Chapter V: Part 5

=Gaudio´sa= (_Lady_), wife of Pelayo; a wise and faithful counsellor, high-minded, brave in danger, and a real helpmate.—Southey, _Roderick, Last of the Goths_ (1814).

=Gaudissart=, the droll French bagman.

=Gaul=, son of Morni of Strumon. He was betrothed to Oith´ona, daughter of Nuäth, but before the day of marriage he was called away by Fingal to attend him on an expedition against the Britons. At the same time Nuäth was at war, and sent for his son Lathmon; so Oithona was left unprotected in her home. Donrommath, lord of Uthal (or Cuthal) seized this opportunity to carry her off, and concealed her in a cave in the desert island of Trom´athon. When Gaul returned to claim his betrothed, he found she was gone, and was told by a vision in the night where she was hidden. Next day, with three followers, Gaul went to Tromathon, and the ravisher coming up, he slew him and cut off his head. Oithona, armed as a combatant, mingled with the fighters and was wounded. Gaul saw what he thought a youth dying, and went to offer assistance, but found it was Oithona, who forthwith expired. Disconsolate, he returns to Dunlathmon, and thence to Morven. Ossian, _Oithona_.

=Gaunt´grim=, the wolf, in Lord Lytton’s _Pilgrims of the Rhine_ (1834).

Bruin is always in the sulks, and Gauntgrim always in a passion.—Ch. xii.

=Gavar´ni=, the pseudonym of Sulpice Paul Chevalier, the great caricaturist of the French _Charivari_ (1803-1896).

=Gavroche= (_2 syl._), type of the Parisian street arab.—Victor Hugo, _Les Misèrables_ (1862).

=Gawain= [_Gaw´’n_], son of King Lot and Morguase (Arthur’s sister). His brothers were Agravain, Ga´heris, and Ga´reth. The traitor Mordred was his half-brother, being the adulterous offspring of Morgause and Prince Arthur. Lot was king of Orkney. Gawain was the second of the fifty knights created by King Arthur; Tor was the first, and was dubbed the same day (pt. i. 48). When the adulterous passion of Sir Launcelot for Queen Guenever came to the knowledge of the king, Sir Gawain insisted that the king’s honor should be upheld. Accordingly, King Arthur went in battle array to Benwicke (_Brittany_), the “realm of Sir Launcelot,” and proclaimed war. Here Sir Gawain fell, according to the prophecy of Merlin, “With this sword shall Launcelot slay the man that in this world he loved the best” (pt. i. 44). In this same battle the king was told that his bastard son Mordred had usurped his throne, so he hastened back with all speed, and in the great battle of the West received his mortal wound (pt. iii. 160-167).—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).

Of Arthurian knights, Gawain is called the “Courteous,” Sir Kay the “Rude and Boastful,” Mordred the “Treacherous,” Launcelot the “Chivalrous,” Galahad the “Chaste,” Mark the “Dastard,” Sir Palomides (_3 syl._) the “Saracen,” _i.e._ unbaptized, etc.

=Gawky= (_Lord_), Richard Grenville (1711-1770).

=Gaw´rey=, a flying woman, whose wings served the double purpose of flying and dress.—R. Pultock, _Peter Wilkins_ (1750).

=Gay= (_Walter_), in the firm of Dombey and Son; an honest, frank, and ingenuous youth, who loved Florence Dombey, and comforted her in her early troubles. Walter Gay was sent in the merchantman called _The Son and Heir_, as junior partner, to Barbadoes, and survived a shipwreck. After his return from Barbadoes, he married Florence.—C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

=Gayless= (_Charles_), the penniless suitor of Melissa. His valet is Sharp.—Garrick, _The Lying Valet_ (1741).

=Gaylords= (_The_). Village family in good circumstances.

_Squire Gaylord_, shrewd lawyer, with one tender place in his heart—his love for his only child.

_Mrs. Gaylord_, a calvinistic invalid, in awe of her imperious lord.

_Marcia Gaylord_, headstrong village beauty, who elopes with Bartley Hubbard, a newspaper man; goes with him to Boston; shares his capricious fortunes; adores and is madly jealous of him and goes home to nurse her sick mother, without her husband’s consent. He sues for a divorce, prevented by her father’s arrival prepared to give the other side of the question.—W. D. Howells, _A Modern Instance_.

=Gay´ville= (_Lord_), the affianced husband of Miss Alscrip “the heiress,” whom he detests; but he ardently loves Miss Alton, her companion. The former is conceited, overbearing, and vulgar, but very rich; the latter is modest, retiring, and lady-like, but very poor. It turns out that £2000 a year of “the heiress’s” property was entailed on Sir William Charleton’s heirs, and therefore descended to Mr. Clifford in right of his mother. This money Mr. Clifford settles on his sister, Miss Alton (whose real name is Clifford). Sir Clement Flint tears the conveyance, whereby Clifford retains the £2000 a year, and Sir Clement settles the same amount on Lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton, _alias_ Miss Clifford.

_Lady Emily Gayville_, sister of Lord Gayville. A bright, vivacious, and witty lady, who loves Mr. Clifford. Clifford also greatly loves Lady Emily, but is deterred from proposing to her because he is poor and unequal to her in a social position. It turns out that he comes into £2000 a year in right of his mother, Lady Charlton; and is thus enabled to offer himself to the lady, by whom he is accepted.—General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).

=Gayworthys’= (_The_), New England household.

_Dr. Gayworthy._ Excellent man and physician. His heart is bound up in his step-grandson in whose favor he makes a will.

_Johanna and Rebecca Gayworthy_; one round, laughing and fair; the other, slight, brown, delicate, serious-eyed. Each has a lover and each her disappointment and victory.

_Mrs. Vorse_ or “Sister Prue,” step-daughter, a widow with one son—_Gershom_, who is wild for sea-life, and gets it.

_Mrs. Gair_, née Gayworthy; the town-sister, diplomatic and suave. She secretes the doctor’s will and manœuvres Gershom off to sea.

_Sadie, or Say Gair_; upright little girl, who grows into a sound-hearted woman, and brings crooked things straight after many days and much striving, by marrying Gershom.—A.D.T. Whitney, _The Gayworthys_ (1865).

=Gaz´ban=, the black slave of the old fire-worshipper, employed to sacrifice the Mussulmans to be offered on the “mountain of fire.”—_Arabian Nights_ (“Amgiad and Assad”).

=Gazette= (_Sir Gregory_), a man who delights in news, without having the slightest comprehension of politics.—Samuel Foote, _The Knights_.

=Ge´ber=, an Arabian alchemist, born at Thous, in Persia (eighth century). He wrote several treatises on the “art of making gold,” in the usual mystical jargon of the period; and hence our word _gibberish_ (“senseless jargon”).

This art the Arabian Geber taught ...
The Elixir of Perpetual Youth.
Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.

=Geddes= (_Joshua_), the quaker.

_Rachael Geddes_, sister of Joshua.

_Philip Geddes_, grandfather of Joshua and Rachael Geddes.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Geierstein= [_Gi´.er.stine_], Arnold, count of.

