Chapter VIII: Front Matter (8)

SHEAVE, sh[=e]v, _n._ the wheel of a pulley over which the rope runs: a sliding scutcheon for covering a keyhole.--_n._ SHEAVE'-HOLE. [_Shive_.]

SHEAVED, sh[=e]vd, _adj._ (_Shak._) made of straw.

SHEBANG, sh[=e]-bang', _n._ (_Amer._) a place, a store, a saloon, a gaming-house: a brothel.

SHEBEEN, she-b[=e]n', _n._ a place where intoxicating drinks are privately and unlawfully sold.--_ns._ SHEB[=EE]'NER, one who keeps a shebeen; SHEB[=EE]'NING. [Ir.]

SHECHINAH, sh[=e]-k[=i]'na, _n._ Same as SHEKINAH.

SHECKLATON, shek'la-ton, _n._ Same as CHECKLATON.

SHED, shed, _v.t._ to part, separate: to scatter, cast off: to throw out: to pour: to spill.--_v.i._ to let fall, cast:--_pr.p._ shed'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shed.--_n._ a division, parting, as of the hair, and in watershed.--_ns._ SHED'DER; SHED'DING. [A.S. _sceádan_, to separate; Ger. _scheiden_.]

SHED, shed, _n._ a slight erection, usually of wood, for shade or shelter: an outhouse: a large temporary open structure for reception of goods. [_Shade_.]

SHEELING. See under SHEAL.

SHEEN, sh[=e]n, _n._ brightness or splendour.--_adj._ (_obs._) bright, shining.--_v.i._ (_arch._) to shine, glitter.--_adj._ SHEEN'Y, shining, beautiful. [A.S. _scéne_, _scýne_, fair; Dut. _schoon_, Ger. _schön_, beautiful; prob. from the root of A.S. _sceáwian_, to look at.]

SHEENY, sh[=e]n'i, _n._ (_slang_) a sharp fellow, a cheat, a Jewish dealer.--_adj._ cheating.

SHEEP, sh[=e]p, _n.sing._ and _pl._ the well-known ruminant mammal covered with wool: leather made from sheep-skin: a silly and timid fellow.--_ns._ SHEEP'-B[=I]T'ER (_Shak._), one who practises petty thefts; SHEEP'-B[=I]T'ING, robbing those under one's care, like an ill-trained shepherd-dog; SHEEP'-COTE, an enclosure for sheep; SHEEP'-DOG, a dog trained to watch sheep: (_slang_) a chaperon.--_adj._ SHEEP'-FACED, sheepish, bashful.--_ns._ SHEEP'-FARM'ER, SHEEP'-FOLD, a fold or enclosure for sheep: a flock of sheep; SHEEP'-HEAD, SHEEP'S'-HEAD, a fool, a stupid and timid person: an American fish of the family _Sparidæ_, allied to the perches, so called from the shape and colour of the head; SHEEP'-HOOK, a shepherd's crook.--_adj._ SHEEP'ISH, like a sheep: bashful: foolishly diffident.--_adv._ SHEEP'ISHLY.--_ns._ SHEEP'ISHNESS; SHEEP'-LOUSE, a parasitic dipterous insect; SHEEP'-MAR'KET, a place where sheep are sold; SHEEP'-MAS'TER, a master or owner of sheep; SHEEP'-PEN, an enclosure for sheep; SHEEP'-PEST, the sheep-tick; SHEEP'-POX, a contagious eruptive disease of sheep, variola ovina; SHEEP'-RUN, a tract of grazing country for sheep; SHEEP'S'-EYE, a modest, diffident look: a loving, wishful glance; SHEEP'S'-FOOT, a printer's tool with a claw at one end for prizing up forms; SHEEP'-SHANK (_Scot._), the shank of a sheep--hence something slender and weak: a nautical knot for temporarily shortening a rope; SHEEP'-SHEARER, one who shears sheep; SHEEP'-SHEARING; SHEEP'-SHEARS, a kind of shears used for shearing sheep; SHEEP'-SIL'VER, money formerly paid by tenants for release from the service of washing the lord's sheep; SHEEP'-SKIN, the skin of a sheep: leather prepared from the skin of a sheep: a deed engrossed on sheep-skin parchment; SHEEP'-STEAL'ER; SHEEP'-STEAL'ING; SHEEP'S'-WOOL, a valuable Florida sponge; SHEEP'-TICK, an insect which attacks the sheep, sucking its blood and raising a tumour; SHEEP'WALK, the place where the sheep pasture; SHEEP'-WASH, a lotion for vermin on the sheep, or to preserve its wool--also SHEEP'-DIP; SHEEP'-WHIS'TLING, tending sheep.--BLACK SHEEP, the disreputable member of a family or group. [A.S. _sceáp_; Ger. _schaf_.]

SHEER, sh[=e]r, _adj._ pure: unmingled: simple: without a break, perpendicular.--_adv._ clear: quite: at once. [Ice. _skærr_, bright; Ice. _skírr_, A.S. _scír_.]

SHEER, sh[=e]r, _v.i._ to deviate from the line of the proper course, as a ship: to turn aside.--_n._ the deviation from the straight line, or the longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's deck or sides.--_ns._ SHEER'-HULK, an old dismasted ship with a pair of sheers mounted on it for masting ships; SHEER'-LEG, one of the spars.--_n.pl._ SHEERS, an apparatus for hoisting heavy weights, having usually two legs or spars spread apart at their lower ends, and bearing at their tops, where they are joined, hoisting-tackle. [Perh. Dut. _scheren_, to cut, withdraw.]

SHEET, sh[=e]t, _n._ a large, thin piece of anything: a large, broad piece of cloth in a bed: a large, broad piece of paper: a sail: the rope fastened to the leeward corner of a sail to extend it to the wind.--_v.t._ to cover with, or as with, a sheet: to furnish with sheets: to form into sheets.--_ns._ SHEET'-COPP'ER, -[=I]'RON, -LEAD, -MET'AL, copper, iron, lead, metal in thin sheets.--_adj._ SHEET'ED, with a white band or belt.--_ns._ SHEET'-GLASS, a kind of crown-glass made at first in the form of a cylinder, cut longitudinally, and opened out into a sheet; SHEET'ING, cloth used for bed-sheets: the process of forming into sheets; SHEET'-LIGHT'NING, lightning appearing in sheets or having a broad appearance; SHEET'-WORK, press-work.--A SHEET (or THREE SHEETS) IN THE WIND, fuddled, tipsy; IN SHEETS (_print._), not folded, or folded but not bound. [A.S. _scéte_, _scýte_, a sheet--_sceótan_ (pa.t. _sceát_), to shoot, project.]

SHEET-ANCHOR, sh[=e]t'-angk'ur, _n._ the largest anchor of a ship, shot or thrown out in extreme danger: chief support: last refuge. [_Shoot_ and _anchor_.]

SHEIK, SHEIKH, sh[=e]k, _n._ a man of eminence, a lord, a chief: a title of learned or devout me _n._ [Ar. _sheikh_--_sh[=a]kha_, to be old.]

SHEILING, sh[=e]l'ing, _n._ Same as SHEALING.

SHEKEL, shek'l, _n._ a Jewish weight (about half-an-ounce avoirdupois) and coin (about 2s. 6d. sterling): (_pl._) money (_slang_). [Heb. from _sh[=a]qal_, to weigh.]

SHEKINAH, SHECHINAH, sh[=e]-k[=i]'na, _n._ the Divine presence which rested like a cloud or visible light over the mercy-seat. [Heb.,--_sh[=a]khan_, to dwell.]

SHELDRAKE, shel'dr[=a]k, _n._ a genus of birds of the Duck family _Anatidæ_, having the hind-toe free:--_fem._ SHEL'DUCK. [A.S. _scyld_, a shield, and _drake_.]

SHELF, shelf, _n._ a board fixed on a wall, &c., for laying things on: a flat layer of rock: a ledge: a shoal: a sandbank:--_pl._ SHELVES (shelvz).--_adj._ SHELF'Y.--PUT, LAY, ON THE SHELF, to put aside from duty or service. [A.S. _scylfe_, a plank, Ice. _skjálf_, a bench.]

