Chapter VIII: Part 8

=Grim=, a fisherman who rescued, from a boat turned adrift, an infant named Habloc, whom he adopted and brought up. This infant was the son of the king of Denmark, and when restored to his royal father, the fisherman, laden with rich presents, built the village, which he called after his own name, _Grims-by_ or “Grim’s town.”

⁂ The ancient seal of the town contained the names of “Gryme” and “Habloc.”

_Grim (Giant,)_ a huge giant, who tried to stop pilgrims on their way to the Celestial City. He was slain by Mr. Greatheart.—Bunyan, _Pilgrim’s Progress_, ii. (1684).

=Grimalkin=, a cat, the spirit of a witch. Any witch was permitted to assume the body of a cat nine times. When the “first Witch” (in _Macbeth_) hears a cat mew, she says, “I come, Grimalkin” (act i. sc. 1).

=Grime=, the partner of Item the usurer. It is to Grime that Item appeals when he wants to fudge his clients. “Can we do so, Mr. Grime?” brings the stock answer, “Quite impossible, Mr. Item.”—Holcroft, _The Deserted Daughter_ (1784), altered into _The Steward_.

=Grimes= (_Peter_) the drunken thievish son of a steady fisherman. He had a boy, whom he killed by ill-usage, and two others he made away with; but escaped conviction through defect of evidence. As no one would live with him, he turned mad, was lodged in the parish poor-house, confessed his crimes in delirium, and died.—Crabbe, _Borough_, xxii, (1810).

=Grimes´by= (_Gaffer_), an old farmer at Marlborough.—Sir. W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Grimwig=, an irascible old gentleman, who hid a very kind heart under a rough exterior. He was Mr. Brownlow’s great friend, and was always declaring himself ready to “eat his head” if he was mistaken on any point on which he passed an opinion.—C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).

=Grinderson= (_Mr. Gabriel_), partner of Mr. Greenhorn. They are the attorneys who press Sir Arthur Wardour for the payment of debts. Sir. W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Grip=, the clever raven of Barnaby Rudge. During the Gordon riots it learnt the cry of “No Popery!” Other of its phrases were: “I’m a devil!” “Never say die!” “Polly, put the kettle on!” etc.—C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).

=Gripe= (_1 syl._), a scrivener, husband of Clarissa, but with a _tendre_ for Araminta, the wife of his friend Moneytrap. He is a miserly, money-loving, pig-headed hunks, but is duped out of £250 by his foolish liking for his neighbors wife.—Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).

_Gripe_ (_1 syl._), the English name of Géronte, in Otway’s version of Molière’s comedy of _Les Fourberies de Scapin_. His daughter, called in French, Hyacinthe, is called “Clara,” and his son Leandre is Anglicized into “Leander.”—Th. Otway, _The Cheats of Scapin_.

_Gripe (Sir Francis)_, a man of 64, guardian of Miranda, an heiress, and father of Charles. He wants to marry his ward for the sake of her money, and as she cannot obtain her property without his consent to her marriage, she pretends to be in love with him, and even fixes the day of espousals. “Grady,” quite secure that he is the man of her choice, gives his consent to her marriage, and she marries Sir George Airy, a man of 24. The old man laughs at Sir George, whom he fancies he is duping, but he is himself the dupe all through.—Mrs. Centlivre, _The Busy Body_ (1709).

December 2, 1790, Munden made his bow to the Covent Garden audience as Sir Francis Gripe.”—_Memoir of J.S. Munden_ (1832).

=Gripus=, a stupid, venal judge, uncle of Alcmēna, and the betrothed of Phædra (Alcmena’s waiting-maid), in Dryden’s comedy of _Amphitryon_. Neither Gripus nor Phædra is among the _Dramatis personæ_ of Molière’s comedy of _Amphitryon_.

=Grisilda= or =Griselda=, the model of patience and submission, meant to allegorize the submission of a holy mind to the will of God. Grisilda was the daughter of a charcoal-burner, but became the wife of Walter, marquis of Saluzzo. Her husband tried her, as God tried Job, and with the same result: (1) He took away her infant daughter, and secretly conveyed it to the queen of Pa´via to be brought up, while the mother was made to believe that it was murdered. (2) Four years later she had a son, which was also taken from her, and was sent to be brought up with his sister. (3) Eight years later, Grisilda was divorced, and sent back to her native cottage, because her husband, as she was told, intended to marry another. When, however, Lord Walter saw no indication of murmuring or jealousy, he told Grisilda that the supposed rival was her own daughter, and her patience and submission met with their full reward.—Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Clerk’s Tale,” 1388).

=Griskinis´sa=, wife of Artaxaminous, king of Utopia. The king felt in doubt, and asked his minister of state this knotty question:

Shall I my Griskiniss’s charms forego,
Compel her to give up the royal chair,
And place the rosy Distaffina there?

The minister reminds the king that Distaffina is betrothed to his general.

And would a king his general supplant?
I can’t advise, upon my soul I can’t.
W.B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_ (1790).

=Grissel= or =Grizel=. Octavia, the wife of Mark Antony, and sister of Augustus, is called the “patient Grizel of Roman story.” Forms of the name Griselda.

For patience she will prove a second Grissel.
Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_, act iii. sc. 1 (1594).

=Griz´el Dal´mahoy= (_Miss_), the seamstress.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Griz´zie,= maid-servant to Mrs. Saddletree.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

_Grizzie_, one the servants of the Rev. Josiah Gargill.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Griz´zle=, chambermaid at the Golden Arms inn, at Kippletringan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

_Grizzle (Lord)_, the first peer of the realm in the court of King Arthur. He is in love with the Princess Huncamunca, and as the lady is promised in marriage to the valiant Tom Thumb, he turns traitor, and “leads his rebel rout to the palace gate.” Here Tom Thumb encounters the rebels, and Glumdalca, the giantess, thrusts at the traitor, but misses him. Then the “pigmy giant-killer” runs him through the body. The black cart comes up to drag him off, but the dead man tells the carter he need not trouble himself, as he intends “to bear himself off,” and so he does.—_Tom Thumb_, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by Kane O’Hara, author of _Midas_ (1778).

=Groat´settar= (_Miss Clara_), niece of the old lady Glowrowrum, and one of the guests at Burgh Westra.

_Miss Maddie Groatsettar_, niece of the old lady Glowrowrum, and one of the guests at Burgh Westra.—Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

=Groffar´ius=, king of Aquitania, who resisted Brute, the mythical great-grandson of Æneas, who landed there on his way to Britain.—M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).