_Count Albert of Geierstein_, brother of Arnold Biederman, disguised (1) as the black priest of St. Paul’s; (2) as president of the secret tribunal; (3) as monk at Mont St. Victoire.

_Anne of Geierstein_, called “The Maiden of the Mist,” daughter of Count Albert, and baroness of Arnheim.

_Count Heinrich of Geierstein_, grandfather of Count Arnold.

_Count Williewald of Geierstein_, father of Count Arnold.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Geislaer= (_Peterkin_), one of the insurgents at Liège [_Le.aje_].—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Geith= (_George_), a model of untiring industry, perseverance, and moral courage. Undaunted by difficulties, he pursued his onward way, and worked as long as breath was left him.—Mrs. Trafford [Riddell], _George Geith_.

=Gelert=, Llewellyn’s favorite hound. One day, Llewellyn returned from hunting, when Gêlert met him smeared with gore. The chieftain felt alarmed, and instantly went to look for his baby son. He found the cradle overturned, and all around was sprinkled with gore and blood. He called his child, but no voice replied, and thinking the hound had eaten it, he stabbed the animal to the heart. The tumult awoke the baby boy, and on searching more carefully, a huge wolf was found under the bed, quite dead. Gêlert had slain the wolf and saved the child.

And now a gallant tomb they raise,
With costly sculpture decked;
And marbles, storied with his praise.
Poor Gêlert’s bones protect.
Hon. W.R. Spencer, _Beth Gêlerts_ (“Gêlerts Grave”).

⁂ This tale, with a slight difference, is common to all parts of the world. It is told in the _Gesta Romanorum_ of Follicŭlus, a knight, but the wolf is a “serpent,” and Folliculus, in repentance, makes a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. In the sanskrit version, given in the _Pantschatantra_ (A.D. 540), the tale is told of the brahmin Devasaman, an “ichneumon” and “black snake” taking the places of the dog and the wolf. In the Arabic version by Nasr-Allah (twelfth century), a “weasel” is substituted for the dog; in the Mongolian _Uligerun_ a “polecat;” in the Persian _Sindibadnâmeh_, a “cat;” and in the _Hitopadesa_ (iv. 3), an “otter.” In the Chinese _Forest of Pearls from the Garden of the Law_, the dog is an “ichneumon,” as in the Indian version (A.D. 668). In Sandabar, and also in the Hebrew version, the tale is told of a dog. A similar tale is told of Czar Piras of Russia; and another occurs in the _Seven Wise Masters_.

=Gel´latly= (_Davie_) idiot servant of the baron of Bradwardine (3 _syl._).

_Old Janet Gellatly_, the idiot’s mother.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

⁂ In some editions the word is spelt “Gellatley.”

=Geloi´os.= Silly laughter personified. Geloios is slain by Encra´tês (_temperance_) in the battle of Mansoul. (Greek, _gĕloios_, “facetious”).

=Gem of Normandy=, Emma, daughter of Richard “the Fearless,” duke of Normandy. She first married Ethelred II. of England, and then Canute, but survived both, and died in 1052.

=Gems emblems of the Twelve Apostles.=

ANDREW, the bright blue _sapphire_, emblematic of his heavenly faith.

BARTHOLOMEW, the red _carnelian_, emblematic of his martyrdom.

JAMES, the white _chalcedony_, emblematic of his purity.

JAMES THE LESS, the _topaz_, emblematic of delicacy.

JOHN, the _emerald_, emblematic of his youth and gentleness.

MATTHEW, the _amethyst_, emblematic of sobriety. Matthew was once a “publican,” but was “sobered” by the leaven of Christianity.

MATTHIAS, the _chrysolite_, pure as sunshine.

PETER, the _jasper_, hard and solid as the rock of the Church.

PHILIP, the friendly _sardonyx_.

SIMEON of Cana, the pink _hyacinth_, emblematic of sweet temper.

THADDEUS, the _chrysoprase_, emblematic of serenity and trustfulness.

THOMAS, the _beryl_, indefinite in lustre, emblematic of his doubting faith.

=Gems symbolic of the Months.=

_January_, the jacinth or hyacinth, symbolizing constancy and fidelity.

_February_, the amethyst, symbolizing peace of mind and sobriety.

_March_, the blood-stone or jasper, symbolizing courage and success in dangerous enterprise.

_April_, the sapphire and diamond, symbolizing repentance and innocence.

_May_, the emerald, symbolizing success in love.

_June_, the agate, symbolizing long life and health.

_July_, the carnelian, symbolizing cure of evils resulting from forgetfulness.

_August_, the sardonyx or onyx, symbolizing conjugal felicity.

_September_, the chrysolite, symbolizing preservation from folly, or its cure.

_October_, the aqua-marine, opal, or beryl, symbolizing hope.

_November_, the topaz, symbolizing fidelity and friendship.

_December_, the turquoise or ruby, symbolizing brilliant success.

⁂ Some doubt exists between May and June, July and August. Thus some give the _agate_ to May, and the _emerald_ to June; the _carnelian_ to August, and the _onyx_ to July.

=Gem´ini= (“_the twins_”). Castor and Pollux are the two principal stars of this constellation; the former has a bluish tinge, and the latter a damask red.

As heaven’s high twins, whereof in Tyrian blue
The one revolveth; through his course immense
Might love his fellow of the damask hue.
Jean Ingelow, _Honours_, i.

_Gemini._ Mrs. Browning makes Eve view in the constellation _Gemini_ a symbol of the increase of the human race, and she loved to gaze on it.—E. B. Browning, _A Drama of Exile_ (1850).

=Geneu´ra.= (See GINEURA).

⁂ Queen Guinever or Guenever is sometimes called “Geneura,” or “Genevra.”

=Gene´va Bull= (_The_), Stephen Marshall, a Calvinistic preacher.

=Geneviève= (_St._) the patron saint of Paris, born at Nanterre. She was a shepherdess, but went to Paris when her parents died, and was there during Attila’s invasion (A.D. 451). She told the citizens that God would spare the city, and “her prediction came true.” At another time, she procured food for the Parisians suffering from famine. At her request, Clovis built the church of St. Pierre et St. Paul, afterwards called Ste. Geneviève. Her day is January 3. Her relics are deposited in the Panthèon now called by her name (419-512).

=Genii= or =Ginu=, an intermediate race between angels and men. They ruled on earth before the creation of Adam—D’Herbelot, _Bibliothèque Orientale_, 357 (1697). Also spelt Djinn and Jinn.

⁂ Solomon is supposed to preside over the whole race of genii. This seems to have arisen from a mere confusion of words of somewhat similar sound. The chief of the genii was called a suleyman, which got corrupted into a proper name.

=Genius and Common Sense=, T. Moore says that Common Sense and Genius once went out together on a ramble by moonlight. Common Sense went prosing on his way, arrived home in good time, and went to bed; but Genius, while gazing at the stars, stumbled into a river, and died.

⁂ This story is told of Thalês, the philosopher, by Plato. Chaucer has also an allusion thereto in his _Miller’s Tales_.

