]r_, a beast.]

SAURURÆ, saw-r[=oo]'r[=e], _n.pl._ a sub-class or order of Aves, of Jurassic age, based upon the genus _Archæopteryx_--also called SAUROR'NITHES.--_adj._ SAURU'ROUS, lizard-tailed, as the foregoing birds.

SAURURUS, saw-r[=oo]'rus, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants of the order _Piperaceæ_.--_n.pl._ SAURU'R[=E]Æ, a family of these. [Gr. _sauros_, a lizard, _oura_, a tail.]

SAURUS, saw'rus, _n._ the genus of lizard-fishes.

SAURY, saw'ri, _n._ the skipper, a species of the family _Scomberesocidæ_, with elongated body and head, the jaws produced into a sharp beak.

SAUSAGE, saw's[=a]j, _n._ a gut stuffed with chopped meat salted and seasoned.--_n._ SAU'SAGE-POI'SONING, poisoning by spoiled sausages. [Fr. _saucisse_--Low L. _salcitia_--L. _salsus_, salted.]

SAUSSUREA, saw-s[=u]'r[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of composite plants of the order _Cynaroideæ_. [Named after the Swiss botanists, H. B. de _Saussure_ (1740-99), and his son, Nic. Théodore de _Saussure_ (1767-1845).]

SAUSSURITE, saw-s[=u]'r[=i]t, _n._ a fine-grained compact mineral, of grayish colour.--_adj._ SAUSSURIT'IC.

SAUT, sawt, a Scotch form of _salt_.

SAUTER, s[=o]-t[=a]', _v.t._ to fry lightly and quickly. [Fr.]

SAUTEREAU, s[=o]-te-r[=o]', _n._ the jack or hopper of a pianoforte, &c. [Fr.]

SAUTERELLE, s[=o]-te-rel', _n._ an instrument for tracing angles. [Fr.]

SAUTERNE, s[=o]-t[.e]rn', _n._ an esteemed white wine produced at Sauterne, in the Gironde, France.

SAUTOIRE, SAUTOIR, s[=o]-twor', _n._ (_her._) a ribbon worn diagonally. [_Saltier_.]

SAUVAGESIA, saw-v[=a]-j[=e]'si-a, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants of the violet family. [Named from the French botanist P. A. Boissier de la Croix de _Sauvages_ (1710-95).]

SAUVEGARDE, s[=o]v'gärd, _n._ a monitor-lizard: a safeguard. [Fr.]

SAVAGE, sav'[=a]j, _adj._ wild: uncivilised: fierce: cruel: brutal: (_her._) nude: naked.--_n._ a human being in a wild state: a brutal, fierce, or cruel person: a barbarian.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to make savage, to play the savage.--_n._ SAV'AGEDOM, a savage state: savages collectively.--_adv._ SAV'AGELY.--_ns._ SAV'AGENESS; SAV'AGERY, fierceness: ferocity: wild growth of plants; SAV'AGISM. [O. Fr. _salvage_--L. _silvaticus_, pertaining to the woods--_silva_, a wood.]

SAVANNA, SAVANNAH, sa-van'a, _n._ a tract of level land, covered with low vegetation: a treeless plain.--_ns._ SAVANN'A-FLOW'ER, a genus of the milk-weed family, West Indies; SAVANN'A-SPARR'OW, the sparrow common through North America; SAVANN'A-WATT'LE, a name of certain West Indian trees, also called _Fiddlewood_. [Sp. _savana_, _sabana_, a sheet, a meadow--Low L. _sabanum_--Gr. _sabanon_, a linen cloth.]

SAVANT, sav-ang', _n._ a learned man. [Fr., pr.p. of _savoir_, to know.]

SAVE, s[=a]v, _v.t._ to bring safe out of evil: to rescue: to reserve: to spare: to deliver from the power of sin and from its consequences: to husband: to hoard: to be in time for: to obviate, to prevent something worse.--_v.i._ to be economical.--_prep._ except.--_adjs._ SAV'ABLE, SAVE'ABLE.--_ns._ SAV'ABLENESS; SAVE'-ALL, a contrivance intended to save anything from being wasted.--_v.t._ SAVE'GUARD (_Spens._), to protect.--_ns._ S[=A]'VER, one who saves; SAVE'-REV'ERENCE, or _Sir-reverence_, an apologetic phrase in conversation to cover anything offensive.--_adj._ S[=A]'VING, disposed to save or be economical: incurring no loss: preserving from wrong: frugal: implying a condition, as a saving clause: exceptional: (_theol._) securing salvation.--_prep._ excepting.--_n._ that which is saved: (_pl._) earnings.--_adv._ S[=A]'VINGLY, so as to secure salvation.--_ns._ S[=A]'VINGNESS; S[=A]'VINGS-BANK, a bank for the receipt of small deposits by poor persons, and their accumulation at compound interest.--SAVE APPEARANCES, to keep up an appearance of wealth, comfort, or propriety. [Fr. _sauver_--L. _salv[=a]re_--_salvus_, safe.]

SAVELOY, sav'e-loi, _n._ a kind of sausage made of meat chopped and seasoned, orig. of brains. [Fr. _cervelat_, _cervelas_, a saveloy--It. _cervelata_--_cervello_, brain--L. _cerebellum_, dim. of _cerebrum_, the brain.]

SAVIGNY, sa-v[=e]'nyi, _n._ a red wine of Burgundy.

SAVIN, SAVINE, sav'in, _n._ a low much-branched and widely-spreading shrub (_Juniperus Sabina_), with very small imbricated evergreen leaves, its fresh tops yielding an irritant volatile oil, anthelmintic and abortifacient: the American red cedar. [O. Fr. _sabine_--L. _sabina_ (_herba_), Sabine herb.]

SAVIOUR, s[=a]'vyur, _n._ one who saves from evil: a deliverer, a title applied to Jesus Christ, who saves men from the power and penalty of sin.

SAVOIR-FAIRE, sav-wor-f[=a]r', _n._ the faculty of knowing just what to do and how to do it: tact. [Fr.]

SAVOIR-VIVRE, sav-wor-v[=e]'vr, _n._ good breeding: knowledge of polite usages. [Fr.]

SAVONETTE, sav-[=o]-net', _n._ a kind of toilet soap: a West Indian tree whose bark serves as soap.

SAVORY, s[=a]'vor-i, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order _Labiatæ_, nearly allied to thyme. The Common Savory gives an aromatic pungent flavour to viands. [_Savour._]

SAVOUR, SAVOR, s[=a]'vur, _n._ taste: odour: scent: (_B._) reputation: characteristic property: pleasure.--_v.i._ to have a particular taste or smell: to be like: to smack.--_v.t._ to smell: to relish: to season.--_adv._ S[=A]'VOURILY.--_n._ S[=A]'VOURINESS.--_adjs._ S[=A]'VOURLESS, wanting savour; S[=A]'VOURLY, well seasoned: of good taste; S[=A]'VOURY, having savour or relish: pleasant: with gusto: morally pleasant. [Fr. _saveur_--L. _sapor_--_sap[)e]re_, to taste.]

SAVOY, sa-voi', _n._ a cultivated winter variety of cabbage, forming a large close head like the true cabbage, but having wrinkled leaves--originally from _Savoy_.--_ns._ SAVOY'ARD, a native of Savoy, since 1860 part of France; SAVOY'-MED'LAR, a tree related to the June-berry or shad-bush.

SAVVY, SAVVEY, sav'i, _v.t._ to know: to understand.--_v.i._ to possess knowledge.--_n._ general ability. [Sp. _sabe_--_saber_, to know--L. _sap[)e]re_, to be wise.]

SAW, saw, _pa.t._ of _see_.

SAW, saw, _n._ an instrument for cutting, formed of a blade, band, or disc of thin steel, with a toothed edge.--_v.t._ to cut with a saw.--_v.i._ to use a saw: to be cut with a saw:--_pa.t._ sawed; _pa.p._ sawed or sawn.--_ns._ SAW'-BACK, the larva of an American bombycid moth; SAW'-BONES, a slang name for a surgeon; SAW'DUST, dust or small pieces of wood, &c., made in sawing; SAW'ER; SAW'-FILE, a three-cornered file used for sharpening the teeth of saws; SAW'-FISH, a genus of cartilaginous fishes distinguished by the prolongation of the snout into a formidable weapon bordered on each side by sharp teeth; SAW'-FLY, the common name of a number of hymenopterous insects, injurious to plants; SAW'-FRAME, the frame in which a saw is set; SAW'-GRASS, a marsh plant of the southern states of the American Union, with long slender leaves; SAW'-HORN, any insect with serrate antennæ; SAW'MILL, a mill for sawing timber; SAW'PIT, a pit where wood is sawed; SAW'-SET, an instrument for turning the teeth of saws alternately right and left; SAW'-SHARP'ENER, the greater titmouse; SAW'-T[=A]'BLE, the platform of a sawing-machine; SAW'-TEM'PERING, the process by which the requisite hardness and elasticity are given to a saw.--_adj._ SAW'-TOOTHED, having teeth like those of a saw: (_bot._) having tooth-like notches, as a leaf.--_ns._ SAW'-WHET, the Acadian owl; SAW'-WHET'TER, the marsh titmouse; SAW'YER, one who saws timber: a stranded tree in a river in America: any wood-boring larva: the bowfin fish. [A.S. _saga_; Ger. _säge_.]