=Gronovius=, father and son, critics and humanists (father, 1611-1671; son, 1645-1716).

I have more satisfaction in beholding you than I should have in conversing with Grævius and Gronovius. I had rather possess your approbation than that of the elder Scaliger.—Mrs. Cowley, _Who’s the Dupe?_ i. 3.

(Scaliger, father (1484-1558), son (1540-1609), critics and humanists).

=Groom= (_Squire_), “a downright, English, Newmarket, stable-bred gentleman-jockey, who, having ruined his finances by dogs, grooms, cocks, and horses ... thinks to retrieve his affairs by a matrimonial alliance with a City fortune.” (canto i. 1). He is one of the suitors of Charlotte Goodchild; but, supposing the report to be true that she has lost her money, he says to her guardian:

“Hark ye! Sir Theodore; I always make my match according to the weight my thing can carry. When I offered to take her into my stable, she was sound and in good case; but I hear her wind is touched. If so, I would not back her for a shilling. Matrimony is a long course, ... and it won’t do.”—C. Macklin, _Love â la Mode_ ii. 1 (1779).

This was Lee Lewes’s great part [1740-1803]. One morning at rehearsal, Lewes said something not in the play. “Hoy, hoy!” cried Macklin; “what’s that? what’s that?” “Oh,” replied Lewes, “’tis only a bit of my nonsense.” “But,” said Macklin, gravely, “I like my nonsense, Mr. Lewes, better than yours.”—J. O’Keefe.

=Grotto of Eph´esus.= Near Ephesus was a grotto containing a statue of Diana, to which was attached a pipe of reeds. If a young woman, charged with dishonor, entered this grotto, and the reed gave forth _musical_ sounds, she was declared to be a pure virgin; but if it gave forth _hideous noises_, she was denounced and never seen more. Corinna put the grotto to the test, at the desire of Glaucon of Lesbos, and was never seen again by the eye of man.—E. Bulwer Lytton, _Tales of Milētus_, iii. (See CHASTITY, for other tests.)

=Groveby= (_Old_), of Gloomstock Hall, aged 65. He is the uncle of Sir Harry Groveby. Brusque, hasty, self-willed, but kind-hearted.

_Sir Harry Groveby_, nephew of old Groveby, engaged to Maria “the maid of the Oaks.”—J. Burgoyne, _The Maid of the Oaks_.

=Groves= (_Jem_), landlord of the Valiant Soldier, to which was attached “a good dry skittle-ground.”—C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity Shop_, xxix. (1840).

=Grub= (_Jonathan_), a stock broker, weighted with the three plagues of life—a wife, a handsome marriageable daughter, and £100,000 in the Funds, “any one of which is enough to drive a man mad; but all three to be attended to at once is too much.”

_Mrs. Grub_, a wealthy city woman, who has moved from the east to the fashionable west quarter of London, and has abandoned merchants and tradespeople for the gentry.

_Emily Grub_, called _Milly_, the handsome daughter of Jonathan. She marries Captain Bevil of the Guards.—O’Brien, _Cross Purposes_.

=Grub´binol=, a shepherd who sings with Bumkinet a dirge on the death of Blouzelinda.

Thus wailed the louts in melancholy strain,
Till bonny Susan sped across the plain;
They seized the lass, in apron clean arrayed,
And to the ale-house forced the willing maid;
In ale and kisses they forgot their cares,
And Susan, Blouzelinda’s loss repairs.
Gay, _Pastoral_, v. (1714).

(An imitation of Virgil’s _Ecl._, v. “Daphnis.”)

=Gru´dar and Bras´solis.= Cairbar and Grudar both strove for a spotted bull “that lowed on Golbun Heath,” in Ulster. Each claimed it as his own, and at length fought, when Grudar fell. Cairbar took the shield of Grudar to Brassolis, and said to her, “Fix it on high within my hall; ’tis the armor of my foe;” but the maiden, “distracted, flew to the spot, where she found the youth in his blood,” and died.

Fair was Brassolis on the plain. Stately was Grudar on the hill.—Ossian, _Fingal_, I.

=Grueby= (_John_), servant to Lord George Gordon. An honest fellow, who remained faithful to his master to the bitter end. He twice saved Haredale’s life; and, although living under Lord Gordon and loving him, detested the crimes into which his master was betrayed by bad advice and false zeal.—C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).

=Grugeon=, one of Fortunio’s seven attendants. His gift was that he could eat any amount of food without satiety. When Fortunio first saw him, he was eating 60,000 loaves for his breakfast.—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“Fortunio,” 1682).

=Grum´ball= (_The Rev. Dr._), from Oxford, a papist conspirator with Redgauntlet.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.)

=Grumbo=, a giant in the tale of _Tom Thumb_. A raven having picked up Tom Thumb, dropped him on the flat roof of the giant’s castle. When old Grumbo went there to sniff the air, Tom crept up his sleeve; the giant, feeling tickled, shook his sleeve, and Tom fell into the sea below. Here he was swallowed by a fish, and the fish, being caught, was sold for King Arthur’s table. It was thus that Tom got introduced to the great king, by whom he was knighted.

=Grumio=, one of the servants of Petruchio.—Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

=Grundy= (_Mrs._). Dame Ashfield, a farmer’s wife, is jealous of a neighboring farmer named Grundy. She tells her husband that Farmer Grundy got five shillings a quarter more for his wheat than they did; that the sun seemed to shine on purpose for Farmer Grundy; that Dame Grundy’s butter was the crack butter of the market. She then goes into her day-dreams, and says, “If our Nelly were to marry a great baronet, I wonder what Mrs. Grundy would say?” Her husband makes answer:

“Why dan’t thee letten Mrs. Grundy alone? I do verily think when thee goest to t’other world, the vurst question thee’ll ax ’ill be, if Mrs. Grundy’s there?”—Th. Morton, _Speed the Plough_, i. 1 (1798).

=Gryll=, one of those changed by Acras´ia into a hog. He abused Sir Guyon for disenchanting him; whereupon the palmer said to the knight, “Let Gryll be Gryll, and have his hoggish mind.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 12 (1590).

Only a target light upon his arm
He careless bore, on which old Gryll was drawn,
Transformed into a hog.
Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

=Gryphon=, a fabulous monster, having the upper part like a vulture or eagle, and the lower part like a lion. Gryphons were the supposed guardians of goldmines, and were in perpetual strife with the Arimas´pians, a people of Scythia, who rifled the mines for the adornment of their hair.