So ferde another clerk with ’stronomye:
He walkêd in the feeldês for to prye
Upon the sterrês, what ther shuld befall,
Til he was in a marlê pit i-fall,
Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_, (1388).

=Genna´ro= the natural son of Lucrezia di Borgia (daughter of Pope Alexander VI.) before her marriage with Alfonso, duke of Ferra´ra. He was brought up by a Neapolitan fisherman. In early manhood he went to Venice, heard of the scandalous cruelty of Lucrezia, and with the heedless petulance of youth, mutilated the duke’s escutcheon by striking out the B, thus converting Borgia into Orgia (_orgies_). Lucrezia demanded vengeance, and Gennaro was condemned to death by poison. When Lucrezia discovered that the offender was her own son, she gave him an antidote to the poison, and set him free. Not long after this, at a banquet given by Negro´ni Lucrezia revealed herself to Gennaro as his mother, and both expired of poison in the banquet hall.—Donizetti, _Lucrezia di Borgia_ (1834).

=Gennil= (_Ralph_), a veteran in the troop of Sir Hugo de Lacy.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Genove´va,= wife of Siegfried, count palatine of Brabant. Being suspected of infidelity, she was driven into the forest of Ardennes, where she gave birth to a son, who was suckled by a white doe. After a time Siegfried discovered his error, and both mother and child were restored to their proper home.—_German Popular Stories._

Tieck and Müller have popularized the tradition, and Raupach has made it the subject of a drama.

=Gentle Shepherd= (_The_), George Grenville. In one of his speeches he exclaimed in the House, “Tell me where!” when Pitt hummed the line of a popular song, “Gentle Shepherd, tell me where!” and the House was convulsed with laughter (1712-1770).

_Gentle Shepherd_ (_The_), the title and chief character of Allan Ramsay’s pastoral (1725).

=Gentleman of Europe= (_The First_), George IV. (1762, 1820-1830).

It was the “first gentleman in Europe” in whose high presence Mrs. Rawdon passed her examination, and took her degree in reputation; so it must be flat disloyalty to doubt her virtue. What a noble appreciation of character must there not have been in Vanity Fair when that august sovereign was invested with the title of _Premier Gentilhomme_ of all Europe!—Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1843).

_Gentleman of Europe_ (_First_), Louis d’Artois.

=Gentleman Smith=, William Smith, actor, noted for his gentlemanly deportment on the stage (1730-1790).

=Geoffrey=, archbishop of York.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_Geoffrey_, the old ostler of John Mengs (inn-keeper at Kirchhoff).—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Geoffrey Crayon=, the hypothetical name of the author of the _Sketch-Book_ by Washington Irving (1818-1820).

=George= (_Honest_). General Monk, George, duke of Albemarle, was so called by the votaries of Cromwell (1608-1670).

_George_ (_Mr._), a stalwart, handsome, simple-hearted fellow, son of Mrs. Rouncewell, the housekeeper at Chesney Wold. He was very wild as a lad, and ran away from his mother to enlist as a soldier; but on his return to England he opened a shooting-gallery in Leicester Square, London. When Sir Leicester Dedlock, in his old age, fell into trouble, George became his faithful attendant.—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

_George_ (_St._), the patron saint of England. He was born at Lydda, but brought up in Cappadocia, and suffered martyrdom in the reign of Diocletian, April, 23, A.D. 303. Mr. Hogg tells us of a Greek inscription at Ezra, in Syria, dated 346, in which the martyrdom of St. George is referred to. At this date was living George, bishop of Alexandria, with whom Gibbon, in his _Decline and Fall_, has confounded the patron saint of England; but the bishop died in 362, or fifty-nine years after the prince of Cappadocia. (See RED CROSS KNIGHT.)

⁂ Mussulmans revere St. George under the name of “Gherghis.”

_St. George’s Bones_ were taken to the church in the City of Constantine.

_St. George’s Head._ One of his heads was preserved at Rome. Long forgotten, it was rediscovered in 751, and was given in 1600 to the church of Ferrara. Another of his heads was preserved in the church of Mares-Moutier, in Picardy.

_St. George’s Limbs._ One of his arms fell from heaven upon the altar of Pantaleon, at Cologne. Another was preserved in a religious house of Barala, and was transferred thence in the ninth century to Cambray. Part of an arm was presented by Robert of Flanders to the City of Toulouse; another part was given to the abbey of Auchin, and another to the Countess Matilda.

=George and the Dragon= (_St._). St. George, son of Lord Albert of Coventry, was stolen in infancy by “the weird lady of the woods,” who brought the lad up to deeds of arms. His body had three marks; a dragon on the breast, a garter round one of the legs, and a blood-red cross on the right arm. When he grew to manhood, he fought against the Saracens. In Libya he heard of a huge dragon, to which a damsel was daily given for food, and it so happened that when he arrived the victim was Sabra, the king’s daughter. She was already tied to the stake when St. George came up. On came the dragon; but the knight, thrusting his lance into the monster’s mouth, killed it on the spot. Sabra, being brought to England, became the wife of her deliverer, and they lived happily in Coventry till death.—Percy, _Reliques_ III. iii. 2.

_St. George and the Dragon_, on old guinea-pieces, was the design of Pistrucci. It was an adaptation of a didrachm of Tarentum, B.C. 250.

⁂ The encounter between George and the dragon took place at Berytus (_Beyrut_).

The tale of St. George and the dragon is told in the _Golden Legends_ of Jacques de Voragine.—See S. Baring-Gould, _Curious Myths of The Middle Ages_.

=George I. and the duchess of Kendal= (1719). The duchess was a German, whose name was Erangard Melrose de Schulemberg. She was created duchess of Munster, in Ireland, baroness Glastonbury, Countess of Feversham, and duchess of Kendal (died 1743).

=George II.= His favorite was Mary Howard, duchess of Suffolk.

George II., when angry, vented his displeasure by kicking his hat about the room. We are told that Xerxes vented his displeasure at the loss of his bridges by ordering the Hellespont to be fettered, lashed with 300 stripes, and insulted.

=George III., and the Fair Quakeress.= When George III. was about 20 years of age he fell in love with Hannah Lightfoot, daughter of a linen-draper in Market Street, St. James’s. He married her in Kew Church, 1759, but of course the marriage was not recognized. (See LOVERS.)

⁂ The following year (September, 1760), he married the Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Hannah Lightfoot married a Mr. Axford, and passed out of public notice.

=George IV. and Mrs. Mary Robinson=, generally called Perdita. Mary Darby, at the age of 15, married Mr. Robinson, who lived a few months on credit, and was then imprisoned for debt. Mrs. Robinson sought a livelihood on the stage, and George IV., then Prince of Wales and a mere lad, saw her as “Perdita,” fell in love with her, corresponded with her under the assumed name of “Florizel,” and gave her a bond for £20,000, subsequently cancelled for an annuity of £500 (1758-1800).

⁂ George IV. was born 1762, and was only 16 in 1778, when he fell in love with Mrs. Robinson. The young prince suddenly abandoned her, and after two other love affairs, privately married, at Carleton House (in 1785), Mrs. Fitzherbert, a lady of good family, and a widow, seven years his senior. The marriage being contrary to the law, he married the Princess Caroline of Brunswick, in 1795; but still retained his connection with Mrs. Fitzherbert, and added a new favorite, the Countess of Jersey.

