Chapter IX: Part 9

=Haïz´um= (_3 syl._), the horse on which the archangel Gabriel rode when he led a squadron of 3000 angels against the Koreishites (_3 syl._) in the famous battle of Bedr.

=Hakem´ or Hakeem=, chief of the Druses, who resides at Deir-el-Kamar. The first hakem was the third Fatimite caliph, called B’amr-ellah, who professed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who had personal communication between God and man. He was slain on Mount Mokattam, near Cairo (Egypt).

Hakem the khalif vanished erst,
In what seemed death to uninstructed eyes,
On red Mokattam’s verge.
Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.

=Hakim= _(Adonbec el_), Saladin in the disguise of a physician. He visited Richard Cœur de Lion in sickness; gave him a medicine in which the “talisman” had been dipped, and the sick king recovered from his fever.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Halcro= (_Claud_), the old bard of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland.—Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

⁂ A udallar is one who holds his land by allodial tenure.

=Halden or Halfdene= (_2 syl._), a Danish king, who with Basrig or Bagsecg, another Scandinavian king, made (in 871) a descent upon Wessex, and in that one year nine pitched battles were fought with the islanders. The first was Englefield, in Berkshire, in which the Danes were beaten; the second was Reading, in which the Danes were victorious; the third was the famous battle of Æscesdun or Ashdune, in which the Danes were defeated with great loss, and King Bagsecg was slain. In 909, Halfdene was slain in the battle of Wodnesfield (Staffordshire).

Reading ye regained....
Where Basrig ye outbraved, and Halden sword to sword.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).

=Hal´dimund= (_Sir Ewes_), a friend of Lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

Hales (_John_), called “The Ever-Memorable” (1584-1656).

The works of John Hales were published after his death, in 1659, under the title of _The Golden Remains of the Ever-Memorable Mr. John Hales of Eton College_ (three vols.).

=Halifax= (_John_), noble character, rising from poverty to affluence and honor by his own exertions, and winning for himself the name written by his mother in his Bible, “_John Halifax, Gentleman._”—Dinah Maria Muloch, Mrs. Craik.

=Halkit= (_Mr._), a young lawyer in the introduction of Sir W. Scott’s _Heart of Midlothian_ (1818).

=Hall= (_Sir Christopher_), an officer in the army of Montrose.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Hall= (_Ruth_), vivacious woman, who is happily married, then widowed, reduced to poverty, and wins fortune and fame by her pen. Supposed to be the author’s own life under a thin veil of fiction.—Sarah Payson Willis (Fanny Fern), _Ruth Hall_ (184-).

=Haller= (_Mrs._). At the age of 16, Adelaid [Mrs. Haller] married the Count Waldbourg, from whom she eloped. The count then led a roving life, and was known as “the stranger.” The countess, repenting of her folly, assumed (for three years) the name of Mrs. Haller, and took service under the countess of Wintersen, whose affection she won by her amiability and sweetness of temper. Baron Steinfort fell in love with her, but hearing her tale, interested himself in bringing about a reconciliation between Mrs. Haller and “the stranger,” who happened, at the time, to be living in the same neighborhood. They met and bade adieu, but when their children were brought forth, they relented, and rushed into each other’s arms.—Benj. Thompson, _The Stranger_ (1797). Adapted from Kotzebue.

=Halliday= (_Tom_), a private in the royal army.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time Charles II.).

=Hamarti´a=, Sin personified, offspring of the red dragon and Eve. “A foul deformed” monster, “more foul deformed the sun yet never saw.” “A woman seemed she in the upper part,” but “the rest was in serpent form,” though out of sight. Fully described in canto xii. of _The Purple Island_ (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. (Greek _hamartia_, “sin.”)

=Hamet=, son of Mandānê and Zamti (a Chinese mandarin). When the infant prince, Zaphimri, called “the orphan of China,” was committed to the care of Zamti, Hamet was sent to Corea, and placed under the charge of Morat; but when grown to manhood, he led a band of insurgents against Ti´murkan´ the Tartar, who had usurped the throne of China. He was seized and condemned to death, under the conviction that he was Zaphimri, the prince. Etan (who was the real Zaphimri) now came forward to acknowledge his rank, and Timurkan, unable to ascertain which was the true prince, ordered them both to execution. At this juncture a party of insurgents arrived, Hamet and Zaphimri were set at liberty, Timurkan was slain, and Zaphimri was raised to the throne of his forefathers.—Murphy, _The Orphan of China_.

_Hamet_, one of the black slaves of Sir Brian de Bois Guilbert, preceptor of the Knights Templars.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

_Hamet_, (_the Cid_) or THE CID HAMET BENENGEL´I, the hypothetical Moorish chronicler who is fabled by Cervantês to have written the adventures of “Don Quixote.”

O Nature’s noblest gift my gray goose quill!...
Our task complete, like Hamet’s shall be free.
Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_
(1809).

The shrewd Cid Hamet, addressing himself to his pen, says, “And now my slender quill, whether skillfully cut or otherwise, here from this rack, suspended by a wire, shalt thou peacefully live to distant times, unless the hand of some rash historian disturb thy repose by taking thee down and profaning thee.”—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_ (last chap., 1615).

=Hamilton= (_Lady Emily_), sister of Lord Evandale.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

_Hamilton_ (_Mrs._), model Christian mother, whose character and modes of government are delineated in _Home Influence_ and _The Mother’s Recompense_.—Grace Aquilar (185-).

=Hamiltrude= (_3 syl._), a poor Frenchwoman, the first of Charlemagne’s nine wives. She bore him several children.

Her neck was tinged with a delicate rose.... Her locks were bound about her temples with gold and purple bands. Her dress was looped up with ruby clasps. Her coronet and her purple robes gave her an air of surpassing majesty.—L’Epine, _Croquemitaine_, iii.

=Hamlet=, prince of Denmark, a man of mind, but not of action; nephew of Claudius, the reigning king, who had married the widowed queen. Hamlet loved Ophelia, daughter of Polo´nius, the lord chamberlain; but feeling it to be his duty to revenge his father’s murder, he abandoned the idea of marriage and treated Ophelia so strangely that she went mad, and, gathering flowers from a brook, fell into the water and was drowned. While wasting his energy in speculation, Hamlet accepted a challenge from Laertês of a friendly contest with foils; but Laertês used a poisoned rapier, with which he stabbed the young prince. A scuffle ensued, in which the combatants changed weapons, and Laertês being stabbed, both died.—Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).

