Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements)

Chapter VI: ET ARMIS (L.), by force and arms: by main force

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VIGILATE ET ORATE (L.), watch and pray.

VIRES ACQUIRIT EUNDO (L.), it gains strength as it goes.

VIRGILIUM VIDI TANTUM (L.), I just saw Virgil [and no more].

VIRGINIBUS PUERISQUE (L.), for maidens and boys--for the young person.

VIRTUS POST NUMMOS (L.), virtue after money--i.e. money first.

VIRTUTE OFFICII (Late L.), by virtue of office.

VIS A TERGO (L.), compulsion from behind.

VIS-À-VIS (Fr.), opposite: facing.

VIS COMICA (L.), comic power.

VIS INERTIÆ (L.), the power of inertia: passive resistance.

VITA BREVIS, ARS LONGA (L.), life is short, art is long.

VITA PATRIS (L.), or V.P., in the father's lifetime.

VITA SINE LITTERIS MORS EST (L.), life without literature is death.

VIVAT REGINA! (L.), long live the queen!

VIVAT REX! (L.), long live the king!

VIVÂ VOCE (L.), by the living voice: by oral testimony.

VIVE LA BAGATELLE! (quasi-French), long live folly!

VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE! (Fr.), long live the republic!

VIVE L'EMPEREUR! (Fr.), long live the emperor!

VIVE UT VIVAS (L.), live that you may live.

VIVE, VALEQUE! (L.), life and health to you!

VIXERE FORTES ANTE AGAMEMNONA (L.), brave heroes lived before Agamemnon.

VOGUE LA GALÈRE! (Fr.), forward, come what may!

VOILÀ (Fr.), behold: there is, or there are.

VOILÀ TOUT (Fr.), that is all.

VOITURE (Fr.), a carriage.

VOLAGE (Fr.), flighty, fickle, giddy.

VOLENTE DEO (L.), God willing.

VOLO, NON VALEO (L.), I am willing, but unable.

VOLTO SCIOLTO E PENSIERI STRETTI (It.), countenance open and thoughts closed.

VOUS L'AVEZ VOULU, GEORGE DANDIN! (Fr.), you would have it so! [from Molière's _George Dandin_].

VOX ET PRÆTEREA NIHIL (L.), a voice and nothing more.

VOX POPULI, VOX DEI (L.), the voice of the people is the voice of God.

VULGO (L.), commonly.

WAHRHEIT UND DICHTUNG (Ger.), truth and poetry.

WANDERJAHRE (Ger.), years of journeymanship.

WELI, WELY (Ar.), a Mohammedan saint.

WELTGEIST (Ger.), the world-spirit.

WELTSCHMERZ (Ger.), world-sorrow: sympathy with universal misery: thorough-going pessimism.

WIENER SCHNITZEL (Ger.), a veal cutlet dressed with bread-crumbs and eggs.

XANTHIPPE (Gr.), a shrewish wife--from the wife of Socrates.

XERAFIN, XERAPHIM (Port.), a silver coin of Goa, worth about 1s. 5d.

XERES (Sp.), wine of Xeres, sherry.

XYSTUM, pl. XYSTA (L.--Gr.), a covered colonnade in a gymnasium, a shaded walk in the garden of a Roman village.

YABOO (Pers.), an Afghan pony.

YAGHOURT, YAOORT (Turk.), a kind of cream cheese.

ZABETA (Ar.), a stated tariff.

ZABTIE, ZAPTIEH (Turk.), a Turkish policeman.

ZAMARRA, ZAMARRO (Sp.), a shepherd's sheepskin coat.

ZECCHIN. See _Sequin_ in Dict.

ZEITGEIST (Ger.), spirit [and tendency] of the times.

ZEITVERTREIB (Ger.), a pastime.

ZIF (Heb.), a Hebrew month, same as _Iyar_, which begins with the new moon of April.

ZIKR (Ar.), a dervishes' circular dance.

ZOLLVEREIN (Ger.), the German Customs-League.