=George= [DE LAVAL], a friend of Horace de Brienne (2 _syl._). Having committed forgery, Carlos (_alias_ Marquis d’Antas), being cognizant of it, had him in his power; but Ogarita (_alias_ Martha) obtained the document, and returned it to George.—E. Stirling, _Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

=George-a-Green=, the pinner or pound-keeper of Wakefield, one of the chosen favorites of Robin Hood.

Veni Wakefield peramænum,
Ubi quærens Georgium Greenum,
Non inveni, sed in lignum,
Fixim reperi Georgii signum,
Ubi allam bibi feram,
Donec Georgio fortior eram.
_Drunken Barnaby_ (1640).

Once in Wakefield town, so pleasant,
Sought I George-a-Green, the peasant;
Found him not, but spied instead, sir,
On a sign, “The George’s Head,” sir:
Valiant grown with ale like nectar.
What cared I for George or Hector?

⁂ Robert Green has a drama entitled _George-a-Green, the Pinner of Wakefield_ (1589).

=Georgian Women= (_The_) Allah, wishing to stock his celestial harem, commissioned an imaum to select for him forty of the loveliest women he could find. The imaum journeyed into Frankistan, and from the country of the Ingliz carried off the king’s daughter. From Germany he selected other maidens; but when he arrived at Gori (north-west of Tiflis) he fell in love with one of the beauties, and tarried there. Allah punished him by death, but the maidens remained in Gori, and became the mothers of the most beautiful race of mortals in the whole earth.—_A Legend._

=Georgina [Vesey]=, daughter of Sir John Vesey. Pretty, but vain and frivolous. She loved, as much as her heart was susceptible of such a passion, Sir Frederick Blount, but wavered between her liking and the policy of marrying Alfred Evelyn, a man of great wealth. When she thought the property of Evelyn was insecure, she at once gave her hand to Sir Frederick.—Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).

=Geraint´= (_Sir_) of Devon, one of the knights of the Round Table. He was married to E´nid, only child of Yn´iol. Fearing lest Enid should be tainted by the queen, Sir Geraint left the court, and retired to Devon. Half sleeping and half waking, he overheard part of Enid’s words, and fancying her to be unfaithful to him, treated her for a time with great harshness; but Enid nursed him when he was wounded with such wifely tenderness that he could no longer doubt her fealty, and a complete understanding being established, “they crowned a happy life with a fair death.”—Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Geraint and Enid”).

=Ger´aldin= (_Lord_), son of the earl of Glenallen. He appears first as William Lovell, and afterwards as Major Neville. He marries Isabella Wardour (daughter of Sir Arthur Wardour).

_Sir Aymer de Geraldin_, an ancestor of Lord Geraldin.—Sir W. Scott, _the Antiquary_ (time, George III.)

=Ger´aldine= (3 _syl._), a young man who comes home from his travels to find his playfellow (who should have been his wife) married to old Wincott, who receives him hospitably as a friend of his father’s, takes delight in hearing tales of his travels, and treats him most kindly. Geraldine and the wife mutually agree not in any wise to wrong so noble and confiding an old gentleman.—John Heywood, _The English Traveller_ (1576-1645).

_Geraldine_ (_Lady_), an orphan, the ward of her uncle Count de Valmont, and the betrothed of Florian (“the foundling of the forest,” and the adopted son of the count). This foundling turns out to be his real son, who had been rescued by his mother and carried into the forest to save him from the hands of Longueville, a desperate villain.—W. Dimond, _The Foundling of the Forest_.

_Geraldine_ (_The Fair_), the lady whose praises are sung by Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. Supposed to be Elizabeth Fitzgerald, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth earl of Kildare. She married the earl of Lincoln.

=Gerard= (_John_), an English botanist (1545-1607), who compiled the _Catalogus Arborum, Fruticum, et Plantorum, tam Indigenarum quam Exoticarum, in Horto Johanis Gerardi_. Also author of the _Herbal or General History of Plants_ (1597).

Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but a few,
To those unnumbered sorts of simples here that grew...
Not skillful Gerard yet shall ever find them all.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_ xiii. (1613).

_Gerard_, attendant of Sir Patrick Charteris (provost of Perth).—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Gerhard the Good=, a merchant of Cologne, who exchanges his rich freight for a cargo of Christian slaves, that he may give them their liberty. He retains only one, who is the wife of William, king of England. She is about to marry the merchant’s son, when the king suddenly appears, disguised as a pilgrim. Gerhard restores the wife, ships both off to England, refuses all recompense, and remains a merchant as before.—Rudolf of Ems (a minnesinger), _Gerhard the Good_ (thirteenth century).

=Ger´ion.= So William Browne, in his _Britannia’s Pastorals_ (fifth song), calls Philip of Spain. The allusion is to Geryon of Gadês (_Cadiz_), a monster with three bodies (or, in other words, a king over three kingdoms) slain by Herculês.

⁂ The three kingdoms over which Philip reigned were Spain, Germany and the Netherlands.

=Gerlinda= or =Girlint=, the mother of Hartmuth, king of Norway. When Hartmuth carried off Gudrun the daughter of Hettel (_Attila_), who refused to marry him, Gerlinda put her to the most menial work, such as washing the dirty linen. But her lover, Herwig, king of Heligoland, invaded Norway, and having gained a complete victory, put Gerlinda to death.—_An Anglo-Saxon Poem_ (thirteenth century).

=German Literature= (_Father of_), Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).

=Germany=, formerly called Tongres. The name was changed (according to fable) in compliment to Ger´mana, sister of Julius Cæsar, and wife of Salvius Brabon, duke of Brabant.—Jehan de Maire, _Illustrations de Gaule_, iii. 20-23.

Geoffrey of Monmouth says that Ebraucus, one of the descendants of Brute, king of Britain, had twenty sons, all of whom, except the eldest, settled in Tongres which was then called Germany, because it was the land of the _germans_ or brothers.

These germans did subdue all Germany,
Of whom it hight.
Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1590).

=Geron´imo,= the friend of Sganarelle (3 _syl._). Sganarelle asks him if he would advise his marrying. “How old are you?” asks Geronimo; and being told that he is 63, and the girl under 20, says, “No.” Sganarelle, greatly displeased at his advice, declares he is hale and strong, that he loves the girl, and has promised to marry her. “Then do as you like,” says Geronimo.—Molière, _Le Mariage Force_ (1664).

⁂ This joke is borrowed from Rabelais. Panurge asks Pantagruel whether he advises him to marry. “Yes,” says the prince; whereupon Panurge states several objections. “Then don’t,” says the prince. “But I wish to marry,” says Panurge. “Then do it by all means,” says the prince. Every time the prince advises him to marry, Panurge objects; and every time the prince advises the contrary, the advice is equally unacceptable.—_Pantagruel_, iii. 9 (1545).