“The whole play,” says Schlegel, “is intended to show that calculating consideration which exhausts ... the power of action.” Goethe is of the same opinion, and says that “Hamlet is a noble nature, without the strength of nerve which forms a hero. He sinks beneath a burden which he cannot bear, and cannot [_make up his mind to_] cast aside.”

⁂ In the _History of Hamblet_, Hamlet’s father is called “Horvendille.”

=Hammer= (_The _),Judas Asamonæus, surnamed _Maccabæus_, “the hammer” (B.C. 166-136).

Charles Martel (689-741).

On prétend qu’on lui donna le surnom de _Martel_ parcequ’il avait écrasé comme avec un marteau les Sarrasins qui, sous la conduite d’Abdérame, avaient envahi la France.—Bouillet.

=Hammer and Scourge of England=, Sir William Wallace (1270-1305).

=Hammer of Heretics=.

1. PIERRE D’AILLY, president of the council which condemned John Huss (1350-1425).

2. ST. AUGUSTINE, “the pillar of truth and hammer of heresies” (395-430).—Hakewell.

3. JOHN FABER. So called from the title of one of his works, _Malleus Hereticorum_ (1470-1541).

=Hammer of Scotland=, Edward I. His son inscribed on his tomb: “Edwardus Longus Scotorum Malleus hic est” (1239, 1272-1307).

=Hammerlein= (_Claus_), the smith, one of the insurgents at Liège.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hamond,= captain of the guard of Rollo (“the bloody brother” of Otto, and duke of Normandy). He stabs the duke, and Rollo stabs the captain; so that they kill each other.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639).

=Hamor= (_Everett_), artist to whom Gwenn consents to sit as a model, and who reciprocates the favor by stealing her heart, his own fancy being enthralled, while he knows that he cannot marry her.

While she dances—a breathing poem, her clear eyes seeking Hamor’s with a kind of proud pleading—“Your smile, too, O my master,” they pleaded; “your smile to crown my joy,”—he is talking of art to a young Danish woman, also an artist, and not seeing Gwenn.—Blanche Willis Howard, _Gwenn_ (1883).

=Hampden= (_John_), was born in London, but after his marriage lived as a country squire. He was imprisoned in the gatehouse for refusing to pay a tax called ship-money, imposed without the authority of parliament. The case was tried in the Exchequer Chamber, in 1638, and given against him. He threw himself heart and soul into the business of the Long Parliament, and commanded a troop in the parliamentary army. In 1643 he fell in an encounter with Prince Rupert; but he has ever been honored as a patriot, and the defender of the rights of the people (1597-1643).

[_Shall_] Hampden no more, when suffering Freedom calls,
Encounter Fate, and triumph as he falls?
Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1790).

Some village Hampden, that with dauntless breast,
The little tyrant of his fields withstood.
Grey, _Elegy_ (1749).

=Hamzu-ben-Ahmud=, who, on the death of Hakeem. B’amr-ellah (called the incarnate deity and last prophet), was the most zealous propagator of the new faith, out of which the semi-Mohammedan sect, called Druses, subsequently arose.

N.B.—They were not called “Druses” till the eleventh century, when one of their “apostles,” called Durzi, led them from Egypt to Syria, and the sect was called by his name.

=Handel’s Monument=, in Westminster Abbey, is by Roubillac. It was the last work executed by this sculptor.

=Han= (_Sons of_), the Chinese, so called from Hân, the village in which Lieou-pang was chief. Lieou-pang conquered all who opposed him, seized the supreme power, assumed the name of Kao-hoâng-tee and the dynasty, which lasted 422 years, was “the fifth imperial dynasty, or that of Hân.” It gave thirty emperors, and the seat of government was Yn. With this dynasty the modern history of China begins (B.C. 202 to A.D. 220).

=Handsome Englishman= (_The_). The French used to call John Churchill, duke of Marlborough, _Le Bel Anglais_ (1650-1722).

=Handsome Swordsman= (_The_). Joachim Murat was popularly called _Le Beau Sabreur_ (1767-1815).

=Handy Andy=, (See ANDY).

=Handy= (_Sir Abel_), a great contriver of inventions which would not work, and of retrograde improvements. Thus “his infallible axletree” gave way when it was used, and the carriage was “smashed to pieces.” His substitute for gunpowder exploded, endangered his life, and set fire to the castle. His “extinguishing powder” might have reduced the flames, but it was not mixed, nor were his patent fire-engines in workable order. He said to Farmer Ashfield:

“I have obtained patents for tweezers, toothpicks, and tinder-boxes ... and have now on hand two inventions, ... one for converting saw-dust into deal boards, and the other for cleaning rooms by steam-engines.”

_Lady Nelly Handy_ (his wife), formerly a servant in the house of Farmer Ashfield. She was full of affectations, overbearing, and dogmatical. Lady Nelly tried to “forget the dunghill whence she grew, and thought herself the Lord knows who.” Her extravagance was so great that Sir Abel said his “best coal-pit would not find her in white muslin, nor his India bonds in shawls and otto of roses.” It turned out that her first husband, Gerald, who had been absent twenty years, reappeared and claimed her. Sir Abel willingly resigned his claim, and gave Gerald £5000 to take her off his hands.

_Robert Handy_ (always called _Bob_), son of Sir Abel by his first wife. He fancied he could do everything better than any one else. He taught the post boy to drive, but broke the horse’s knees. He taught Farmer Ashfield how to box, but got knocked down by him at the first blow. He told Dame Ashfield he had learned lace-making at Mechlin, and that she did not make it in the right way; but he spoilt her cushion in showing her how to do it. He told Lady Handy (his father’s bride) she did not know how to use the fan, and showed her; he told her she did not know how to curtsey, and showed her. Being pestered by this popinjay beyond endurance, she implored her husband to protect her from further insults. Though light-hearted, Bob was “warm, steady, and sincere.” He married Susan, the daughter of Farmer Ashfield.—Th. Morton, _Speed the Plough_ (1798).

=Hanging Judge= (_The_), Sir Francis Page (1718-1741).

The earl of Norbury, who was chief justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland from 1820 to 1827, was also stigmatized with the same unenviable title.

=Hannah.= The friend of the Quaker widow in the garden after her husband’s funeral—“the single heart that comes at need.”—Bayard Taylor, _The Quaker Widow_.