As when a gryphon thro’ the wilderness,
With winged course, o’er hill or moory dale,
Pursues the Arimaspian, who, by stealth,
Had from his wakeful custody purloined
The guarded gold.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. 943, etc. (1665).

_The Gryphon_, symbolic of the divine and human union of Jesus Christ. The fore part of the gryphon is an eagle, and the hinder part a lion. Thus Dantê saw in purgatory the car of the Church drawn by a gryphon.—Dantê, _Purgatory_, xxix. (1308).

=Guadia´na=, the ’squire of Durandartê, changed into a river of the same name. He was so grieved at leaving his master that he plunged instantaneously under ground, and when obliged to appear “where he might be seen, he glided in sullen state to Portugal.”—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 6 (1615).

=Gualber´to= (_St._), heir of Valdespe´sa, and brought up with the feudal notion that he was to be the avenger of blood. Anselmo was the murderer he was to lie in wait for, and he was to make it the duty of his life to have blood for blood. One day, as he was lying in ambush for Anselmo, the vesper bell rang, and Gualberto (3 _syl._) fell in prayer, but somehow could not pray. The thought struck him that if Christ died to forgive sin, it could not be right in man to hold it beyond forgiveness. At this moment Anselmo came up, was attacked, and cried for mercy. Gualberto cast away his dagger, ran to the neighboring convent, thanked God he had been saved from blood-guiltiness, and became a hermit noted for his holiness of life.—Southey, _St. Gualberto_.

=Gua´rini= (_Philip_), the ’squire of Sir Hugo de Lacy.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Guari´nos= (_Admiral_), one of Charlemagne’s paladins, taken captive at Roncesvallês. He fell to the lot of Marlo´tês, a Moslem, who offered him his daughter in marriage, if he would become a disciple of the Arabian prophet. Guarinos refused, and was kept in a dungeon for seven years, when he was liberated, that he might take part in a joust. The admiral then stabbed the Moor to his heart, and, vaulting on his gray horse, Treb´ozond, escaped to France.

=Gu´drun=, a lady married to Sigurd by the magical arts of her mother; and on the death of Sigurd to Atli, (_Attila_), whom she hated for his fierce cruelty, and murdered. She then cast herself into the sea, and the waves bore her to the castle of King Jonakun, who became her third husband.—_Edda_ of Sämund Sigfusson (1130).

_Gudrun_, a model of heroic fortitude and pious resignation. She was the daughter of King Hettel (_Attila_), and the betrothed of Herwig, king of Heligoland, but was carried off by Harmuth, king of Norway, who killed Hettel. As she refused to marry Harmuth, he put her to all sorts of menial work. One day, Herwig appeared with an army, and having gained a decisive victory, married Gudrun, and at her intercession pardoned Harmuth the cause of her great misery.—_A North-Saxon Poem_ (thirteenth century).

=Gud´yill= (_Old John_), butler to Lady Bellenden.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Guelph´o= (3 _syl._), son of Actius IV. Marquis d’Este and of Cunigunda (a German). Guelpho was the uncle of Rinaldo, and next in command to Godfrey. He led an army of 5000 men from Carynthia, in Germany, to the siege of Jerusalem, but most of them were cut off by the Persians. Guelpho was noted for his broad shoulders and ample chest.—Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, iii. (1575).

=Guen´dolen= (3 _syl._), a fairy whose mother was a human being. King Arthur fell in love with her, and she became the mother of Gyneth. When Arthur deserted the frail fair one, she offered him a parting cup; but as he took it in his hands, a drop of the liquor fell on his horse and burnt it so severely that it “lept twenty feet high,” ran mad, and died. Arthur dashed the cup on the ground, whereupon it set fire to the grass and consumed the fairy palace. As for Guendolen, she was never seen afterwards.—Sir W. Scott, _The Bridal of Triermain_, i. 2 (“Lyulph’s Tales,” 1813).

=Guendolœ´na,= wife of Locrin (eldest son of Brute, whom he succeeded), and daughter of Cori´neus (3 _syl._). Being divorced, she retired to Cornwall, and collected an army, which marched against Locrin, who “was killed by the shot of an arrow.” Guendolœna now assumed the reins of government, and her first act was to throw Estrildis (her rival) and her daughter Sabre, into the Severn, which was called Sabri´na or Sabren from that day.—Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 4, 5 (1142.)

=Guenever= or =Guinever=, a corrupt form of _Guanhuma´ra_ (4 _syl._), daughter of King Leodegrance, of the land of Camelyard. She was the most beautiful of women, was the wife of King Arthur, but entertained a criminal attachment for Sir Launcelot du Lac. Respecting the latter part of the queen’s history, the greatest diversity occurs. Thus Geoffrey says:

King Arthur was on his way to Rome ... when news was brought him that his nephew Mordred, to whose care he had entrusted Britain had ... set the crown upon his own head; and that the queen Guanhumara had wickedly married him.... When King Arthur returned and put Mordred and his army to flight ... the queen fled from York to the City of Legions [_Newport in South Wales_], where she resolved to lead a chaste life among the nuns of Julius the martyr.—_British History_, xi. 1 (1142).

Another version is, that Arthur, being informed of the adulterous conduct of Launcelot, went with an army to Bentwick (_Brittany_), to punish him. That Mordred (his son by his own sister), left as regent, usurped the crown, proclaimed that Arthur was dead, and tried to marry Guenever, the queen; but she shut herself up in the Tower of London, resolved to die rather than marry the usurper. When she heard of the death of Arthur, she “stole away” to Almesbury, “and there she let make herself a nun, and wore white cloaths and black.” And there lived she “in fasting, prayers and almsdeeds, that all marvelled at her virtuous life.”—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii, 161-170 (1470).

⁂ For Tennyson’s version, see GUINEVERE.

=Guene´vra= (3 _syl._), wife of Necetaba´nus, the dwarf, at the cell of the hermit of Engaddi.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Guenn.= Beautiful Breton peasant, haughty and gay, who refuses to sit as a model to the artists who haunt the region, until Hamor prevails over her scruples. Up to now, her love for her deformed brother has been the strongest passion of her strong nature. The love she learns to feel for Hamor masters all else, and when convinced that it is hopeless she grows desperate. She is “found drowned.”—Blanche Willis Howard, _Guenn_.

