Chapter XV: Part 15

=Jinn=, plu. of =Jinnee=, a sort of fairy in Arabian mythology, the offspring of fire. The jinn propagate their species like human beings, and are governed by kings called suleymans. Their chief abode is the mountain Kâf, and they appear to men under the forms of serpents, dogs, cats, etc., which become invisible at pleasure. Evil jinn are hideously ugly, but good jinn are exquisitely beautiful.

⁂ Jinnistan means the country of the jinn. The connection of Solomon with the jinn is a mere blunder, arising from the similarity of suleyman and Solomon.

=J.J.=, in Hogarth’s “Gin Lane,” written on a gibbet, is Sir Joseph Jekyll, obnoxious for his bill for increasing the duty on gin.

⁂ Jean Jacques [Rousseau] was often referred to by these initials in the eighteenth century.

=Jo=, a poor little outcast, living in one of the back slums of London, called “Tom All-alone.” The little human waif is hounded about from place to place, till he dies of want.—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Jo March=. The author-sister of _Little Women_, by Louisa M. Alcott. Jo has much originality and more prankishness, writes blood-and-thunder stories because they pay, and ceases to write them when they pay best, because her conscience has awakened. Supposed to be drawn as the author’s own character.—Louisa M. Alcott, _Little Women_ (1867).

=Joan=. Cromwell’s wife was always called Joan by the cavaliers, although her real name was Elizabeth.

_Joan_, princess of France, affianced to the duke of Orleans.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Joan of Arc=, surnamed _La Pucelle_, born in a village upon the marches of Barre, called Domremy, near Vaucouleurs. Her father was James of Arc, and her mother Isabel, poor country-folk, who brought up their children to keep their cattle. Joan professed to be inspired to liberate France from the English, and actually raised the siege of Orleans, after which Charles II. was crowned (1402-1431).

A young wench of an eighteene years old; of favor was she counted likesome, of person stronglie made and manlie, of courage great, hardie and stout, withall ... she had great semblance of chastitie both of body and behavor.—Holinshed, _Chronicles_, 600 (1577).

... there was no bloom of youth
Upon her cheek; yet had the loveliest hues
Of health, with lesser fascination, fixed
The gazer’s eye; for wan the maiden was,
Of saintly paleness, and there seemed to dwell,
In the strong beauties of her countenance,
Something that was not earthly.
Southey, _Joan of Arc_ (1795).

⁂ Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, _Jungfrau von Orleans_ (1801); Soumet another, _Jeanne d’Arc_ (1825). Besides Southey’s epic, we have one by François Cazaneaux; another by Chapelain, called _La Pucelle_ (1656), on which he labored for thirty years. Casimir Delavigne has an admirable elegy on _The Maid_ (1816), and Voltaire a burlesque. Shakespeare introduces her in the First Part of Henry VI.

=Joanna=, the “deserted daughter” of Mr. Mordent. Her father abandoned her in order to marry Lady Anne, and his money-broker placed her under the charge of Mrs. Enfield, who kept a house of intrigue. Cheveril fell in love with Joanna, and described her as having “blue eyes, auburn hair, aquiline nose, ivory teeth, carnation lips, a ravishing mouth, enchanting neck, a form divine, and the face of an angel.”—Holcroft, _The Deserted Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_).

=Job and Elspat=, father and mother of Sergeant Houghton.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Job’s Wife=. Some call her Rahmat, daughter of Ephraim, son of Joseph; and others call her Makhir, daughter of Manasses.—Sale, _Korân_, xxi. note.

=Joblillies= (_The_), the small gentry of a village, the squire being the Grand Panjandrum.

There were present the Picninnies and the Joblillies and the Garyulies, and the Grand Panjandrum himself.—S. Foote, _The Quarterly Review_, xcv. 516-7.

=Jobling=, medical officer to the “Anglo-Bengalee Company.” Mr. Jobling was a portentous and most carefully dressed gentleman, fond of a good dinner, and said by all to be “full of anecdote.” He was far too shrewd to be concerned with the Anglo-Bengalee bubble company, except as a paid functionary.—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Jobson= (_Joseph_), clerk to Squire Inglewood, the magistrate.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_Jobson_ (_Zekel_), a very masterful cobbler, who ruled his wife with a rod of iron.

_Neil Jobson_, wife of Zekel, a patient, meek, sweet-tempered woman.—C. Coffey, _The Devil to Pay_ (died, 1745).

=Jocelyn= (_Martin_). Man who yields gradually to the opium-habit, beggars his family, and blasts his reputation by it. Once and again he reforms for a few months, then relapses, and finally blows out his brains in a paroxysm of despairing remorse.—Edward Payson Roe, _Without a Home_ (1881).

=Jock o’ Dawston Cleugh=, the quarrelsome neighbor of Dandie Dinmont, of Charlie’s Hope.

_Jock Jabos_, postilion to Mrs. M’Candlish, the landlady of the Golden Arms inn, Kippletringan.

_Slounging Jock_, one of the men of M’Guffog, the jailer.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Jock o’ Hazeldean=, the young man beloved by a “ladye fair.” The lady’s father wanted her to marry Frank, “the chief of Errington and laird of Langley Dale,” rich, brave and gallant; but “aye she let the tears down fa’ for Jock of Hazeldean.” At last the wedding morn arrived, the kirk was gaily decked, the priest and bridegroom, with dame and knight, were duly assembled; but no bride could be seen; she had crossed the border and given her hand to Jock of Hazeldean.

This ballad, by Sir W. Scott, is a modernized version of an ancient ballad entitled _Jock o’ Hazelgreen_.

=Jockey of Norfolk=, Sir John Howard, a firm adherent of Richard III. On the night before the battle of Bosworth Field, he found in his tent this warning couplet:

Jockey of Norfolk, be not too bold,
For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold.

=Jodelet=, valet of Du Croisy. In order to reform two silly girls, whose heads have been turned by novels, Du Croisy and his friend La Grange get their lackeys introduced to them, as the “Viscount of Jodelet,” and the “Marquis of Mascarille.” The girls are delighted with their “aristocratic visitors;” but when the game has gone far enough, the masters step in and unmask the trick. The two girls are taught a most useful lesson, but are saved from serious ill consequences.—Molière, _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659).

=Joe=. Sick boy, to whom his brother brings a bouquet he has begged for him; and tells him of the country Joe has never seen.