SAW, saw, _n._ a saying: a proverb: a degree: a joke. [A.S. _sagu_--_secgan_, to say.]

SAW, saw, _n._ (_Scot._) salve.

SAWDER, saw'd[.e]r, _n._ flattery, blarney.

SAWNEY, SAWNY, saw'ni, _n._ a Scotchman. [For _Sandy_ from _Alexander_.]

SAX, saks, _n._ a knife, a dagger: a slate-cutter's hammer. [A.S. _seax_, a knife.]

SAX, a Scotch form of _six_.

SAXATILE, sak'sa-til, _adj._ rock inhabiting. [L. _saxatilis_--_saxum_, a rock.]

SAXE, saks, _n._ (_phot._) a German albuminised paper.

SAXHORN, saks'horn, _n._ a brass wind-instrument having a long winding tube with bell opening, invented by Antoine or Adolphe _Sax_, of Paris, about 1840.

SAXICAVA, sak-sik'a-va, _n._ a genus of bivalve molluscs.--_adj._ SAXIC'AVOUS. [L. _saxum_, a rock, _cavus_, hollow.]

SAXICOLA, sak-sik'[=o]-la, _n._ the stone-chats: the wheat-ear.--_adjs._ SAXIC'[=O]LINE, SAXIC'[=O]LOUS, living among rocks. [L. _saxum_, a rock, _col[)e]re_, inhabit.]

SAXIFRAGE, sak'si-fr[=a]j, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order _Saxifrageæ_ or _Saxifragaceæ_, its species chiefly mountain and rock plants.--_adjs._ SAXIFRAG[=A]'CEOUS, SAXIF'R[=A]GAL, SAXIF'R[=A]GANT, SAXIF'R[=A]GOUS.--_n._ SAXIF'R[=A]GINE, a gunpowder in which barium nitrate takes the place of sulphur.--_adj._ SAXIG'ENOUS, growing on rocks.--BURNET SAXIFRAGE, the _Pimpinella Saxifraga_, whose leaves are eaten as a salad; GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE, a low half-succulent herb with yellow flowers. [Fr.,--L. _saxum_, a stone, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

SAXON, saks'un, _n._ one of the people of North Germany who conquered England in the 5th and 6th centuries: the language of the Saxons: one of the English race: a native or inhabitant of Saxony in its later German sense: a Lowlander of Scotland: modern English.--_adj._ pertaining to the Saxons, their language, country, or architecture.--_n._ SAX'ONDOM, the Anglo-Saxon world.--_adj._ SAXON'IC.--_v.t._ SAX'ONISE, to impregnate with Saxon ideas.--_ns._ SAX'ONISM, a Saxon idiom; SAX'ONIST, a Saxon scholar.--SAXON ARCHITECTURE, a style of building in England before the Norman Conquest, marked by the peculiar 'long and short' work of the quoins, the projecting fillets running up the face of the walls and interlacing like woodwork, and the baluster-like shafts between the openings of the upper windows resembling the turned woodwork of the period; SAXON BLUE, a deep liquid blue used in dyeing; SAXON GREEN, a green colour; SAXON SHORE (_Litus Saxonicum_), in Roman times, the coast districts of Britain from Brighton northwards to the Wash, peculiarly exposed to the attacks of the Saxons from across the North Sea, and therefore placed under the authority of a special officer, the 'Count of the Saxon Shore.' [A.S. _Seaxe_--_seax_, Old High Ger. _sahs_, a knife, a short sword.]

SAXONY, sak'sni, _n._ a woollen material: flannel.

SAXOPHONE, sak's[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ a brass wind-instrument, with about twenty finger-keys, like the clarinet. [_Sax_, the inventor--Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, the voice.]

SAY, s[=a], _v.t._ to utter in words: to speak: to declare: to state: to answer: to rehearse: to recite: to take for granted.--_v.i._ to speak: to relate: to state:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ said (sed).--_n._ something said: a remark: a speech: a saw.--_ns._ SAY'ER, one who says: a speaker: one who assays; SAY'ING, something said: an expression: a maxim; SAY'-SO, an authoritative declaration: a rumour, a mere report.--SAY TO, to think of.--IT IS SAID, or THEY SAY, it is commonly reputed; IT SAYS, equivalent to 'it is said;' THAT IS TO SAY, in other words. [A.S. _secgan_ (sægde, gesægd); Ice. _segja_, Ger. _sagen_.]

SAY, s[=a], _n._ (_Spens._) assay, proof, temper (of a sword): (_Shak._) taste, relish: a sample: trial by sample.--_v.t._ to assay, to try.--_n._ SAY'MASTER, one who makes proof. [A contr. of _assay_.]

SAY, s[=a], _n._ a thin kind of silk: a kind of woollen stuff.--_adj._ (_Shak._) silken. [O. Fr. _saie_--Low L. _seta_, silk--L. _seta_, a bristle.]

SAY, s[=a], _n._ (_Scot._) a strainer for milk.

SAYETTE, s[=a]-et', _n._ a kind of serge: a woollen yarn. [Fr. _sayette_, dim. of _saye_, serge.]

SAYNAY, s[=a]'n[=a], _n._ a lamprey.

SAYON, s[=a]'on, _n._ a medieval peasant's sleeveless jacket. [O. Fr.,--_saye_, serge.]

SAYORNIS, s[=a]-or'nis, _n._ the pewit fly-catchers. [Thomas _Say_, an American ornithologist.]

SBIRRO, sbir'r[=o], _n._ an Italian police-officer:--_pl._ SBIRRI (sbir'r[=e]). [It.]

'SBLOOD, sblud, _interj._ an imprecation. [_God's blood_.]

SCAB, skab, _n._ a crust formed over a sore: a disease of sheep resembling the mange: a disease of potatoes, or a fungous disease of apples, &c.: a mean fellow: a workman who refuses to join a trades-union or to take part in a strike, or who takes the place of a man out on strike.--_v.i._ to heal over, to cicatrise: to form a new surface by encrustation.--_n._ (_print._) a scale-board.--_adj._ SCAB'BED, affected or covered with scabs: diseased with the scab: vile, worthless.--_ns._ SCAB'BEDNESS; SCAB'BINESS.--_adj._ SCAB'BY, scabbed: injured by the attachment of barnacles to the carapace of a shell: (_print._) of matter that is blotched or uneven.--_n._ SCAB'-MITE, the itch-mite. [A.S _scæb_ (Dan. _scab_, Ger. _schabe_)--L. _scabies_--_scab[)e]re_, to scratch.]

SCABBARD, skab'ard, _n._ the case in which the blade of a sword is kept: a sheath.--_v.t._ to provide with a sheath.--_n._ SCABB'ARD-FISH, a fish of the family _Lepidopodidæ_. [M. E. _scauberk_, prob. an assumed O. Fr. _escauberc_--Old High Ger. _scala_, a scale, _bergan_, to protect.]

SCABBLE, skab'l, _v.t._ to hew a stone to a level surface without making it smooth.--Also SCAPP'LE. [Prob. A.S. _scafan_, to shave.]

SCABELLUM, sk[=a]-bel'um, _n._ an ancient musical appliance, consisting of plates of metal, &c., fastened to the feet to be struck together. [L., also _scabillum_, dim. of _scamnum_, a bench.]

SCABERULOUS, sk[=a]-ber'[=u]-lus, _adj._ (_bot._) slightly roughened. [_Scabrous_.]

SCABIES, sk[=a]'bi-[=e]z, _n._ the itch. [L.,--_scab[)e]re_, to scratch.]

SCABIOSA, sk[=a]-bi-[=o]'sa, _n._ a genus of herbaceous plants of the teasel family, as the _Devil's-bit scabious_, the _Sweet scabious_, &c.--the former long thought efficacious in scaly eruptions.

SCABIOUS, sk[=a]'bi-us, _adj._ scabby: scurfy: itchy.--_n._ SCABRED'ITY, roughness: ruggedness.--_adj._ SC[=A]'BRID, rough.--_n._ SCABRIT'IES, a morbid roughness of the inner surface of the eyelid.--_adj._ SC[=A]'BROUS, rough to the touch, like a file: rugged: covered with little points: harsh: unmusical.--_n._ SC[=A]'BROUSNESS. [L. _scabiosus_--_scabies_, the itch.]

SCAD, skad, _n._ a carangoid fish, also called _Horse-mackerel_: (_Scot._) the ray. [Prob. _shad_.]

SCAD, a Scotch form of _scald_.

SCADDLE, skad'l, _adj._ (_prov._) mischievous, hurtful.--_n._ hurt.--Also SCATH'EL, SKADD'LE. [_Scathe_.]

SCÆAN, s[=e]'an, _adj._ western, from the _Scæan_ gate in Troy. [Gr. _skaios_, left.]

SCAFF, skaf, _n._ (_Scot._) food of any kind.

SCAFFOLD, skaf'old, _n._ a temporary platform for exhibiting or for supporting something, and esp. for the execution of a criminal: a framework.--_v.t._ to furnish with a scaffold: to sustain.--_ns._ SCAFF'OLDAGE (_Shak._), a scaffold, a stage, the gallery of a theatre; SCAFF'OLDER, a spectator in the gallery: one of the 'gods;' SCAFF'OLDING, a scaffold of wood for supporting workmen while building: materials for scaffolds: (_fig._) a frame, framework: disposing of the bodies of the dead on a scaffold or raised platform, as by the Sioux Indians, &c. [O. Fr. _escafaut_ (Fr. _échafaud_, It. _catafalco_); from a Romance word, found in Sp. _catar_, to view--L. _capt[=a]re_, to try to seize, _falco_ (It. _palco_), a scaffold--Ger. _balke_, a beam. Doublet _catafalque_.]