SHELL, shel, _n._ a term applied to the hard outer covering or skeleton of many animals, to the internal skeleton of some invertebrates, and to the outer covering-of the eggs of various animals: any framework: the outer ear: a testaceous mollusc: any frail structure: a frail boat: a rough kind of coffin: an instrument of music: a bomb: a hollow projectile containing a bursting charge of gunpowder or other explosive ignited at the required instant by means of either time or percussion fuses: the thin coating of copper on an electrotype: an intermediate class in some schools.--_v.t._ to break off the shell: to remove the shell from: to take out of the shell: to throw shells or bombs upon, to bombard.--_v.i._ to fall off like a shell: to cast the shell.--_ns._ SHELLAC (she-lak', shel'ak), SHELL'-LAC, lac prepared in thin plates for making varnish, &c.--_v.t._ to coat with shellac.--_ns._ SHELL'-BACK, an old sailor, a barnacle; SHELL'-BARK, either of two North American hickories.--_adj._ SHELLED, having a shell, testaceous.--_ns._ SHELL'ER, one who shells or husks; SHELL'FISH, a popular term for many aquatic animals not fishes, esp. oysters, clams and all molluscs, and crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters; SHELL'-GUN, a cannon used for throwing shells, esp. horizontally: SHELL'-HEAP, a prehistoric accumulation of shells, &c., pointing back to a race that lived on shellfish; SHELL'-ICE, ice no longer supported by the water beneath; SHELL'-JACK'ET, an undress military jacket; SHELL'-LIME, lime procured from the shells of shellfish by burning; SHELL'-LIME'STONE, a limestone largely consisting of shells; SHELL'-MARL, a white earthy deposit, resulting from the accumulation of fragments of shells; SHELL'-MOUND, a shell-heap; SHELL'-OR'NAMENT, decoration in which any shell-form is prominent.--_adj._ SHELL'PROOF, proof against, or able to resist, shells or bombs.--_ns._ SHELL'-ROOM, a magazine on board ship where shells are stored; SHELL'-SAND, sand consisting in great part of fragments of shells, and often containing a small proportion of organic matter, a very useful manure for clay soils, heavy loams, and newly-reclaimed bogs; SHELL'WORK, work composed of or adorned with shells.--_adj._ SHELL'Y, consisting of a shell: testaceous.--SHELL OUT, (_slang_), to hand over, as money. [A.S. _scell_, _scyl_; Dut. _schel_, Ice. _skel_.]

SHELTA, shel'ta, _n._ a secret jargon of great antiquity spoken by Irish tinkers, beggars, and pipers.--Also _Shelr[=u]_, _Cainnt cheard_, _Gam cant_, _Bog-latin_. [_Shelr[=u]_, a perversion of the Irish _béulra_, language.]

SHELTER, shel't[.e]r, _n._ that which shields or protects: a refuge: a retreat, a harbour: protection.--_v.t._ to cover or shield: to defend: to conceal.--_v.i._ to take shelter.--_n._ SHEL'TERER.--_adjs._ SHEL'TERLESS; SHEL'TERY, affording shelter. [Orig. _sheltron_--A.S. _scyld-truma_, shield-troop--_scyld_, shield, _truma_, troop--_trum_, firm.]

SHELTY, SHELTIE, shel'ti, _n._ a Shetland pony. [Perh. a dim. of _Shetland pony_.]

SHELVE, shelv, _v.t._ to furnish with shelves: to place on a shelf; to put aside.--_n._ SHEL'VING, the furnishing with shelves: the act of placing on a shelf: shelves or materials for shelves.

SHELVE, shelv, _v.i._ to slope, incline.--_n._ a ledge.--_n._ SHEL'VING, a shelving place: (_rare_) a bank.--_adj._ SHEL'VY, sloping, shallow. [Prob. ult. from Ice. _skelgja-sk_, to come askew--_skjálgr_, wry.]

SHEMITIC. Same as SEMITIC.

SHEND, shend, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to disgrace, to reproach, to blame, also to overpower, to surpass:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shent. [A.S. _scendan_, to disgrace--A.S. _scand_, _sceand_ (Ger. _schande_), shame.]

SHE-OAK, sh[=e]'-[=o]k, _n._ one of several shrubs of the Australian genus _Casuarina_.

SHEOL, sh[=e]'[=o]l, _n._ the place of departed spirits. [Heb. _she'[=o]l_, a hollow place--_sh[=a]'al_, to dig out.]

SHEPHERD, shep'[.e]rd, _n._ one who herds sheep: a swain: a pastor:--_fem._ SHEP'HERDESS.--_v.t._ to tend as a shepherd: to watch over, protect the interests of, or one's own interests in.--_ns._ SHEP'HERDISM, pastoral life; SHEP'HERDLING, a little shepherd; SHEP'HERD'S-CROOK, a long staff, its upper end curved into a hook; SHEP'HERD'S-DOG, a dog specially trained to help in tending sheep, the collie or Scotch sheep-dog, &c.; SHEP'HERD'S-FLUTE, a flageolet or the like; SHEP'HERD'S-NEE'DLE, an annual plant, called also Venus's comb; SHEP'HERD'S-PLAID, -TAR'TAN, a woollen cloth made with black and white checks: this form of pattern itself; SHEP'HERD'S-POUCH, -PURSE, an annual cruciferous plant, with compressed, somewhat heart-shaped seed-vessel; SHEP'HERD'S-ROD, -STAFF, a small kind of teasel.--SHEPHERD KINGS (see HYKSOS).--THE GOOD SHEPHERD, a title of Jesus Christ (John, x. 11); THE SHEPHERDS, a sect of fanatical shepherds in France about 1251 A.D., eager to deliver the imprisoned Louis IX. [A.S. _sceáp-hyrde_. _Sheep_ and _herd_.]

SHEPPY, SHEPPEY, shep'i, _n._ (_prov_.) a sheep-cote.

SHERBET, sh[.e]r'bet, _n._ a drink of water and fruit juices, sweetened and flavoured. [Through Turk. from Ar. _sharbat_, a drink--_shariba_, he drinks.]

SHERD, sh[.e]rd, _n._ See SHARD.

SHERIF, SHEREEF, she-r[=e]f', _n._ a descendant of Mohammed through his daughter Fatima: a prince or ruler: the chief magistrate of Mecca. [Ar. _shar[=i]f_, noble, lofty.]

SHERIFF, sher'if, _n._ the governor of a shire: (_English law_) the chief officer of the crown in every county or shire, his duties being chiefly ministerial rather than judicial: (_Scots law_) the chief magistrate and judge of the county: in the United States the office of sheriff is mainly ministerial, his principal duties to maintain peace and order, attend courts, guard prisoners, serve processes, and execute judgments.--_ns._ SHER'IFFALTY, SHER'IFFDOM, SHER'IFFSHIP, the office or jurisdiction of a sheriff; SHER'IFF-CLERK, in Scotland the registrar of the sheriff's court, who has charge of the records of the court; SHER'IFF-DEP'UTE (_Scot._), the sheriff proper, so called since the abolition of the heritable jurisdictions in 1748 to distinguish him from the earlier heritable SHER'IFF-PRIN'CIPAL, whose title is now merged in that of the Lord-lieutenant; SHER'IFF-OFF'ICER, in Scotland, an officer connected with the sheriff's court, who is charged with arrests, the serving of processes, &c.; SHER'IFF-SUB'STITUTE, the acting sheriff in a Scotch county or city, like the sheriff-depute appointed by the crown, but unlike the sheriff-depute forced to reside within his judicial district, and forbidden to take other employment; UN'DER-SHER'IFF, the deputy of an English sheriff who performs the execution of writs. [A.S. _scir-geréfa_--_scir_ (Eng. _shire_), _geréfa_, a governor; cog. with Ger. _graf_, a count.]

SHERRIS, sher'is, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as SHERRY.

SHERRY, sher'i, _n._ a name derived from _Xeres_ or _Jerez_ de la Frontera, near Cadiz, and applied to the better kind of white wines grown in the neighbourhood of Xeres.--SHERRY COBBLER, a cobbler made with sherry.--NATURAL SHERRY, a sherry having from two to four per cent. of spirit added to make it keep.

SHET, shet, _adj._ (_U.S._) freed from.

SHETLANDER, shet'land-[.e]r, _n._ a native or inhabitant of _Shetland_.--SHETLAND LACE, an open-work ornamental trimming made with woollen yarn for shawls, &c.; SHETLAND PONY, a small sturdy and shaggy horse, usually nine to ten hands high, a shelty; SHETLAND WOOL, a thin but strong undyed worsted, spun from the wool of the sheep in the Shetland Islands, much used for knitting fine shawls, &c.

SHEUCH, SHEUGH, sh[=oo]h, or shyuh, _n._ (_Scot._) a ditch.

SHEVA, she-vä', _n._ a Hebrew point (:) written below its consonant, and indicating properly the absence of a vowel (_simple sheva_). It is either unsounded, as at the close of a syllable (_silent sheva_), or given a short breathing or neutral sound, as at the beginning of a syllable (_vocal sheva_). Sometimes it is compounded with the short vowels, forming _compound shevas_.

SHEW, sh[=o]. Same as SHOW.

SHEWBREAD, sh[=o]'bred. Same as SHOWBREAD.

SHIAH, sh[=e]'ä, _n._ a member of that Mohammedan sect which maintains that Ali, first cousin of Mohammed and husband of his daughter Fatima, was the first legitimate successor of the Prophet, rejecting the three califs of their opponents the Sunnis, as usurpers.--_n._ SHIISM (sh[=e]'izm). [Ar. _sh[=i]'a_, sect.]

SHIBBOLETH, shib'b[=o]-leth, _n._ (_B._) a test-word used by the Gileadites under Jephthah to detect the fleeing Ephraimites, who could not pronounce the _sh_ (Judges, xii. 4-6): the criterion or watchword of a party. [Heb., an ear of corn, or a stream.]