“Flowers in Heaven? ’M— I s’pose so;
Dunno much about it, though;
Aint as fly as what I might be
On them topics, little Joe.
* * * * *
——Don’t you have no fear.
Heaven was made fur such as you is—
Joe! what makes you look so queer?
Here! wake up! Oh, don’t look that way!
Here’s yer flowers—you dropped ’em—Joey,
Oh, my God! can Joe be dead?”
David Law Proudfit, _Poor Little Joe_ (1883).

_Joe_, “the fat boy,” page in the family of Mr. Wardle. He has an unlimited capacity for eating and sleeping.—C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).

=Joe Gargery=, a smith. He was a fair man, with curls of flaxen hair on each side of his smooth face, and with eyes of “such very undecided blue, that they seemed to have got mixed with their own whites. He was a mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish, dear fellow. A Herculês in strength, and in weakness also.” He lived in terror of his wife, but loved Pip, whom he brought up. His great word was “meantersay.” Thus: “What I meantersay, if you come a-badgering me, come out. Which I meantersay as sech, if you’re a man, come on. Which I meantersay that what I say I meantersay and stand to it” (ch. xviii.). His first wife was a shrew; but soon after her death he married Biddy, a young woman wholly suited to him.

_Mrs. Joe Gargery_, the smith’s first wife; a “rampageous woman,” always “on the ram-page.” By no means good-looking was Mrs. Joe, with her black hair and fierce eyes, and prevailing redness of skin, looking as if “she scrubbed herself with a nutmeg-grater instead of soap and flannel.” She “was tall and bony, and wore a coarse apron fastened over her figure behind with two loops, and having a square bib in front, stuck full of needles and pins.” She brought up Pip, but made his home as wretched as she could, always keeping a rod called “Tickler” ready for immediate use. Mrs. Joe was a very clean woman, and cleanliness is next to godliness; but Mrs. Joe had the art of making her cleanliness as disagreeable to every one as many people do their godliness. She died after a long illness.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=John=, a proverbially unhappy name for royalty.—See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_, 461.

We shall see, however, that this poor king [_Robert II._] remained as unfortunate as if his name had still been John [_He changed it from John to Robert_].—Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 17.

_John_, a Franciscan friar.—Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).

_John_, the bastard brother of Don Pedro.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).

_John_, the driver of the Queen’s Ferry diligence.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

_John Andruss_. Clever fellow, but weak in principles, who becomes once and again a tool in the hands of designing men and silly women, rallying after each fall, to attempt a better life. Drowned at last in rescuing a fellow-bather from the surf, the bather being the “Anna” of his early idolatry, now the fat, ruddy wife of another man.—Rebecca Harding Davis, _John Andruss_.

_John_ (_Don_), brother of Leonato, governor of Messina, whom he hates. In order to torment the governor, Don John tries to mar the happiness of his daughter Hero, who is about to be married to Lord Claudio. Don John tells Claudio that his _fiancée_ has promised him a rendezvous by moonlight, and if Claudio will hide in the garden, he may witness it. The villain had bribed the waiting-woman of Hero to dress up in her mistress’s clothes and to give him this interview. Claudio believes the woman to be Hero, and when the bride appears at the altar next morning, he rejects her with scorn. The truth, however, comes to light; Don John takes himself to flight; and Hero is married to Lord Claudio, the man of her choice.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).

I have seen the great Henderson [1747-1785].... His “Don John” is a comic “Cato,” and his “Hamlet” a mixture of tragedy, comedy, pastoral, farce, and nonsense.—David Garrick 1775.

_John_ (_Friar_), a tall, lean, wide-mouthed, long-nosed friar of Seville, who despatched his matins and vigils quicker than any of his fraternity. He swore like a trooper, and fought like a Trojan. When the army from Lernê pillaged the convent vineyard, Friar John seized the staff of a cross and pummelled the rogues without mercy, beating out brains, smashing limbs, cracking ribs, gashing faces, breaking jaws, dislocating joints, in the most approved Christian fashion, and never was corn so mauled by the flail as were these pillagers by “the baton of the cross.”—Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 27 (1533).

⁂ Of course, this is a satire of what are called Christian or religious wars.

_John Humphreys_. Pious and priggish hero of _The Wide, Wide World_. He is the brother of _Alice Humphreys_, the adopted sister of _Ellen Montgomery_, the little heroine of the story. He trains and molds Ellen from childhood, and finally marries her.—Susan Warner, _The Wide, Wide World_ (1851).

_John_ (_King_), a tragedy by Shakespeare (1508). This drama is founded on _The First and Second Parts of the Troublesome Raigne of John, King of England, etc. As they were sundry times publickly acted by the Queenes Majesties players in the Honourable Citie of London_ (1591).

In “Macbeth,” “Hamlet,” “Wolsey,” “Coriolanus,” and “King John,” he [_Edmund Kean_, 1787-1833] never approached within any measurable distance of the learned, philosophical, and majestic Kemble.—_Quarterly Review_ (1835).

W.C. Macready [1793-1873], in the scene where he suggests to “Hubert” the murder of “Arthur,” was masterly, and his representation of death by poison, was true, forcible, and terrific.—Talfourd.

⁂ _Kynge Johan_, a drama of the transition state between the moralities and tragedy. Of the historical persons introduced, we have King John, Pope Innocent, Cardinal Pandulphus, Stephen Langton, etc.; and of allegorical personages, we have Widowed Britannia, Imperial Majesty, Nobility, Clergy, Civil Order, Treason, Verity, and Sedition. This play was published in 1838 by the Camden Society, under the care of Mr. Collier (about 1550).

_John_ (_Little_), one of the companions of Robin Hood.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_John_ (_Prester_). According to Mandeville, Prester John was a lineal descendant of Ogier, the Dane. This Ogier penetrated into the north of India, with fifteen barons of his own country, among whom he divided the land. John was made sovereign of Teneduc, and was called _Prester_, because he converted the natives.

Another tradition says he had seventy kings for his vassals, and was seen by his subjects only three times a year.

Marco Polo says that Prester John was the Khan Ung, who was slain in battle by Jenghiz Khan, in 1202. He was converted by the Nestorians, and his baptismal name was John. Gregory Bar-Hebræus says that God forsook him because he had taken to himself a wife of the Zinish nation, called Quarakhata.