SCAFF-RAFF, skaf'-raf, _n._ (_Scot._) refuse: riff-raff.

SCAGLIA, skal'ya, _n._ an Italian calcareous rock, corresponding to the chalk of England.

SCAGLIOLA, skal-y[=o]'la, _n._ a composition made to imitate the more costly kinds of marble and other ornamental stones.--Also SCAL'IOLA. [It. _scagliuola_, dim. of _scaglia_, a scale, a chip of marble or stone.]

SCAITH, sk[=a]th, _n._ (_Scot._) damage.--_adj._ SCAITH'LESS. [_Scathe_.]

SCALA, sk[=a]'la, _n._ (_surg._) an instrument for reducing dislocation: a term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea:--_pl._ SC[=A]'LÆ.--_adj._ SC[=A]'LABLE, that may be scaled or climbed.--_ns._ SC[=A]LADE', an assault, as an escalade--also SCALÄ'DO; SC[=A]'LAR (_math._), in the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude but not direction.--_adj._ of the nature of a scalar.--_n.pl._ SCAL[=A]'RIA, the ladder-shells or wentle-traps.--_adjs._ SC[=A]LAR'IFORM, shaped like a ladder; SC[=A]'LARY, formed with steps. [L., a ladder.]

SCALAWAG, SCALLAWAG, skal'a-wag, _n._ an undersized animal of little value: a scamp: a native Southern Republican, as opposed to a carpet-bagger, during the period of reconstruction after the American Civil War. [From _Scalloway_ in the Shetland Islands, in allusion to its small cattle.]

SCALD, skawld, _v.t._ to burn with hot liquid: to cook slightly, as fruit, in hot water or steam: to cleanse thoroughly by rinsing with very hot water.--_n._ a burn caused by hot liquid.--_ns._ SCALD'ER, one who scalds vessels: a pot for scalding; SCALD'-FISH, a marine flat fish; SCALD'ING, things scalded; SCALD'-RAG, a nickname for a dyer.--SCALDING HOT, so hot as to scald. [O. Fr. _escalder_ (Fr. _échauder_)--Low L. _excald[=a]re_, to bathe in warm water--_ex_, from, _calidus_, warm, hot.]

SCALD, SKALD, skald, _n._ one of the ancient Scandinavian poets.--_adj._ SCALD'IC, relating to, or composed by, the Scalds. [Ice. _skáld_.]

SCALD, skawld, _n._ scurf on the head.--_adj._ scurfy, paltry, poor.--_ns._ SCALD'BERRY, the blackberry; SCALD'-CROW, the hooded crow; SCALD'-HEAD, a fungous parasitic disease of the scalp, favus. [_Scall._]

SCALDINO, skal-d[=e]'n[=o], _n._ an Italian earthenware brazier:--_pl._ SCALDI'NI. [It.]

SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ a ladder: series of steps: a graduated measure: (_mus._) a series of all the tones ascending or descending from the keynote to its octave, called the gamut: the order of a numeral system: gradation: proportion: series.--_v.t._ to mount, as by a ladder: to ascend: to draw in true proportion: to measure logs: to decrease proportionally, as every part.--_v.i._ to lead up by steps: (_Scot._) to disperse, to spill, to spread as manure.--_ns._ SCALE'-BOARD (_print._), a thin slip of wood for extending a page to its true length, making types register, securing uniformity of margin, &c.; SCALE'-PIPETTE', a tubular pipette with a graduated scale for taking up definite quantities of liquid; SCAL'ING-LADD'ER, a ladder used for the escalade of an enemy's fortress: a fireman's ladder: (_her._) a bearing representing a ladder, with two hooks and two ferrules. [L. _scala_, a ladder--_scand[)e]re_, to mount.]

SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ one of the small, thin plates on a fish or reptile: a thin layer: a husk: the covering of the leaf-buds of deciduous trees: a piece of cuticle that is squamous or horny: a flake: an encrustation on the side of a vessel in which water is heated.--_v.t._ to clear of scales: to peel off in thin layers.--_v.i._ to come off in thin layers.--_ns._ SCALE'-ARM'OUR, armour consisting of scales of metal overlapping each other: plate-mail; SCALE'-BACK, a marine worm covered with scales.--_adjs._ SCALE'-BEAR'ING, having scales, as the sea-mice; SCALED, having scales: covered with scales.--_ns._ SCALE'-DOVE, an American dove having the plumage marked as with scales; SCALE'-FISH, a dry cured fish, as the haddock; SCALE'-FOOT, the scabbard-fish; SCALE'-IN'SECT, any insect of the homopterous family _Coccidæ_.--_adj._ SCALE'LESS, without scales, as the scaleless amphibians.--_n._ SCALE'-MOSS, certain plants which resemble moss.--_adj._ SCALE'-PATT'ERN, having a pattern resembling scales.--_ns._ SCALE'-QUAIL, an American quail having scale-like markings of the plumage; SC[=A]'LER, one who makes a business of scaling fish: an instrument used by dentists in removing tartar.--_adjs._ SCALE'-TAILED, having scales on the under side of the tail; SCALE'-WINGED, having the wings covered with minute scales, as a butterfly.--_ns._ SCALE'-WORK, scales lapping over each other; SCALE'-WORM, a scale-back: SCAL'INESS, the state of being scaly: roughness; SCAL'ING, the process of removing scales from a fish, or encrustations from the interior of a boiler; SCAL'ING-FUR'NACE, a furnace in which plates of iron are heated for the purpose of scaling them, as in tinning.--_adj._ SCAL'Y, covered with scales: like scales: shabby: (_bot._) formed of scales. [A.S. _sceale_, _scale_, the scale of a fish; Ger. _schale_, shell.]

SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ the dish of a balance: a balance, as to turn the scale--chiefly in _pl._: (_pl._) Libra, one of the signs of the zodiac.--_v.t._ to weigh, as in scales: to estimate.--_ns._ SCALE'-BEAM, the beam or lever of a balance; SCALE'-MICROM'ETER, in a telescope, a graduated scale for measuring distances; SC[=A]L'ING, the process of adjusting sights to a ship's guns.--BEAM AND SCALES, a balance; GUNTER'S SCALE, a scale for solving mechanically problems in navigation and surveying. [A.S. _scále_, a balance; Dut. _schaal_, Ger. _schale_; allied to preceding word.]

SCALENE, sk[=a]-l[=e]n', _adj._ (_geom._) having three unequal sides; (_anat._) obliquely situated and unequal-sided.--_n._ a scalene triangle: one of several triangular muscles.--_ns._ SC[=A]LENOH[=E]'DRON, a pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, enclosed by twelve faces, each a scalene triangle; SC[=A]L[=E]'NUM, a scalene triangle; SC[=A]L[=E]'NUS, a scalene muscle. [Fr.,--L. _scalenus_--Gr. _skal[=e]nos_, uneven.]

SCALIOLA=_Scagliola_ (q.v.).

SCALL, skawl, _n._ (_B._) a scab: scabbiness: in mining, loose ground.--_adj._ mean.--_adjs._ SCALLED, SCALD, scabby: mean. [Ice. _skalli_, bald head.]

SCALLION, skal'yun, _n._ the shallot: the leek: the onion. [L. _Ascalonia_ (_cæpia_), Ascalon (onion).]

SCALLOP, skol'up, _n._ a bivalve having a sub-circular shell with sinuous radiating ridges: one of a series of curves in the edge of anything: a shallow dish in which oysters, &c., are cooked, baked, and browned.--_v.t._ to cut the edge or border into scallops or curves: to cook in a scallop with crumbs of bread, &c.--_p.adj._ SCALL'OPED, having the edge or border cut into scallops or curves.--_ns._ SCALL'OP MOTH, a name applied to several geometrid moths; SCALL'OP-SHELL, a scallop, or the shell of one, the badge of a pilgrim. [O. Fr. _escalope_--Old Dut. _schelpe_, a shell; cf. Ger. _schelfe_, a husk.]

SCALMA, skal'ma, _n._ a disease of horses. [Old High Ger. _scalmo_, pestilence; cf. _Schelm_.]

SCALOPS, sk[=a]'lops, _n._ a genus of American shrew-moles. [Gr. _skalops_, a mole--_skallein_, to dig.]

SCALP, skalp, _n._ the outer covering of the skull or brain-case, including the skin, the expanded tendon of the occipito-frontalis muscle, with intermediate cellular tissue and blood-vessels: the skin on which the hair grows: the skin of the top of the head, together with the hair, torn off as a token of victory by the North American Indians: the skin of the head of a noxious wild animal: (_her._) the skin of the head of a stag with the horns attached: a bed of oysters or mussels (Scot. _Scaup_).--_v.t._ to cut the scalp from: to flay: to lay bare: to deprive of grass: to sell at less than recognised rates: to destroy the political influence of.--_ns._ SCAL'PER, one who scalps; a machine for removing the ends of grain, as wheat or rye, or for separating the different grades of broken wheat, semolina, &c.: one who buys and sells railroad tickets, &c., at less than the official rates, a ticket-broker: an instrument used by surgeons for scraping carious bones (also SCAL'PING-[=I]'RON); SCAL'PING-KNIFE, a knife, formerly a sharp stone, used by the Indians of North America for scalping their enemies; SCAL'PING-TUFT, a scalp-lock.--_adj._ SCALP'LESS, having no scalp, bald.--_n._ SCALP'-LOCK, a long tuft of hair left by the North American Indians as a challenge. [Old Dut. _schelpe_, a shell; cf. Ger. _schelfe_, a husk; a doublet of _scallop_.]