_Hannah_, housekeeper to Mr. Fairford, the lawyer.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Hannah Thurston.= A country girl, a Quaker by birth and breeding, whose Madonna face and nobility of character win the regard of a wealthy citizen of the world, a travelled man who yet does not sympathize with Hannah’s “progressive” ideas on the subject of woman’s suffrage, etc. He marries her and converts her.—Bayard Taylor, _Hannah Thurston_, (1868.)

=Hans=, a simple-minded boy of five and twenty, in love with Esther, but too shy to ask her in marriage. He is a “Modus” in a lower social grade; and Esther is a “cousin Helen,” who laughs at him, loves him, and teaches him how to make love to her and win her.—S. Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).

_Hans_, the pious ferryman on the banks of the Rhine.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Hans_ (_Adrian_), a Dutch merchant killed at Boston.—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Hans of Iceland=, a novel by Victor Hugo (1824). Hans is a stern, savage, Northern monster, ghastly and fascinating.

=Hans von Rippach= [_Rip.pak_], _i.e._ Jack of Rippach. Rippach is a village near Leipsic. This Hans von Rippach is is a “Mons. Nong-tong-pas,” that is, a person asked for, who does not exist. The “joke” is to ring a house up at some unseasonable hour, and ask for Herr Hans von Rippach or Mons. Nongtongpas.

=Hanson= (_Neil_), a soldier in the castle of Garde Doloureuse.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Hanswurst=, the “Jack Pudding” of old German comedy, but almost annihilated by Gottsched, in the middle of the eighteenth century. He was clumsy, huge in person, an immense gourmand, and fond of vulgar practical jokes.

⁂ The French “Jean Potage,” the Italian “Macaroni,” and the Dutch “Pickel Herringe,” were similar characters.

=Hapmouche= (_2 syl._), _i.e_. “fly-catcher,” the giant who first hit upon the plan of smoking pork and neats’ tongues.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 1.

=Happer= or =Hob=. the miller who supplies St. Mary’s Convent.

_Mysie Happer_, the miller’s daughter. Afterwards, in disguise, she acts as the page of Sir Piercie Shafton, whom she marries.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Happuck=, a magician, brother of Ulin, the enchantress. He was the instigator of rebellion, and intended to kill the Sultan Misnar at a review, but Misnar had given orders to a body of archers to shoot the man who was left standing when the rest of the soldiers fell prostrate in adoration. Misnar went to the review, and commanded the army to give thanks to Allah for their victory, when all fell prostrate except Happuck, who was thus detected, and instantly despatched.—Sir C. Morell [James Ridley], _Tales of the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

Have we prevailed against Ulin and Happuck, Ollomand and Tasnar, Ahaback and Desra; and shall we fear the contrivance of a poor vizier?—_Tales of the Genii_, vii. (1751).

=Har´apha=, a descendant of Anak, the giant of Gath. He went to mock Samson in prison, but durst not venture within his reach.—Milton, _Samson Agonistes_ (1632).

=Harbor= (_In_).

“I know it is over, over!
I know it is over at last!
Down sail! the sheathed anchor uncover,
For the stress of the voyage has passed.
Life, like a tempest of ocean,
Hath outbreathed its ultimate blast;
There’s but a faint sobbing seaward,
While the calm of the tide deepens leeward;
And, behold! like the welcoming quiver
Of heart-pulses throbbed through the river.
Those lights in the harbor at last;
The heavenly harbor at last!”
Paul Hamilton Hayne (1882).

=Har´bothel= (_Master Fabian_), the squire of Sir Aymer de Valence.—Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

=Hard Times,= a novel by C. Dickens (1854), dramatized in 1867 under the titlef of _Under the Earth_ or _The Sons of Toil_. Bounderby, a street Arab, raised himself to banker and cotton prince. When 55 years of age, he proposed marriage to Louisa, daughter of Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., J.P., and was accepted. One night the bank was robbed of £150, and Bounderby believed Stephen Blackpool to be the thief, because he had dismissed him, being obnoxious to the mill hands; but the culprit was Tom Gradgrind, the banker’s brother-in-law, who lay _perdu_ for a while, and then escaped out of the country. In the dramatized version, the bank was not robbed at all, but Tom merely removed the money to another drawer for safe custody.

=Hardcastle= (_Squire_), a jovial, prosy, but hospitable country gentleman of the old school. He loves to tell his long-winded stories about Prince Eugene and the duke of Marlborough. He says, “I love everything that’s old—old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wine,” and he might have added, “old stories.”

_Mrs. Hardcastle_, a very “genteel” lady indeed. Mr. Hardcastle is her second husband, and Tony Lumpkin her son by her former husband. She is fond of “genteel” society, and the last fashions. Mrs. Hardcastle says, “There’s nothing in the world I love to talk of so much as London and the fashions, though I was never there myself.” She, foolishly mistaking her husband for a highwayman, and imploring him on her knees to take their watches, money, all they have got, but to spare their lives: “Here, good gentleman, whet your rage upon me, take my money, my life, but spare my child!” is infinitely comic.

The princess, like Mrs. Hardcastle, was jolted to a jelly.—Lord W.P. Lennox, _Celebrities_, i. 1.

_Miss Hardcastle_, the pretty, bright-eyed, lively daughter of Squire Hardcastle. She is in love with young Marlow, and “stoops” to a pardonable deceit “to conquer” his bashfulness and win him.—Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

=Hardie= (_Mr._), a young lawyer, in the introduction of Sir W. Scott’s _Heart of Midlothian_ (1818).

_Hardie_ (_Alfred_), lover of Julia Dodd, in Charles Reade’s _Very Hard Cash_. His father, _Richard Hardie_, wealthy and fraudulent banker, cheats _David Dodd_, Julia’s father, of £14,000, and hinders his son’s marriage to the daughter of his victim by every means in his power, going so far as to shut him up in an insane asylum on what was to have been his wedding-day.—Charles Reade, _Very Hard Cash_.

=Hardouin= (_2 syl._). Jean Hardouin, the jesuit, was librarian to Louis XIV. He doubted the truth of all received history; denied that the _Æne´id_ was the work of Virgil, or the _Odes_ of Horace the production of that poet; placed no credence in medals and coins; regarded all councils before that of Trent as chimerical; and looked on all Jansenists as infidels (1646-1729).

=Hardy= (_Mr._), father of Letitia. A worthy little fellow enough, but with the unfortunate gift of “foreseeing” everything (act v. 4).