Otto, of Freisingen, is the first author who makes mention of Prester John. His chronicle is brought down to the year 1156, and in it we are assured that this most mysterious personage was of the family of the Magi, and ruled over the country of these Wise Men. “He used” (according to Otto) “a sceptre made of emeralds.”

Bishop Jordānus, in his description of the world, sets down Abyssinia as the kingdom of Prester John. At one time Abyssinia went by the name of Middle India.

Maimonidês mentions Prester John, and calls him Preste-Cuan. The date of Maimonidês is 1135-1204.

⁂ Before 1241 a letter was addressed by Prester John to Manuel Comne´nus, emperor of Constantinople. It is to be found in the _Chronicle_ of Albericus Trium Fontium, who gives the date as 1165.

In Ariosto’s _Orlando Furioso_, xvii., Prester John is called Sena´pus, king of Ethiopia. He was blind. Though the richest monarch of the world, he pined “in plenty with endless famine,” because harpies carried off his food whenever the table was spread; but this plague was to cease “when a stranger came to his kingdom on a flying horse.” Astolpho came on a flying griffin, and with his magic horn chased the harpies into Cocy´tus.

_John_ (_Prince_), son of Henry II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Betrothed_ (1825).

_John_ (_Prince_), brother of Richard I., introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Talisman_ (1825).

=John and the abbot of Canterbury=. King John, being jealous of the state kept by the abbot of Canterbury, declared he should be put to death unless he answered these three questions: (1) “How much am I worth? (2) How long would it take me to ride round the world? (3) What are my thoughts?” The king gave the abbot three weeks for his answers. A shepherd undertook to disguise himself as the abbot, and to answer the questions. To the first he said, “The king’s worth is twenty-nine pence, for the Saviour Himself was sold for thirty pence, and his majesty is mayhap a penny worse than He.” To the second question he answered, “If you rise with the sun and ride with the sun, you will get round the world in twenty-four hours.” To the third question he replied, “Your majesty thinks me to be the abbot, but I am only his servant.”—Percy, _Reliques_, II. iii. 6.

=John Blunt=, a person who prides himself on his brusqueness, and in speaking unpleasant truths in the rudest manner possible. He not only calls a spade a spade, but he does it in an offensive tone and manner.

=John Bull=, the national name for an Englishman, (See BULL).

=John Chinaman=, a Chinese.

=John Company=, the old East India Company.

In old times, John Company employed nearly 4000 men in warehouses.—_Old and New London_, ii (185).

=John Grueby=, the honest, faithful servant of Lord George Gordon, who wished “the blessed old creatur, named Bloody Mary, had never been born.” He had the habit of looking “a long way off.” John loved his master, but hated his religious craze.

“Between Bloody Marys, and blue cockades, and glorious Queen Besses, and no poperys, and Protestant associations,” said Grueby to himself, “I believe my lord’s half off his head.”—Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_, xxxvi.

=John of Bruges=, (1 _syl._) John Van Eyck, the Flemish painter (1370-1441).

=John o’ Groat=, a Dutchman, who settled in the most northerly part of Scotland, in the reign of James IV. He is immortalized by the way he settled an open dispute among his nine sons respecting precedency. He had nine doors made to his cottage, one for each son, and they sat at a round table.

_From John o’ Groat’s house to the Land’s End_, from furthest north to furthest south of the island, _i. e._ through its entire length.

=John of Hexham=, Johannes Hagustaldensis, a chronicler (twelfth century).

=John of Leyden=, John Bockhold _or_ Boccold, a fanatic (1510-1536).

In the opera he is called “the prophet.” Being about to marry Bertha, three anabaptists meet him, and observe in him a strong likeness to a picture of David in Munster Cathedral. Having induced him to join the rebels, they take Munster, and crown him “Ruler of Westphalia.” His mother meets him while he is going in procession, but he disowns her; subsequently, however, he visits her in prison, and is forgiven. When the emperor arrives the anabaptists fall off, and John, setting fire to the banquet-room of the palace, perishes with his mother in the flames.—Meyerbeer, _Le Prophète_ (1849).

=John with the Leaden Sword=. The duke of Bedford, who acted as regent for Henry VI. in France, was so called by Earl Douglas (surnamed _Tine-man_).

=Johnny=, the infant son of Mrs. Betty Higden’s “daughter’s daughter.” Mrs. Boffin wished to adopt the child, and to call him John Harmon, but it died. During its illness, Bella Wilfer went to see it, and the child murmured, “Who is the boofer lady?” The sick child was placed in the Children’s Hospital, and, just at the moment of death, gave his toys to a little boy with a broken leg in an adjoining bed, and sent “a kiss to the boofer lady.”—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Johnny Crapaud=. A Frenchman was so called by English sailors in the time of Napoleon I. The Flemings called the French “Crapaud Franchos.” The allusion is to the toads borne in the ancient arms of France.

=John Ridd=, herculean hero of Exmoor, and lover of _Lorna Doone_. By various exploits, he achieves knighthood, and marries Lorna.—R. D. Blackmore, _Lorna Doone_.

=Johnson= (_Dr. Samuel_), lexicographer, essayist, and poet (1709-1784).

I own I like not Johnson’s turgid style,
That gives an inch th’ importance of a mile:
Casts of manure a wagon-load around,
To raise a simple daisy from the ground;
Uplifts the club of Hercules—for what?
To crush a butterfly or brain a gnat;
Creates a whirlwind from the earth, to draw
A goose’s feather or exalt a straw;
Bids ocean labor with tremendous roar,
To heave a cockle-shell upon the shore.
Alike in every theme his pompous art,
Heaven’s awful thunder or a rumbling cart.
Peter Pindar [Dr. John Wolcot] (1816).

=Johnstone= (_Auld Willie_), an old fisherman, father to Peggy, the laundry-maid at Woodburne.

_Young Johnstone_, his son.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Joliffe= (2 _syl._), footman to Lady Penfeather.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

_Joliffe_ (_Joceline_), under-keeper of Woodstock Forest.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Joliquet= (_Bibo_), the _garçon_ of the White Lion Inn, held by Jerome Lesurgues (2 _syl._).—Edward Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).

=Jollup= (_Sir Jacob_), father of Mrs. Jerry Sneak and Mrs. Bruin. Jollup is the vulgar, pomposo landlord of Garratt, who insists on being always addressed as “Sir Jacob.”