=Géronte´= (2 _syl._), father of Léandre and Hyacinthe; a miserly old hunks. He has to pay Scapin £1500 for the “ransom” of Léandre, and after having exhausted every evasion, draws out his purse to pay the money, saying, “The Turk is a villain!” “Yes,” says Scapin. “A rascal!” “Yes,” says Scapin. “A thief!” “Yes,” says Scapin. “He would wring from me £1500! would he?” “Yes,” says Scapin. “Oh, if I catch him, won’t I pay him out?” “Yes,” says Scapin. Then putting his purse back into his pocket, Géronte´ walks off, saying, “Pay the ransom, and bring back the boy.” “But the money; where’s the money?” says Scapin. “Oh, didn’t I give it you?” “No,” says Scapin. “I forgot,” says Géronte, and he pays the money (act ii. 11).—Molière, _Les Fourberies de Scapin_ (1671).

In the English, version called _The Cheats of Scapin_, by Otway, Géronte is called “Gripe” Hyacinthe is called “Clara,” Léandre is Anglicized into “Leander,” and the sum of money borrowed is £200.

_Geronte_ (2 _syl._), the father of Lucinde (2 _syl._). He wanted his daughter to marry Horace, but as she loved Léandre, in order to avoid a marriage she detested she pretended to have lost the power of articulate speech, and only answered, “Han, hi, hon!” “Han, hi, hon, han!” Sganarelle, “le médecin malgré lui,” seeing that this jargon was put on, and ascertaining that Léandre was her lover, introduced him as an apothecary, and the young man soon effected a perfect cure with “pills matrimoniac.”—Molière, _Le Médecin Malgré Lui_ (1666).

=Ger´rard=, king of the beggars, disguised under the name of Clause. He is the father of Florez, the rich merchant of Bruges.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggars’ Bush_ (1622).

=Ger´trude= (2 _syl._), Hamlet’s mother. On the death of her husband, who was king of Denmark, she married Claudius, the late king’s brother. Gertrude was accessory to the murder of her first husband, and Claudius was principal. Claudius prepared poisoned wine, which he intended for Hamlet; but the queen not knowing it was poisoned drank it and died; Hamlet, seeing his mother fall dead, rushed on the king and killed him.—Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).

⁂ In the _Historie of Hamblett_, Gertrude is called “Geruth.”

_Gertrude_, daughter of Albert, patriarch of Wy´oming. One day an Indian brought to Albert a lad (nine years old) named Henry Waldegrave (2 _syl._), and told the patriarch he had promised the boy’s mother, at her death, to place her son under his care. The lad remained at Wyoming for three years, and was then sent to his friends. When grown to manhood, Henry Waldegrave returned to Wyoming, and married Gertrude; but three months afterwards Brandt, at the head of a mixed army of British and Indians attacked the settlement, and both Albert and Gertrude were shot. Henry Waldegrave then joined the army of Washington, which was fighting for American independence.—Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_ (1809).

_Gertrude._ Brave heroine of Maria S. Cummins’s _Lamplighter_. She raises herself by sheer force of energy and talent from the lowly station in which she was born to a position of highest respectability and influence (1853).

=Gerun´dio= (_Fray_), _i.e._ Friar Gerund, the hero and title of a Spanish romance, by the Jesuit De l’Isla. It is a satire on the absurdities and bad taste of the popular preachers of the time (1758).

=Ge´ryon’s Sons=, the Spaniards; so called from Geryon, an ancient king of Spain, whose oxen were driven off by Her´culês. This task was one of the hero’s “twelve labors.” Milton uses the expression in _Paradise Lost_, xi. 410 (1665).

=Geryon´eo=, a human monster with three bodies. He was of the race of giants, being the son of Geryon, the tyrant who gave all strangers “as food to his kine, the fairest and the fiercest kine alive.” Geryoneo promised to take the young widow Belgê (2 _syl._) under his protection; but it was like the wolf protecting the lamb, for “he gave her children to a dreadful monster to devour.” In her despair she applied to King Arthur for help, and the British king, espousing her cause, soon sent Geryoneo “down to the house of dole.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 10, 11 (1596).

⁂ “Geryoneo” is the house of Austria, and Philip of Spain in particular. “King Arthur” is England, and the earl of Leicester in particular. The “Widow Belgê” is the Netherlands; and the monster that devoured her children the inquisition, introduced by the duke of Alva. “Geryoneo” had three bodies, for Philip ruled over three kingdoms—Spain, Germany and the Netherlands. The earl of Leicester, sent in 1585 to the aid of the Netherlands, broke off the yoke of Philip.

=Ges´mas=, the impenitent thief crucified with our Lord. In the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemus_, he is called Gestas. The penitent thief was Dismas, Dysmas, Demas, or Dumacus.

Three bodies on three crosses hang supine;
Dismas and Gesmas and the power Divine.
Dismas seeks heaven, Gesmas his own damnation.
The Mid-one seeks our ransom and salvation.
_Translation of a Latin Charm._

=Gessler= (_Albrecht_), the brutal and tyrannical governor of Switzerland, appointed by Austria over the three forest cantons. When the people rose in rebellion, Gessler insulted them by hoisting his cap on a pole, and threatening death to any one who refused to bow down to it in reverence. William Tell refused to do so, and was compelled to shoot at an apple placed on the head of his own son. Having dropped an arrow by accident, Gessler demanded why he had brought a second. “To shoot you,” said the intrepid mountaineer, “if I fail in my task.” Gessler then ordered him to be cast into Kusnacht Castle, “a prey to the reptiles that lodged there.” Gessler went in the boat to see the order executed, and as the boat neared land, Tell leapt on shore, pushed back the boat, shot Gessler, and freed his country from Austrian domination.—Rossini, _Guglielmo Tell_ (1829).

=Geta,= according to Sir Walter Scott, the representative of a stock slave and rogue in the new comedy of Greece and Rome (? _Getês_).

The principal character, upon whose devices and ingenuity the whole plot usually turns, is the _Geta_ of the piece—a witty, roguish, insinuating, and malignant slave, the confidant of a wild and extravagant son, whom he aids in his pious endeavors to cheat a suspicious, severe, and griping father.—Sir Walter Scott, _The Drama_.

=Ghengis Khan=, a title assumed by Tamerlane or Timour the Tartar (1336-1405).

=Giaffir= [_Djaf.fir_], pacha of Aby´dos, and father of Zuleika [_Zu.lee´.kah_]. He tells his daughter he intends her to marry the governor of Magne´sia, but Zuleika has given her plight to her cousin Selim. The lovers take to flight; Giaffir pursues and shoots Selim; Zuleika dies of grief; and the father lives on, a broken-hearted old man, calling to the winds, “Where is my daughter?” and echo answers, “Where?”—Byron, _Bride of Abydos_ (1813).

=Giam´schid= [_Jam.shid_], suleyman of the Peris. Having reigned seven hundred years, he thought himself immortal; but God, in punishment, gave him a human form, and sent him to live on earth, where he became a great conqueror, and ruled over both the East and West. The bulwark of the Peris’ abode was composed of green chrysolite, the reflection of which gives to the sky its deep blue-green hue.