_Letitia Hardy_, his daughter, the _fiancée_ of Dor´icourt. A girl of great spirit and ingenuity, beautiful and clever. Doricourt dislikes her without knowing her, simply because he has been betrothed to her by his parents; but she wins him by stratagem. She first assumes the airs and manners of a raw country hoyden, and disgusts the fastidious man of fashion. She then appears at a masquerade, and wins him by her many attractions. The marriage is performed at midnight, and, till the ceremony is over, Doricourt has no suspicion that the fair masquerader is his affianced, Miss Hardy.—Mrs. Cowley, _The Belle’s Stratagem_ (1780).

=Harding= (_Mr._), gentle warden of Barchester almshouse; precentor and rector of St. Cuthbert’s. Harried nearly out of his sober wits by newspaper persecution.—Anthony Trollope, _The Warden_ and _Barchester Towers_.

=Haredale= (_Geoffrey_), brother of Reuben, the uncle of Emma Haredale. He was a papist, and incurred the malignant hatred of Gashford (Lord George Gordon’s secretary) by exposing him in Westminster Hall. Geoffrey Haredale killed Sir John Chester in a duel, but made good his escape, and ended his days in a monastery.

_Reuben Haredale_, (_2 syl._), brother of Geoffrey, and father of Emma Haredale. He was murdered.

_Emma Haredale_, daughter of Reuben, and niece of Geoffrey, with whom she lived at “The Warren.” Edward Chester entertained a _tendresse_ for Emma Haredale.—C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).

=Harefoot= (_Harold_). So Harold I. was called because he was swift of foot as a hare (1035-1040).

=Hargrave=, a man of fashion. The hero and title of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1843).

=Harley=, “the man of feeling.” A man of the finest sensibilities and unbounded benevolence, but bashful as a maiden.—Mackenzie, _The Man of Feeling_ (1771).

The principal object of Mackenzie is ... to reach and sustain a tone of moral pathos by representing the effect of incidents ... upon the human mind, ... especially those which are just, honorable, and intelligent.—Sir W. Scott.

=Harlot= (_The Infamous Northern_), Elizabeth Petrowna, empress of Russia (1709-1761).

=Har´lowe= (_Clarissa_), a young lady, who, to avoid a marriage to which her heart cannot consent, but to which she is urged by her parents, casts herself on the protection of a lover, who most scandalously abuses the confidence reposed in him. He afterwards proposes marriage; but she rejects his proposal, and retires to a solitary dwelling, where she pines to death with grief and shame.—S. Richardson, _The History of Clarissa Harlowe_ (1749).

The dignity of Clarissa under her disgrace ... reminds us of the saying of the ancient poet, that a good man struggling with the tide of adversity, and surmounting it, is a sight upon which the immortal gods might look down with pleasure.—Sir W. Scott.

The moral elevation of this heroine, the saintly purity which she preserves amidst scenes of the deepest depravity and the most seductive gaiety, and the never-failing sweetness and benevolence of her temper, render Clarissa one of the brightest triumphs of the whole range of imaginative literature.—Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 161.

=Harmon= (_John_), _alias_ JOHN ROKESMITH, Mr. Boffin’s secretary. He lodged with the Wilfers, and ultimately married Bella Wilfer. He is described as “a dark gentleman, 30 at the utmost, with an expressive, one might say, a handsome face.”—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

⁂ For explanation of the mystery see vol. I. ii. 13.

=Harmo´nia’s Necklace=, an unlucky possession, something which brings evil to its possessor. Harmonia was the daughter of Mars and Venus. On the day of her marriage with King Cadmus, she received a necklace made by Vulcan for Venus. This unlucky ornament afterwards passed to Sem´elê, then to Jocasta, then Eriphy´lê, but it was equally fatal in every case. (See LUCK.)—Ovid, _Metaph._, iv. 5; Statius, _Thebaid_, ii.

=Harmonious Blacksmith.= It is said that the sound of hammers on an anvil suggested to Handel the “theme” of the musical composition to which he has given this name.—See SCHOELCHER, _Life of Handel_, 65.

A similar tale is told of Pythagoras.

=Harmony= (_Mr._), a general peace-maker. When he found persons at variance, he went to them separately, and told them how highly the other spoke and thought of him or her. If it were man and wife, he would tell the wife how highly her husband esteemed her, and would apply the “oiled feather” in a similar way to the husband. “We all have our faults,” he would say, “and So-and-so-knows it, and grieves at his infirmity of temper; but though he contends with you, he praised you to me this morning in the highest terms.” By this means he succeeded in smoothing many a ruffled mind.—Inchbald, _Every One has His Fault_ (1794).

=Harold= “the Dauntless,” son of Witikind, the Dane. “He was rocked on a buckler, and fed from a blade.” Harold married Eivir, a Danish maid, who had waited on him as a page.—Sir W. Scott, _Harold the Dauntless_ (1817).

_Harold_ (_Childe_), a man of good birth, lofty bearing, and peerless intellect, who has exhausted by dissipation the pleasures of youth, and travels. Sir Walter Scott calls him “Lord Byron in a fancy dress.” In canto i. the childe visits Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii., Turkey in Europe (1810); in canto iii., Belgium and Switzerland (1816); in canto iv., Venice, Rome, and Florence (1817).

⁂ Lord Byron was only 21 when he began _Childe Harold_, and 28 when he finished it.

=Haroun-al-Raschid=, caliph, of the Abbasside race, contemporary with Charlemagne, and, like him, a patron of literature and the arts. The court of this caliph was most splendid, and under him the caliphate attained its greatest degree of prosperity (765-809).

⁂ Many of the tales in the _Arabian Nights_ are placed in the caliphate of Haroun-al-Raschid, as the histories of “Am´inê,” “Sindbad the Sailor,” “Aboul-hasson and Shemselnihar,” “Noureddin,” “Codadad and his Brothers,” “Sleeper Awakened,” and “Cogia Hassan.” In the the third of these the caliph is a principal actor.

=Har´pagon=, the miser, father of Cléante (_2 syl._) and Elise (_2 syl._). Both Harpagon and his son desire to marry Mariane (_3 syl._); but the father, having lost a casket of money, is asked which he prefers—his casket or Mariane, and as the miser prefers the money, Cléante marries the lady. Harpagon imagines that every one is going to rob him, and when he loses his casket, seizes his own arm in the frenzy of passion. He proposes to give his daughter in marriage to an old man named Anselme, because no “dot” will be required; and when Valère (who is Elise’s lover) urges reason after reason against the unnatural alliance, the miser makes but one reply, “sans dot.” “Ah,” says Valère, “il est vrai cela ferme la bouche à tout, _sans dot_.” Harpagon, at another time, solicits Jacques (_1 syl._) to tell him what folks say of him: and when Jacques replies he cannot do so, as it would make him angry, the miser answers, “Point de tout, au contraire, c’est me faire plaisir.” But when told that he is called a miser and a skinflint, he towers with rage, and beats Jacques in his uncontrolled passion.