=Jolter=. In the agony of terror, on hearing the direction given to put on the headlights in a storm off Calais, Smollett tells us that Jolter went through the steps of a mathematical proposition with great fervor instead of a prayer.

=Jonas=, the name given in _Absalom and Achitophel_, to Sir William Jones, judge of the Irish Court of Common Pleas under James I. It is a pun on the name.—Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681).

_Jonas_, “smart,” capable and somewhat priggish factotum of the Holliday family. _Sui generis_ as regards learning, when one reflects that he entered his employer’s service as a tramp. Equally remarkable as to virtue. Rollo’s mentor; a New England _Harry Sandford_.—Jacob Abbott, _The Rollo Books_.

=Jonathan=, a sleek old widower. He was a parish orphan, whom Sir Benjamin Dove apprenticed, and then took into his family. When Jonathan married, the knight gave him a farm, rent-free and well stocked. On the death of his wife, he gave up the farm, and entered the knight’s service as butler. Under the evil influence of Lady Dove, this old servant was inclined to neglect his kind master; but Sir Benjamin soon showed him that, although the lady was allowed to peck him, the servants were not.—R. Cumberland, _The Brothers_ (1769).

_Jonathan_, one of the servants of General Harrison.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Jonathan_, an attendant on Lord Saville.—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

_Jonathan_ (_Brother_), a national nickname for an American of the United States. In the Revolutionary war, Washington used to consult his friend, Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, in all his difficulties. “We must ask brother Jonathan,” was so often on his lips, that the phrase became synonymous with the good genius of the States, and was subsequently applied to the North Americans generally.

=Jones= (_Tom_), the hero of a novel by Fielding, called _The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1749). Tom Jones is a model of generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mingled with thoughtless dissipation. With all this, he is not to be admired; his reputation is flawed, he sponges for a guinea, he cannot pay his landlady, and he lets out his honor to hire.

_Jones_ (_Mrs._), the waiting-woman of Lady Penfeather.—Sir. W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Jonson= (_Ben_), the poet, introduced by Sir Walter Scott in his _Woodstock_. Shakespeare is introduced in the same novel.

=Jopson= (_Jacob_), farmer at the village near Clifton.

_Cicely Jopson_, Jacob’s daughter. She marries Ned Williams.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Jordan= (_Mrs._), the actress, who lived with the duke of Clarence, was Miss Dorothea Bland. She called herself Dora, first appeared in York as Miss Francis, and changed her name at the request of an aunt who left her a little property. When the change of name was debated between her and the manager, Tate suggested “Mrs. Jordan,” and gave this very pertinent reason:

“You have crossed the water,” said Tate, “so I’ll call you ‘Jordan.’”

=Jorkins=, the partner of Mr. Spenlow, in Doctor’s Commons. Mr. Jorkins is really a retiring, soft-hearted man, but to clients he is referred to by Spenlow as the stern martinet, whose consent will be most difficult to obtain.—C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

=Jorworth-ap-Jevan=, envoy of Gwenwyn, prince of Powys-land.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Josaphat=, a young Indian prince, of whom it had been predicted that he would embrace Christianity and become a devotee. His father tried to seclude him from all knowledge of misery and evil, and to attach him only to pleasurable pursuits. At length the young prince took three drives, in one of which he saw Old Age, in another sickness, and in the third Death. This had such an effect upon him that he became a hermit, and at death was canonized both by the Eastern and Western Churches.—Johannes Damascenus, _Balaam and Josaphat_ (eight century).

=Josceline= (_Sir_), an English knight and crusader in the army of Richard I.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=José= (_Don_), father of Don Juan, and husband of Donna Inez. He was henpecked and worried to death by his wife’s “proprieties.” To the world they were “models of respectability,” but at home they were “cat and dog.” Donna Inez tried to prove him mad, in order to obtain a divorce, and “kept a journal where all his faults were noted.” “She witnessed his agonies with great magnanimity;” but, while seeking a divorce, Don José died.—Byron _Don Juan_, i. 26, 33 (1819).

=Joseph=, the old gardener at Shaw’s Castle.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

_Joseph_, a Jew of the noblest type; with unbounded benevolence and most excellent charity. He sets a splendid example of “Christian ethics” to those who despised him for not believing the “Christian creed.” Joseph the Jew was the good friend of the Christian minister of Mariendorpt.—S. Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).

_Joseph Frowenfeld_, apothecary of German extraction, settled in Louisiana, and patronized by the Grandissimes. “As hard to move as a cow in the moonlight,” Dr. Keene says of him, “and knows just about as much of the world.” Yet Dr. Keene trusts him where simple loyality and true manliness are required, and it is a heart worth the keeping that Professor Frowenfeld gives into the care of Clotilde Nuncanou.—George W. Cable, _The Grandissimes_ (1880).

_Joseph_ (_A_), a young man not to be seduced from his continency by any temptation. The reference is to Joseph in Potiphar’s house (_Gen._ xxxix.).

_Joseph_ (_St._) of Arimathe´a, said to have brought to Glastonbury in a mystic vessel some of the blood which trickled from the wounds of Christ at the Crucifixion, and some of the wine left at the Last Supper. This vessel plays a very prominent part in the Arthurian legends.

Next holy Joseph came....
The Saviour of mankind in sepulchre that laid;
That to the Britons was th’ apostle. In his aid
St. Duvian, and with him St. Fagan, both which were
His scholars.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).

⁂ He also brought with him the spear of Longinus, the Roman soldier who pierced the side of Jesus.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 40 (1470).

=Jos´ephine= (3 _syl._), wife of Werner, and mother of Ulric. Josephine was the daughter of a decayed Italian exile of noble blood.—Byron, _Werner_ (1822).

=Jos´ian=, daughter of the king of Armenia, and wife of Sir Bevis, of Southampton. It was Josian who gave the hero his sword, “Morglay” and his steed “Arundel.”—Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).

=Josse= (1 _syl._) a jeweller. Lucinde (2 _syl._), the daughter of Sganarelle, pined and fell away, and the anxious father asked his neighbors what they would advise him to do. Mon. Josse replied:

“Pour moi, je tiens que la braverie, que l’adjustement est la chose qui réjouit le plus les filles; et si j’étoit que de vous, je lui achéterois dès aujourd’ hui une belle garniture de diamants, ou de rubis, ou d’émeraudes.”