SCALPEL, skalp'el, _n._ a small surgical knife for dissecting and operating.--_n._ SCALPEL'LUM, one of the four filamentous organs in the proboscis of hemipterous insects:--_pl._ SCALPEL'LA.--_adj._ SCAL'PRIFORM, chisel-shaped, specifically said of the incisor teeth of rodents. [L. _scalpellum_, dim. of _scalprum_, a knife--_scalp[)e]re_, to cut.]

SCAMBLE, skam'bl, _v.i._ (_obs._) to scramble: to sprawl.--_v.t._ to mangle: to squander.--_ns._ SCAM'BLER, a meal-time visitor; SCAM'BLING, a hasty meal.--_n.pl._ SCAM'BLING-DAYS, days in which meat is scarce.--_adv._ SCAM'BLINGLY, strugglingly. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to _shamble_.]

SCAMEL, SCAMMEL, skam'el, _n._ a bar-tailed godwit.

SCAMILLUS, sk[=a]-mil'us, _n._ a second plinth under a column:--_pl._ SCAMILL'I ([=i]). [L.]

SCAMMONY, skam'o-ni, _n._ a cathartic gum-resin obtained from a species of convolvulus in Asia Minor.--_adj._ SCAMM[=O]'NIATE, made with scammony. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _skamm[=o]nia_; prob. Persian.]

SCAMP, skamp, _n._ a vagabond: a mean fellow.--_v.i._ SCAM'PER, to run with speed and trepidation.--_n._ a rapid run.--_adj._ SCAM'PISH, rascally. [O. Fr. _escamper_, to flee--It. _scampare_, to escape--L. _ex_, out, campus, a battlefield.]

SCAMP, skamp, _v.t._ to do work in a dishonest manner without thoroughness--also SKIMP.--_n._ SCAM'PER. [Prob. Ice. _skamta_, to dole out, to stint.]

SCAN, skan, _v.t._ to count the feet in a verse: to examine carefully: to scrutinise.--_v.i._ to agree with the rules of metre:--_pr.p._ scan'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scanned.--_ns._ SCAN'NING; SCAN'SION, act of counting the measures in a verse. [Fr. _scander_, to scan--L. _scand[)e]re_, _scansum_, to climb.]

SCAND, skand, _pa.t._ of _v.i._ (_Spens._) climbed.

SCANDAL, skan'dal, _n._ something said which is false and injurious to reputation: disgrace: opprobrious censure.--_v.t._ to defame, to aspire.--_ns._ SCAN'DAL-BEAR'ER, a propagator of malicious gossip; SCANDALIS[=A]'TION, defamation.--_v.t._ SCAN'DALISE, to give scandal or offence to: to shock: to reproach: to disgrace: to libel.--_n._ SCAN'DAL-MONG'ER, one who deals in defamatory reports.--_adj._ SCAN'DALOUS, giving scandal or offence: calling forth condemnation: openly vile: defamatory.--_adv._ SCAN'DALOUSLY.--_ns._ SCAN'DALOUSNESS; SCAN'DALUM-MAGN[=A]'TUM, speaking slanderously of high personages, abbrev. _Scan. Mag._ [Fr. _scandale_--L. _scandalum_--Gr. _skandalon_, a stumbling-block.]

SCANDALISE, skan'da-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to trice up the tack of the spanker in a square-rigged vessel, or the mainsail in a fore-and-aft rigged one. [_Scantle_.]

SCANDENT, skan'dent, _adj._ climbing, as a tendril.

SCANDINAVIAN, skan-di-n[=a]'vi-an, _adj._ of _Scandinavia_, the peninsula divided into Norway and Sweden, but, in a historical sense, applying also to Denmark and Iceland.--_n._ a native of Scandinavia. [L. _Scandinavia_, _Scandia_.]

SCANDIUM, skan'di-um, _n._ an element discovered in 1879 in the Scandinavian mineral euxenite.

SCANDIX, skan'diks, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants, including shepherd's purse, Venus's comb, &c. [L.,--Gr., chervil.]

SCANSION. See SCAN.

SCANSORES, skan-s[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an old order of birds generally characterised by having two toes before opposed by two behind, by which they are enabled to climb.--_adj._ SCANS[=O]'RIAL, habitually climbing, as a bird: formed for climbing.--_n._ SCANS[=O]'RIUS, a muscle passing from the ilium to the femur in some vertebrata. [Low L., pl. of _scansor_, _scansoris_, a climber--L. _scand[)e]re_, _scansum_, to climb.]

SCANT, skant, _adj._ not full or plentiful; scarcely sufficient: deficient.--_n._ scarcity: lack.--_adv._ scarcely: scantily.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to limit: to stint: to begrudge.--_adv._ SCAN'TILY.--_ns._ SCAN'TINESS; SCAN'-TITY (_obs._).--_adv._ SCANT'LY, not fully or sufficiently, scarcely: narrowly: penuriously: scantily.--_ns._ SCANT'NESS, the condition or quality of being scant: smallness: insufficiency; SCANT'-OF-GRACE, a good-for-nothing fellow: a scapegrace.--_adj._ SCANT'Y, scant, not copious or full: hardly sufficient: wanting extent: narrow: small. [Ice. _skamt_, short, narrow, neut. of _skammr_, short.]

SCANTLE, skan'tl, _v.t._ to divide into pieces: to partition.--_ns._ SCANT'LET, a small pattern; SCANT'LING, a little piece: a piece or quantity cut for a particular purpose: a certain proportion.--SCANTLING NUMBER, a number computed from the known dimensions of a ship. [O. Fr. _eschantillon_, a small cantle, _escanteler_, to break into cantles--_es_--L. _ex_, out, _cantel_, _chantel_, a cantle.]

SCANTLE, skan'tl, _v.i._ to fail: to be deficient.--_n._ a gauge by which slates are measured. [Prob. _scant_.]

SCAPANUS, skap'a-nus, _n._ a genus of North American shrew-moles. [Gr. _skapan[=e]_, a mattock.]

SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ an escape: a freak or fault.--_v.t._ to escape from: to miss: to shun.--_ns._ SCAPE'GALLOWS, one who deserves hanging: a villain; SCAPE'GRACE, a graceless hare-brained fellow. [A contr. of _escape_.]

SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ (_bot._) a long, naked, radical peduncle: (_entom._) the basal joint of antennæ: (_ornith._) the stem of a feather: (_archit._) the shaft of a column.--_adjs._ SCAPE'LESS (_bot._), wanting a scape; SCAP'IFORM, scape-like; SCAPIG'EROUS, scape-bearing. [L., _scapus_, Gr. _skapos_, a shaft; cf. _sk[=e]ptron_, a staff.]

SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ the cry of the snipe when flushed: the snipe itself. [Prob. imit.]

SCAPEGOAT, sk[=a]p'g[=o]t, _n._ a goat on which, once a year, the Jewish high-priest laid symbolically the sins of the people, and which was then allowed to escape into the wilderness (Levit. xvi.): one who is made to bear the misdeeds of another. [_Escape_ and _goat_.]

SCAPEMENT, sk[=a]p'ment, _n._ the same as ESCAPEMENT.--_n._ SCAPE'-WHEEL, the wheel which drives the pendulum of a clock. [_Escapement_.]

SCAPHA, sk[=a]'fa, _n._ the scaphoid fossa of the helix of the ear. [L., a skiff.]

SCAPHANDER, sk[=a]-fan'd[.e]r, _n._ a diver's water-tight suit; a genus of gasteropods. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

SCAPHARCA, sk[=a]-far'ka, _n._ a genus of bivalve molluscs. [L. _scapha_, a skiff.]

SCAPHIDIUM, sk[=a]-fid'i-um, _n._ a genus of clavicorn beetles. [Gr. _skaphidion_, dim. of _skaph[=e]_, a skiff.]

SCAPHIOPOD, skaf'i-[=o]-pod, _adj._ spade-footed.--_n._ a spade-footed toad. [Gr. _skaphion_, a spade, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

SCAPHIRHYNCHUS, skaf-i-ring'kus, _n._ a genus of tyrant-flycatchers: the shovel-heads or shovel-nosed sturgeons. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a skiff, _rhyngchos_, snout.]

SCAPHISM, skaf'izm, _n._ a Persian punishment by which the victim was fastened in a hollow tree, and smeared over with honey to attract wasps, &c. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, anything hollowed out.]

SCAPHITES, sk[=a]-f[=i]'tez, _n._ a genus of fossil cephalopods of the ammonite family. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat.]

SCAPHIUM, sk[=a]'fi-um, _n._ the keel of papilionaceous flowers: a genus of coleopterous insects. [L.,--Gr. _skaphion_, a basin.]

SCAPHOCEPHALIC, skaf-[=o]-se-fal'ik, _adj._ boat-shaped, a term applied to a certain kind of deformed skull. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _kephal[=e]_, a head.]

SCAPHOID, skaf'oid, _adj._ boat-like in form, noting two bones, one in the wrist and the other in the foot. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _eidos_, form.]