ZONAM PERDIDIT (L.), he has lost his purse, he is in needy circumstances.

ZONUM SOLVERE (L.), to loose the virgin zone.

Z[=O]ON POLITIKON (Gr.), a political animal [said of man].

ZUM BEISPIEL (Ger.), for example, often Z.B.

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THE METRIC OR FRENCH SYSTEM.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.

The MÈTRE, the unit of length, is the ten-millionth part of a line drawn from the Pole to the Equator.

1 MÈTRE = as above.
1 DÉCAMÈTRE = 10 mètres.
1 HECTOMÈTRE = 100 "
1 KILOMÈTRE = 1000 "
1 MYRIAMÈTRE = 10,000 "
1 DECIMÈTRE = 1/10th of a mètre.
1 CENTIMÈTRE = 1/100th "
1 MILLIMÈTRE = 1/1000th "
The Greek prefixes (_deca_, _hecto_, _kilo_, _myria_) denote
multiplication.
The Latin prefixes (_deci_, _centi_, _milli_) denote division.

SQUARE MEASURE.

The ARE, the unit of surface measure, is a square the side of which is ten mètres long.

1 ARE = 100 Square mètres.
1 DECARE = 10 ares.
1 HECTARE = 100 "
1 DÉCIARE = 1/10th of an are.
1 CENTIARE = 1/100th of an are,
or, mètre carré (square mètre).

MEASURES OF WEIGHT.

The GRAMME, the unit of weight, is the _weight_ of a cubic centimètre of distilled water at 4° Centigrade.

1 GRAMME = as above.
1 DÉCAGRAMME = 10 gram.
1 HECTOGRAMME = 100 "
1 KILOGRAMME, or KILO = 1000 "
1 MYRIAGRAMME = 10,000 "
1 DÉCIGRAMME = 1/10th of a gram.
1 CENTIGRAMME = 1/100th "
1 MILLIGRAMME = 1/1000th "
½ kilogramme is called a livre.

MEASURES OF CAPACITY, DRY AND LIQUID.

The LITRE, the unit of the measures of capacity, dry and liquid, is the _volume_ of a cubic decimètre.

1 LITRE = as above.
1 DÉCALITRE = 10 litres.
1 HECTOLITRE = 100 "
1 DÉCILITRE = 1/10th of a litre.
1 CENTILITRE = 1/100th "
1 MILLILITRE = 1/1000th "

MONEY.

1 FRANC = 100 centimes.
A franc = 5 grammes (4.5 silver, and .5 alloy).
1 DÉCIME = 10 centimes.
1 SOU = 5 "

* * * * *

FRENCH LINEAL MEASURES, &c. = BRITISH.

BRITISH LINEAL MEASURES, &c. = FRENCH.

* * * * *

FRENCH WEIGHTS = BRITISH.

_French_. _British_.
DÉCIGRAMME | 1.543 grain or about 1½ grains.
GRAMME | 15.432 grains 28-1/3 grammes =
1 ounce avoirdupois.
DÉCAGRAMME | 0.353 ounce avoirdupois about 1/3 of an ounce
avoirdupois.
HECTOGRAMME | 3.527 ounces nearly ¼ pound.
KILOGRAMME or KILO | 2.2046 pounds In trade, a kilo is
reckoned at 10 per cent. more than 2 pounds.

BRITISH WEIGHTS = FRENCH.

* * * * *

FRENCH LIQUID AND CORN MEASURES = BRITISH.

_French_. _British_.
LITRE | 1.76 pint (imperial) or about 1¾ pints.
HECTOLITRE | 22.01 gallons " 22 gallons.

BRITISH LIQUID AND CORN MEASURES = FRENCH.

* * * * *

MONEY.

_English_. _French_.
1 £. | 25 francs 22 centimes, or about 25 francs.
1 s. | 1 franc 26 centimes, " 1¼ franc.
1 d. | 10 centimes.
½ d. | 5 centimes, or a 'sou.'
A franc is about 9½ d. 100 francs = £4, nearly.
A milliard of francs (1,000,000,000) = £40,000,000, nearly.