SHIELD, sh[=e]ld, _n._ a broad plate worn for defence on the left arm: anything that protects: defence: a person who protects: the shield-shaped escutcheon used for displaying arms.--_v.t._ to defend: (_Shak._) to forfend, avert.--_v.i._ to be a shelter.--_ns._ SHIEL'DER; SHIELD'-FERN, a fern, so called from its shape.--_adj._ SHIELD'LESS, defenceless.--_adv._ SHIELD'LESSLY.--_n._ SHIELD'LESSNESS.--_adj._ SHIELD'-SHAPED, scutate. [A.S. _scyld_; Ger. _schild_, Ice. _skiöldr_, protection.]

SHIELING. See under SHEAL.

SHIFT, shift, _v.t._ to change in form or character: to put out of the way: to dress in fresh clothes.--_v.i._ to change about: to remove: to change one's clothes: to resort to expedients for some purpose: in violin-playing, to move the left hand from its original position next to the nut.--_n._ a change: in violin-playing, any position of the left hand except that nearest the nut: a squad or relay of men: a contrivance: an artifice: last resource: a chemise or woman's undermost garment (orig. signifying a change of body-linen).--_adj._ SHIFT'ABLE, capable of being shifted.--_ns._ SHIFT'ER, one who shifts: a trickster; SHIFT'INESS, the character of being shifty.--_adj._ SHIFT'ING, unstable: shifty.--_adv._ SHIFT'INGLY.--_adj._ SHIFT'LESS, destitute of shifts or expedients: unsuccessful, for want of proper means.--_adv._ SHIFT'LESSLY.--_n._ SHIFT'LESSNESS.--_adj._ SHIFT'Y, full of, or ready with, shifts, contrivances, or expedients.--SHIFT ABOUT, to vacillate: to turn quite round to the opposite point; SHIFT FOR ONE'S SELF, to provide for one's self; SHIFT OF CROPS, rotation of crops; SHIFT OFF, to defer: to put away.--MAKE SHIFT, to find ways and means of doing something, contrive. [A.S. _sciftan_, to divide, Ice. _skipta_.]

SHIITE, sh[=e]'[=i]t, _n._ the same as SHIAH (q.v.).--_adj._ SHIIT'IC.

SHIKAR, shi-kär', _n._ in India, hunting, sport.--_ns._ SHIKAR'EE, SHIKAR'I, a hunter. [Hind.]

SHIKO, shik'[=o], _n._ a posture of prostration in Burma.

SHILLALAH, shi-l[=a]'la, _n._ an oak sapling, the oak or blackthorn cudgel of the conventional Irishman.--Also SHILLE'LAH, SHILL[=A]'LY. [Prob. _Shillelagh_, an oak-wood in County Wicklow.]

SHILLING, shil'ing, _n._ an English silver coin=12 pence.--TAKE THE SHILLING, to enlist as a soldier by accepting the recruiting-officer's shilling--discontinued since 1879. [A.S. _scilling_; Ger. _schilling_.]

SHILLY-SHALLY, shil'i-shal'i, _adv._ in silly hesitation.--_n._ foolish trifling: irresolution.--_v.i._ to hesitate.--_n._ SHILL'Y-SHALL'IER, an irresolute person. [A reduplication of '_Shall I?_']

SHILPIT, shil'pit, _adj._ (_Scot._) weak, washy: feeble-looking. [Ety. dub.]

SHILY, same as SHYLY. See SHY.

SHIM, shim, _n._ (_mach._) a thin slip used to fill up space caused by wear.--_v.t._ to wedge up. [Ety. dub.]

SHIMMER, shim'[.e]r, _v.i._ to gleam tremulously, to glisten.--_ns._ SHIMM'ER, SHIMM'ERING, a tremulous gleam. [A.S. _scimrian_--_scíman_, to shine; Ger. _schimmern_.]

SHIN, shin, _n._ the large bone of the leg or the forepart of it: a bird's shank.--_v.i._ to climb a tree (with _up_): to tramp, trudge.--_v.t._ to climb a tree by swarming up it: to kick on the shins.--_ns._ SHIN'-BONE, the tibia; SHIN'-PIECE, a piece of armour defending the forepart of the leg; SHIN'-PLAS'TER (_U.S._), a patch of brown-paper steeped in vinegar, &c., laid on a sore: a small paper note or promise to pay. [A.S. _scina_, the shin (esp. in the compound _scin-bán_, shin-bone); Dut. _scheen_, Ger. _schiene_.]

SHIN, shin, _n._ a god, or the gods: the term used by Protestant missionaries in Japan and China for the Supreme Being.

SHINDY, shin'di, _n._ the game of shinty, shinny, bandy-ball, or hockey: (_slang_) a row, disturbance.--KICK UP A SHINDY, to make a disturbance.

SHINE, sh[=i]n, _v.i._ to beam with steady radiance: to glitter: to be bright or beautiful: to be eminent.--_v.t._ to cause to shine:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shone (shon), (_B._) sh[=i]ned.--_adj._ (_Spens._) bright.--_n._ brightness: splendour: fair weather: (_slang_) disturbance, row, a trick.--_n._ SH[=I]'NER, that which shines: (_slang_) a coin, esp. a sovereign: a small American fresh-water fish.--_adj._ SH[=I]'NING.--_adv._ SH[=I]'NINGLY.--_n._ SH[=I]'NINGNESS.--_adj._ SH[=I]'NY, clear, unclouded: glossy.--CAUSE, or MAKE, THE FACE TO SHINE (_B._), to be propitious; TAKE THE SHINE OUT OF (_slang_), to outshine, eclipse. [A.S. _scínan_; Ger. _scheinen_.]

SHINGLE, shing'gl, _n._ wood sawed or split thin, used instead of slates or tiles, for roofing houses: (_U.S._) a small sign-board or plate.--_v.t._ to cover with shingles: to crop the hair very close.--_adjs._ SHING'LED, SHING'LE-ROOFED, having the roof covered with shingles.--_ns._ SHING'LER; SHING'LING. [Low L. _scindula_, a wooden tile--L. _scind[)e]re_, to split.]

SHINGLE, shing'gl, _n._ the coarse gravel on the shores of rivers or of the sea.--_adj._ SHING'LY. [Orig. _single_--Norw. _singel_, _singling_, shingle--_singla_, freq. of _singa_, to ring.]

SHINGLES, shing'glz, _n._ popular name for the disease _Herpes zoster_. [A corr. of L. _cingulum_, a belt or girdle--_cing[)e]re_, to gird.]

SHINNY, shin'i, _n._ the game of bandy-ball or hockey. [Prob. Gael, _sinteag_, a bound.]

SHINTI-YAN, shin'ti-yan, _n._ the loose drawers worn by Moslem women.--Also SHIN'TIGAN.

SHINTO, shin't[=o], _n._ the system of nature and hero worship forming the indigenous religion of Japan.--_ns._ SHIN'T[=O]ISM; SHIN'T[=O]IST. [Jap.,=Chin. _shin tao_--_shin_, god, _tao_, way, doctrine.]

SHINTY, shin'ti, _n._ Same as SHINNY.

SHIP, ship, _n._ a vessel having three masts, with tops and yards to each: generally, any large sea-going vessel.--_v.t._ to put on board a ship: to engage for service on board a ship: to transport by ship: to fix in its place.--_v.i._ to engage for service on shipboard:--_pr.p._ ship'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shipped.--_ns._ SHIP'-BIS'CUIT, hard biscuit for use on shipboard; SHIP'BOARD, the deck or side of a ship; SHIP'-BOY, a boy that serves on board a ship; SHIP'-BREAK'ER, one who breaks up vessels no longer fit for sea; SHIP'-BROK'ER, a broker who effects sales, insurance, &c. of ships; SHIP'BUILDER, one whose occupation is to construct ships; SHIP'BUILDING; SHIP'-CANAL', a canal large enough to admit the passage of sea-going vessels; SHIP'-CAP'TAIN, one who commands a ship; SHIP'-CAR'PENTER, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; SHIP'-CHAND'LER, a dealer in cordage, canvas, and other ship furniture or stores; SHIP'-CHAND'LERY, the business wares of a ship-chandler; SHIP'-F[=E]'VER, typhus fever, as common on board crowded ships; SHIP'FUL, as much or as many as a ship will hold; SHIP'-HOLD'ER, a ship-owner; SHIP'-LETT'ER, a letter sent by a vessel which does not carry mails; SHIP'-LOAD, the load or cargo of a ship; SHIP'MAN, a sailor:--_pl._ SHIP'MEN; SHIP'MASTER, the captain of a ship; SHIP'MATE, a companion in the same ship; SHIP'MENT, act of putting on board ship: embarkation: that which is shipped; SHIP'-MON'EY, a tyrannical tax imposed by the king on seaports, revived without authorisation of parliament by Charles I. in 1634-37; SHIP'-OF-THE-LINE, before steam navigation, a man-of-war large enough to take a place in a line of battle; SHIP'-OWN'ER, the owner of a ship or ships.--_adj._ SHIPPED (_Shak._), furnished with a ship or ships.--_ns._ SHIP'PER; SHIP'PING, ships collectively: tonnage: (_Shak._) a voyage; SHIP'PING-[=A]G'ENT, the agent of a vessel or line of vessels to whom goods are consigned for shipment.--_n.pl._ SHIP'PING-ART'ICLES, articles of agreement, between the captain and his crew.--_ns._ SHIP'PING-BILL, invoice of goods embarked; SHIP'PING-MAS'TER, the official who witnesses signature by the sailors of the articles of agreement; SHIP'PING-OFF'ICE, the office of a shipping-agent, or of a shipping-master; SHIP'-POUND, a unit of weight in the Baltic ports; SHIP'-RAIL'WAY, a railway by means of which vessels can be carried overland from one body of water to another.--_adjs._ SHIP'-RIGGED (_naut._), rigged like a ship, having three masts with square sails and spreading yards; SHIP'SHAPE, in a seaman-like manner: trim, neat, proper.--_ns._ SHIP'S'-HUS'BAND, the owner's agent in the management of a ship; SHIP'-TIRE (_Shak._), a sort of head-dress, whether from its streamers or its general likeness to a ship; SHIP'-WAY, the supports forming a sliding-way for the building, repairing, and launching of vessels; SHIP'-WORM, a genus (_Teredo_) of worm-like molluscs which perforate and live in timber, lining the cavity or tube with a calcareous encrustation; SHIP'WRECK, the wreck or destruction of a ship: destruction.--_v.t._ to destroy on the sea: to make to suffer wreck.--_ns._ SHIP'WRIGHT, a wright or carpenter who constructs ships; SHIP'YARD, a yard where ships are built or repaired.--SHIP A SEA, to have a wave come aboard; SHIP'S PAPERS, documents required for the manifestation of the property of a ship and cargo; SHIP THE OARS (see OAR).--ABOUT SHIP! an exclamation to pull in the sheet preparatory to changing a ship's course during a tack; MAKE SHIPWRECK OF, to ruin, destroy; ON SHIPBOARD, upon or within a ship; TAKE SHIP, or SHIPPING, to embark. [A.S. _scip_--_scippan_, to make--_scapan_, to shape; Goth. _skip_, Ice. _skip_, Ger. _schiff_.]