=Guer´in= or =Gueri´no=, son of Millon, king of Alba´nia. On the day of his birth his father was dethroned, but the child was rescued by a Greek slave, who brought it up and surnamed it _Meschi´no_ or “the Wretched.” When grown to man’s estate Guerin fell in love with the princess Elizena, sister of the Greek emperor, who held his court at Constantinople.—_An Italian Romance._

=Guesclin’s Dust a Talisman.= Guesclin, or rather Du Guesclin, constable of France, laid siege to Châteauneuf-de-Randan, in Auvergne. After several assaults the town promised to surrender if not relieved within fifteen days. Du Guesclin died in this interval, but the governor of the town came and laid the keys of the city on the dead man’s body, saying he resigned the place to the hero’s ashes (1380).

France ... demands his bones [_Napoleon’s_],
To carry onward in the battle’s van,
To form, like Guesclin’s dust, her talisman.
Byron, _Age of Bronze_, iv. (1821).

=Gugner=, Odin’s spear, which never failed to hit. It was made by the dwarf Eitri.—_The Eddas_.

=Guide´rius=, eldest son of Cym´beline, (3 _syl._), king of Britain, and brother of Arvir´agus. They were kidnapped in infancy by Belarius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were brought up by him in a cave. When grown to manhood, Belarius introduced them to the king and told their story; whereupon Cymbeline received them as his sons, and Guiderius succeeded him on the throne.—Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).

Geoffrey calls Cymbeline “Kymbelinus, son of Tenuantius;” says that he was brought up by Augustus Cæsar, and adds, “In his days was born our Lord Jesus Christ.” Kymbeline reigned ten years, when he was succeeded by Guiderius. The historian says that Kymbeline _paid_ the tribute to the Romans, and that it was Guiderius who refused to do so, “for which reason Claudius the emperor marched against him, and he was killed by Hamo.”—_British History_, iv. 11, 12, 13 (1142).

=Guido,= “the Savage,” son of Amon and Constantia. He was the younger brother of Rinaldo. Being wrecked on the coast of the Am´azons, he was compelled to fight their ten male champions, and having slain them all, to marry ten of the Amazons. From this thraldom Guido made his escape, and joined the army of Charlemagne.—Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

_Guido_ [FRANCESCHINI], a reduced nobleman, who tried to repair his fortune by marrying Pompilia, the putative child of Pietro and Violantê. When the marriage was accomplished, and the money secure, Guido ill-treated the putative parents; and Violantê, in revenge, declared that Pompilia was not their child at all, but the offspring of a Roman wanton. Having made this declaration, she next applied to the law-courts for the recovery of the money. When Guido heard this tale, he was furious, and so ill-treated his child-wife that she ran away, under the protection of a young canon. Guido pursued the fugitives, overtook them, and had them arrested; whereupon the canon was suspended for three years, and Pompilia sent to a convent. Here her health gave way, and as the birth of a child was expected, she was permitted to leave the convent and live with her putative parents. Guido, having gained admission, murdered all three, and was himself executed for the crime.—R. Browning, _The Ring and the Book_.

=Guild= (_Engineer_), who, in passing through Providence at night, was wont to give a signal to his wife which meant—

“To my trust true,
So, love to you!
Working or waiting, good night!”

One night the whistle was not heard.

“Guild lay under his engine dead.”—Francis Bret Harte, _Guild’s Signal_.

=Guil´denstern=, one of Hamlet’s companions, employed by the king and queen to divert him, if possible, from his strange and wayward ways.—Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are favorable examples of the thorough-paced time-serving court knave ... ticketed and to be hired for any hard or dirty work.—Cowden Clarke.

=Guillotine= (3 _syl._). So named from Joseph Ignace Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed its adoption, to prevent unnecessary pain. Dr. Guillotin did not invent the guillotine, but he improved the Italian machine (1791). In 1792 Antoine Louis introduced further improvements, and hence the instrument is sometimes called _Louisette, or Louison_. The original Italian machine was called _mannaja_; it was a clumsy affair, first employed to decapitate Beatrice Cenci, in Rome, A.D. 1600.

It was the popular theme for jests. It was [called _La mère Guillotine_], the “sharp female,” the “best cure for headache.” It “infallibly prevented the hair from turning grey.” It “imparted a peculiar delicacy to the complexion.” It was the “national razor,” which shaved close. Those “who kissed the guillotine, looked through the little window and sneezed into the sack.” It was the sign of “the regeneration of the human race.” It “superseded the cross.” Models were worn[_as ornaments_].—C. Dickens, A _Tale of Two Cities_, iii. 4 (1859).

=Guinart= (_Roque_), whose true name was Pedro Rocha Guinarda, chief of a band of robbers who levied black mail in the mountainous districts of Catalonia. He is introduced by Cervantes in his tale of _Don Quixote._

=Guinea= (_Adventures of a_), a novel by Charles Johnstone (1761). A guinea, as it passes into different hands, is the historian of the follies and vices of its master for the time being; and thus a series of scenes and personages is made to pass before the reader, somewhat in the same manner as in _The Devil upon Two Sticks_ and in _The Chinese Tales_.

=Guin´evere= (_3 syl._). So Tennyson spells the name of Arthur’s queen in his _Idylls_. He tells us of the liaison between her and “Sir Lancelot,” and says that Mordred, having discovered this familiarity, “brought his creatures to the basement of the tower for testimony.” Sir Lancelot flung the fellow to the ground, and instantly took to horse; while Guinevere fled to the nunnery at Almesbury. Here the king took leave of her; and when the abbess died, the queen was appointed her successor, and remained head of the establishment for three years, when she also died.

⁂ It will be seen that Tennyson departs from the _British History_, by Geoffrey, and the _History of Prince Arthur_ as edited by Sir T. Malory. (See GUENEVER.)

=Guiomar=, mother of the vain-glorious Duar´te.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

=Guiscardo=, the ’squire, but previously the page, of Tancred, king of Salerno. Sigismunda, the king’s daughter, loved him, and clandestinely married him. When Tancred discovered it, he ordered the young man to be waylaid and strangled. He then went to his daughter’s chamber, and reproved her for loving a base-born “slave.” Sigismunda boldly defended her choice, but next day received a human heart in a golden casket. It needed no prophet to tell her what had happened, and she drank a draught of poison. Her father entered just in time to hear her dying request that she and Guiscardo might be buried in the same tomb. The royal father

Too late repented of his cruel deed,
One common sepulchre for both decreed;
Intombed the wretched pair in royal state,
And on their monument inscribed their fate.
Dryden, _Sigismunda and Guiscardo_ (from Boccaccio).