* * * * *

ADDENDA.

* * * * *

ACETONE, a's[=e]-t[=o]n, _n._ one of a class of carbon compounds in many respects similar to the aldehydes; also called _Ketone_. [From ACETIC.]

ACIERATE, as'i-[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to turn into steel.--_n._ AC'IERAGE, the process of electroplating a metal with iron or steel. [Fr. _acier_, steel, L. _acies_, edge.]

ADIABATIC, ad-i-a-bat'ik, _adj._ (_physics_) neither losing nor gaining heat: impassable to heat. [Gr. _a_, not, _dia_, through, _batos_, passable.]

AËROPLANE, [=a]'e-r[=o]-pl[=a]n, _n._ a form of flying-machine: a small plane for aerostatic experiments. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, air, L. _planus_, plain.]

AGAR-AGAR, äg'ar-äg'ar, _n._ a nutrient jelly prepared from certain seaweeds, and used in the artificial cultivation of bacteria.

ALBUMINURIA, al-b[=u]-min-[=u]'ri-a, _n._ the presence of albumin in the urine: the disease producing this.

ALTISCOPE, al'ti-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument containing several lenses and mirrors, so arranged that an observer can see beyond intervening objects.

BARRANCA, bar-ran'ka, _n._ a deep gorge, with steep sides.--Also BARRAN'CO. [Sp. Am.]

CARBOHYDRATE, kär'b[=o]-h[=i]-dr[=a]t, _n._ a compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the last two being in the proportion to form water. [CARBON and HYDRATE.]

CIRRHOSIS, si-r[=o]'sis, _n._ a wasting of the proper tissue of an organ, accompanied by abnormal growth of connective tissue. [Gr. _kirrhos_, tawny.]

ELECTRON, [=e]-lek'tron, _n._ a particle or corpuscle vastly more minute than anything heretofore contemplated by science--in mass about a thousandth part of that of a hydrogen atom; and identified with the charge of negative electricity with which it is indissolubly associated. [From the root of ELECTRIC (q.v.).]

FORMALIN, form'al-in, _n._ a powerful antiseptic and germicide.--Also FORMAL'DEHYDE (see ALDEHYDE).

LIMERICK, lim'[.e]r-ik, _n._ 'nonsense verse' in five-lined stanzas.

LITCHI, l[=e]'ch[=e], _n._ a Chinese fruit: the tree on which it grows.

MAFFICKING, maf'fik-ing, _n._ noisy rejoicings of the mob. [From the scene in the streets of London when the news of the relief of _Mafeking_ was received (1900).]

MALNUTRITION, mal'n[=u]-trish'un, _n._ imperfect nutrition.

MARCONIGRAM, mar-c[=o]'ni-gram, _n._ a message transmitted by 'wireless' telegraphy. [From _Marconi_, the inventor of the system, and Gr. _gramma_, that which is written.]

MERCERISE, m[.e]r'c[.e]r-[=i]z, _v.t._ to treat cotton so as to make it appear like silk. [From _Mercer_ (1791-1866), the inventor of the process.]

MOTOR-GARAGE, m[=o]'tor-gär-äzh', _n._ a depot where motor-cars are stored or repaired and provided with accessories. [_Motor_ and Fr. _garage_--_gare_, dock, railway station; from the High German root found in AWARE (q.v.).]

PARALDEHYDE, pär-al'de-h[=i]d, _n._ a colourless liquid, of disagreeable taste and smell, used to produce sleep (see ALDEHYDE).

POGROM, pog-rom', _n._ destruction: devastation: a lawless outburst involving injury to persons and property. [Russian.]

PRODUCER-GAS, pro-d[=u]'s[.e]r-gas, _n._ a mixture of hydrogen and carbon-monoxide diluted with nitrogen.

RADIO-ACTIVITY, r[=a]'di-o-ak-tiv'i-ti, _n._ the power of producing photographic or electrical effects by a process identical with or analogous to radiation.