SHIPPEN, ship'n, _n._ (_prov._) a stable.--Also SHIP'PON.

SHIPPO, ship-p[=o]', _n._ Japanese enamel, cloisonné.

SHIPTON, ship'ton, _n._ usually 'Mother Shipton,' a famous prophetess of popular English tradition, born near Knaresborough in 1488.

SHIRAZ, sh[=e]-räz', _n._ a Persian wine. [_Shiraz_.]

SHIRE, sh[=i]r, shir (in county-names), _n._ a county, one of the larger divisions of England for political purposes--originally a division of the kingdom under a sheriff, the deputy of the ealdorman: a term also surviving as applied to certain smaller districts in England, as Richmondshire and Hallamshire.--_ns._ SHIRE'MAN, a sheriff; SHIRE'-MOOT, SHIRE'-MOTE, formerly in England a court of the county held periodically by the sheriff together with the bishop or the ealdorman. [A.S. _scir_, _scire_, a county, _sciran_, a secondary form of _sceran_, to cut off.]

SHIRK, sh[.e]rk, _v.t._ to avoid, get off or slink away from.--_n._ SHIR'KER.--_adj._ SHIR'KY. [A form of _shark_.]

SHIRL, sh[.e]rl, _v.i._ (_prov._) to slide.

SHIRR, SHIR, sh[.e]r, _n._ a puckering made in a fabric by parallel gathering-threads.--_v.t._ to produce such.--_adj._ SHIRRED, having lines or cords inserted between the threads, as in certain elastic fabrics.--_ns._ SHIRR'ING, decorative-shirred needlework; SHIRR'ING-STRING, a cord used to gather the threads together in shirred-work. [Ety. dub.]

SHIRT, sh[.e]rt, _n._ a short garment worn next the body by men: an interior lining in a blast-furnace.--_v.t._ to cover as with a shirt.--_ns._ SHIRT'-FRILL, a fine cambric frill worn in the early years of the 19th century on the breast of the shirt; SHIRT'-FRONT, that part of the shirt which is open and covers the breast, generally of finer material, starched stiffly; SHIRT'ING, cloth for shirts: shirts collectively.--_adj._ SHIRT'LESS, without a shirt.--_ns._ SHIRT'-SLEEVE, the sleeve of a shirt; SHIRT'-WAIST, a woman's overgarment or blouse, coming to the waist and belted there.--BLOODY SHIRT, a blood-stained shirt, as the symbol of murder; BOILED SHIRT, a white shirt clean washed; IN ONE'S SHIRT-SLEEVES, without the coat. [Scand.; Ice. _skyrta_--_skortr_, shortness.]

SHIST, &c. See SCHIST, &c.

SHITEPOKE, sh[=i]t'p[=o]k, _n._ the North American small green heron.

SHITTAH, shit'a, _n._ a tree whose durable wood--SHITTIM WOOD--was used in the construction of the Jewish Tabernacle and its furniture--prob. the _Acacia seyal_. [Heb. _shittah_, pl. _shitt[=i]m_.]

SHIVAREE, shiv'a-r[=e], _v.t._ (_U.S._) to give a mock serenade to.--Also _n._ [A corr. of _charivari_.]

SHIVE, sh[=i]v, _n._ (_Shak._) a slice, as of bread: a small bung for closing a wide-mouthed bottle. [Scand., Ice. _skífa_, a slice; Dut. _schijf_, Ger. _scheibe_.]

SHIVER, shiv'[.e]r, _n._ a splinter, or small piece into which a thing breaks by sudden violence.--_v.t._ to shatter.--_v.i._ to fall into shivers.--_n._ SHIV'ER-SPAR, a slaty calcite or calcium carbonate.--_adj._ SHIV'ERY, brittle.--SHIVER MY TIMBERS, a nautical imprecation. [Skeat explains _shiver_ as a dim. of the foregoing _shive_, a thin slice, the same as prov. Eng. _sheave_, a thin disc of wood, wheel of a pulley--Ice. _skífa_, a slice; Dut. _schijf_, Ger. _scheibe_.]

SHIVER, shiv'[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake or tremble: to shudder.--_v.t._ to cause to shake in the wind, as sails.--_n._ SHIV'ERING.--_adv._ SHIV'ERINGLY, with shivering or trembling.--_adj._ SHIV'ERY, inclined to shiver.--THE SHIVERS (_coll._), the ague, chills. [M. E. _chiveren_, a softened form of _kiveren_, supposed by Skeat to be a Scand. form of _quiver_, and a freq. of Ice. _kippa_, to pull, the spelling with sh being due to confusion with _shiver_ (_n._).]

SHIZOKU, sh[=e]-z[=o]'k[=oo], _n._ the two-sworded men of Japan, the gentry proper.

SHOAL, sh[=o]l, _n._ a great multitude of fishes swimming together.--_v.i._ to crowd.--_adv._ SHOAL'WISE, in shoals. [A.S. _scólu_, company--L. _schola_, school.]

SHOAL, sh[=o]l, _n._ a shallow: a place where the water of a river, sea, or lake is not deep: a sandbank.--_adj._ shallow.--_v.i._ to grow shallow: to come upon shallows.--_ns._ SHOAL'ER, a coasting vessel; SHOAL'INESS; SHOAL'ING, filling up with shoals; SHOAL'-MARK, a mark set up to indicate shoal-water; SHOAL'NESS, shallowness.--_adj._ SHOAL'Y, full of shoals or shallows: not deep. [Scand.; Ice. _skálgr_, oblique; cf. _Shallow_.]

SHOCK, shok, _n._ a violent shake: a sudden dashing of one thing against another: violent onset: an offence: a condition of prostration of voluntary and involuntary functions caused by trauma, a surgical operation, or excessive sudden emotional disturbance: (_coll._) a sudden attack of paralysis, a stroke: an electrical stimulant to sensory nerves, &c.: any very strong emotion.--_v.t._ to shake by violence: to offend: to disgust: to dismay.--_v.i._ to collide with violence.--_n._ SHOCK'ER (_coll._), a very sensational tale.--_adj._ SHOCK'ING, offensive, repulsive.--_adv._ SHOCK'INGLY.--_n._ SHOCK'INGNESS. [Prof. Skeat explains M. E. _schokken_, to shock, as from O. Fr. _choc_, a shock, _choquer_, to give a shock--Old High Ger. _scoc_, a shock, shaking movement. Cf. A.S. _scóc_, pa.t. of _sceacan_, to shake.]

SHOCK, shok, _n._ a heap or pile of sheaves of corn.--_v.t._ to make up into shocks or stooks.--_n._ SHOCK'ER. [M. E. _schokke_--Old Dut. _schocke_.]

SHOCK, shok, _n._ a dog with long, shaggy hair: a mass of shaggy hair.--_n._ SHOCK'-DOG, a rough-haired dog, a poodle.--_adjs._ SHOCK'-HEAD, -ED, having a thick and bushy head of hair. [A variant of _shag_.]

SHOD, shod, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _shoe_.