“Le seigneur Harpagon est de tous les humains l’humain le moins humain, le mortel de tous les mortels le plus dur et le plus serré” (ii. 5). Jacques says to him, “Jamais on ne parle de vous que sous les noms d’avare, de ladre, de vilain, et de fesse-Matthiæ” (iii. 5).—Molière, _L’Avare_ (1667).

=Harpax=, centurion of the “Immortal Guard.”—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Harpê= (_2 syl._), the cutlass with which Mercury killed Argus, and with which Perseus (_2 syl._) subsequently cut off the head of Medusa.

=Harper=, a familiar spirit of mediæval demonology.

Harper cries, “’Tis time, ’tis time!”
Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act iv. sc. 1 (1606).

=Harpoc´rates= (_4 syl._), the god of silence. Cupid bribed him with a rose not to divulge the amours of Venus. Harpocratês is generally represented with his second finger on his mouth.

He also symbolized the sun at the end of winter, and is represented with a cornucopia in one hand and a lotus in the other. The lotus is dedicated to the sun, because it opens at sunrise and closes at sunset.

I assured my mistress she might make herself quite easy on that score [i.e. _my making mention of what was told me_], for I was the Harpocrates of trusty valets.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 2 (1724).

=Harriet=, the elder daughter of Sir David and Lady Dunder, of Dunder Hall. She was in love with Scruple, whom she accidentally met at Calais; but her parents arranged that she should marry Lord Snolts, a stumpy, “gummy” old nobleman of five-and-forty. To prevent this hateful marriage, Harriet consented to elope with Scruple; but the flight was intercepted by Sir David, who, to prevent a scandal, consented to the marriage, and discovered that Scruple, both in family and fortune, was a suitable son-in-law.—G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).

=Harriet= [=Mowbray=], the daughter of Colonel Mowbray, an orphan without fortune, without friends, without a protector. She marries clandestinely Charles Eustace.—J. Poole, _The Scapegoat_.

=Harriot= [RUSSET], the simple, unsophisticated daughter of Mr. Russet. She loves Mr. Oakly, and marries him, but becomes “a jealous wife,” watching her husband like a lynx, to find out some proof of infidelity, and distorting every casual remark as evidence thereof. Her aunt, Lady Freelove, tries to make her a woman of fashion, but without success. Ultimately, she is cured of her idiosyncrasy.—George Colman, _The Jealous Wife_ (1761).

=Harriet= (_Shattuck_), superannuated tailoress who, with her blind sister, lives in the little house in which she was born. It leaks and shakes in the wind, and they are often hungry, but when they are removed to a “Home,” they steal away and walk fourteen miles back to the old house.—Mary E. Wilkins, _A Humble Romance_ (1887.)

=Harris= (_Mrs._), a purely imaginary character, existing only in the brain of Mrs. Sarah Gamp, and brought forth on all occasions to corroborate the opinions and trumpet the praises of Mrs. Gamp, the monthly nurse.

_Harris_, one of the trio of invalids who go up the Thames in quest of health. Their adventures are the theme of Jerome K. Jerome’s _Three Men in a Boat_ (1889).

=Harrises= (_The_), family who live and die in the faith that, to be a born Harris is a career in itself. They are not rich, or learned, or accomplished, but eminently respectable, and clad in simple egotism as with a garment.—Annie Sheldon Coombs, _As Common Mortals_ (1886).

=Harrison= (_Dr._), the model of benevolence, who nevertheless takes in execution the goods and person of his friend Booth, because Booth, while pleading poverty, was buying expensive and needless jewelery.—Fielding, _Amelia_ (1751).

_Harrison_ (_Major-General_), one of the parliamentary commissioners.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Harrison_, the old stewart of Lady Bellenden, of the Tower of Tillietudlem.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Har´rowby= (_John_), of Stock’s Green, a homely, kind-hearted, honest Kentish farmer, with whom Lieutenant Worthington and his daughter Emily take lodgings. Though most desirous of showing his lodger kindness, he is constantly wounding his susceptibilities from blunt honesty and want of tact.

_Dame Harrowby_, wife of Farmer Harrowby.

_Stephen Harrowby_, son of Farmer Harrowby, who has a mania for soldiering, and calls himself “a perspiring young hero.”

_Mary Harrowby_, daughter of Farmer Harrowby.—G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

=Harringtons= (_The_), Melchisedec. Fashionable tailor; “a grand man, despite his calling.” Of him and _Mrs. Harrington_ it was said that she “had a Port, and Melchisedec a Presence.”

_Caroline_, married to Major Strike.

_Harriet_, married to Mr. Andrew Cogglesby.

_Louisa_, married to Señor Silva Diaz, Conde de Saldar.

_Evan_, the only son, brought up in polite circles, hates the name and trade of “tailor,” but bound in honor to pay his father’s debts. After many struggles and divers reverses, the contest between tradesman and diplomatist within him ends in his marriage to an heiress long beloved by him, and the appointment to the position of attaché to the Naples Embassy.—George Meredith, _Evan Harrington_ (1888).

=Harry= (_Sir_), the servant of a baronet, who assumed the airs and title of his master, and was addressed as “Baronet,” or “Sir Harry.” He even quotes a bit of Latin: “O tempora! O Moses!”—Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1759).

_Harry_ (_Blind_), the minstrel, friend of Henry Smith.—Sir. W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

_Harry_ (_The Great_), or _Henri Grace à Dieu_, a man-of-war built in the reign of Henry VII.

Towered the _Great Harry_, crank and tall.
Longfellow, _The Building of the Ship_.

=Harry Paddington=, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Macheath. Peachum calls him “a poor, petty-larceny rascal, without the least genius;” and says, “even if the fellow were to live six months, he would never come to the gallows with credit.”—Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

=Hart´house= (_2 syl._) a young man who begins life as a cornet of dragoons, but, being bored with everything, coaches himself up in statistics, and comes to Coketown to study facts. He falls in love with Louisa [_née_ Gradgrind], wife of Josiah Bounderby, banker and mill-owner, but, failing to induce the young wife to elope with him, he leaves the place.—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=Hartley= (_Adam_), afterwards Dr. Hartly. Apprentice to Dr. Gray.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Hartwell= (_Lady_), a widow, courted by Fountain, Bellamore, and Harebrain.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit without Money_ (1639).