SCAPHOPOD, skaf'[=o]-pod, _adj._ having the foot fitted for burrowing, as a mollusc. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

SCAPINADE, skap-i-n[=a]d', _n._ a process of trickery--from the name of the tricky valet in Molière's comedy, _Les Fourberies de Scapin_.

SCAP-NET, skap'-net, _n._ a net for catching minnows, &c. [Same as _scoop-net_.]

SCAPOLITE, skap'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a silicate of alumina and lime, occurring in long rod-like crystals. [Gr. _skapos_, a rod, _lithos_, a stone.]

SCAPPLE, skap'l, _v.t._ to work without finishing, as stone before leaving the quarry. [_Scabble_.]

SCAPULA, skap'[=u]-la, _n._ the shoulder-blade.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LAR, pertaining to the shoulder.--_n._ a bandage for the shoulder-blade: (_ornith._) the shoulder feathers: a long strip of cloth worn by some orders: two little pieces of cloth tied together by strings passing over the shoulders, worn by lay persons in token of devotion: a short cloak with a hood, a monastic working dress.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LARY, in form like a scapular.--_n._ a scapular.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LATED, having the scapular feathers notable in size or colour, as the scapulated crow.--_n._ SCAP'[=U]LIMANCY. divination by means of shoulder-blades.--_adj._ SCAPULIMAN'TIC. [L. _scapulæ_, the shoulder-blades, prob. cog. with _scapus_, a shaft.]

SCAPUS, sk[=a]'pus, _n._ (_archit._) the shaft of a column: (_ornith._) the scape of a feather: a genus of Coelenterates:--_pl._ SC[=A]'PI ([=i]). [L., a shaft.]

SCAR, skär, _n._ the mark left by a wound or sore: any mark or blemish: a cicatrice: (_fig._) any mark resulting from injury, material or moral: (_bot._) a mark on a stem after the fall of a leaf: in shells, an impression left by the insertion of a muscle: in founding, an imperfect place in a casting: a disfigurement.--_v.t._ to mark with a scar.--_v.i._ to become scarred:--_pr.p._ scar'ring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scarred.--_adjs._ SCAR'LESS, without scars: unwounded; SCARRED. [O. Fr. _escare_--L. _eschara_--Gr. _eschara_, a scar produced by burning.]

SCAR, skär, _n._ a precipitous bank or rock: a bare rocky place on the side of a hill.--_n._ SCAR'-LIME'STONE, a mass of calcareous rock crowded with marine fossils. [Scand., Ice. _sker_--_skera_, to cut.]

SCARAB, skar'ab, _n._ an insect with wing-sheaths, a beetle: a gem, usually emerald, cut in the form of a beetle--also SCARABÆ'US, SCAR'ABEE.--_n._ SCAR'ABOID, an imitation scarab.--_adj._ like a scarab. [L. _scarabæus_; Gr. _karabos_.]

SCARAMOUCH, skar'a-mowch, _n._ a buffoon: a bragging, cowardly fellow. [Fr.,--It. _Scaramuccia_, a famous Italian zany of the 17th century.]

SCARBROITE, skär'br[=o]-[=i]t, _n._ a hydrous silicate of aluminium--from _Scarborough_.

SCARCE, sk[=a]rs, _adj._ not plentiful: not equal to the demand: rare: not common: parsimonious: deficient: short: scanty.--_adj._ SCARCE'-BEARD'ED (_Shak._), having a scanty beard.--_adv._ SCARCE'LY, SCARCE (_B._), hardly, barely.--_ns._ SCARCE'MENT (_archit._), a plain set-off or projection in a wall; SCARCE'NESS; SCARC'ITY, state of being scarce: deficiency: rareness: niggardliness: want: famine.--MAKE ONE'S SELF SCARCE, to decamp. [O. Fr. _escars_ (Fr. _échars_), niggardly--Low L. _scarpsus_=_ex-carpsus_, for L. _excerptus_, pa.p. of _excerp[=e]re_--_ex_, out of, _carp[=e]re_, to pick.]

SCARD, skärd, _n._ a shard or fragment.

SCARDAFELLA, skär-da-fel'a, _n._ an American genus containing the ground-doves.

SCARE, sk[=a]r, _v.t._ to drive away by frightening: to strike with sudden terror: to startle, to affright.--_n._ an imaginary alarm: a sudden panic.--_adj._ lean, scanty.--_ns._ SCARE'-BABE, a bugbear; SCARE'-BUG; SCARE'CROW, anything set up to scare away crows or other birds: a vain cause of terror: a person meanly clad: the black tern; SCARE'-FIRE, a fire-alarm: a conflagration. [M. E. _skerren_--_skerre_, frightened--Ice. _skjarr_, timid.]

SCARF, skärf, _n._ a light decorative piece of dress worn loosely on the shoulders or as a band about the neck: a light handkerchief for the neck: a cravat:--_pl._ SCARFS, SCARVES (_obs._).--_v.t._ to cover, as if with a scarf.--_adj._ SCARFED, decorated with pendants.--_ns._ SCARF'-PIN, an ornamental pin worn in a scarf; SCARF'-RING, an ornamental ring through which the ends or a scarf are drawn. [A.S. _scearfe_, a piece; Dut. _scherf_, a shred.]

SCARF, skärf, _v.t._ to join two pieces of timber endwise, so that they may appear to be used as one: to flay the skin from a whale.--_n._ in carpentry, a joint whose ends are united so as to form a continuous piece.--_ns._ SCAR'FING; SCARF'ING-MACHINE', a machine for shaving the ends of leather belting to a feather edge; SCARF'-JOINT, a joint made by overlapping two pieces of timber that will fit each other; SCARF'-LOOM, a figure loom for weaving fabrics. [Scand., Sw. _skarf_, Norw. _skarv_, a joint; cf. Ger. _scherben_, to cut small; conn. with _shear_, v.]

SCARF, skärf, _n._ the cormorant--(_Scot._) SCART, SKART. [Ice. _skarfr_.]

SCARFSKIN, skärf'skin, _n._ the surface skin. [_Scurf_.]

SCARIDÆ, skar'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of fishes including the parrot-fish.--Also SC[=A]'RUS. [Gr. _skaros_.]

SCARIFY, skar'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to scratch or slightly cut the skin, to make small cuts with a lancet, so as to draw blood: to loosen and stir together the soil: to harrow the feelings:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scar'if[=i]ed.--_ns._ SCARIFIC[=A]'TION, act of scarifying; SCARIFIC[=A]'TOR, an instrument with several lancets for scarifying or making slight incisions in the operation of cupping; SCAR'IFIER, one who scarifies: an instrument used for scarifying the soil, esp. a grubber with prongs. [Fr. _scarifier_--L. _scarific[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--Gr. _skariphasthai_--skariphos, an etching tool.]

SCARIOUS, sk[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ (_bot._) thin, dry, membranaceous: (_zool._) scaly, scurfy.

SCARITID, skär'i-tid, _adj._ pertaining to carabid beetles of _Scarites_ or related genera.

SCARLATINA, skär-la-t[=e]'na, _n._ a dangerous and highly-contagious fever, so named from the scarlet rash or eruption which accompanies it--also SCAR'LET-F[=E]VER.--_adjs._ SCARLATI'NAL, SCARLATI'NOUS.

SCARLET, skär'let, _n._ a bright-red colour: scarlet cloth.--_adj._ of the colour called scarlet: dressed in scarlet.--_v.t._ to redden.--_ns._ SCAR'LET-AD'MIRAL, the red-admiral, a butterfly; SCAR'LET-BEAN, the scarlet-runner; SCAR'LET-F[=E]'VER, a contagious febrile disease (see SCARLATINA); SCAR'LET-HAT, a cardinal's hat; SCAR'LET-LIGHT'NING, the scarlet lychnis: the red valerian; SCAR'LET-RUN'NER, a bean with scarlet flowers which runs up any support; SCAR'LET-SNAKE, a bright-red harmless snake of the southern states of the American Union; SCAR'LET-T[=I]'GER, a British moth; SCAR'LET-WOM'AN, the woman referred to in Rev. xvii. 4, 5--Pagan Rome, Papal Rome, or a personification of the World in its anti-Christian sense. [O. Fr. _escarlate_ (Fr. _écarlate_), through Low L. _scarlatum_--Pers. _saqal[=a]t_, scarlet cloth.]

SCARMAGE, skär'm[=a]j, _n._ (_Spens._) same as Skirmish.--Also SCAR'MOGE.

SCARN-BEE, skärn'-b[=e], _n._ (prov.) a dung-beetle. [Sharn.]

SCARP, skärp, _n._ (_her._) a diminutive of the bend sinister, half its width: (_obs._) a shoulder-belt. [O. Fr. _escarpe_, escharpe: cf. _Scarf_ (1).]

SCARP, skärp, _n._ (_fort._) any steep slope (same as Escarp).--_v.t._ to cut down a slope so as to render it impassable.--_adj._ SCARPED. [O. Fr. _escarpe_--It. _scarpa_--Old High Ger. _scharf_; cf. _Sharp_.]

SCARPINES, skär'pinz, _n.pl._ an instrument of torture resembling the boot. [Fr. _escarpins_, shoes.]

SCARRED, skärd, _adj._ marked by scars.--_n._ SCAR'RING, a scar: a mark.--_adj._ SCAR'RY, bearing or pertaining to scars: having scars.

SCART, skärt, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to scratch: to scrape.--_n._ a slight wound: a dash or stroke: a niggard: a poor-looking creature.--_adj._ SCART'-FREE.