SHODDY, shod'i, _n._ (_orig._) the waste arising from the manufacture of wool: now applied to the wool of old woven fabrics reduced to the state in which it was before being spun and woven, and thus fit for remanufacture: the inferior cloth made from this substance: worthless goods: (_coll._) pretence, sham, vulgar and baseless assumption.--_adj._ made of shoddy: inferior, trashy: pretentious, sham, counterfeit: ambitious by reason of newly-acquired wealth.--_n._ SHODD'YISM. [_Shed_, to part--A.S. _sceádan_, to part.]

SHOE, sh[=oo], _n._ a covering for the foot, not coming above the ankle: a rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to keep it from injury: anything in form or use like a shoe:--_pl._ SHOES (sh[=oo]z).--_v.t._ to furnish with shoes: to cover at the bottom:--_pr.p._ shoe'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shod.--_ns._ SHOE'-BILL, the whalehead (_Balæniceps_); SHOE'BLACK, one who blacks and cleans shoes or boots; SHOE'-BLACK'ING, blacking for boots and shoes; SHOE'-BOY, a boy who cleans shoes; SHOE'-BRUSH, a brush for cleaning boots or shoes; SHOE'-BUCK'LE, a buckle for fastening the shoe on the foot, by means of a latchet passing over the instep; SHOE'-HAMM'ER, a broad-faced hammer for pounding leather and for driving pegs, &c.; SHOE'HORN, a curved piece of horn or metal used in putting on a shoe; SHOE'ING-HORN, a shoehorn: (_obs._) anything by which a transaction is facilitated; SHOE'-LACE, a shoe-string; SHOE'-LATCH'ET, a thong for holding a shoe, sandal, &c. on the foot; SHOE'-LEATH'ER, leather for shoes: shoes or shoeing generally.--_adj._ SHOE'LESS, destitute of shoes.--_ns._ SHOE'MAKER, one whose trade or occupation is to make shoes or boots; SHOE'MAKING; SHOE'-PEG, a small peg of wood or metal for fastening different parts of a shoe together; SHO'ER, one who furnishes shoes, a horse-shoer; SHOE'-STRETCH'ER, a last having a movable piece for distending the leather of the shoe in any part; SHOE'-STRING, a string used to draw the sides of the shoe or boot together; SHOE'-TIE, a cord or string for lacing a shoe: (_Shak._) a traveller; SHOE'-WORK'ER, one employed in a shoe-factory.--ANOTHER PAIR OF SHOES (_coll._), quite a different matter; BE IN ONE'S SHOES, or BOOTS, to be in one's place; DIE IN ONE'S SHOES, to die by violence, esp. by hanging; PUT THE SHOE ON THE RIGHT FOOT, to lay the blame where it rightly belongs. [A.S. _sceó_; Goth. _skohs_, Ger. _schuh_.]

SHOG, shog, _v.i._ to shake, jog, move on, be gone.--_v.t._ to shake.--_n._ a jog, shock. [Celt., W. _ysgogi_, to wag, _ysgog_, a jolt.]

SHOGUN, sh[=o]'g[=oo]n, _n._ the title of the commander-in-chief of the Japanese army during the continuance of the feudal system in Japan.--_adj._ SH[=O]'GUNAL.--_n._ SH[=O]'GUNATE. [Jap.,--_sho_, to hold, _gun_, army.]

SHONE, shon, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _shine_.

SHOO, sh[=oo], _interj._ off! away! to scare away fowls, &c.--_v.i._ to cry 'Shoo!'--_v.t._ to drive away by calling 'Shoo!' [Cf. Fr. _chou_, Gr. _sou_.]

SHOOK, shook, _pa.t._ of _shake_.

SHOOL, sh[=oo]l, _v.i._ to saunter about, to beg.

SHOOLDARRY, sh[=oo]l-där'i, _n._ a small tent with steep sloping roof and low sides. [Hind.]

SHOON, sh[=oo]n, an old _pl._ of _shoe_.

SHOOT, sh[=oo]t, _v.t._ to dart: to let fly with force: to discharge from a bow or gun: to strike with a shot: to thrust forward: to pass rapidly through: to lay out, place in position: to hunt over, to kill game in or on: to send forth new parts, as a plant.--_v.i._ to perform the act of shooting: to variegate, to colour in spots or threads: to be driven along: to fly, as an arrow: to jut out: to germinate: to advance or grow rapidly: to hunt birds, &c., with a gun:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shot.--_n._ act of shooting: a match at shooting, shooting-party: a young branch: (_Shak._) a sprouting horn: a passage-way in a mine for letting one down: a sloping trough used for discharging articles or goods from a height: a river-fall, rapid.--_adj._ SHOOT'ABLE, that may be shot, or shot over.--_ns._ SHOOT'ER, one who, or that which, shoots; SHOOT'ING, act of discharging firearms or an arrow: sensation of a quick pain: act or practice of killing game: right to kill game with firearms on a certain area: the district so limited; SHOOT'ING-BOX, a small house in the country for use in the shooting season; SHOOT'ING-GALL'ERY, a long room used for practice in the use of firearms; SHOOT'ING-[=I]'RON (_slang_), a revolver; SHOOT'ING-JACK'ET, a short kind of coat for shooting in; SHOOT'ING-RANGE, a place for practising shooting at targets at measured distances; SHOOT'ING-STAR, a meteor or falling star; SHOOT'ING-STICK, a printer's tool of wood or metal, to be struck with a mallet, for driving quoins.--SHOOT AHEAD, to get to the front among a set of competitors; SHOOT OVER, to go out shooting: to hunt upon.--I'LL BE SHOT (_slang_), a mild imprecation. [A.S. _sceótan_; Dut. _schieten_, Ger. _schiessen_, to dart.]

SHOP, shop, _n._ a building in which goods are sold by retail: a place where mechanics work, or where any kind of industry is pursued: one's own business or profession, also talk about such.--_v.i._ to visit shops for the purpose of buying.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to imprison:--_pr.p._ shop'ping; _pa.p._ shopped.--_ns._ SHOP'-BELL, a small automatic bell hung to give notice of the opening of a shop-door; SHOP'-BOARD, a bench on which work, esp. that of tailors, is done; SHOP'-BOY, -GIRL, a boy or girl employed in a shop; SHOP'-KEEPER, one who keeps a shop for the sale of goods by retail; SHOP'KEEPING, the business of keeping a shop; SHOP'-LIFT'ER; SHOP'-LIFT'ING, lifting or stealing anything from a shop; SHOP'MAN, one who serves in a shop: a shopkeeper; SHOPOC'RACY, shopkeepers collectively; SHOP'PING, the act of visiting shops to see and buy goods.--_adj._ SHOP'PY, commercial: abounding in shops: given to talking shop: concerning one's own pursuit.--_ns._ SHOP'-WALK'ER, one who walks about in a shop and sees the customers attended to; SHOP'WOMAN, a woman employed in a shop.--_adj._ SHOP'-WORN, somewhat tarnished by being exposed in a shop.--FANCY SHOP, a shop where fancy goods are sold.--SHUT UP SHOP (_coll._), to abandon any enterprise; THE OTHER SHOP (_slang_), a rival institution or establishment; THE WHOLE SHOP (_slang_), entirely; TALK SHOP (_coll._), to converse unseasonably about one's own profession. [A.S. _sceoppa_, a treasury (influenced by O. Fr. _eschoppe_, a stall.)]

SHORE, sh[=o]r, _pa.t._ of _shear_.

SHORE, sh[=o]r, _n._ the coast or land adjacent to the sea, to a river, or lake.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to set on shore.--_ns._ SHOR'AGE, duty on goods when brought on shore from a ship; SHORE'-ANCH'OR, the anchor lying towards the shore; SHORE'-CLIFF, a cliff at the water's edge; SHORE'-LAND, land bordering on a shore.--_adj._ SHORE'LESS, having no coast: indefinite or unlimited.--_n._ SHORES'MAN, a fisherman along shore: a sole or part owner of a vessel: a longshoreman.--_adv._ SHORE'WARD, towards the shore.--_n._ SHORE'-WH[=A]L'ING, the pursuit of the whale near the shore. [A.S. _score_--_sceran_, to shear.]

SHORE, sh[=o]r, _n._ a prop or support for the side of a building, or to keep a vessel in dock steady on the slips.--_v.t._ to prop (often with _up_).--_ns._ SH[=O]R'ER; SH[=O]R'ING, the act of supporting with props: a set of props. [Skeat refers to Ice. _skortha_, a prop, esp. under a boat--_skor-inn_, pa.p. of _skera_, to shear.]

SHORE, sh[=o]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to warn, threaten: to offer. [Perh. a form of _score_, or another form of _sure_, equivalent to _assure_.]

SHORL, SHORLACEOUS. See SCHORL.

SHORN, shorn, _pa.p._ of shear.--_n._ SH[=O]R'LING, SH[=O]RE'LING, a newly-shorn sheep.