=Guise= (_Henri de Lorraine, duc de_) commenced the Massacre of St. Bartholomew by the assassination of Admiral Coligny [_Co.leen´.ye_]. Being forbidden to enter Paris, by order of Henri III., he disobeyed the injunction, and was murdered (1550-1588).

⁂ Henri de Guise has furnished the subject of several tragedies. In _English_ we have _Guise, or the Massacre of France_, by John Webster (1620); _The Duke of Guise_, by Dryden and Lee. In _French_ we have _Etats de Blois (the Death of Guise)_, by François Raynouard (1814).

=Guis´la= (2 _syl._). sister of Pelayo, in love with Numac´ian, a renegade. “She inherited her mother’s leprous taint.” Brought back to her brother’s house by Adosinda, she returned to the Moor, “cursing the meddling spirit that interfered with her most shameless love.”—Southey, _Roderick, Last of the Goths_ (1814).

=Gui´zor= (2 _syl._), groom of the Saracen Pollentê. His “scalp was bare, betraying his state of bondage.” His office was to keep the bridge on Pollentê’s territory, and to allow no one to pass without paying “the passage penny.” This bridge was full of trap-doors, through which travellers were apt to fall into the river below. When Guizor demanded toll of Sir Artĕgal, the knight gave him a “stunning blow, saying, ‘Lo! there’s my hire;’” and the villain dropped down dead.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 2 (1596).

⁂ Upton conjectures that “Guizor” is intended for the Duc de Guise, and his master “Pollentê” for Charles IX. of France, both notorious for the St. Bartholomew Massacre.

=Gulbey´az,= the sultana. Having seen Juan amongst Lambro’s captives, “passing on his way to sale,” she caused him to be purchased, and introduced into the harem in female attire. On discovering that he preferred Dudù, one of the attendant beauties, to herself, she commanded both to be sewed up in a sack, and cast into the Bosphorus. They contrived, however, to make their escape.—Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. (1824).

=Gul´chenraz=, surnamed “Gundogdi” (“morning”), daughter of Malek-al-salem, king of Georgia, to whom Fum-Hoam, the mandarin, relates his numerous and extraordinary transformations, or rather metempsychoses.—T. S. Gueulette, _Chinese Tales_, (1723).

=Gul´chenrouz=, son of Ali Hassan (brother of the Emir´ Fakreddin); the “most delicate and lovely youth in the whole world.” He could “write with precision, paint on vellum, sing to the lute, write poetry, and dance to perfection; but could neither hurl the lance nor curb the steed.” Gulchenrouz was betrothed to his cousin Nouron´ihar, who loved “even his faults;” but they never married, for Nouronihar became the wife of the Caliph Vathek.—W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).

Even beggars, in soliciting alms, will give utterance to some appropriate passage from the _Gulistan_.—J. J. Grandville.

=Gul´liver= (_Lemuel_), first a surgeon, then a sea-captain of several ships. He gets wrecked on the coast of Lilliput, a country of pygmies. Subsequently he is thrown among the people of Brobdingnag, giants of tremendous size. In his next voyage he is driven to Lapu´ta, an empire of quack pretenders to science and knavish projectors. And in his fourth voyage he visits the Houyhnhnms [_Whin´.nms_], where horses are the dominant powers.—Dean Swift, _Travels in Several Remote Nations_ ... _by Lemuel Gulliver_ (1726).

=Gulna´rê= (3 _syl._), daughter of Faras´chê (3 _syl._), whose husband was king of an under-sea empire. A usurper drove the king, her father, from his throne, and Gulnarê sought safety in the Island of the Moon. Here she was captured, made a slave, sold to the king of Persia, and became his favorite, but preserved a most obstinate and speechless silence for twelve months. Then the king made her his wife, and she told him her history. In due time a son was born, whom they called Beder (“the full moon”).

Gulnarê says that the under-sea folk are never wetted by the water, that they can see as well as we can, that they speak the language “of Solomon’s seal,” and can transport themselves instantaneously from place to place.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Beder and Giauharê”).

_Gulnare_ (2 _syl._), queen of the harem, and the most beautiful of all the slaves of Seyd [_Seed_]. She was rescued by Conrad the corsair from the flames of the palace; and, when Conrad was imprisoned, she went to his dungeon, confessed her love, and proposed that he should murder the sultan and flee. As Conrad refused to assassinate Seyd, she herself did it, and then fled with Conrad to the “Pirate’s Isle.” The rest of the tale is continued in _Lara_, in which Gulnare assumes the name of Kaled, and appears as a page.—Byron, _The Corsair_ (1814).

=Gulvi´gar= (“_weigher of gold_”), the Plutus of Scandinavian mythology. He introduced among men the love of gain.

=Gum´midge= (_Mrs._), the widow of Dan’el Peggotty’s partner. She kept house for Dan’el, who was a bachelor. Old Mrs. Gummidge had a craze that she was neglected and uncared for, a waif in the wide world, of no use to any one. She was always talking of herself as the “lone lorn cre’tur’.” When about to sail for Australia, one of the sailors asked her to marry him, when “she ups with a pail of water and flings it at his head.”—C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849.)

=Gundof´orus=, an Indian king for whom the Apostle Thomas built a palace of sethym wood, the roof of which was ebony. He made the gates of the horn of the “horned snake,” that no one with poison might be able to pass through.

=Gungnir=, Odin’s spear.—_Scandinavian Mythology_.

=Günther=, king of Burgundy, and brother of Kriemhild (2 _syl._). He resolved to wed Brunhild, the martial queen of Issland, and won her by the aid of Siegfried; but the bride behaved so obstreperously that the bridegroom had again to apply to his friend for assistance. Siegfried contrived to get possession of her ring and girdle, after which she became a submissive wife. Günther, with base ingratitude, was privy to the murder of his friend, and was himself slain in the dungeon of Etzel by his sister Kriemhield.—_The Nibelungen Lied._

⁂ In history, Günther is called “Güntacher,” and Etzel “Attila.”

=Gup´py= (_Mr._), clerk in the office of Kenge and Carboy. A weak, commonplace youth, who has the conceit to propose to Esther Summerson, the ward in Chancery.—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Gurgus´tus=, according to Drayton, son of Belīnus. This is a mistake, as Gurgustus, or rather Gurgustius, was son of Rivallo; and the son of Belīnus was Gurgiunt Brabtruc. The names given by Geoffrey, in his _British History_, run thus; Leir (_Lear_), Cunedag, his grandson, Rivallo, his son, Gurgustius, his son, Sisillius, his son, Jago, nephew of Gurguitius, Kinmarc, son of Sisillius, then Gorbogud. Here the line is broken, and the new dynasty begins with Molmutius of Cornwall, then his son Belinus, who was succeeded by his son Gurgiunt Brabtruc, whose son and successor was Guithelin, called by Drayton “Guynteline.”—Geoffrey, _British History,_ ii., iii. (1142).