=Harût and Marût=, two angels sent by Allah to administer justice upon earth, because there was no righteous judgment among men. They acted well till Zoha´ra, a beautiful woman, applied to them, and then they both fell in love with her. She asked them to tell her the secret name of God, and immediately she uttered it, she was borne upwards into heaven, where she became the planet Venus. As for the two angels, they were imprisoned in a cave near Babylon.—Sale’s _Korân_, ii.

Allah bade
That two untempted spirits should descend,
Judges on earth. Haruth and Maruth went,
The chosen sentencers. They fairly heard
The appeals of men ... At length,
A woman came before them; beautiful
Zohara was, etc.
Southey, _Talaba the Destroyer_, iv. (1797).

=Hassan=, caliph of the Ottoman empire, noted for his splendor and hospitality. In his seraglio was a beautiful young slave named Leila (_2 syl_.), who had formed an attachment to “the Giaour” (_2 syl_.). Leila is put to death by the emir, and Hassan is slain near Monut Parnassus by the giaour [_djow´.er_].—Byron, _The Giaour_ (1813).

_Hassan_, the story-teller, in the retinue of the Arabian physician.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_Hassan_ (_Al_), the Arabian emir of Persia, father of Hinda. He won the battle of Cadessia, and thus became master of Persia.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (“the Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

_Hassan_ surnamed _Al Habbal_ (“the rope-maker”), and subsequently _Cogia_ (“merchant”); his full name was then Cogia Hassan Alhabbal. Two friends, named Saad and Saadi, tried an experiment on him. Saadi gave him 200 pieces of gold in order to see if it would raise him from extreme poverty to affluence. Hassan took ten pieces for immediate use, and sewed the rest in his turban; but a kite pounced on his turban and carried it away. The two friends, after a time, visited Hassan again, but found him in the same state of poverty; and, having heard his tale, Saadi gave him another 200 pieces of gold. Again he took out ten pieces, and, wrapping the rest in a linen rag, hid it in a jar of bran. While Hassan was at work, his wife exchanged this jar of bran for fuller’s earth, and again the condition of the man was not bettered by the gift. Saad now gave the rope-maker a small piece of lead, and this made his fortune thus: A fisherman wanted a piece of lead for his nets, and promised to give Hassan for Saad’s piece whatever he caught in his first draught. This was a large fish, and in it the wife found a splendid diamond, which was sold for 100,000 pieces of gold. Hassan now became very rich, and when the two friends visited him again, they found him a man of consequence. He asked them to stay with him, and took them to his country house, when one of his sons showed him a curious nest, made out of a turban. This was the very turban which the kite had carried off, and the money was found in the lining. As they returned to the city, they stopped and purchased a jar of bran. This happened to be the very jar which the wife had given in exchange, and the money was discovered wrapped in linen at the bottom. Hassan was delighted, and gave the 180 pieces to the poor.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Cogia Hassan Alhabbal”).

_Hassan_ (_Abou_), the son of a rich merchant of Bagdad, and the hero of the tale called “The Sleeper Awakened” (_q.v._).—_Arabian Nights_.

=Hassan Aga=, an infamous renegade, who reigned in Algiers, and was the sovereign there when Cervantes (author of _Don Quixote_) was taken captive by a Barbary corsair in 1574. Subsequently, Hassan bought the captive for 500 ducats, and he remained a slave till he was redeemed by a friar for 1000 ducats.

Every day this Hassan Aga was hanging one, impaling another, cutting off the ears or breaking the limbs of a third ... out of mere wantonness.—Cervantes (1605).

=Hassan ben Sabah=, the old man of the mountain, founder of the sect called the Assassins.

Dr. Adam Clark has supplemented Rymer’s _Fœdera_ with two letters by this sheik. This is not the place to point out the want of judgment in these addenda.

=Hastie= (_Robin_), the smuggler and publican at Annan.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Hastings=, the friend of young Marlow, who entered with him the house of Squire Hardcastle, which they mistook for an inn. Here the two young men met Miss Hardcastle and Miss Neville. Marlow became the husband of the former, and Hastings, by the aid of Tony Lumpkins, won the latter.—Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

_Hastings_, one of the court of King Edward IV.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Haswell=, the benevolent physician who visited the Indian prisons, and for his moderation, benevolence, and judgment, received the sultan’s signet, which gave him unlimited power.—Mrs. Inchbald, _Such Things Are_ (1786).

=Hat= (_Gessler’s_). The governor of the Swiss cantons in the reign of Albert I. set up his hat at Altorf, requiring the Swiss to salute it in passing. William Tell refused, and was sentenced to shoot an apple from the head of his son. Tell from this became prominent in achieving the liberties of Switzerland.

_Hat_ (_A White_), used to be a mark of radical proclivities, because orator Hunt, the great demagogue, used to wear a white hat during the Wellington and Peel administration.

=Hat worn in the Royal Presence.= Lord Kingsdale acquired the right of wearing his hat in the presence of royalty by a grant from King John. Lord Forester is possessed of the same right, from a grant confirmed by Henry VIII.

=Hats and Caps=, two political factions of Sweden in the eighteenth century. The “Hats” were partisans in the French interest, and were so called because they wore French _chapeaux_. The “Caps” were partisans in the Russian interest, and were so called because they wore the Russian caps as a badge of their party.

=Hatchway= (_Lieutenant Jack_), a retired naval officer on half pay, living with Commodore Trunnion as a companion.—Smollett, _The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).

Who can read the calamities of Trunnion and Hatchway, when run away with by their mettled steed ... without a good hearty burst of honest laughter.—Sir W. Scott.

=Hatef= (_i.e. the deadly_), one of Mahomet’s swords, confiscated from the Jews when they were exiled from Medi´na.

=Hatim= (_Generous as_), an Arabian expression. Hatim was a Bedouin chief, famous for his warlike deeds and boundless generosity. His son was contemporary with Mahomet the prophet.

=Hathaway= (_Richard_). Young farmer whose “silent side” is imperfectly understood by his wife, Anstis Dolbeare, until a mutual sorrow brings them into sympathy each with the other.—A. D. T. Whitney, _Hitherto_ (1869).