SHORT, short, _adj._ (_comp._ SHORT'ER, _superl._ SHORT'EST) not long in time or space: not tall: near at hand, early in date: scanty, lacking, insufficient: in error, deficient in wisdom, grasp, memory, &c.: narrow: abrupt, curt, sharp, uncivil: brittle, crumbling away readily: not prolonged in utterance, unaccented: (_coll._) undiluted with water, neat: falling below a certain standard (with _of_): of stocks, &c., not having in possession when selling, not able to meet one's engagements, pertaining to short stocks or to those who have sold short.--_adv._ not long.--_n._ a summary account: a short time or syllable: whatever is deficient in number, quantity, &c.: a short sale, one who has made such: (_pl._) small clothes, knee-breeches: the bran and coarse part of meal, in mixture.--_ns._ SHORT'AGE, deficiency; SHORT'-ALLOW'ANCE, less than the regular allowance; SHORT'-AND, the character '&,' the ampersand.--_adj._ SHORT'-ARMED, having short arms, not reaching far.--_ns._ SHORT'-BILL, one having less than ten days to run; SHORT'-CAKE, a rich tea-cake made short and crisp with butter or lard and baked--also SHORT'-BREAD (_Scot._): (_U.S._) a light cake, prepared in layers with fruit between, served with cream; SHORT'-CIR'CUIT (_electr._), a path of comparatively low resistance between two points of a circuit.--_n.pl._ SHORT'-CLOTHES, small clothes, the dress of young children after the first long clothes.--_v.t._ SHORT'-COAT, to dress in short-coats.--_n.pl._ SHORT'-COATS, the shortened skirts of a child when the first long clothes are left off.--_n._ SHORT'COMING, act of coming or falling short of produce or result: neglect of, or failure in, duty.--_n.pl._ SHORT'-COMM'ONS (see COMMON).--_n._ SHORT'-CROSS, the short cross-bar of a printer's chase.--_adjs._ SHORT'-CUT, cut short instead of in long shreds--of tobacco, &c.--also _n._; SHORT'-D[=A]T'ED, having short or little time to run from its date, as a bill.--_n._ SHORT'-DIVI'SION, a method of division with a divisor not larger than 12--opp. to _Long-division_.--_v.t._ SHORT'EN, to make short: to deprive: to make friable.--_v.i._ to become short or shorter: to contract.--_n._ SHORT'-GOWN, a loose jacket with a skirt, worn by women, a bed-gown.--_adj._ SHORT'-GRASSED (_Shak._), provided or covered with short grass.--_n._ SHORT'HAND, an art by which writing is made shorter and easier, so as to keep pace with speaking.--_adj._ SHORT'-HAND'ED, not having the proper number of servants, work-people, &c.--_ns._ SHORT'HANDER, a stenographer; SHORT'-HORN, one of a breed of cattle having very short horns--_Durham_ and _Teeswater_.--_adj._ SHORT'-HORNED.--_n._ SHORT'-HOSE, the stockings of the Highland dress, reaching to the knee, as opposed to the long hose formerly worn by Englishmen.--_adjs._ SHORT'-JOINT'ED, short between the joints: having a short pastern; SHORT'-LEGGED (_Shak._), having short legs; SHORT'-LIVED, living or lasting only for a short time.--_adv._ SHORT'LY, in a short time: in a brief manner: quickly: soon.--_ns._ SHORT'-M[=E]'TRE (see METRE); SHORT'NESS; SHORT'-PULL, a light impression on a hand-press; SHORT'-RIB, one of the lower ribs, not reaching to the breast-bone, a false or floating rib.--_adj._ SHORT'-SIGHT'ED, having sight extending but a short distance: unable to see far: of weak intellect: heedless.--_adv._ SHORT'-SIGHT'EDLY.--_n._ SHORT'-SIGHT'EDNESS.--_adjs._ SHORT'-SP[=O]'KEN, sharp and curt in speech; SHORT'-ST[=A]'PLE, having the fibre short.--_n._ SHORT'-STOP, the player at base-ball between the second and third base.--_adjs._ SHORT'-TEM'PERED, easily put into a rage; SHORT'-WIND'ED, affected with shortness of wind or breath; SHORT'-WIT'TED, having little wit, judgment, or intellect.--AT SHORT SIGHT, meaning that a bill is payable soon after being presented; BE TAKEN SHORT (_coll_.), to be suddenly seized with a desire to evacuate fæces; COME, CUT, FALL, SHORT (see COME, CUT, FALL); IN SHORT, in a few words; MAKE SHORT WORK OF, to settle some difficulty or opposition promptly; TAKE UP SHORT, to check or to answer curtly; THE LONG AND SHORT, the whole. [A.S. _sceort_; Old High Ger. _scurz_; the Dut. and Sw. _kort_, Ger. _kurz_, are borrowed from L. _curtus_.]

SHOT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _shoot_.

SHOT, shot, _adj._ (_Spens._) advanced in years.--_n._ a young pig. [Perh. pa.p. of _shoot_.]

SHOT, shot, _n._ act of shooting: a marksman: a missile: flight of a missile, or the distance passed by it: small globules of lead: (_gun_.) solid projectiles generally: a small pellet, of which there are a number in one charge: range of shot, reach: one cast or set of fishing-nets: the act of shooting, one who shoots, a marksman: a plot of land, a square furlong: a stroke in billiards, &c.--_v.t._ to load with shot:--_pr.p._ shot'ting; _pa.p._ shot'ted.--_ns._ SHOT'-BELT, a belt with a pouch for carrying shot; SHOT'-CART'RIDGE, a cartridge containing small shot; SHOT'-GAUGE, an instrument for measuring the size of round-shot; SHOT'-GUN, a smooth-bore gun for small shot, a fowling-piece; SHOT'-HOLE, a hole made by a shot or bullet: a blasting-hole ready for a blast; SHOT'-OF-A-C[=A]'BLE, a length of rope as it comes from the rope-walk; SHOT'-POUCH, a pouch for small shot.--_adjs._ SHOT'-PROOF, proof against shot; SHOT'TED, loaded with ball and powder: having a shot or weight attached.--_ns._ SHOT'-TOW'ER, a place where small shot is made by dropping molten lead through a colander in rapid motion from a considerable height into water; SHOT'-WIN'DOW, a projecting window in the staircases of old Scotch wooden houses.--A BAD SHOT, a wrong guess; A SHOT IN THE LOCKER, a last reserve of money, food, &c.

SHOT, shot, _adj._ having a changeable colour, chatoyant, as silk, alpaca, &c.

SHOT, shot, _n._ a reckoning, a share of a tavern-bill, &c.--_adj._ SHOT'-FREE (_Shak._), exempted from paying one's share of the reckoning or of expense. [_Scot._]

SHOTTEN, shot'n, _p.adj._ (_Shak._) having ejected the spawn: shooting out into angles: dislocated, as a bone. [From _shoot_.]

SHOUGH, shok, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as _Shock_, a dog.

SHOULD, shood, _pa.t._ of _shall_. [A.S. _sceolde_, _pa.t._ of _sceal_; cf. _Shall_.]

SHOULDER, sh[=o]l'd[.e]r, _n._ the part of the trunk between the neck and the free portion of the arm or fore-limb, the region about the scapula: the upper joint of the foreleg of an animal cut for market: anything resembling the shoulder, a rising part, a prominence: that which sustains, support, the whole might or effort: the whole angle of a bastion between the face and flank.--_v.t._ to push with the shoulder or violently: to take upon the shoulder: to fashion with a shoulder or abutment.--_v.i._ to force one's way forward.--_ns._ SHOUL'DER-BELT, a belt that passes across the shoulder; SHOUL'DER-BLADE, the broad, flat, blade-like bone (_scapula_) of the shoulder; SHOUL'DER-BLOCK, a pulley-block left nearly square at the upper end and cut away towards the sheave; SHOUL'DER-BONE, the humerus, shoulder-blade; SHOUL'DER-CLAP'PER (_Shak._), one who claps another on the shoulder or uses great familiarity, a bailiff.--_adj._ SHOUL'DERED, having shoulders of a specified kind.--_ns._ SHOUL'DER-KNOT, a knot worn as an ornament on the shoulder, now confined to servants in livery; SHOUL'DER-PIECE, a strap passing over the shoulder and joining the front and back part of a garment; SHOUL'DER-SLIP, a sprain of the shoulder.--_adjs._ SHOUL'DER-SLIPPED, SHOUL'DER-SHOT'TEN (_Shak._), having the shoulder-joint dislocated.--_n._ SHOUL'DER-STRAP, a strap worn on or over the shoulder: (_U.S._) a narrow strap of cloth edged with gold-lace worn on the shoulder to indicate military and naval rank.--SHOULDER-OF-MUTTON SAIL, a kind of triangular sail of peculiar form, used mostly in boats, very handy and safe, particularly as a mizzen; SHOULDER TO SHOULDER, with hearty and united action or effort.--GIVE, SHOW, or TURN THE COLD SHOULDER (see COLD); PUT, or SET, ONE'S SHOULDER TO THE WHEEL, to give personal help heartily; WITH ONE SHOULDER, with one consent. [A.S. _sculder_, _sculdor_; Ger. _schulter_, Dut. _schouder_.]

SHOUT, showt, _n._ a loud and sudden outcry expressing strong emotion, or to attract attention.--_v.i._ to utter a shout: (_slang_) to order drink for others by way of treat.--_v.t._ to utter with a shout.--_n._ SHOUT'ER.--_adv._ SHOUT'INGLY. [Ety. unknown.]