In greatness next succeeds Belinus’ worthy son
Gurgustus, who soon left what his great father won
To Guynteline his heir
M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

=Gurney= (_Gilbert_), the hero and title of a novel by Theodore Hook. This novel is a spiced autobiography of the author himself (1835).

_Gurney_ (_Thomas_), shorthand writer, and author of a work on the subject called _Brachygraphy_ (1705-1770).

If you would like to see the whole proceedings...
The best is that in shorthand ta’en by Gurney,
Who to Madrid on purpose made a journey.
Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 189 (1819).

_Gurney._ City visitor to Cedarswamp, making fishing and flirting his business while there. Deserts a country girl, “Lett,” to make love to the new teacher, Miss Hungerford.—Sally Pratt McLean, _Cape Cod Folks_ (1881).

=Gurth=, the swine-herd and thrall of Cedric of Rotherwood.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Gurton= (_Gammer_), the heroine of an old English comedy. The plot turns upon the loss of a needle by Gammer Gurton, and its subsequent discovery sticking in the breeches of her man Hodge.—Mr. J. S., Master of Arts (1561).

=Guse Gibbie=, a half-witted lad in the service of Lady Bellenden.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Gushington= (_Angelina_), the _nom de plume_ of Lady Dufferin.

=Gusta´vus Vasa= (1496-1560), having made his escape from Denmark, where he had been treacherously carried captive, worked as a common laborer for a time in the copper-mines of Dalecarlia [_Da´.le.karl´.ya_]; but the tyranny of Christian II. of Denmark induced the Dalecarlians to revolt, and Gustavus was chosen their leader. The rebels made themselves masters of Stockholm; Christian abdicated, and Sweden henceforth became an independent kingdom.—H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).

=Gus´ter=, the Snagsbys’ maid-of-all-work. A poor, overworked drudge, subject to fits.—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Gusto Picaresco= (“_taste for roguery_”). In romance of this school the Spaniards especially excel, as Don Diego de Mondo´za’s _Lazarillo de Tormes_ (1553); Mateo Aleman’s _Guzman d’Alfarache_ (1599); Guevedo’s _Gran Tacano_, etc.

=Guthrie= (_John_), one of the archers of the Scottish guard in the employ of Louis XI—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.)

=Gutter Lyrist= (_The_), Robert Williams Buchanan; so called from his poems on the loves of costermongers and their wenches (1841- ).

=Guy Carleton.= Wealthy young Englishman who is converted from skepticism by the gentle leadings of the child Fleda, and never forgets her. He meets her eight or nine years afterward and marries her.—Susan Warner, _Queechy_ (1852).

=Guy Morville.= High-spirited, generous youth, whose religious faith helps him to overcome a fiery temper. He dies, while on his bridal tour of fever contracted in nursing his cousin Philip, his rival and enemy.—C. M. Yonge, _The Heir of Redclyffe_.

Guy (_Thomas_), the miser and philanthropist. He amassed an immense fortune in 1720 by speculations in South Sea stock, and gave £238,292 to found and endow Guy’s hospital (1644-1724).

=Guy, earl of Warwick=, an English knight. He proposed marriage to Phelis or Phillis, who refused to listen to his suit till he had distinguished himself by knightly deeds. He first rescued Blanch, daughter of the emperor of Germany, then fought against the Saracens, and slew the doughty Coldran, Elmage, king of Tyre, and the Soldan himself. Then, returning to England, he was accepted by Phelis and married her. In forty days he returned to the Holy Land, when he redeemed Earl Jonas out of prison, slew the giant Am´erant, and performed many other noble exploits. Again he returned to England, just in time to encounter the Danish giant Colebrond (_2 syl._) or Colbrand, which combat is minutely described by Drayton, in his _Polyolbion_, xii. At Windsor he slew a boar “of passing might.” On Dunsmore Heath he slew the dun cow of Dunsmore, a wild and cruel monster. In Northumberland he slew a winged dragon, “black as any cole,” with the paws of a lion, and a hide which no sword could pierce (_Polyolbion_, xiii.). After this he turned hermit, and went daily to crave bread of his wife Phelis, who knew him not. On his death-bed he sent her a ring, and she closed his dying eyes (890-958).

=Guy Fawkes=, the conspirator, went under the name of John Johnstone, and pretended to be the servant of Mr. Percy (1577-1606).

=Guy Mannering=, the second of Scott’s historical novels, published in 1815, just seven months after _Waverley_. The interest of the tale is well sustained; but the love scenes, female characters, and Guy Mannering himself, are quite worthless. Not so the character of Dandy Dinmont, the shrewd and witty counsellor Pleydell, the desperate sea-beaten villainy of Hatteraick, the uncouth devotion of that gentlest of all pedants, poor Domine Sampson, and half-crazed, but noble-hearted, Meg Merrilies, the true heroine of the novel.

_Guy Mannering_ was the work of six weeks about Christmas time, and marks of haste are visible both in the plot and in its development.—Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 586.

=Guyon Guerndale.= Sensitive, imaginative young man, “forever looking for this year’s birds in the nests of the last.” He carries in a locket with him an heirloom diamond said to have been wrested from the rightful owner by a wicked ancestor. Guerndale loves a woman who marries his friend; he seeks glory and is wounded at Plevna. He “had started by believing in three things, truth, love, and friendship,” and he never recants. While in the hospital, news comes of “Annie’s” death. He determines to cast away the diamond he had once meant for her. It is an evil stone. He wrenches open the locket, reopens his wound, and bleeds to death. His friend, finding him dead, picks up the historic stone.

“The diamond was only a crystal after all.” Frederic Jesup Stimson, _Guerndale_ (1881).

=Guyn´teline= or =Guithtlin=, according to Geoffrey, son of Gurgiun´e Brabtrue (_British History_, iii. 11, 12, 13); but, according to Drayton, son of Gurgustus, an early British king. (See GURGUSTUS). His queen was Martia, who codified what are called the Martian Laws, translated into Anglo-Saxon by King Alfred. (See MARTIAN LAWS.)