Sgnarelle made answer:

“Vous êtes orfèvre, Monsieur Josse; et votre conseil sent son homme qui a envie de se défaire de sa marchandise.”—Molière, _L’Amour Médicin_, i. 1 (1665).

_Vous êtes orfèvre, Mon Josse_ (“You are a jeweller, Mon. Josse, and are not disinterested in your advice”). (See above).

=Jo´tham=, the person who uttered the parable of “The Trees choosing a King,” when the men of Shechem made Abimelech king. In Dryden’s _Absalom and Achitophel_, it stands for George Saville, marquis of Halifax.

Jotham, of piercing wit and pregnant thought,
Endued by nature, and by learning taught
To move assemblies ... turned the balance, too;
So much the weight of one brave man can do.
Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681).

=Jour, king of Mambrant=, the person who carried off Jos´ian, the wife of Sir Bevis, of Southampton, his sword “Morglay,” and his steed “Ar´undel.” Sir Bevis, disguised as a pilgrim, recovered all three.—Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).

=Jourdain= (_Mons._), an elderly tradesman, who has suddenly fallen into a large fortune, and wishes to educate himself up to his new position in society. He employs masters of dancing, fencing, philology, and so on; and the fun of the drama turns on the ridiculous remarks that he makes, and the awkward figure he cuts as the pupil of these professors. One remark is especially noted: he says he had been talking prose all his life, and never knew it till his professor told him.—Molière, _Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ (1870).

=Journalists=. Napoleon I. said:

A journalist is a grumbler, a censurer, a giver of advice, a regent of sovereigns, a tutor of nations. Four hostile newspapers are more formidable than a thousand bayonets.

=Jovian=, emperor of Rome, was bathing one day, when a person stole his clothes, and passed himself off as the emperor. Jovian, naked and ashamed, went to a knight, said he was emperor, and begged the loan of a few garments for the nonce; but the knight called him an impostor, and had him scourged from the gate. He next went to a duke, who was his chief minister; but the duke had him confined, and fed on bread and water as a vagrant and a madman. He then applied at the palace, but no one recognized him there. Lastly, he went to his confessor, and humbled himself, confessing his sins. The priest took him to the palace, and the sham emperor proved to be an angel sent to reform the proud monarch. The story says that Jovian thenceforth reigned with mercy and justice till he died.—_Evenings with the Old Story-tellers_.

=Joyeuse= (2 _syl._), Charlemagne’s sword, which bore the inscription: _Decem præceptorum custos Carŏlus_. It was buried with the king, as Tizo´na (the Cid’s sword) was buried with the Cid.

=Joyeuse-Garde= or =Garde-Joyeuse=, the estate given by King Arthur to Sir Launcelot du Lac, for defending the queen’s honor against Sir Mador. Here Sir Launcelot was buried.

=Juan= (_Don_), a hero of the sixteenth century, a natural son of Charles-quint, born at Ratisbonne, in 1545. He conquered the Moors of Grana´da, won a great naval victory over the Turks at Lepanto, made himself master of Tunis, and put down the insurgents of the Netherlands (1545-1578).

This is the Don Juan of C. Delavigne’s drama entitled _Don Juan d’Autriche_ (1835).

_Juan_ (_Don_), son of Don Louis Tenorio, of Sicily, a heartless _roué_. His valet says of him:

“Tu vois en don Juan le plus grand scélérat que la terre ait jamais porté, un enragé, un chien, un démon, un Turc, un hérétique qui ne croit ni ciel, ni enfer, in diable, qui passe cette vie en véritable bête brute, un pourceau d’Epicure, un vrai Sardanapale; qui ferme l’oreille à toutes les remontrances qu’on lui peut faire, et traite de bille-vesées tout ce que nous croyons.”—Molière, _Don Juan_, i. 1 (1665).

_Juan_ (_Don_), a native of Seville, son of Don Josê and Donna Inez (a blue stocking). When Juan was 16 years old, he got into trouble with Donna Julia, and was sent by his mother (then a widow) on his travels. His adventures form the story of a poem so called; but the tale is left incomplete.—Lord Byron, _Don Juan_ (1819-21).

_Juan_ (_Don_). The hero of Richard Mansfield’s play bearing this title, is a gay youth, wild with the joys of liberty to which he is unaccustomed; saucy, audacious and winning, bent upon getting for himself all the pleasure life offers the young. He is tender, inconstant, brave, chivalric, irresponsible, and gains dignity by dying heroically (1891).

_Juan_ (_Don_), or Don Giovanni, the prince of libertines. The original of this character was Don Juan Tenorio, of Seville, who attempted the seduction of the governor’s daughter; and the father, forcing the libertine to a duel, fell. A statue of the murdered father was erected in the family vault; and one day when Don Juan forced his way into the vault, he invited the statue to a banquet. The statue accordingly placed itself at the board, to the amazement of the host, and, compelling the libertine to follow, delivered him over to devils, who carried him off triumphant.

Dramatized first by Gabriel Tellez (1626). Molière (1665) and Thomas Corneille, in _Le Festin de Pierre_, both imitated from the Spanish (1673), have made it the subject of French comedies; Goldoni (1765), of an Italian comedy; Glück, of a musical ballet (1765); Mozart, of an opera called _Don Giovanni_ (1787), a princely work.

=Juan Fernandez=, a rocky island in the Pacific Ocean, near the coast of Chili. Here Alexander Selkirk, a buccaneer, resided in solitude for four years. Defoe is supposed to have based his tale of _Robinson Crusoe_ on the history of Alexander Selkirk.

⁂ Defoe places the island of his hero “on the _east coast_ of South America,” somewhere near Dutch Guiana.

=Juba=, prince of Numidia, warmly attached to Cato while he lived at Utica (in Africa), and passionately in love with Marcia, Cato’s daughter. Sempro´nius, having disguised himself as Juba, was mistaken for the Numidian prince by Marcia; and, being slain, she gave free vent to her grief, thus betraying the state of her affection. Juba overheard her, and as it would have been mere prudery to deny her love after this display, she freely confessed it, and Juba took her as his betrothed and future wife.—J. Addison, _Cato_ (1713).

=Jubal=, son of Lamech and Adah. The inventor of the lyre and flute.—_Gen_. iv. 19-21.

Then when he [_Javan_] heard the voice of Jubal’s lyre,
Instinctive genius caught the ethereal fire.
J. Montgomery, _The World before the Flood_, i. (1812).