SCARUS, sk[=a]'rus, _n._ a genus of fishes including the parrot-wrasses. [_Scaridæ_.]

SCARY, sk[=a]r'i, _adj._ causing fright: timid: fluttered.

SCAT, SCATT, skat, _n._ a tax in the Shetland Islands.--_ns._ SCAT'HOLD, open ground for pasture; SCAT'LAND, land which paid duty for rights of pasture and peat. [A.S. _sceat_, a coin; Dut. _schat_, Ger. _schatz_.]

SCAT, skat, _interj._ be off!--_v.t._ to scare away.

SCAT, skat, _n._ (_prov._) a brisk shower of rain.--_adj._ SCAT'TY, showery. [Prob. conn. with _scud_.]

SCATCH, skach, _n._ a bit for bridles. [Fr. _escache_.]

SCATCHES, skach'ez, _n.pl._ stilts used for walking in dirty places. [O. Fr. _eschace_--Old Flem. _schætse_, a high shoe; Dut. _schaats_, pl. _schaatsen_, skates.]

SCATE. Same as _Skate_, a fish.

SCATH, SCATHE, sk[=a]th, _n._ damage, injury: waste.--_v.t._ to injure.--_adj._ SCATHE'FUL, destructive.--_n._ SCATHE'FULNESS, disadvantage: destructiveness.--_adj._ SC[=A]'THING, damaging; blasting: scorching.--_adv._ SC[=A]'THINGLY.--_adjs._ SC[=A]TH'LESS, without injury; SC[=A]'THY (_Scot._), mischievous: dangerous. [A.S. _sceathu_; Ger. _schade_, injury.]

SCATOLOGY, sk[=a]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of fossil excrement or coprolites: knowledge of the usages of primitive peoples about excrements, human and other.--_adj._ SCATOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ SCAT'OMANCY, SCATOS'COPY, divination of disease by inspection of excrement; SCATOPH'AGA, the dung-flies.--_n.pl._ SCATOPHAG'IDÆ, a family of acanthopterygian fishes.--_adj._ SCATOPH'AGOUS, feeding on excrement. [Gr. _sk[=o]r_, skatos, dung, logia--legein, to speak; manteia, divination; skopein, to view; phagein, to eat.]

SCATTER, skat'[.e]r, _v.t._ to disperse in all directions: to throw loosely about: to strew: to sprinkle: to dispel: to put to flight: to drop: to throw shot too loosely.--_v.i._ to be dispersed or dissipated.--_n._ SCATT'ERBRAIN, a thoughtless, giddy person.--_adjs._ SCATT'ER-BRAINED, giddy; SCATT'ERED, widely separated: wandering: distracted: irregular.--_ns._ SCATT'ERER, one who or that which scatters; SCATT'ER-GOOD, a spendthrift; SCATT'ER-GUN, a shot-gun; SCATT'ERING, something scattered: dispersion: that which has been scattered: the irregular reflection of light from a surface not perfectly smooth.--_adj._ dispersing: rare, sporadic: diversified.--_adv._ SCATT'ERINGLY, in a dispersed manner: here and there.--_ns._ SCATT'ERLING (_Spens._), one who has no fixed abode: a vagabond; SCATT'ERMOUCH, any Latin or Levantine, in Pacific slang.--_adj._ SCATT'ERY, dispersed: sparse: few and far between. [A.S. _scateran_, scaterian; cf. _Shatter_.]

SCATURIENT, sk[=a]-t[=u]'ri-ent, _adj._ gushing like water from a fountain. [L. _scatur[=i]re_, to gush out.]

SCAUD, skäd, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to scald: to scold.

SCAUP, skawp, _n._ a sea-duck of genus Aythya, of northern regions, related to the pochard. [Ice. _skálp_--in _skálp-hæna_.]

SCAUPER, skaw'p[.e]r, _n._ a tool with semicircular face, used by engravers. [Prob. scalper.]

SCAUR, skär, a Scotch form of scare.

SCAUR, skawr, _n._ a precipitous bank or rock.--Also SCAR. [_Scar_.]

SCAURY, skä'ri, _n._ a young gull in Shetland. [Scand., Sw. _skiura_.]

SCAVAGE, skav'[=a]j, _n._ a duty or toll anciently exacted by mayors, &c., on goods exposed for sale.

SCAVENGER, skav'en-j[.e]r, _n._ one who cleans the streets: an animal which feeds on carrion: a child employed to pick up loose cotton from the floor in a cotton-mill.--_ns._ SCAV'AGERY, street-cleansing; SCAV'AGING.--_v.t._ SCAV'ENGE, to cleanse.--_ns._ SCAV'ENGER-BEE'TLE, a beetle which acts as a scavenger; SCAV'ENGER-CRAB, any crab which feeds on decaying animal matter; SCAV'ENGERING; SCAV'ENGERISM; SCAV'ENGERY.--SCAVENGER'S DAUGHTER, an instrument of torture by pressure with an iron hoop, invented by Sir W. Skevington, Lieutenant of the Tower under Henry VIII. [Orig. _scavager_, an inspector of goods for sale, and also of the streets; from _scavage_, duty on goods for sale--A.S. _sceawian_, to inspect; cf. _Show_.]

SCAVERNICK, skav'[.e]r-nik, _n._ (_Cornish_) a hare.

SCAVILONES, skav'i-l[=o]nz, _n.pl._ men's drawers worn in the sixteenth century under the hose.

SCAZON, sk[=a]'zon, _n._ in ancient prosody, a metre, the rhythm of which is imperfect toward the close of the line or period. [Gr. _skaz[=o]n_, limping.]

SCELERATE, sel'e-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_obs._) wicked, villainous.--_n._ a villain--also SCEL'ERAT.--_adjs._ SCEL'EROUS, SCELES'TIC. [O. Fr.--L. _sceleratus_--_scelus_, crime.]

SCELIDES, sel'i-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ the posterior limbs of a mammal.--_n._ SCEL'IDOSAUR, a dinosaur of the genus Scelidosaurus.--_adjs._ SCELIDOSAU'RIAN; SCELIDOSAU'ROID.--_n.pl._ SCELIDOSAU'RIDÆ, a family of mailed dinosaurs.--_ns._ SCELIDOSAU'RUS, the typical genus of Scelidosauridæ; SCELIO (s[=e]'li-[=o]), a genus of hymenopterous insects parasitic in the eggs of grasshoppers and locusts; SCELOP'ORUS (_U.S._), the common brown fence-lizard. [Gr. _skelis_, _skelidos_, a leg.]

SCELP, skelp, _n._ long strips of iron used in forming a gun-barrel.--Also SKELP.

SCENA, s[=e]'na, _n._ the stage of an ancient theatre (_pl._ SCENÆ, s[=e]'n[=e]): an elaborate dramatic solo (It., pron. sh[=a]'nä; pl. SCE'NE).--_n._ SCENARIO (she-nä'ri-[=o]), a skeleton libretto of a dramatic work. [L.]

SCEND, send, _n._ the upward angular displacement of a vessel--opposed to _Pitch_, the correlative downward movement.--_v.i._ to heave upward. [A corr. of _send_, influenced by _ascend_.]

SCENE, s[=e]n, _n._ a picture of the place of an action: a large painted view: place of action, occurrence, or exhibition: the part of a play acted without change of place: (_orig._) the stage of a theatre on which the actors perform: a series of landscape events connected and exhibited: a number of objects presented to the view at once: spectacle: view: any unseemly or ill-timed display of strong feeling between persons.--_v.t._ to exhibit: to display.--_ns._ SCENE'-DOCK, the space in a theatre adjoining the stage, where scenery is stored when not in use; SCENE'-MAN, one who manages the scenery in a theatre; SCENE'-PAINT'ER, one whose employment it is to paint scenery for theatres; SC[=E]'NERY, the painted representation on a stage: the appearance of anything presented to the eye: general aspect of a landscape; SCENE'-SHIFT'ER (same as SCENE-MAN).--_adjs._ SC[=E]'NIC, -AL, pertaining to scenery: dramatic: theatrical.--_adv._ SC[=E]'NICALLY.--_adjs._ SC[=E]NOGRAPH'IC, -AL, drawn in perspective.--_adv._ SC[=E]NOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ SC[=E]NOG'RAPHY, the art of perspective: representation in perspective.--BEHIND THE SCENES, at the back of the visible stage; MAKE A SCENE, to make a noisy or otherwise unwelcome exhibition of feeling. [L. _scena_--Gr. _sk[=e]n[=e]_, a covered place, a stage.]

SCENT, sent, _v.t._ to discern by the sense of smell: to perfume: to have some suspicion of.--_v.i._ to become odoriferous: to smell.--_n._ a perfume: odour: sense of smell: chase followed by the scent: course of pursuit: scraps of paper strewed on the ground by the pursued in the boys' game of hare and hounds.--_ns._ SCENT'-BAG, the pouch of an animal which secretes an odoriferous substance; SCENT'-BOTT'LE, a small bottle for holding perfume; SCENT'-BOX.--_adjs._ SCENT'ED, perfumed; SCENT'FUL, highly odoriferous: quick of scent: having a good nose, as a dog.--_n._ SCENT'-GLAND, a glandular organ which secretes such substances as musk or castoreum.--_adv._ SCENT'INGLY, allusively: not directly.--_adj._ SCENT'LESS, having no scent or smell: destructive of scent.--_ns._ SCENT'-OR'GAN, a scent-gland; SCENT'-VASE, a vessel with a pierced cover designed to contain perfumes. [Fr. _sentir_--L. _sent[=i]re_, to feel.]