Soul beamed forth in every spark
That darted from beneath the lid,
Bright as the jewel of Giamschid,
Byron, _The Giaour_ (1813).

She only wished the amorous monarch had shown more ardor for the carbuncle of Giamschid.—W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).

=Giants of Mythology and Fable.= Strabo makes mention of the skeleton of a giant 60 cubits in height. Pliny tells us of another 46 cubits. Boccaccio describes the body of a giant from bones discovered in a cave near Trapani, in Sicily, 200 cubits in length. One tooth of this “giant” weighed 200 ounces; but Kircher says the tooth and bones were those of a mastodon.

AC´AMAS, one of the Cyclops.—_Greek Fable._

ADAMASTOR, the giant Spirit of the Cape. His lips were black, teeth blue, eyes shot with livid fire, and voice louder than thunder.—Camoëns, _Lusiad_, v.

ÆGÆON, the hundred-handed giant. One of the Titans.—_Greek Fable._

AG´ROIS, one of the giants called Titans. He was killed by the Parcæ.—_Greek Fable._

ALCYONEUS [_Al´.sĭ.ŏ.nuce_] or AL´CION, brother of Porphyrĭon. He stole some of the Sun’s oxen, and Jupiter sent Herculês against him, but he was unable to prevail, for immediately the giant touched the earth he received fresh vigor. Pallas, seizing him, carried him beyond the moon, and he died. His seven daughters were turned into halcyons, or kingfishers.—Apollonios of Rhodes, _Argonautic Expedition_, i. 6.

AL´GEBAR´. The giant Orīon is so called by the Arabs.

ALIFANFARON or ALIPHARNON, emperor of Trapoban.—_Don Quixote._

ALOE´OS, (4 _syl._), son of Titan and Terra.—_Greek Fable_.

ALOI´DES (4 _syl._), sons of Alēĕus (4 _syl._), named Otos and Ephialtês (_q.v._).

AM´ERANT, a cruel giant slain by Guy of Warwick.—Percy, _Reliques_.

ANGOULAFFRE, the Saracen giant. He was 12 cubits high, his face measured 3 feet in breadth, his nose was 9 inches long, his arms and legs 6 feet. He had the strength of thirty men, and his mace was the solid trunk of an oak tree, 300 years old. The tower of Pisa lost its perpendicularity by the weight of this giant leaning against it to rest himself. He was slain in single combat by Roland, at Fronsac.—L’Epine, _Croquemitaine_.

ANTÆOS, 60 cubits (85 feet) in height.—Plutarch.

ARGES (2 _syl._), one of the Cyclops.—_Greek Fable._

ASCHAPART, a giant 30 feet high, and with 12 inches between his eyes. Slain by Sir Bevis of Southampton.—_British Fable._

ATLAS, the giant of the Atlas Mountains, who carries the world on his back. A book of maps is called an “atlas” from this giant.—_Greek Fable_.

BALAN, “bravest and strongest of the giant race.”—_Amădis of Gaul_.

BELLE, famous for his three leaps, which gave names to the places called Wanlip, Burstall, and Bellegrave.—_British Fable_.

BELLE´RUS, the giant from whom Cornwall derived its name “Bellerium.”—_British Fable_. Milton: Lycidas.

BLUNDERBORE (3 _syl._), the giant who was drowned because Jack scuttled his boat.—_Jack the Giant-killer_.

BRIARE´OS (4 _syl._), a giant with a hundred hands. One of the Titans.—_Greek Fable_.

BROBDINGNAG, a country of giants, to whom an ordinary-sized man was “not half so big as a round little worm pricked from the lazy finger of a maid.”—Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_.

BRONTES (2 _syl._), one of the Cyclops.—_Greek Fable_.

BURLONG, a giant mentioned in the romance of _Sir Tryamour_.

CACUS, of Mount Aventine, who dragged the oxen of Hereculês into his cave tail foremost.—_Greek Fable_.

CALIG´ORANT, the Egyptian giant, who entrapped travellers with an invisible net.—Ariosto.

CARACULIAMBO, the giant that Don Quixote intended should kneel at the foot of Dulcin´ea.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_.

CEUS or CŒUS, son of Heaven and Earth. He married Phœbê, and was the father of Latōna.—_Greek Fable_.

CHALBROTH, the stem of all the giant race.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_.

CHRISTOPHERUS, or ST. CHRISTOPHER, the giant who carried Christ across a ford, and was well-nigh borne down with the “child’s” ever-increasing weight.—_Christian Legend_.

CLYTIOUS, one of the giants who made war upon the gods. Vulcan killed him with a red-hot iron mace.—_Greek Fable_.

COLBRAND, the Danish giant slain by Guy of Warwick.—_British Fable_.

CORFLAMBO, a giant who was always attended by a dwarf.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 8.

CORMORAN´, the Cornish giant who fell into a pit twenty feet deep, dug by Jack and filmed over with a thin layer of grass and gravel.—_Jack the Giant-killer_.

CORMORANT, a giant discomfited by Sir Brian.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, vi. 4.

COULIN, the British giant pursued by Debon, and killed by falling into a deep chasm.—_British Fable_.

CYCLOPS, giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of the forhead. They lived in Sicily, and were blacksmiths.—_Greek Fable_.

DESPAIR, of Doubting Castle, who found Christian and Hopeful asleep on his grounds, and thrust them into a dungeon. He evilly entreated them, but they made their escape by the key “Promise.”—Bunyan, _Pilgrim’s Progress_, i.

DONDASCH, a giant contemporary with Seth. “There were giants in the earth in those days.”—_Oriental Fable_.

ENCEL´ADOS, “most powerful of the giant race.” Overwhelmed under Mount Etna.—_Greek Fable_.

EPHIALTES (4 _syl_.), a giant who grew nine inches every month.—_Greek Fable_.

ERIX, son of Goliah [_si_.] and grandson of Atlas. He invented legerdemain.—Duchat, _Œuvres de Rabelais_ (1711).

EU´RYTOS, one of the giants that made war with the gods. Bacchus killed him with his thyrsus.—_Greek Fable_.

FERRACUTE, a giant 36 feet in height, with the strength of forty men.—_Turpin’s Chronicle_.

FERRAGUS, a Portuguese giant.—_Valentine and Orson_.

FIERABRAS, of Alexandria, “the greatest giant that ever walked the earth.”—_Mediæval Romance_.

FION, son of Comnal, an enormous giant, who could place his feet on two mountains, and then stoop and drink from a stream in the valley between.—_Gaelic Legend_.

FIORGWYN, the gigantic father of Frigga.—_Scandinavian Mythology_.

FRACASSUS, father of Ferrăgus, and son of Morgantê.

Primus erat quidam Fracassus prole gigantis, Cujus stirps olim Morganto venit ab illo. Qui bacchioconem campanæ ferre solebat, Cum quo mille hominum colpos fracasset in uno Merlin Cocaius [_i.e._ Théophile Folengo], _Histoire Macaronique_ (1606).

GABBARA, the father of Goliah [_sic_] of Secondille, and inventor of the custom of drinking healths.—Duchat, _Œuvres de Rabelais_ (1711).