=Judas=, in pt. ii. of _Absalom and Architophel_, most of which was written by Tate, is meant for Mr. Furgueson, a nonconformist, who joined the duke of Monmouth, and afterwards betrayed him.

Shall that false Hebronite escape our curse—
Judas, that keeps the rebels’ pension-purse;
Judas, that pays the treason-writer’s fee;
Judas, that well deserves his namesake’s tree?
_Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).

=Judas Iscariot.= Klopstock says that Judas Iscariot had a heart formed for every virtue, and was in youth unpolluted by crime, insomuch that the Messiah thought him worthy of being one of the twelve. He, however, was jealous of John, because Jesus loved him more than He loved the rest of the apostles; and this hatred towards the beloved disciple made him hate the lover of “the beloved.” Judas also feared (says Klopstock) that John would have a higher post than himself in the kingdom, and perhaps be made treasurer. The poet tells us that Judas betrayed Jesus under the expectation that it would drive Him to establish His kingdom at once, and rouse Him into action.—Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).

=Judith Hutter.= Handsome daughter of a frontier trapper, whose ruse of arraying herself in a court-dress, heretofore kept as a curiosity, and, resplendent in brocade and laces, passing herself off as an English stranger of rank, would have effected the release of the prisoners but for her weak-witted sister’s avowal of her identity. She has been a favorite with more than one man, yet never loved until she knows _Deerslayer_. Her offer to marry him is refused gently and simply, and in shame she quits her accustomed haunts for what career we are left to conjecture.—James Fennimore Cooper, _The Deerslayer_.

_Judith._ Child-heroine of Marion Harland’s novel of that name.

_Judith_, a beautiful Jewess of Bethu´lia, who assassinated Holofernês, the general of Nebuchadnezzar, to save her native town. When Judith showed the head of the general to her countrymen, they rushed on the invading army, and put it to a complete rout.—_Judith_, one of the books of the Apocrypha.

_Judith (Aunt)_, sister to Master George Heriot, the king’s goldsmith.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Judy=, the wife of Punch. Master Punch, annoyed by the cries of the baby, gives it a knock, which kills it, and, to conceal his crime from his wife, throws the dead body out of the window. Judy comes to inquire about the child, and, hearing of its death, upbraids her lord stoutly, and tries on him the “reproof of blows.” This leads to a quarrel, in which Judy is killed. The officers of justice, coming to arrest the domestic tyrant, meet the same fate as his child and wife; but at last the devil outwits him, he is hanged, and carried off to the place of all evil-doers.

=Juel= (_Nils_), a celebrated Danish admiral, who received his training under Tromp and De Ruyter. He defeated the Swedes in 1677 in several engagements.

Nils Juel gave heed to the tempest’s roar ...
“Of Denmark’s Juel who can defy
The power?”
Longfellow, _King Christian_ [V.]

=Julet´ta=, the witty, sprightly attendant of Alinda.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Pilgrim_ (1621).

=Julia=, a lady beloved by Proteus. Her waiting-woman is Lucetta.—Shakespeare, _Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594).

_Julia_, the “ward” of Master Walter, “the hunchback.” She was brought up by him most carefully in the country, and at a marriageable age was betrothed to Sir Thomas Clifford. Being brought to London, she was carried away in the vortex of fashion, and became the votary of pleasure and dissipation, abandoned Clifford, and promised to marry the earl of Rochdale. As the wedding day drew nigh, her love for Clifford returned, and she implored her guardian to break off her promise of marriage to the earl. Walter now showed himself to be the real earl of Rochdale, and father of Julia. Her nuptials with the supposed earl fell to the ground, and she became the wife of Sir Thomas Clifford.—S. Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831).

_Julia_ (_Donna_), a lady of Sev´ille, of Moorish origin, a married woman, “charming, chaste, and twenty-three.” Her eye was large and dark, her hair glossy, her brow smooth, her cheek “all purple with the beam of youth,” her husband 50, and his name Alfonso. Donna Julia loved a lad of 16, named Don Juan, “not wisely but too well,” for which she was confined in a convent.—Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 59-188 (1819).

Tender and impassioned, but possessing neither information to occupy her mind, nor good principles to regulate her conduct, Donna Julia is an illustration of the women of Seville, “whose minds have but one idea, and whose life business is intrigue.” The slave of every impulse ... she now prostrates herself before the altar of the Virgin, making the noblest efforts “for honor, pride, religion, virtue’s sake,” and then, “in the full security of innocence,” she seeks temptation, and finds retreat impossible.—Finden, _Byron Beauties._

=Julia Dodd.= English girl in love with _Alfred Hardie_, her brother’s college mate. Alfred is abducted on the eve of their wedding-day, by order of his father, who has his own reasons for opposing the match. Julia goes to the church to meet him, and returns home unmarried. After many and curious _contretemps_ and some disasters, the young couple are re-united.—Charles Reade, _Very Hard Cash_.

=Julia Melville=, a ward of Sir Anthony Absolute; in love with Faulkland, who saved her life when she was thrown into the water by the upsetting of a boat.—Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).

=Julian= (_Count_), a powerful lord of the Spanish Goths. When his daughter Florinda was violated by King Roderick, the count was so indignant that he invited over the Moors to come and push Roderick from the throne, and even turned renegade the better to effect his purpose. The Moors succeeded, but condemned Count Julian to death, “to punish treachery, and prevent worse ill.” Julian, before he died, sent for “Father Maccabee,” and said:

“I would fain
Die in the faith wherein my fathers died.
I feel that I have sinned, and from my soul
Renounce the impostor’s faith, which in my soul
No place obtained.”
Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxiv. (1814).

_Julian_ (_St._), patron saint of hospitality. An epicure, a man of hospitality.

An householder and that a gret was he;
Seint Julian he was in his countré.
Chaucer, _Introduction to Canterbury Tales_ (1388).

=Julian St. Pierre=, the brother of Mariana (_q. v._).—S. Knowles, _The Wife_ (1833).

=Juliana=, eldest daughter of Balthazar. A proud, arrogant, overbearing “Katharine,” who marries the duke of Aranza, and intends to be lady paramount. The duke takes her to a poor hut, which he calls his home, gives her the household duties to perform, and pretends to be a day-laborer. She chafes for a time; but his manliness, affection, and firmness, get the mastery; and when he sees that she loves him for himself, he announces the fact that after all he is the duke, and she the duchess of Aranza.—J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).