=Hatteraick= (_Dirk_), _alias_ JANS JANSON, a Dutch smuggler-captain, and accomplice of lawyer Glossin in kidnapping Henry Bertrand. Meg Merrilies conducts young Hazelwood and others to the smuggler’s cave, when Hatteraick shoots her, is seized, and imprisoned. Lawyer Glossin visits the villain in prison, when a quarrel ensues, in which Hatteraick strangles the lawyer, and then hangs himself.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hatto=, archbishop of Mentz, was devoured by mice in the Mouse-tower, situated in a little green island in the midst of the Rhine, near the town of Bingen. Some say he was eaten of rats, and Southey, in his ballad called _God’s Judgment on a_ _Wicked Bishop_, has adopted the latter tradition.

This Hatto, in the time of the great famine of 914, when he saw the poor exceedingly oppressed by famine, assembled a great company of them together into a barne at Kaub, and burnt them ... because he thought the famine would sooner cease if those poor folks were despatched out of the world, for like mice they only devour food, and are of no good whatsoever.... But God ... sent against him a plague of mice, ... and the prelate retreated to a tower in the Rhine as a sanctuary; ... but the mice chased him continually, ... and at last he was most miserably devoured by those sillie creatures.—Coryat, _Crudities_, 571, 572.

⁂ Giraldus Cambrensis, in his _Itinerary_, xi. 2, says: “the larger sort of mice are called _rati_.” This may account for the substitution of rats for mice in the legend.

The legend of Hatto is very common, as the following stories will prove:—

_Widerolf_, bishop of Strasburg (997), was devoured by mice in the seventeenth year of his episcopate, because he suppressed the convent of Seltzen, on the Rhine.

_Bishop Adolf_, of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 112.

_Freiherr von Güttingen_ collected the poor in a great barn, and burnt them to death, mocking their cries of agony. He, like Hatto, was invaded by mice, ran to his castle of Güttingen, in the lake of Constance, whither the vermin pursued him, and ate him alive. The Swiss legend says the castle sank in the lake, and may still be seen. Freiherr von Güttingen had three castles, one of which was Moosburg.

_Count Graaf_, in order to enrich himself, bought up all the corn. One year a sad famine prevailed, and the count expected to reap a rich harvest by his speculation; but an army of rats, pressed by hunger, invaded his barns, and, swarming into his Rhine tower, fell on the old baron, worried him to death, and then devoured him.—_Legends of the Rhine_.

A similar story is told by William of Malmesbury, _History_, ii. 313 (Bohn’s edit.).

⁂ Some of the legends state that the “mice” were in reality “the souls of the murdered people.”

=Hatton= (_Sir Christopher_), “the dancing chancellor.” He first attracted the attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing at a masque. He was made by her chancellor and knight of the Garter.

⁂ M. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XVI., owed his fortune also to the manner in which he danced in the king’s quadrille.

You’ll know Sir Christopher by his turning out his toes,—famous, you know, for his dancing.—Sheridan, _The Critic_, ii. 1 (1779).

=Hautlieu= (_Sir Artavan de_), in the introduction of Sir W. Scott’s _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

_Hautlieu_ (_The Lady Margaret de_), first disguised as sister Ursula, and afterwards affianced to Sir Malcolm Fleming.—Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

=Have´lok= (_2 syl._), or =Hablok=, the orphan son of Birkabegn, king of Denmark, was exposed at sea through the treachery of his guardians. The raft drifted to the coast of Lincolnshire, where it was discovered by Grim, a fisherman, who reared the young foundling as his own son. It happened that some twenty years later certain English nobles usurped the dominions of an English princess, and, to prevent her gaining any access of power by a noble alliance, resolved to marry her to a peasant. Young Havelok was selected as the bridegroom, but having discovered the story of his birth, he applied to his father Birkabegn for aid in recovering his wife’s possessions. The king afforded him the aid required, and the young foundling became in due time both king of Denmark and king of that part of England which belonged to him in right of his wife.—_Havelok the Dane_ (by the trouveurs).

=Havisham= (_Miss_), an old spinster, who dressed always in her bridal dress, with lace veil from head to foot, white shoes, bridal flowers in her white hair, and jewels on her hands and neck. She was the daughter of a rich brewer, engaged to Compeyson, a young man, who deserted her on the wedding morning; from which moment she became fossilized (ch. xxii.). She fell into the fire, and died from the shock.

_Estella Havisham_, the adopted child of Miss Havisham, by whom she was brought up. She was proud, handsome, and self-possessed. Pip loved her, and probably she reciprocated his love, but she married Bentley Drummle, who died, leaving Estella a young widow. The tale ends with these words:

I [_Pip_] took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place. As the morning mists had risen ... when I first left the forge, so the evening were rising now; and ... I saw no shadow of another parting from her.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Haw´cabite= (_3 syl._), a street bully. After the Restoration, we had a succession of these disturbers of the peace; first came the Muns, then followed the Tityre Tus, the Hectors, the Scourers, the Nickers, the Hawcabites, and after them the Mohawks, the most dreaded of all.

=Hawk= (_Sir Mulberry_), the bear-leader of Lord Frederick Verisopht. He is a most unprincipled _roué_, who sponges on his lordship, snubs him, and despises him. “Sir Mulberry was remarkable for his tact in ruining young gentlemen of fortune.”

=Hawk-Eye.= Name given by frontiermen to Natty Bumppo, who is also called by the French, _La Longue Carbine_.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Last of the Mohicans._

_To know a hawk from a handsaw_, a corruption of “from a hernshaw” (i.e. _a heron_), meaning that one is so ignorant, he does not know a hawk from a heron: the bird of prey from the game flown at. The Romans had a proverb, _Ignorat quid distent ara lupinis_ (“he does not know money from lupines,” or beans); lupines were used on the Roman stage as money. We have a proverb, “He doesn’t know beans,” which may be descended from the Roman saying.

=Hawthorn=, a jolly, generous old fellow, of jovial spirit, and ready to do any one a kindness; consequently, everybody loves him. He is one of those rare, unselfish beings, who “loves his neighbor better than himself.”—I. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village._

=Haworth.= A starving lad, found in the snow at a foundry-door, becomes in time master of the works. He is imperious and greedy of power, making few friends and many foes. One human being believes in him—his mother—and when his ambition overvaults itself and he is ruined and in danger of being mobbed, she goes away with him into the darkness.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Haworths_ (1879).