GALAPAS, the giant slain by King Arthur.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_.

GALLIGANTUS, the giant who lived with Hocus-Pocus the conjuror.—_Jack the Giant-killer_.

GARAGANTUA, same as Gargantua (_q.v._).

GARGANTUA, a giant so large that it required 900 ells of linen for the _body_ of his shirt, and 200 more for the _gussets_; 406 ells of velvet for his shoes, and 1100 cow-hides for their soles. His toothpick was an elephant’s tusk, and 17,913 cows were required to give him milk. This was the giant who swallowed five pilgrims, with their staves, in a salad.—Rabelais, _Gargantua_.

GEMMAGOG, son of the giant Oromedon, and inventor of Poulan shoes, _i.e._ shoes with a spur behind, and turned-up toes fastened to the knees. These shoes were forbidden by Charles V. of France, in 1365, but the fashion revived again.—Duchat, _Œuvres de Rabelais_ (1711).

GERYON´EO, a giant with three bodies [_Philip II. of Spain_].—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 11.

GIRALDA, the giantess. A statue of victory on the top of an old Moorish tower in Seville.

GODMER, son of Albion, a British giant slain by Canu´tus, one of the companions of Brute.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10.

GOEM´AGOT, the Cornish giant who wrestled with Cori´neus (3 _syl._), and was hurled over a rock into the sea. The place where he fell was called “Lam Goëmagot.”—Geoffrey, _British History_.

GOGMAGOG, king of the giant race of Albion when Brute colonized the island. He was slain by Cori´neus. The two statues of Guildhall represent Gogmagog and Corineus. The giant carries a pole-axe and spiked balls. This is the same as Goëmagot.

GRANGOUSIA, the giant king of Utopia.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_.

GRANTORTO, the giant who withheld the inheritance of Ire´na.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v.

GRIM, the giant slain by Greatheart, because he tried to stop pilgrims on their way to the Celestial City.—Bunyan, _Pilgrim’s Progress_, ii.

GRUM´BO, the giant up whose sleeve Tom Thumb crept. The giant, thinking some insect had crawled up his sleeve, gave it a shake, and Tom fell into the sea, when a fish swallowed him.—_Tom Thumb_.

GYGES, who had fifty heads and a hundred hands. He was one of the Titans.—_Greek Fable_.

HAPMOUCHE, the giant “fly-catcher.” He invented the drying and smoking of neats’ tongues.—Duchat, _Œuvres de Rabelais_ (1711).

HIPPOL´YTOS, one of the giants who made war with the gods. He was killed by Hermês.—_Greek Fable_.

HRASVELG, the giant who keeps watch over the Tree of Life, and devours the dead.—_Scandinavian Mythology_.

HURTALI, a giant in the time of the Flood. He was too large of stature to get into the ark, and therefore rode straddle-legs on the roof. He perpetuated the giant race. Atlas was his grandson.

INDRACITTRAN, a famous giant of Indian mythology.

JOTUN, the giant of Jötunheim or Giant-land, in Scandinavian story.

JULIANCE, a giant of Arthurian romance.

KIFRI, the giant of atheism and infidelity.

KOTTOS, a giant with a hundred hands. One of the Titans.—_Greek Fable_.

MALAMBRU´NO, the giant who shut up Antonoma´sia and her husband in the tomb of the deceased queen of Candaya.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 45.

MARGUTTE (3 _syl._), a giant 10 feet high, who died of laughter when he saw a monkey pulling on his boots.—Pulci, _Morgante Maggiore_.

MAUGYS, the giant warder with whom Sir Lybius does battle.—_Libeaux_.

MAUL, the giant of sophistry, killed by Greatheart, who pierced him under the fifth rib.—Bunyan, _Pilgrim’s Progress_, ii.

MONT-ROGNON, one of Charlemagne’s paladins.

MORGANTE (3 _syl._), a ferocious giant, who died by the bite of a crab.—Pulci, _Morgante Maggiore_.

MUGILLO, a giant famous for his mace with six balls.

OFFERUS, the pagan name of St. Christopher, whose body was 12 ells in height.—_Christian Legend_.

OGIAS, an antediluvain giant, mentioned in the apocrypha condemned by Pope Gelasius I. (492-496).

ORGOGLIO, a giant thrice the height of an ordinary man. He takes captive the Red Cross Knight, but is slain by King Arthur.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i.

ORI´ON, a giant hunter, noted for his beauty. He was slain by Diana, and made a constellation.—_Greek Fable_.

OTOS, a giant, brother of Ephialtês. They both grew nine inches every month. According to Pliny, he was 46 cubits (66 feet) in height.—_Greek Fable_.

PALLAS, one of the giants called Titans. Minerva flayed him, and used his skin for armor; hence she was called Pallas Minerva.—_Greek Fable_.

PANTAG´RUEL, son of Gargantua, and last of the race of giants.

POLYBO´TES (4 _syl._), one of the giants who fought against the gods. The sea-god pursued him to the island of Cos, and, tearing away a part of the island, threw it on him and buried him beneath the mass.—_Greek Fable_.

POLYPHE´MOS, king of the Cyclops. His skeleton was found at Trapa´ni, in Sicily, in the fourteenth century, by which it is calculated that his height was 300 feet.—_Greek Fable_.

PORPHYR´ION, one of the giants who made war with the gods. He hurled the island of Delos against Zeus; but Zeus, with the aid of Herculês, overcame him.—_Greek Fable_.

PYRAC´MON, one of the Cyclops.—_Greek Fable_.

RITHO, the giant who commanded King Arthur to send his beard to complete the lining of a robe.—_Arthurian Romance_.

SLAY-GOOD, a giant slain by Greatheart. Bunyan, _Pilgrim’s Progress_, ii.

STER´OPES (3 _syl._), one of the Cyclops.—_Greek Fable_.

TARTARO, the Cyclops of Basque legendary lore.

TEUTOBOCH´US, a king, whose remains were discovered in 1613, near the river Rhone. His tomb was 30 feet long.—Mazurier, _Histoire Véritable du Géant Teutobochus_ (1618).

THAON, one of the giants who made war with the gods. He was killed by the Parcæ.—Hesiod, _Theogony_.

TITANS, a race of giants.—_Greek Fable_.

TIT´YOS, a giant whose body covered nine acres of land. He tried to defile Latōna, but Apollo cast him into Tartarus, where a vulture fed on his liver, which grew again as fast as it was devoured.—_Greek Fable_.

TYPHŒUS, a giant with a hundred heads, fearful eyes, and most terrible voice. He was the father of the Harpies. Zeus [Jupiter] killed him with a thunderbolt, and he lies buried under Mount Etna.—Hesiod, _Theogony_.

TYPHON, son of Typhœus, a giant with a hundred heads. He was so tall that he touched heaven with his head. His offspring were Gorgon, Geryon, Cerberos, and the hydra of Lernê. He lies buried under Mount Etna.—Homer, _Hymns_.

WIDENOSTRILS, a huge giant, who lived on windmills, and died from eating a lump of fresh butter.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_ iv. 17.

YOHAK, the giant guardian of the caves of Babylon.—Southey, _Talaba_, v.