=Ju´liance=, a giant.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 98 (1470).

=Julian West.= Young man, who, after a sleep of years, awakens to the new order of things depicted in _Looking Backward_.—Edward Bellamy.

=Julie= (_2 syl._), the heroine of Molière’s comedy entitled _Mons. de Pourceaugnac_ (1669).

_Julie_ (_2 syl._), the heroine of J. J. Rousseau’s novel entitled _Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse_ (1760). The prototype was the Comtesse d’Houdetot. Julie had a pale complexion, a graceful figure, a profusion of light brown hair, and her near-sightedness gave her “a charming mixture of _gaucherie_ and grace.” Rousseau went every morning to meet her, that he might receive of her that single kiss with which Frenchwomen salute a friend. One day, when Rousseau told her that she might innocently love others besides her husband, she näively replied, “Je pourrais done aimer mon pauvre St. Lambert.” Lord Byron has made her familiar to English readers.

His love was passion’s essence ...
This breathed itself to life in Julie; this
Invested her with all that’s wild and sweet;
This hallowed, too, the memorable kiss
Which every morn his fevered lip would greet
From her’s, who but with friendship his would meet.
Byron, _Childe Harold_, iii. 79 (1816).

=Julie de Mortemar=, an orphan, ward of Richelieu, and loved by King Louis XIII., Count Baradas, and Adrien de Mauprat, the last of whom she married. After many hair-breadth escapes and many a heart-ache, the king allowed the union, and blessed the happy pair.—Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).

=Ju´liet=, daughter of Lady Cap´ulet, of Verona, in love with Ro´meo, son of Montague (_3 syl._), a rival house. As the parents could not be brought to sanction the alliance, the whole intercourse was clandestine, as was their marriage. In order to prevent the threatened marriage with Count Paris, by the advice of Friar Laurence she took a sleeping draught, and was carried to the family vault. The intention was that on waking, she should elope with Romeo; but Romeo, seeing her in the vault, killed himself from grief; and when Juliet awoke and found Romeo dead, she killed herself also.—Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).

C.H. Wilson says of Mrs. Baddeley (1742-1780) that her “‘Juliet’ was never surpassed.” W. Donaldson, in his _Recollections,_ says that “Miss O’Neill made her first appearance in Covent Garden Theatre in 1815 as ‘Juliet,’ and never was such an impression made before by any actress whatsoever.” Miss Fanny Kemble and Miss Helen Faucit were both excellent in the same character. The youngest Juliet was Miss Rosa Kenney (under 18), who made her _dêbut_ in this character at Drury Lane, in 1879.

The doating fondness and silly peevishness of the nurse tends to relieve the soft and affectionate character of “Juliet,” and to place her before the audience in a point of view which those who have seen Miss O’Neill perform “Juliet,” know how to appreciate.—Sir W. Scott, _The Drama_.

_Juliet_, the lady beloved by Claudio, brother of Isabella.—Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).

=Ju´lio=, a noble gentleman, in love with Lelia, a wanton widow.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613).

=Julio of Harancour=, “the deaf and dumb” boy, ward of Darlemont, who gets possession of Julio’s inheritance and abandons him in the streets of Paris. Julio is rescued by the Abbé De l’Epée, who brings him up, and gives him the name of Theodore. Julio grows up a noble-minded and intelligent young man, is recognized by the Franval family, and Darlemont confesses that “the deaf and dumb” boy is the count of Harancour.—Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).

=Julius= (_St._) a British martyr of Caerleon or the City of Legions (_Newport_, in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by Maximia´nus Herculius, general of the army of Diocle´tian, in Britain. Two churches were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St Julius, and one in honor of St. Aaron, his fellow-martyr.

... two other ... sealed their doctrine with their blood;
St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their room.
At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian’s doom,
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv (1622).

=Jumps= (_Jemmy_), in _The Farmer_. One of the famous parts of Jos. Munden (1758-1832).

=June.=

“Under some old apple-tree
Jes’ a-restin’ through and through,
I could git along without
Nothin’ else at all to do,
Only jest a wishin’ you
Was a-gitten’ there like me,
And June was Eternity?”
James Whitcomb, _Knee-deep in June_ (1888).

_June._

“What is so rare as a day in June?
Then, if ever come perfect days;
Then Heaven tries the earth if it be in tune,
And over it softly her warm ear lays.”
James Russell Lowell, _The Vision of Sir Launfal_.

=Juno’s Birds.= Juno is represented in works of art as drawn through fields of air by a pair of peacocks harnessed to her chariot.

=Jupe= (_Signor_), clown in Sleary’s circus, passionately attached to his daughter Cecilia. Signor Jupe leaves the circus suddenly, because he is hissed, and is never heard of more.

_Cecilia Jupe_, daughter of the clown. After the mysterious disappearance of her father, she is adopted and educated by Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=Just= (_The_).

ARISTI´DES, the Athenian (died B.C. 468).

BA´HARAM, called _Shah endeb_ (“the just king”). He was the fifth of the Sassan´idês (276-296).

CASSIMIR II. of Poland (1117, 1177-1194).

FERDINAND I. of Arragon (1373, 1412-1416).

HAROUN-AL-RASCHID (“_the just_”), the greatest of the Abbasside caliphs (765, 786-808).

JAMES II. of Arragon (1261, 1285-1326).

KHOSRU or CHOSROES I., called by the Arabs _Molk al Adel_ (“the just king”). He was the twenty-first of the Sassanidês (*, 531-579).

MORAN, counsellor of Feredach, an early king of Ireland.

PEDRO I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).

=Justin´ian= (_The English_), Edward I. (1239, 1272-1307).

=Ju´venal= (_The English_), John Oldham (1653-1683.)

_Juvenal (The Young)_. [Dr.] Thomas Lodge is so called by Robert Green (1555-1625).—_A Groat’sworth of Wit, bought with a Million of Repentance_.

=Ju´venal of Painters= (_The_), William Hogarth (1697-1794).

=J’y suis et j’y reste= (“Here am I placed, and here I mean to remain”). This was said by Marshal de MacMahon, and shows the character of the marshal-president of the French better than a volume (1877). But he resigned in 1879.