RADIOSCOPE, r[=a]'di-o-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for detecting radiation (see RADIANT).

RÖNTGENISE, runt'gen-[=i]z (g hard), _v.t._ to treat by the Röntgen rays (see at X-RAYS under X).--_ns._ RÖNTGENOG'RAPHY, photography by these rays; RÖNTGENOL'OGY, the study of the rays; RÖNTGENOS'COPY, observation by means of them; RÖNTGENOTHER'APY, healing by means of them.

SERENDIPITY, s[.e]r-en-dip'i-ti, _n._ a love for rare old books and other articles of virtu.--_adj._ appertaining to this. [Coined from _Serendib_, a character in the _Arabian Nights_ who went about picking up odds and ends and piecing them together.]

SPINTHARISCOPE, spin-thär'i-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument devised by Sir W. Crookes for observing the scintillations produced in zinc sulphide by a small fragment of a radium compound placed near it. [Gr. _spintharis_, a spark, and _skopein_, to see.]

SULPHONAL, sul'f[=o]-nal, _n._ a chemical compound used as a hypnotic and anæsthetic, and derived in part from potassium sulpho-hydrate.

TAXIMETER, tak-sim'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument attached to cabs for indicating the fare due for the distance travelled. Sometimes (but wrongly) called TAXAMETER. [Fr. _taxe_, price, and Gr. _metron_, measure.]

TELEGONY, tel-eg'on-i, _n._ the transmitted influence of a male by whom a female has previously conceived upon her subsequent offspring by another male. [Gr. _t[=e]l[=e]_, at a distance, _gonia_, a begetting.]

TELESCRIPTOR, tel'e-skrip-tor, _n._ a machine for the purpose of sending messages over telegraph wires so that they appear in the handwriting of the sender when received. [Gr. _t[=e]l[=e]_, at a distance, L. _scriptum_, _scribere_, to write.]

TRIONAL, tr[=i]'[=o]-nal, _n._ a drug used as a hypnotic, akin to sulphonal, but safer.

VERONAL, ver'[=o]-nal, _n._ a drug used as a hypnotic, akin to trional.

* * * * *

Edinburgh: Printed by W. & R. Chambers, Limited.

* * * * *

Corrections made to printed original.

Under "Sal":--"corrosive sublimate and ammonium chloride", "and" omitted in original.

Under "Savin":--"anthelmintic", printed as "antithelmintic" in original.

Under "Sesquiduple":--"two and a half times", printed as "three and a half times" in original.

Under "Silk" in "raw silk is unwound":--"silk", printed as "cotton" in original.

Under "Soldier" (in etymology):--"a piece of money", printed as "or a piece of money" in original.

Under "Solomon":--"two triangles interlaced", printed as "one triangle interlaced" in original.

Under "Somatist":--"S[=o]matotrop'ic", printed as "S[=o]matrop'ic" in original.

Under "Somite":--"arthromere", printed as "arthromore" in original.

Under "Stibium":--"trisulphide", printed as "trisulphid" in original.

Under "Subimago":--"certain", printed as "cetrain" in original.

Under "Tenesmus":--"fæcal", printed as "foecal" in original.

Under "Trepan" (in etymology):--"tryp[)a]non", printed as "tyrp[)a]non" in original.

Under "Trieteric" (pronunciation):--"tr[=i]-e-t[.e]r'ik", printed as "tr[=i]-e-t[.e]r'k" in original.

Under "Unnecessary" (descibing Unnecessarily):--"adv.", printed as "adj." in original.

Under "D.d." (abbreviation):--"dedit", printed as "detit" in original.

Under "Musical terms: Sforzando" (abbreviations):--"sfz.", printed as "rf., rfz." in original.

Under "Christian names: William (name)" before Guillaume:--"Fr.", printed as "Gr." in original.

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Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements)Chapter VI: ET ARMIS (L.), by force and arms: by main force

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