SCEPTIC, -AL, SKEPTIC, -AL, skep'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophical school in ancient Greece of Pyrrho and his successors: doubting: hesitating to admit the certainty of doctrines or principles: (_theol._) doubting or denying the truth of revelation.--_ns._ SCEP'SIS, SKEP'SIS, philosophic doubt; SCEP'TIC, one who is sceptical: (_theol._) one who doubts or denies the existence of God or the truths of revelation.--_adv._ SCEP'TICALLY.--_n._ SCEP'TICALNESS.--_v.i._ SCEP'TICISE, to act the sceptic.--_n._ SCEP'TICISM, that condition in which the mind is before it has arrived at conclusive opinions: doubt: the doctrine that no facts can be certainly known: agnosticism: (_theol._) doubt of the existence of God or the truth of revelation. [L. _scepticus_--Gr. _skeptikos_, thoughtful, _skeptesthai_, to consider.]

SCEPTRE, sep't[.e]r, _n._ the staff or baton borne by kings as an emblem of authority: royal power.--_v.t._ to invest with royal power.--_adjs._ SCEP'TRAL, regal; SCEP'TRED, bearing a sceptre: regal.--_n._ SCEP'TREDOM, reign.--_adjs._ SCEP'TRELESS, powerless, as a sceptreless king; SCEP'TRY, bearing a sceptre, royal. [L. _sceptrum_--Gr. _sk[=e]ptron_--_sk[=e]ptein_, to lean.]

SCERNE, s[.e]rn, _v.t._ (_obs._) to discern. [_Discern_.]

SCEUOPHYLACIUM, sk[=u]-[=o]-fi-l[=a]'shi-um, _n._ (_Gr. Church_) the repository of the sacred vessels.--_n._ SCEUOPH'YLAX, a sacristan, church treasurer. [Gr. _skeuos_, a vessel, _phylax_, a watcher.]

SCHÆFFERIA, shef-f[=e]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants, the yellow-wood. [Named from _Schaeffer_, an 18th-cent. German botanist.]

SCHALENBLENDE, shä'len-blend, _n._ a variety of native zinc-sulphide. [Ger., _schale_, shell, _blende_, blende.]

SCHAPPE, shap'pe, _n._ a fabric woven from spun silk.

SCHEDIASM, sk[=e]'di-azm, _n._ cursory writing on a loose sheet. [Gr. _schediasma_--_schedon_, near.]

SCHEDULE, shed'[=u]l, _n._ a piece of paper containing some writing: a list, inventory, or table.--_v.t._ to place in a schedule or list. [O. Fr. _schedule_ (Fr. _cédule_)--L. _schedula_, dim. of _scheda_, a strip of papyrus--L. _scind[)e]re_, to cleave; or from Gr. _sched[=e]_, a leaf.]

SCHEELITE, sh[=e]'l[=i]t, _n._ native calcium tungstate. [From the Swedish chemist, K. W. _Scheele_ (1742-86).]

SCHEIK. Same as SHEIK.

SCHELLY, shel'i, _n._ a white fish.

SCHELM, skelm, _n._ (_Scot._) a rascal.--Also SCHEL'LUM, SHELM, SKEL'LUM. [O. Fr. _schelme_--Old High Ger. _scalmo_, plague; cf. Ger. _schelm_, a rogue.]

SCHELTOPUSIK, shel'to-p[=u]-sik, _n._ a Russian lizard.

SCHEMA, sk[=e]'ma, _n._ the image of the thing with which the imagination aids the understanding in its procedure: scheme, plan, outline generally: a diagrammatic outline or synopsis of anything: (_Gr. Church_) the monastic habit.--_adj._ SCHEMAT'IC.--_v.t._ SCH[=E]'MATISE, to arrange in outline.--_v.i._ to make a plan in outline.--_ns._ SCH[=E]'MATISM, form or outline of a thing: (_astrol._) the combination of the heavenly bodies; SCH[=E]'MATIST, a projector.

SCHEME, sk[=e]m, _n._ plan: something contrived to be done: purpose: plot: a combination of things by design: a specific organisation for some end: an illustrative diagram: a system: a statement in tabular form: a representation of the aspect of the heavenly bodies at a given time.--_v.t._ to plan: to contrive.--_v.i._ to form a plan.--_n._ SCHEME'-ARCH, an arch less than a semicircle.--_adj._ SCHEME'FUL.--_n._ SCH[=E]'MER.--_adj._ SCH[=E]'MING, given to forming schemes: intriguing.--_adv._ SCH[=E]'MINGLY, by scheming.--_n._ SCH[=E]'MIST, a schemer: an astrologer.--_adj._ SCH[=E]'MY, cunning: intriguing. [L. _schema_--Gr. _sch[=e]ma_, form--_echein_, _sch[=e]sein_, to hold.]

SCHEPEN, sk[=a]'pen, _n._ a Dutch magistrate. [Dut.]

SCHEROMA, ske-r[=o]'ma, _n._ inflammation of the eye without discharge. [Gr. _x[=e]ros_, dry.]

SCHERZO, sker'ts[=o], _n._ (_mus._) a passage or movement of a lively character, forming part of a musical composition of some length, as a symphony, quartette, or sonata.--_adj._ SCHERZAN'DO, playful. [It. _scherzo_, a jest, _scherzare_, to play--Teut.; Mid. High Ger. _scherz_ (Ger. _scherz_, Dut. _scherts_), jest.]

SCHESIS, sk[=e]'sis, _n._ habitude.--_adj._ SCHET'IC, constitutional: habitual. [Gr.,--_echein_, to have.]

SCHIAVONE, ski-a-v[=o]'ne, _n._ a backed, hilted broadsword of the 17th century. [It., the Doge's bodyguard, the _Schiavoni_ or Slavs being armed with it.]

SCHIEDAM, sk[=e]-dam', _n._ Hollands gin, named from the town near Rotterdam where it is chiefly made.

SCHILLER, shil'[.e]r, _n._ the peculiar bronze-like lustre observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, &c., due to internal reflection.--_ns._ SCHILLERIS[=A]'TION, the process by which microscopic crystals have been developed in other minerals so as to give a submetallic sheen by internal reflection; SCHILL'ERITE, or SCHILL'ER-SPAR rock, enstatite schillerised. [Ger.]

SCHINDYLESIS, skin-di-l[=e]'sis, _n._ an articulation formed by the fitting of one bone into a groove in another, as in the sphenoid bone and vomer.--_adj._ SCHINDYLET'IC. [Gr.,--_schindylein_; to cleave, _schizein_, to cleave.]

SCHINUS, sk[=i]'nus, _n._ a genus of South American trees, of order _Anacardiaceæ_, the leaves yielding abundantly a fragrant, resinous, or turpentine-like fluid. [Gr. _schinos_, the mastic-tree.]

SCHIPPERKE, ship'p[.e]r-ke, _n._ a breed of dogs of the same group as the Eskimo and Pomeranian dog, but with almost no tail, favourites of the Belgian bargees. [Flem., 'little skipper.']

S-CHISEL, es-chiz'el, _n._ a cutting tool in well-boring.

SCHISIOPHONE, skiz'i-[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ an induction balance for detecting flaws in iron rails. [Gr. _schisis_, a cleaving, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]

SCHISM, sizm, _n._ a separation in a church, from diversity of opinion or discipline, breach of unity without justifiable cause, also the tendency towards such.--_ns._ SCHIS'MA (_mus._), the difference between a pure and an equally tempered fifth; SCHISMAT'IC, one who separates from a church on account of difference of opinion.--_adjs._ SCHISMAT'IC, -AL, tending to, or of the nature of, schism.--_adv._ SCHISMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ SCHISMAT'ICALNESS.--_v.i._ SCHIS'MATISE, to practise schism: to make a breach in the communion of the church:--_pr.p._ schis'mat[=i]sing; _pa.p._ schis'mat[=i]sed.--GREAT, or GREEK, SCHISM, the separation of the Greek Church from the Latin, finally completed in 1054; WESTERN SCHISM, the division in the Western Church on the appointment by the Romans of Urban VI. to the papal chair in 1378, while the French cardinals elected Clement VII.--healed on the election of Martin V. by the Council of Constance in 1417. [L. _schisma_--Gr. _schizein_, to split.]

SCHIST, shist, _n._ a term properly applied to crystalline rocks with a foliated structure, as mica-schist, hornblende-schist, &c.--indurated clay-rocks with a fissile structure are sometimes erroneously described as schists.--_adjs._ SCHIST[=A]'CEOUS, slate-gray; SCHIST'IC, SCHIST'OUS, SCHIST'OSE, like schist: slaty.--_n._ SCHISTOS'ITY, quality of being schistose. [Fr. _schiste_--Gr. _schistos_--_schizein_, to split.]

SCHIZÆA, sk[=i]-z[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of ferns, with sporangia ovate, sessile, and arranged in spikes or panicles. [Gr. _schizein_, to split.]

SCHIZOCARP, skiz'[=o]-kärp, _n._ a dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed one-seeded portions.--_adj._ SCHIZOCAR'POUS. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _karpos_, fruit.]

SCHIZOCEPHALY, skiz-[=o]-sef'a-li, _n._ the practice of preserving the heads of warriors among Maoris, &c. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

SCHIZOCOELE, skiz'[=o]-s[=e]l, _n._ a term applied to the perivisceral cavity of the _Invertebrata_, when formed by a splitting of the mesoblast.--_adj._ SCHIZOCOE'LOUS. [Gr, _schizein_, to cleave, _koilia_, a hollow.]