SHOUT, showt, _n._ (_prov_.) a light flat-bottomed boat used in duck-shooting.

SHOVE, shuv, _v.t._ to drive along by continuous pressure: to push before one.--_v.i._ to push forward: to push off.--_n._ act of shoving: a strong push, a forward movement of packed river-ice.--SHOVE OFF, to push off a boat with oar or boat-hook. [A.S. _scofian_; Dut. _schuiven_, Ger. _schieben_.]

SHOVEL, shuv'l, _n._ an instrument consisting of a broad blade or scoop with a handle, used for lifting loose substances.--_v.t._ to lift up and throw with a shovel: to gather in large quantities.--_v.i._ to use a shovel:--_pr.p._ shov'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shov'elled.--_ns._ SHOV'EL-BOARD, SHOVE'-GROAT, SHUFF'LE-BOARD, a game in which a piece of money or metal is driven with the hand toward a mark on a board: the board used in the game; SHOV'ELFUL, as much as a shovel will hold:--_pl._ SHOV'ELFULS; SHOV'EL-HAT, a hat with a broad brim, turned up at the sides, and projecting in front--affected by Anglican clergy; SHOV'EL-HEAD, the bonnet-headed shark: the shovel-headed sturgeon; SHOV'ELLER, one who shovels: a genus of ducks, with mandibles very broad at the end; SHOV'EL-NOSE, a sturgeon with broad, depressed, shovel-shaped snout. [A.S. _scofl_, from _scúfan_, to shove; Ger. _schaufel_.]

SHOW, sh[=o], _v.t._ to present to view: to enable to perceive or know: to inform: to teach: to guide: to prove: to explain: to bestow.--_v.i._ to appear, come into sight: to look:--_pa.p._ sh[=o]wn or sh[=o]wed.--_n._ act of showing: display: a sight or spectacle: parade: appearance: plausibility, pretence: a sign, indication.--_ns._ SHOW'-BILL, a bill for showing or advertising the price, merits, &c. of goods; SHOW'-BOX, a showman's box out of which he takes his materials; SHOW'BREAD, among the Jews, the twelve loaves of bread shown or presented before Jehovah in the sanctuary; SHOW'-CARD, a placard with an announcement: a card of patterns; SHOW'-CASE, a case with glass sides in which articles are exhibited in a museum, &c.; SHOW'-END, that end of a piece of cloth which is on the outside of the roll for exhibition to customers; SHOW'ER; SHOW'ING, appearance: a setting forth, representation; SHOW'MAN, one who exhibits shows; SHOW'-PLACE, a place for exhibition: a gymnasium: (_Shak._) a place where shows are exhibited; SHOW'-ROOM, a room where a show is exhibited: a room in a warehouse, &c., where goods are displayed to the best advantage, a room in a commercial hotel where travellers' samples are exhibited.--SHOW A LEG (_vul_.), to get out of bed; SHOW FIGHT, to show a readiness to resist; SHOW FORTH, to give out, proclaim; SHOW OFF, to display ostentatiously; SHOW OF HANDS, a raising of hands at a meeting to show approval of any proposal; SHOW ONE'S HAND (see HAND); SHOW ONE THE DOOR, to dismiss a person from one's house or presence; SHOW UP, to expose to blame or ridicule. [A.S. _scéawian_; Dut. _schouwen_, Ger. _schauen_, to behold.]

SHOWER, show'[.e]r, _n._ a fall of rain or hail, of short duration: a copious and rapid fall: a liberal supply of anything.--_v.t._ to wet with rain: to bestow liberally.--_v.i._ to rain in showers.--_ns._ SHOW'ER-BATH, a bath in which water is showered upon one from above: the apparatus for giving a bath by showering water on the person; SHOW'ERINESS, the state of being showery.--_adjs._ SHOW'ERLESS, without showers; SHOW'ERY, abounding with showers. [A.S. _scúr_; Ice. _skúr_, Ger. _schauer_.]

SHOWY, sh[=o]'i, _adj._ making a show: cutting a dash: ostentatious: gay.--_adv._ SHOW'ILY.--_n._ SHOW'INESS.

SHRAB, shrab, _n._ sherbet, liquor generally, spirits. [Hind. _shar[=a]b_, wine.]

SHRANK, shrangk, _pa.t._ of _shrink_.

SHRAPNEL, shrap'nel, _n._ a shell filled with musket-balls--from General _Shrapnel_ (died 1842).

SHRED, shred, _n._ a long, narrow piece cut or torn off: a strip, fragment, particle.--_v.t._ to cut or tear into shreds.--_n._ SHRED'DING, the act of cutting into shreds: a shred.--_adjs._ SHRED'DY, consisting of shreds, ragged; SHRED'LESS.--_n._ SHRED'-PIE, mince-pie. [A.S. _screáde_; Ger. _schrot_, Scot. _screed_.]

SHREW, shr[=oo], _n._ a brawling, troublesome woman: a scold: a family of insectivorous mammals closely resembling, in general form and appearance, the true mice and dormice--the head long, muzzle long and pointed.--_adj._ SHREWD, of an acute judgment: biting, keen: sly, malicious, wicked, cunning, vixenish.--_adv._ SHREWD'LY.--_n._ SHREWD'NESS.--_adj._ SHREW'ISH, having the qualities of a shrew: peevish and troublesome: clamorous.--_adv._ SHREW'ISHLY.--_ns._ SHREW'ISHNESS; SHREW'-MOLE, a genus of insectivorous mammals of the family _Talpidæ_, very closely allied to the moles.--_adj._ SHREW'-STRUCK, poisoned or blasted by a shrew. [A.S. _screáwa_, a shrew-mouse, its bite having been supposed venomous; cf. Ger. _scher-maus_, a mole.]

SHRIEK, shr[=e]k, _v.i._ to utter a shriek: to scream.--_v.t._ to utter shriekingly.--_n._ the shrill outcry caused by terror or anguish--(_Spens._) SCHRIECH, SHRIGHT, SHRIKE.--_ns._ SHRIEK'ER; SHRIEK'-OWL (same as SCREECH-OWL). [_Screech_.]

SHRIEVE, shr[=e]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) same as SHRIVE.--_n._ SHRIEV'ALTY (same as SHERIFFALTY).

SHRIFT, shrift, _n._ a confession made to a priest: absolution--esp. of a dying man. [A.S. _scrift_--_scrífan_, to shrive.]

SHRIKE, shr[=i]k, _n._ a genus of passerine birds which prey on insects and small birds, impaling its prey on thorns--hence called the _Butcher-bird_. [Ice. _skríkja_; cf. _Shriek_.]

SHRILL, shril, _adj._ piercing: sharp: uttering an acute sound.--_adjs._ SHRILL'-GORGED (_Shak._), shrill-throated; SHRILL'ING (_Spens._), sounding shrill.--_n._ SHRILL'NESS.--_adjs._ SHRILL'-TONGUED, SHRILL'-VOICED (_Shak._), having a shrill voice; SHRILL'Y, somewhat shrill.--_adv._ SHRILL'Y. [Skeat explains M. E. _shril_ (Scotch _skirl_) as from Scand., Norw. _skryla_, _skräla_, to cry shrilly; cf. Low Ger. _schrell_.]

SHRIMP, shrimp, _n._ a genus of edible crustaceans, of the order _Decapoda_, allied to lobsters, crayfish, and prawns: a little wizened or dwarfish person.--_v.i._ to catch shrimps.--_ns._ SHRIMP'ER, one who catches shrimps; SHRIMP'ING, the act of catching shrimps; SHRIMP'-NET, a small-meshed net, on a hoop and pole, for catching shrimps. [Parallel to _shrink_; cf. Scotch _scrimpit_, pinched.]

SHRINE, shr[=i]n, _n._ a case or reliquary for relics: a sacred place: an altar: anything hallowed by its associations.--_v.t._ to enshrine.--_adj._ SHR[=I]'NAL. [A.S. _scrín_--L. _scrinium_--_scrib[)e]re_, to write.]

SHRINK, shringk, _v.i._ to contract: to wither: to occupy less space: to become wrinkled by contraction: to recoil, as from fear, disgust, &c.--_v.t._ to cause to shrink or contract: to withdraw:--_pa.t._ shrank, shrunk; _pa.p._ shrunk.--_n._ act of shrinking: contraction: withdrawal or recoil.--_adj._ SHRINK'ABLE.--_ns._ SHRINK'AGE, a contraction into a less compass: the extent of the reduction of anything in bulk by shrinking, evaporation, &c.; SHRINK'ER.--_adv._ SHRINK'INGLY, in a shrinking manner: by shrinking. [A.S. _scrincan_; akin to Ger. _schränken_, to place obliquely.]

SHRIVE, shr[=i]v, _v.t._ to hear a confession from and give absolution to.--_v.i._ to receive confession: to make such:--_pa.t._ shr[=o]ve or shr[=i]ved; _pa.p._ shriv'en.--_ns._ SHR[=I]'VER, one who shrives: a confessor; SHR[=I]'VING (_Spens._), shift, confession; SHR[=I]VING-TIME (_Shak._), time for confession. [A.S. _scrífan_, to write, to prescribe penance--L. _scrib[)e]re_.]