⁂ Those who wish to pursue this subject further, should consult the notes of Duchat, bk. ii. 1 of his _Œuvres de Rabelais_.

=Giants in Real Life.=

ANAK, father of the Anakim. The Hebrew spies said they themselves were mere grasshoppers in comparison to these giants.—_Josh._ xv. 14; _Judges_ i. 20; _Numb._ xiii. 33.

ANAK, 7 feet 8 inches at the age of 26. Exhibited in London, 1862-5. Born at Ramonchamp, in the Vosges (1 _syl._), 1840. His real name was Joseph Brice.

ANDRON´ICUS II., 10 feet. Grandson of Alexius Comnēnus. Nicetas asserts that he had seen him.

BAMFORD (_Edward_), 7 feet 4 inches. Died in 1768, and was buried in St. Dunstan’s Churchyard.

BATES (_Captain_), 7 feet 11 inches; of Kentucky. Exhibited in London, 1871.

BLACKER (_Henry_), 7 feet 4 inches, and most symmetrical. Born at Cuckfield, Sussex, in 1724. Generally called “The British Giant.”

BRADLEY, 7 feet 8 inches at death. Born at Market Weighton, in Yorkshire. His right hand is preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons (1798-1820).

BRICE (_Joseph_), 7 feet 8 inches. His hand could span 15½ inches.

BUSBY (_John_), 7 feet 9 inches; of Darfield. His brother was about the same height.

CHANG-WOO-GOO, 7 feet 6 inches; of Fychou. The Chinese giant. Exhibited in London, 1865-6.

CHARLEMAGNE, 8 feet nearly. He could squeeze together three horse-shoes at once with his hands.

COTTER (_Patrick_), 8 feet 7½ inches. The Irish giant. A cast of his hand is preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons (died 1802).

ELEA´ZER, 7 cubits (10 feet 6 inches). The Jewish giant mentioned by Josephus. He lived in the reign of Vitellius.

ELEIZEGUE (_Joachim_), 7 feet 10 inches. The Spanish giant. Exhibited in London.

EVANS (_William_), 8 feet at death. Porter to Charles I. (died 1632).

FRANK (_Big_), 7 feet 8 inches; weight 22 stone; girth round the chest, 58 inches. He was an Irishman, whose name was Francis Sheridan (died 1870).

FRENZ (_Louis_), 7 feet 4 inches. The French giant.

GABARA, 9 feet 9 inches. An Arabian giant. Pliny says he was the tallest man seen in the days of Claudius.

GILLY, 8 feet. A Swede; exhibited as a show in the early part of the nineteenth century.

GOLI´ATH, 6 cubits and a span (? 9 feet 4 inches).—1 _Sam._ xvii. 4, etc. His “brother” was also a giant.—2 _Sam._ xxi. 19; 1 _Chron._ xx. 5.

GORDON (_Alice_), 7 feet. An Essex giantess (died 1737).

HALE (_Robert_), 7 feet 6 inches; born at Somerton. Generally called “The Norfolk Giant” (1820-1862).

HAR´DRADA (_Harold_), “5 ells of Norway in height” (nearly 8 feet). The Norway giant.

LA PIERRE, 7 feet 1 inch; of Stratgard, in Denmark.

LOUIS, 7 feet 4 inches. The French giant. His left hand is preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons.

LOUSHKIN, 8 feet 5 inches. The Russian giant, and drum-major of the Imperial Guards.

M’DONALD (_James_), 7 feet 6 inches; of Cork (died 1760).

M’DONALD (_Samuel_), 6 feet 10 inches. A Scotchman; usually called “Big Sam” (died 1802).

MAGRATH (_Cornelius_), 7 feet 8 inches. He was an orphan, reared by Bishop Berkley, and died at the age of 20 (1740-1760).

MAXIMI´NUS, 8 feet 6 inches. The Roman emperor (235-238).

MELLON (_Edmund_), 7 feet 6 inches. Born at Port Leicester, Ireland (1665-1684).

MIDDLETON (_John_), 9 feet 3 inches. “His hand was 17 inches long, and 8½ inches broad.” He was born at Hale, in Lancashire, in the reign of James I.—Dr. Plott, _History of Staffordshire_.

MILLER (_Maximilian Christopher_), 8 feet. His hand measured 12 inches, and his fore-finger 9 inches long. The Saxon giant. Died in London (1674-1734).

MURPHY, 8 feet 10 inches. An Irish giant, contemporary with O’Brien. Died at Marseilles.

O’BRIEN or _Charles Byrne_, 8 feet 4 inches. The Irish giant. His skeleton is preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons (1761-1783).

OG, king of Bashan. “His bed was 9 cubits by 4 cubits” (? 13½ feet by 6 feet).—_Deut._ iii. 11.

⁂ The Great Bed of Ware is 12 feet by 12 feet.

OSEN (_Heinrich_), 7 feet 6 inches; weight, 300 lbs. or 37-1/4 stone. Born in Norway.

PORUS, an Indian king who fought against Alexander near the river Hydaspês (B.C. 327). He was a giant “5 cubits in height” [7½ feet], with strength in proportion.—Quintus Curtius, _De rebus gestis Alexandri Magni_.

RIECHART (_J. H._), 8 feet 3 inches, of Friedberg. His father and mother were both giants.

SALMERON (_Martin_), 7 feet 4 inches. A Mexican.

SAM (_Big_), 6 feet 10 inches. (See “M’Donald.”)

SHERIDAN (_Francis_), 7 feet 8 inches. (See “Frank.”)

SWAN (_Miss Anne Hanen_), 7 feet 11 inches; of Nova Scotia.

⁂ In 1682, a giant 7 feet 7 inches was exhibited in Dublin. A Swede 8 feet 6 inches was in the body-guard of a king of Prussia. A human skeleton 8 feet 6 inches is preserved in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin.

Becanus says he had seen a man nearly 10 feet high, and a woman fully 10 feet. Gasper Bauhin speaks of a Swiss 8 feet in height. Del Rio says he saw a Piedmontes in 1572 more than 9 feet in stature. C.S.F. Warren, M.A., says (in _Notes and Queries_, August 14, 1875) that his father knew a lady 9 feet high; “her head touched the ceiling of a good-sized room.” Vanderbrook says he saw a black man, at Congo, 9 feet high.

=Giant of Literature=, Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1783).

=Giant’s Leap= (_Lam Goëmagot_) or “Goëmagot’s Leap.” Now called Haw, near Plymouth. The legend is that Cori´neus (3 _syl._) wrestled with Goëmagot, king of the Albion giants, heaved the monster on his shoulder, carried him to the top of a high rock, and cast him into the sea.

At the beginning of the encounter, Corineus and the giant, standing front to front, held each other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but Goëmagot presently grasping Croineus with all his might, broke three of his ribs, two on the right side and one on his left. Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole strength, snatched up the giant, ran with him on his shoulders to the neighboring cliff, and heaved him into the sea.... The place where he fell is called Lam Goëmagot to this day.—Geoffrey, _British History_, i. 16 (1142).