SCHIZODON, skiz'[=o]-don, _n._ a genus of South American octodont rodents. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _odous_, odontos, a tooth.]

SCHIZOGENESIS, skiz-[=o]-jen'e-sis _n._ reproduction by fission.--_adjs._ SCHIZOGEN'IC, SCHIZOGENET'IC.--_n._ SCHIZOG'ONY. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _genesis_, production.]

SCHIZOGNATHOUS, sk[=i]-zog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer, as in the gulls, plovers, &c.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THÆ, a subdivision of the carinate birds.--_n._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THISM. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _gnathos_, the jaw.]

SCHIZOMYCETES, skiz-[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n._ a botanical term for Bacteria, in reference to their commonest mode of reproduction--by transverse division. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _myk[=e]s_ (pl. _myk[=e]tes_), a mushroom.]

SCHIZONEMERTEA, skiz-[=o]-n[=e]-mer't[=e]-a, _n.pl._ the sea-worms which have the head fissured.--_adjs._ SCHIZONEMER'TEAN, SCHIZONEMER'TINE.

SCHIZONEURA, skiz-[=o]-n[=u]'ra, _n._ a genus of plant lice. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _neuron_, a nerve.]

SCIZOPHORA, sk[=i]-zof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a division of dipterous insects. [Gr. _schizein_, cleave, _pherein_, bear.]

SCHIZOPODA, sk[=i]-zop'[=o]-da, _n.pl._ a group of crustaceans, having the feet cleft or double, including the opossum-shrimps and their allies.--_adj._ and _n._ SCHIZ'OPOD. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]

SCHIZORHINAL, skiz-[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nasal bones separate: having the anterior nostrils prolonged in the form of a slit. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _rhis_, _rhinos_, the nose.]

SCHIZOTHECAL, skiz-[=o]-th[=e]'kal, _adj._ having the tarsal envelope divided, as by scutella--opp. to _Holothecal_. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _th[=e]k[=e]_, a case.]

SCHIZOTROCHOUS, sk[=i]-zot'r[=o]-kus, _adj._ with a divided disc, as a rotifer.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOT'ROCHA. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _trochos_, a wheel.]

SCHLÄGER, shl[=a]'g[.e]r, _n._ the modern duelling-sword of German university students. [Ger.,--_schlagen_, to beat.]

SCHEGALIA, shle-g[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of birds of Paradise. [Named from the Dutch ornithologist Hermann _Schlegel_ (1805-84).]

SCHLICH, shlik, _n._ the finer portions of crushed ore, separated by water. [Ger.]

SCHMELZE, schmel'tse, _n._ glass used in decorative work. [Ger. _schmelz_, enamel.]

SCHNAPPS, SCHNAPS, shnaps, _n._ Holland gin, Hollands. [Ger. _schnapps_, a dram.]

SCHNEIDERIAN, shn[=i]-d[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the mucous membrane of the nose--first described by the German anatomist C. V. _Schneider_ (1614-80).

SCHOENUS, sk[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the sedge family. [Gr. _schoinos_, a rush.]

SCHOLAR, skol'ar, _n._ a pupil: a disciple: a student: one who has received a learned education: a man of learning: a savant: in the English universities, an undergraduate partly supported from the revenues of a college.--_ns._ SCHOL'ARCH, the head of a school of philosophy; SCHOL'ARISM, the affectation of scholarship.--_adjs._ SCHOL'AR-LIKE, SCHOL'ARLY, like or becoming a scholar.--_n._ SCHOL'ARSHIP, the character of a scholar: learning: maintenance for a scholar, a benefaction, the annual proceeds of a bequest permanently invested for this purpose.--_adj._ SCHOLAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholar or to schools: scholar-like: pertaining to the schoolmen: excessively subtle: pedantic.--_n._ one who adheres to the method or subtleties of the schools of the middle ages.--_adv._ SCHOLAS'TICALLY, in a scholastic manner: according to the methods of the schools of philosophy.--_n._ SCHOLAS'TICISM, the aims, methods, and products of thought which constituted the main endeavour of the intellectual life of the middle ages: the method or subtleties of the schools of philosophy: the collected body of doctrines of the schoolmen. [Low L. _scholaris_--L. _schola_.]

SCHOLIAST, sk[=o]'li-ast, _n._ one of a class of ancient grammarians, mostly anonymous, who wrote short notes on the margins of the MSS. of ancient Greek and Roman classics, a writer of scholia: an annotator: a commentator.--_adj._ SCHOLIAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholiast or to scholia.--_ns._ SCH[=O]'LION, SCH[=O]'LIUM, one of the marginal notes of the old critics on the ancient classics: (_math._) an explanation tion added to a problem:--_pl._ SCH[=O]'LIA, SCH[=O]'LIUMS. [Gr. _scholiast[=e]s_--_scholion_, a scholium.]

SCHOOL, sk[=oo]l, _n._ a place for instruction: an institution of learning, esp. for children: the pupils of a school: exercises for instruction: the disciples of a particular teacher, or those who hold a common doctrine: a large number of fish migrating together, a shoal: a system of training: any means of knowledge, esp. (_mus._) a treatise teaching some particular branch of the art: a large hall in English universities, where the examinations for degrees, &c., are held--hence, one of these examinations (gen. _pl._) also the group of studies taken by a man competing for honours in these: a single department of a university: (_pl._) the body of masters and students in a college.--_v.t._ to educate in a school: to instruct: to admonish, to discipline.--_adj._ SCHOOL'ABLE, of school age.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-BOARD, a board of managers, elected by the ratepayers, whose duty it is to see that adequate means of education are provided for the children of a town or district; SCHOOL'-BOY, a boy attending a school: one learning the rudiments of a subject; SCHOOL'-CLERK, one versed in the learning of schools; SCHOOL'-CRAFT, learning; SCHOOL'-DAME, a schoolmistress.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-DAYS, the time of life during which one goes to school.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-DIVINE'; SCHOOL'-DIVIN'ITY, scholastic or seminary theology; SCHOOL'-DOC'TOR, a schoolman; SCHOOL'ERY (_Spens._), something taught, precepts; SCHOOL'-FELL'OW, one taught at the same school: an associate at school; SCHOOL'GIRL a girl attending school.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-HOURS, time spent at school in acquiring instruction.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-HOUSE, a house of discipline and instruction: a house used as a school: a schoolmaster's house; SCHOOL'ING, instruction in school: tuition: the price paid for instruction: reproof, reprimand; SCHOOL'-INSPEC'TOR, an official appointed to examine schools; SCHOOL'-MA'AM, a schoolmistress; SCHOOL'-MAID, a school-girl; SCHOOL'MAN, one of the philosophers and theologians of the second half of the middle ages; SCHOOL'MASTER, the master or teacher of a school, a pedagogue:--_fem._ SCHOOL'MISTRESS, a woman who teaches or who merely governs a school; SCHOOL'-MATE, one who attends the same school; SCHOOL'-NAME, an abstract term, an abstraction; SCHOOL'-PENCE, a small sum paid for school-teaching; SCHOOL'-POINT, a point for scholastic disputation; SCHOOL'-ROOM, a room for teaching in: school accommodation; SCHOOL'-SHIP, a vessel used for teaching practical navigation.--_adj._ SCHOOL'-TAUGHT, taught at school or in the schools.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-TEACH'ER, one who teaches in a school; SCHOOL'-TEACH'ING; SCHOOL'-TIME, the time at which a school opens; SCHOOL'-WHALE, one of a school of whales; BOARD'-SCHOOL, a school under the control of a school-board.--GRAMMAR SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL, a school of secondary instruction, standing between the primary school and the university; NATIONAL SCHOOLS, those schools in Ireland which are under the commissioners of national education; OXFORD SCHOOL, a name given to that party which adopted the principles contained in the _Tracts for the Times_ (cf. _Tractarianism_); PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, in Scotland, schools in every parish for general education; PRIMARY SCHOOL, a school for elementary instruction; PUBLIC SCHOOL, an elementary or primary school: a school under the control of a school-board: an endowed classical school for providing a liberal education for such as can pay high for it--Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury, Charterhouse, St Paul's, and Merchant Taylors', &c.; RAGGED SCHOOL, a free school for destitute children's education and often maintenance, supported by voluntary efforts; SUNDAY SCHOOL, a school held on Sunday for religious instruction; TÜBINGEN SCHOOL, a rationalistic school of theologians founded by F. C. Baur (1792-1860), which explained the origin of the Catholic Church as due to the gradual fusion of an antagonistic Judaistic and Gentile party, the various stages of fusion being capable of being traced in the extant documents.--THE SCHOOLMASTER IS ABROAD, a phrase of Brougham's implying that education and intelligence are now widely spread. [L. _schola_--Gr. _schol[=e]_, leisure, a school.]

SCHOONER, sk[=oo]n'[.e]r, _n._ a sharp-built, swift-sailing vessel, generally two-masted, rigged either with fore-and-aft sails on both masts, or with square top and topgallant sails on the foremast: an old form of covered emigrant-wagon: a large drinking-glass.--_n._ SCHOON'ER-SMACK, a sharp-bowed schooner. [Coined in New England from the prov. Eng. _scoon_ (Scot. _scon_), to make a flat stone skip along the surface of water; A.S. _scúnian_.]