=Kail=, a prince of Ad, sent to Mecca to pray for rain. Three clouds appeared, a white one, a red one, and a black one, and Kail was bidden to make his choice. He chose the last, but when the cloud burst, instead of rain it cast out lightning, which killed him.—Sale, _Al Korân_, vii. note.

=Kail´yal= (_2 syl._), the lovely and holy daughter of Ladur´lad, persecuted relentlessly by Ar´valan; but virtue and chastity, in the person of Kailyal, always triumphed over sin and lust. When Arvalan “in the flesh” attemped to dishonor Kailyal, he was slain by Ladurlad; but he then continued his attacks “out of the flesh.” Thus, when Kailyal was taken to the Bower of Bliss by a benevolent spirit, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the witch Lor´rimite (_3 syl._) to drag him thence; the dragons, however, unable to mount to paradise, landed him in a region of thick-ribbed ice. Again, Kailyal, being obliged to quit the Bower, was made the bride of Jaga-naut, and when Arvalan presented himself before her again, she set fire to the pagoda, and was carried from the flames by her father, who was charmed from fire as well as water. Lastly, while waiting for her father’s return from the submerged city, whither he had gone to release Ereen´ia (_3 syl._), Arvalan once more appeared, but was seized by Baly, the governor of hell, and cast into the bottomless pit. Having descended to hell, Kailyal quaffed the water of immortality, and was taken by Ereenia to his Bower of Bliss, to dwell with him forever in endless joy.—Southey, _Curse of Kehama_ (1809).

=Kaimes= (_Lord_), one of the two judges in Peter Peebles’s lawsuit.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Kalas´rade= (_3 syl._), the virtuous wife of Sadak, persecuted by the Sultan Am´urath. (See Sadak).—Ridley, _Tales of the Genii_, xi. (1751).

=Kaled=, Gulnare (_2 syl._), disguised as a page, in the service of Lara. After Lara is shot, she haunts the spot of his death as a crazed woman, and dies at length of a broken heart.

Light was _his_ form, and darkly delicate
That brow whereon _his_ native sun had sate ...
And the wild sparkle of _his_ eye seemed caught
From high, and lightened with electric thought;
Tho’ its black orb those long low lashes’ fringe
Had tempered with a melancholy tinge.
Byron, _Lara_ (1814).

=Kalemberg= (_The curé of_), a _recueil_ of facetiæ. The escapades of a young student made a chaplain in the Austrian court. He sets at defiance and torments every one he encounters, and ends in being court fool to Otho the Gay, grandson of Rudolf of Hapsburg.—_German Poem_ (fifteenth century).

=Kalyb=, “the Lady of the Woods,” who stole St. George from his nurse, brought him up as her own child, and endowed him with gifts. St. George enclosed her in a rock, where she was torn to pieces by spirits. Johnson.—_Seven Champions of Christendom_, i. (1617).

=Kâ´ma=, the Hindû god of love. He rides on a sparrow, the symbol of lust; holds in his hand a bow of sugar-cane strung with bees; and has five arrows, one for each of the five senses.

=Kanchen.= In _Overland through Asia_ Thomas Wallace Knox gives a thrilling story of a wolf-hunt with his host, Kanchen. Ivan, a servant, attended them, and a live pig was fastened to the back of the sledge as a bait. Instead of a single wolf a large pack was drawn by the squealing of the pig, which was cut loose and left in the road by Kanchen’s order. The race for life was interrupted by an upset that threw the servant out. Kanchen and his guest kept hold of the sledge and left him to his fate. It was the only hope of life. The master’s hair turned gray that night, and he lived ever afterward in seclusion (1870).

=Karûn=, son of Yeshar and Izhar, uncle of Moses, the most beautiful and wealthy of all the Israelites.

_Riches of Karûn_, an Arabic and Jewish proverb. The Jews say that Karûn had a large palace, the doors of which were of solid gold.—Sale, _Korân_, xxviii.

⁂ This Karûn is the Korah of the Pentateuch.

=Kate= [PLOWDEN], niece of Colonel Howard of New York, in love with Lieutenant Barnstable, of the British navy, but promised by the colonel in marriage to Captain Boroughcliff, a vulgar, conceited Yankee. Ultimately, it is discovered that Barnstable is the colonel’s son, and the marriage is arranged amicably between Barnstable and Kate.—E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_.

_Kate Lancaster._ Charming hostess of the Brandon house, a legacy from her name-aunt. She chooses her dearest girl friend for her companion, and the two go down from Boston to spend the summer in the seaside town.—Sara Orne Jewett, _Deephaven_ (1877).

=Kath´arina=, the elder daughter of Baptista, of Padua. She was of such an ungovernable spirit and fiery temper, that she was nicknamed “The Shrew.” As it was very unlikely any gentleman would select such a spitfire for his wife, Baptista made a vow that his younger daughter, Bianca, should not be allowed to marry before her sister. Petruchio married Katharina and tamed her into a most submissive wife, insomuch that when she visited her father a bet was made by Petruchio and two other bridegrooms on their three brides. First Lucentio sent a servant to Bianca to desire her to come into the room; but Bianca sent word that she was busy. Hortensio next sent the servant “to entreat” his bride to come to him; but she replied that Hortensio had better come to her if he wanted her. Petruchio said to the servant, “Tell your mistress I command her to come to me at once;” she came at once, and Petruchio won the bet.—Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

=Katharine=, a lady in attendance on the princess of France. Dumain, a young lord in the suite of Ferdinand, king of Navarre, asks her hand in marriage, and she replies:

A twelvemonth and a day
I’ll mark no words that smooth-faced wooers say.
Come then ...
And if I have much love, I’ll give you some.
Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_ (1594).

_Katharine_ (_Queen)_, the divorced wife of Henry VIII. Shakespeare, _Henry VIII._ (1601).

The following actresses are celebrated for their impersonations of this character:—Mrs. Pritchard (1711-1768); Margaret [Peg] Woffington (1718-1760); Mrs. Siddons (1755-1831); Mrs. Barley (1785-1850).

=Katharine de Medici of China=, Voochee, widow of King Tae-tsông. She was most imperious and cruel, but her energy was irresistible (684-705).

=Katin´ka=, a Georgian, “white and red, with great blue eyes, a lovely hand and arm, and feet so small they scarce seemed made to tread, but rather skim the earth.” She was one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Don Juan was admitted in female disguise. The other two were Lolah and Dudù.—Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 40, 41 (1824).