SHRIVEL, shriv'l, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to contract into wrinkles: to blight:--_pr.p._ shriv'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shriv'elled. [Perh. conn. with Old Northumbrian _screpa_, to become dry; cf. Norw. _skrypa_, to waste.]

SHROFF, shrof, _n._ a banker or money-changer in India.--_v.t._ to inspect the quality of coins.--_n._ SHROFF'AGE, such examination. [Hind. _sarr[=a]f_--Ar. _sarr[=a]f_.]

SHROUD, shrowd, _n._ the dress of the dead, a winding-sheet: that which clothes or covers: any underground hole, a vault, burrow, &c.: (_pl._) a set of ropes from the mast-heads to a ship's sides, to support the masts.--_v.t._ to enclose in a shroud: to cover: to hide: to shelter.--_v.i._ to take shelter.--_adjs._ SHROUD'LESS, without a shroud; SHROUD'Y, giving shelter. [A.S. _scrúd_; Ice. _skrúdh_, clothing.]

SHROUD, shrowd, _v.t._ (_prov._) to lop the branches from, as a tree.--_n._ a cutting, a bough or branch, the foliage of a tree. [A variant of _shred_.]

SHROVE-TIDE, shr[=o]v'-t[=i]d, _n._ the name given to the days immediately preceding Ash-Wednesday, preparatory to Lent--given up to football, cock-fighting, bull-baiting, &c.--_ns._ SHROVE'-CAKE, a pancake for SHROVE-TIDE; SHROVE'-TUES'DAY, the day before Ash-Wednesday. [A.S. _scrífan_, to shrive.]

SHROW, shr[=o], _n._ (_Shak._). Same as SHREW.

SHRUB, shrub, _n._ a woody plant with several stems from the same root: a bush or dwarf tree.--_v.t._ (_prov._) to win all a man's money at play.--_adj._ SHRUB'BERIED, abounding in shrubbery.--_ns._ SHRUB'BERY, a plantation of shrubs; SHRUB'BINESS, the state or quality of being shrubby.--_adjs._ SHRUB'BY, full of shrubs: like a shrub: consisting of shrubs; SHRUB'LESS. [A.S. _scrob_; prov. Eng. _shruff_, light rubbish wood.]

SHRUB, shrub, _n._ a drink prepared from the juice of lemons, currants, raspberries, with spirits, as rum. [A variant of _shrab_.]

SHRUFF, shruf, _n._ (_prov._) refuse wood. [_Shrub_.]

SHRUG, shrug, _v.t._ to draw up: to contract.--_v.i._ to draw up the shoulders, expressive of doubt, surprise, indifference, &c.:--_pr.p._ shrug'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shrugged.--_n._ an expressive drawing up of the shoulders. [Scand., Dan. _skrugge_, to stoop.]

SHRUNK, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of shrink.

SHUCK, shuk, _n._ a husk, shell, or pod.--_v.t._ to remove such, to strip off.--_ns._ SHUCK'ER, one who shucks; SHUCK'ING, the act of taking off the shuck: a shucking-bee.--_interj._ SHUCKS (_slang_), expressive of contempt or disappointment.

SHUDDER, shud'[.e]r, _v.i._ to tremble from fear or horror.--_n._ a trembling from fear or horror.--_adj._ SHUDD'ERING, trembling, tremulous.--_adv._ SHUDD'ERINGLY. [Cf. Old Dut. _schudden_; Ger. _schaudern_, to shudder.]

SHUFFLE, shuf'l, _v.t._ to change the positions of: to confuse: to remove or introduce by purposed confusion.--_v.i._ to change the order of cards in a pack: to shift ground: to evade fair questions: to move by shoving the feet along.--_n._ act of shuffling: an evasion or artifice.--_n._ SHUFF'LER.--_p.adj._ SHUFF'LING, evasive, as an excuse.--_adv._ SHUFF'LINGLY, in a shuffling manner: with an irregular gait: evasively.--TO SHUFFLE OFF, to thrust aside, put off. [A by-form of _scuffle_, thus conn. with _shove_ and _shovel_.]

SHUG, shug, _v.i._ (_prov._) to crawl, to shrug.

SHUN, shun, _v.t._ to avoid: to keep clear of: to neglect:--_pr.p._ shun'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shunned.--_adj._ SHUN'LESS (_Shak._), not able to be shunned: unavoidable.--_ns._ SHUN'NER; SHUN'PIKE, a byroad. [A.S. _scunian_; Ice. _skunda_, to speed.]

SHUNT, shunt, _v.t._ to turn aside, to turn off upon a side-rail: to shove off, free one's self from.--_v.i._ to turn aside: to use a switch or shunt in railways and electrics.--_n._ a short side-rail for allowing the main-line to be kept free: (_electr._) a conductor joining two points of a circuit, through which a part of the current is diverted.--_ns._ SHUN'TER; SHUN'TING. [A.S. _scyndan_, to hasten. Skeat derives from Ice. _skunda_, to speed.]

SHUT, shut, _v.t._ to close, as a door: to forbid entrance into: to contract, close, or bring together the parts of: to confine: to catch in the act of shutting something.--_v.i._ to close itself: to be closed.--_pr.p._ shut'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shut.--_p.adj._ made fast, closed: not resonant, dull: formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, said of consonants, as _t_, _d_, _p_: having the sound cut off sharply by a succeeding consonant, as the _i_ in _pin_, &c.: freed from (with _of_).--_ns._ SHUT'DOWN, a discontinuance of work in a factory, &c.; SHUT'TER, one who, or that which, shuts: a close cover for a window or aperture: (_phot._) a device for opening and closing a lens.--_v.t._ to cover with shutters.--_n._ SHUT'TER-DAM, a form of movable dam having large gates opened and closed by a turbine.--SHUT DOWN, to stop working; SHUT IN, to enclose, to confine: to settle down, or fall (said, e.g., of evening); SHUT OFF, to exclude; SHUT OUT, to prevent from entering; SHUT UP, to close, to confine: (_coll._) to cease speaking, to make one do so, to make it impossible to answer. [A.S. _scyttan_, to bar--_sceótan_, to shoot.]

SHUTTLE, shut'l, _n._ an instrument used for shooting the thread of the woof between the threads of the warp in weaving.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to move to and fro, like a shuttle.--_n._ SHUTT'LECOCK, a rounded cork stuck with feathers, driven with a battledore: the game itself.--_adv._ SHUTT'LEWISE, in the manner of a shuttle.--_adj._ SHUTT'LE-WIT'TED, flighty. [From base of A.S. _sceótan_, shoot; Dan. and Sw. _skyttel_.]

SHWANPAN, shwän'pan, _n._ the Chinese abacus or reckoning board.--Also SWAN'PAN.

SHY, sh[=i], _adj._ timid: reserved: cautious: suspicious: elusive, hard to find.--_v.i._ to start aside, as a horse from fear.--_v.t._ to avoid:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ sh[=i]ed.--_n._ a sudden swerving aside.--_advs._ SHY'LY, SHI'LY.--_ns._ SHY'NESS, SH[=I]'NESS (_obs._); SHY'STER, a tricky lawyer.--FIGHT SHY OF (see FIGHT); LOOK SHY AT, or on, to regard with distrust. [A.S. _sceóh_; Ger. _scheu_, Dan. _sky_.]

SHY, sh[=i], _v.t._ to fling, throw, toss.--_v.i._ to jerk.--_n._ a throw, a fling: a gibe, sneer: a trial.

SI, s[=e], _n._ the syllable used for the seventh tone of the scale, or the leading tone.

SIALOGOGUE, s[=i]-al'o-gog, _n._ a drug which increases the secretion of saliva--also SIAL'AGOGUE.--_adjs._ SIALOGOG'IC (-goj'-); S[=I]'ALOID.--_n._ SIALORRH[=E]'A, excessive flow of saliva. [Gr. _sialon_, saliva, _ag[=o]gos_, leading--_agein_, to lead.]

SIAMANG, s[=e]'a-mang, _n._ the largest of the gibbons, found in Sumatra and Malacca. [Malay.]

SIAMESE, s[=i]-am-[=e]z', _adj._ pertaining or belonging to _Siam_, a country of Asia.--_n._ a native of Siam.--SIAMESE TWINS, two famous Siamese men (1811-74), joined from their birth by a cartilaginous band.

SIB, SIBBE, sib, _adj._ (_Spens._) related by blood, akin.--_n._ a blood relation: a close ally. [A.S. _sibb_, relationship; Gr. _sippe_.]

SIBERIAN, s[=i]-b[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Siberia_, a country of Asia.--_n._ a native of Siberia.--_n._ SIB[=E]'RITE, rubellite from Siberia.

SIBILANCE, sib'i-lans, _n._ a hissing sound--also SIB'ILANCY.--_adj._ SIB'ILANT, making a hissing sound.--_n._ a sibilant letter, as _s_ and _z_.--_v.t._ SIB'IL[=A]TE, to pronounce with a hissing sound.--_n._ SIBIL[=A]'TION, a hissing sound.--_adjs._ SIB'ILATORY, SIB'ILOUS, hissing, sibilant. [L. _sibil[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to hiss.]