=Hay= (_Colonel_), in the king’s army.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

_Hay_ (_John_), fisherman, near Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Haydn= could never compose a single bar of music unless he could see on his finger the diamond ring given him by Frederick II.

=Hayle= (_Maverick_). Betrothed of Perley Kelso in _The Silent Partner_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. He cannot sympathize with her religious and philanthropic views, and, recognizing the truth that she has outgrown him, acquiesces in her wish for a dissolution of the engagement. He marries dainty, feather-headed “Fly.”

=Hayston= (_Frank_), laird of Bucklaw and afterwards of Girnington. In order to retrieve a broken fortune, a marriage was arranged between Hayston and Lucy Ashton. Lucy, being told that her plighted lover (Edgar, master of Ravenswood) was unfaithful, assented to the family arrangement, but stabbed her husband on the wedding night, went mad and died. Frank Hayston recovered from his wound and went abroad.—Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

⁂ In Donizetti’s opera, Hayston is called “Arturio.”

=Hazelwood= (_Sir Robert_), the old baronet of Hazelwood.

_Charles Hazelwood_, son of Sir Robert. In love with Lucy Bertram, whom he marries.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Head´rigg= (_Cuddie_), a ploughman in Lady Bellenden’s service. (Cuddie-Cuthbert.)—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Headstone= (_Bradley_), a school-master of very determined character and violent passion. He loves Lizzie Hexam with an irresistible, mad love, and tries to kill Eugene Wrayburn out of jealousy. Grappling with Rogue Riderhood on Plashwater Bridge, Riderhood falls backward into the smooth pit, and Headstone over him. Both of them perish in the grasp of a death-struggle.—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Hearn= (_Frank_), lieutenant in U.S.A., against whom a charge is brought of refusing to pay just debts. He asserts that the account was paid, and the tradesman produces a ledger to prove the opposite. Joined to other evidence this seems conclusive, until _Georgia Marshall_, with whom Hearn is in love, catches sight of the ledger, and scribbles a note to her lover from the other side of the room. He raises a leaf of the ledger between the light and himself and discovers a water-mark—a date—that establishes the fact of perjury.—Charles King, _An Army Portia_ (1890).

=Heart of Midlothian=, the old jail or tolbooth of Edinburgh, taken down in 1817.

Sir Walter Scott has a novel so called (1818), the plot of which is as follows:—Effie Deans, the daughter of a Scotch cow-feeder, is seduced by George Staunton, son of the rector of Willingham; and Jeanie is cited as a witness on the trial which ensues, by which Effie is sentenced to death for child murder. Jeanie promises to go to London and ask the king to pardon her half-sister, and after various perils, arrives at her destination. She lays her case before the duke of Argyll, who takes her in his carriage to Richmond, and obtains for her an interview with the queen, who promises to intercede with his majesty (George II.) on her sister’s behalf. In due time the royal pardon is sent to Edinburgh, Effie is released, and marries her seducer, now Sir George Staunton; but some years after the marriage Sir George is shot by a gypsy boy, who is in reality his illegitimate son. On the death of her husband, Lady Staunton retires to a convent on the continent. Jeanie marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. The novel opens with the Porteous riots.

=Heartall= (_Governor_), an old bachelor, peppery in temper, but with a generous heart and unbounded benevolence. He is as simple minded as a child, and loves his young nephew almost to adoration.

_Frank Heartall_, the governor’s nephew, impulsive, free-handed and free-hearted, benevolent and frank. He falls in love with the Widow Cheerly, the daughter of Colonel Woodley, whom he sees first at the opera. Ferret, a calumniating rascal, tries to do mischief, but is utterly foiled.—Cherry, _The Soldier’s Daughter_ (1804).

=Heartfree= (_Jack_), a railer against women and against marriage. He falls half in love with Lady Fanciful, on whom he rails, and marries Belinda.—Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1693).

=Heartwell=, a friend of Modeley’s, who falls in love with Flora, a niece of old Farmer Freehold. They marry and are happy.—John Philip Kemble, _The Farm-house._

=Heatherblutter= (_John_), gamekeeper of the baron of Bradwardine (_3 syl._) at Tully Veolan.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Heaven-sent Minister= (_The_), William Pitt (1759-1806).

=Hebe= (_2 syl._), goddess of youth, and cup-bearer of the immortals before Ganymede superseded her. She was the wife of Herculês, and had the power of making the aged young again. (See PLOUSINA.)

Hebês are they to hand ambrosia, mix
The nectar.
Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.

=Hebron=, in the first part of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden, stands for Holland; but in the second part, by Tate, it stands for Scotland. Hebronite similarly means in one case a Hollander, and in the other a Scotchman.

=Hec´ate= (_2 syl._), called in classic mythology _Hec´.a.te_ (_3 syl._); a triple deity, being _Luna_ in heaven, _Dian’a_ on earth, and _Proserpine_ (_3 syl._) in hell. Hecate presided over magic and enchantments, and was generally represented as having the head of a horse, dog or boar, though sometimes she is represented with three bodies, and three heads looking different ways. Shakespeare introduces her in his tragedy of _Macbeth_ (act iii. sc. 5), as queen of the witches; but the witches of Macbeth have been largely borrowed from a drama called _The Witch_, by Thom. Middleton (died 1626). The following is a specimen of this indebtedness:—

_Hecate._ Black spirits and white, red spirits and grey.
Mingle, mingle, mingle, you that mingle may....
_1st Witch._ Here’s the blood of a bat.
_Hecate._ Put in that, oh, put in that.
_2nd Witch._ Here’s libbard’s bane.
_Hecate._ Put in again, etc., etc.
Middleton, _The Witch_.

And yonder pale-faced Hecate there, the moon,
Doth give consent to that is done in darkness.
Thom. Kyd, _The Spanish Tragedy_ (1597).

=Hector=, one of the sons of Priam, king of Troy. This bravest and ablest of all the Trojan chiefs was generalissimo of the allied armies, and was slain in the last year of the war by Achillês, who, with barbarous fury, dragged the dead body insultingly thrice round the tomb of Patroclos and the walls of the beleagured city.—Homer, _Iliad_.

=Hector de Mares= (_1 syl._) or Marys, a knight of the Round Table, brother of Sir Launcelot du Lac.

The gentle Gaw´ain’s courteous love,
Hector de Mares, and Pellinore.
Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_, ii. 13 (1813).

=Hector of Germany=, Joachim II., elector of Brandenburg (1514-1571).