Gurgustus ... left what his great father won
To Guynteline his heir, whose queen ...
To wise Mulmutius laws her Martian first did frame.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

=Guyon=, (_Sir_), the personification of “temperance.” The victory of temperance over intemperance is the subject of bk. ii. of the _Faëry Queen_. Sir Guyon first lights on Amavia (intemperance of _grief_), a woman who kills herself out of grief for her husband; and he takes her infant boy and commits it to the care of Medi´na. He next meets Braggadoccio (intemperance of the _tongue_), who is stripped bare of everything. He then encounters Furor (intemperance of _anger_), and delivers Phaon from his hands. Intemperance of _desire_ is discomfited in the persons of Pyr´oclês and Cym´oclês; then intemperance of _pleasure_, or wantonness, in the person of Phædria. After his victory over wantonness, he sees Mammon (intemperance of _worldly wealth and honor_); but he rejects all his offers, and Mammon is foiled. His last and great achievement is the destruction of the “Bower of Bliss,” and the binding in chains of adamant the enchantress Acrasia (or _intemperance_ generally). This enchantress was fearless against Force, but Wisdom and Temperance prevail against her.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 12 (1500).

=Guyot= (_Bertrand_), one of the archers in the Scottish guard attached to Louis XI.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Guzman d’Alfara´che= (_4 syl._), hero of a Spanish romance of roguery. He begins by being a dupe, but soon becomes a knave in the character of stable-boy, beggar, swindler, pander, student, merchant, and so on.—Mateo Aleman (1599).

=Guzman.= The priest who brings up _Don Juan_ in Mansfield’s play of that name. He tries to train the boy aright; failing in this, he screens him and palliates his offences; makes a desperate effort to save his life when he is menaced by Don Alonzo, frustrated by the youth’s chivalric self-devotion, and is with the hapless prisoner at the moment of his death.—Richard Mansfield, _Don Juan_ (1891).

=Gwenhid´wy=, a mermaid. The white foamy waves are called her sheep, and the ninth wave her ram.

Take shelter when you see Gwenhidwy driving her flock ashore.—_Welsh Proverb_.

... they watched the great sea fall,
Wave after wave, each mightier than the last;
Till, last a ninth one, gathering half the deep,
And full of voices, slowly rose and plunged,
Roaring, and all the wave was in a flame.
Tennyson, _The Holy Grail_.

=Gwilt= (_Miss_), plotter and betrayer, in Wilkie Collins’s novel, _Armadale_.

=Gwynne= (_Nell_), one of the favorites of Charles II. She was an actress, but in her palmy days was noted for her many works of benevolence and kindness of heart. The last words of King Charles were, “Don’t let poor Nellie starve!”—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Gyas and Cloan´thus=, two companions of Æne´as, generally mentioned together as “fortis Gyas fortisque Cloanthus.” The phrase has become proverbial for two very similar characters.—Virgil, _Æneid_.

The “strong Gyas” and the “strong Cloanthus” are less distinguished by the poet than the strong Percival and the strong Osbaldistones were by outward appearance.—Sir W. Scott.

=Gyges= (_2 syl._), one of the Titans. He had fifty heads and a hundred hands.

_Gyges_, a king of Lydia, of whom Apollo said he deemed the poor Arcadian Ag´laos more happy than the King Gyges, who was proverbial for his wealth.

_Gyges_ (_2 syl._), who dethroned Candaulês (_3 syl._), king of Lydia, and married Nyssia, the young widow. Herodotos says that Candaulês showed Gyges the queen naked, and the queen, indignant at this impropriety, induced Gyges to kill the king and marry her (bk. i. 8). He reigned B.C. 716-678.

_Gyges’s Ring_ rendered the wearer invisible. Plato says that Gyges found the ring in the flanks of a brazen horse, and was enabled by this talisman to enter the king’s chamber unseen, and murder him.

Why did you think that you had Gyges’ ring,
Or the herb [_fern seed_] that gives invisibility?
Beaumont and Fletcher, _Fair Maid of the Inn_, i. 1 (1647).

=Gyneth=, natural daughter of Guendŏlen and King Arthur. The king promised to give her in marriage to the bravest knight in a tournament in which the warder was given to her to drop when she pleased. The haughty beauty saw twenty knights fall, among whom was Vanoc, son of Merlin. Immediately Vanoc fell, Merlin rose, put an end to the jousts, and caused Gyneth to fall into a trance, from which she was never to wake till her hand was claimed in marriage by some knight as brave as those who had fallen in the tournament. After the lapse of 500 years, De Vaux undertook to break the spell, and had to overcome four temptations, viz., fear, avarice, pleasure, and ambition. Having succeeded in these encounters, Gyneth awoke and became his bride.—Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_ (1813).

=Gyp=, the college servant of Blushington, who stole his tea and sugar, candles, and so on. After Blushington came into his fortune he made Gyp his chief domestic and private secretary.—W.T. Moncrieff, _The Bashful Man_.

=Gyptian= (_Saint_), a vagrant.

Percase [_perchance_] sometimes St. Gyptian’s pilgrymage
Did carie me a month (yea, sometimes more)
To brake the bowres [_to reject the food provided_],
Bicause they had no better cheere in store.
G. Gascoigne, _The Fruites of Warre_, 100 (died 1557).

=H. B.=, the initials adopted by Mr. Doyle, father of Richard Doyle, in his _Reform Caricatures_ (1830).

=H. H.=, Pen-name of Helen Hunt Jackson, authoress of _Ramona, A Century of Dishonor_, etc.

=Hackburn= (_Simon of_), a friend of Hobbie Elliott, farmer at the Heugh-foot.—Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

=Hackum= (_Captain_), a thick-headed bully of Alsatia, once a sergeant in Flanders. He deserted his colors, fled to England, took refuge in Alsatia, and assumed the title of captain.—Shadwell, _Squire of Alsatia_ (1688).

=Hadad=, one of the six Wise Men of the East led by the guiding star to Jesus. He left his beloved consort, fairest of the daughters of Bethu´rim. At his decease she shed no tear, yet was her love exceeding that of mortals.—Klopstock, _The Messiah_, v. (1771).

=Had´away= (_Jack_), a former neighbor of Nanty Ewart, the smuggler-captain.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Ha´des= (_2 syl_.), the god of the unseen world; also applied to the grave, or the abode of departed spirits.

⁂ In the _Apostles’ Creed_, the phrase “descended into hell” is equivalent to “descended into hadês.”

=Hadgi= (_Abdallah el_), the soldan’s envoy.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Hadoway= (_Mrs._), Lovel’s landlady at Fairport.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Hafed=, a gheber or fire-worshipper, in love with Hinda, the emir’s daughter. He was the leader of a band sworn to free their country or die in the attempt. His rendezvous was betrayed, but when the Moslem came to arrest him, he threw himself into the sacred fire, and was burnt to death.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (“The Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

=Haf´edal=, the protector of travellers, one of the four gods of the Adites (_2 syl._).

=Hafiz=, the _nom de plume_ of Mr. Stott in the _Morning Press_. Byron calls him “grovelling Stott,” and adds, “What would be the sentiment of the Persian Anacreon ... if he could behold his name assumed by one Stott of Dromore, the most impudent and execrable of literary poachers?”—_English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).

=Hafod.= _As big a fool as Jack Hafod._ Jack Hafod was a retainer of Mr. Bartlett, of Castlemore, Worcestershire, and the _ultimus scurrarum_ of Great Britain. He died at the close of the eighteenth century.

=Hagan=, son of a mortal and a sea-goblin, the Achillês of German romance. He stabbed Siegfried while drinking from a brook, and laid the body at the door of Kriemhild, that she might suppose he had been killed by assassins. Hagan, having killed Siegfried, then seized the “Nibelung hoard,” and buried it in the Rhine, intending to appropriate it. Kriemhild, after her marriage with Etzel, king of the Huns, invited him to the court of her husband, and cut off his head. He is described as “well grown, strongly built, with long sinewy legs, deep broad chest, hair slightly gray, of terrible visage, and of lordly gait” (stanza 1789).—_The Nibelungen Lied_ (1210).

=Ha´garenes= (3 _syl._), the descendants of Hagar. The Arabs and the Spanish Moors are so called.

Often he [_St. James_] hath been seen conquering and destroying the Hagarenes.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iv. 6 (1615).

=Hagenbach= (_Sir Archibald von_), governor of La Frette.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hahlreiner= (_Fraulein_). The Münich landlady who accompanies H.H. as maid in her travels through Germany. During the jaunt she learns so much of other landlord’s ways and manners that “I fear me from this time henceforth, the lodgers in my dear Fraulein’s house will not find it such a marvel of cheap comfort as we did.”—Helen Hunt Jackson, _Bits of Travel_ (1872).

=Haiatal´nefous= (_5 syl._), daughter and only child of Ar´manys, king of the “Isle of Ebony.” She and Badoura were the two wives of Prince Camaral´zaman, and gave birth at the same time to two princes. Badoura called her son Amgiad (“the most glorious”), and Haiatalnefous called her’s Assad (“the most happy”).—_Arabian Nights_ (“Camaralzaman and Badoura”).

=Haidée=, “the beauty of the Cycladês,” was the daughter of Lambro, a Greek pirate, living in one of the Cycladês. Her mother was a Moorish maiden of Fez, who died when Haidee was a mere child. Being brought up in utter loneliness, she was wholly Nature’s child. One day, Don Juan was cast on the shore, the only one saved from a shipwrecked crew, tossed about for many days in the long-boat. Haidée lighted on the lad, and, having nursed him in a cave, fell in love with him. A report being heard that Lambro was dead, Don Juan gave a banquet, but in the midst of the revelry, the old pirate returned, and ordered Don Juan to be seized and sold as a slave. Haidée broke a blood-vessel from grief and fright, and, refusing to take any nourishment, died.—Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 118; iii., iv. (1819, 1821).

=Haimon= (_The Four Sons of_), the title of a minnesong in the degeneracy of that poetic school, which rose in Germany with the house of Hohenstaufen, and went out in the middle of the thirteenth century.

=Hair.= Every three days, when Cor´sina combed the hair of Fairstar and her two brothers, “a great many valuable jewels were combed out, which she sold at the nearest town.”—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“Princess Fairstar,” 1682).

“I suspected,” said Corsina, “that Cherry is not the brother of Fairstar, for he has neither a star nor collar of gold as Fairstar and her brothers have.” “That’s true,” rejoined her husband; “but jewels fall out of his hair, as well as out of the others.”—_Princess Fairstar_.

_Hair._ Mrs. Astley, an actress of the last century, wife of “Old Astley,” could stand up and cover her feet with her flaxen hair.

She had such luxuriant hair that she could stand upright and it covered her to her feet like a veil. She was very proud of these flaxen locks; and a slight accident by fire having befallen them, she resolved ever after to play in a wig. She used, therefore, to wind this immense quantity of hair round her head, and put over it a capacious caxon, the consequence of which was that her head bore about the same proportion to the rest of her figure that a whale’s skull does to its body.—Philip Astley (1742-1814).

_Hair._ Mdlle. Bois de Chêne, exhibited in London in 1852-3, had a most profuse head of hair, and also a strong black beard, large whiskers, and thick hair on her arms and legs.

Charles XII. had in his army a woman whose beard was a yard and a half long. She was taken prisoner at the battle of Pultowa, and presented to the Czar in 1724.

Johann Mayo, the German painter, had a beard which touched the ground when he stood up.

Master George Killingworthe, in the court of Ivan “the Terrible” of Russia, had a beard five feet two inches long. It was thick, broad, and of a yellowish hue.—Hakluyt (1589).

=Hair Cut Off.= It was said by the Greeks and Romans that life would not quit the body of a devoted victim till a lock of hair had first been cut from the head of the victim and given to Proserpine. Thus, when Alcestis was about to die as a voluntary sacrifice for the life of her husband, Than´atos first cut off a lock of her hair for the queen of the infernals. When Dido immolated herself, she could not die till Iris had cut off one of her yellow locks for the same purpose.—Virgil, _Æneid_, iv. 693-705.

Iris cut the yellow hair of unhappy Dido, and broke the charm.—O. W. Holmes, _Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_.

=Hair, Sign of Rank.=

The Parthians and ancient Persians of high rank wore long flowing hair.

Homer speaks of “the long-haired Greeks” by way of honorable distinction. Subsequently the Athenian cavalry wore long hair, and all Lacedæmonian soldiers did the same.

The Gauls considered long hair a notable honor, for which reason Julius Cæsar obliged them to cut off their hair in token of submission.

The Franks and ancient Germans considered long hair a mark of noble birth. Hence Clodion, the Frank, was called “The Long-Haired,” and his successors are spoken of as _les rois chevelures_.

The Goths looked on long hair as a mark of honor, and short hair as a mark of thraldom.

For many centuries long hair was in France the distinctive mark of kings and nobles.