Chapter XXII: Part 22

MORAVIA was the site of a victory (July 11, 1809).

MOSCOW was his pitfall. (See “Milan”).

MAY. In this month he quitted Corsica, married Joséphine, took command of the army of Italy, crossed the Alps, assumed the title of emperor, and was crowned at Milan. In the same month he was defeated at Aspern, he arrived at Elba, and died at St. Helena.

MARCH. In this month he was proclaimed king of Italy, made his brother Joseph king of the Two Sicilies, married Marie Louise by proxy, his son was born, and he arrived at Paris after quitting Elba.

MAY 2, 1813, battle of Lützen.
3, 1793, he quits Corsica.
4, 1814, he arrives at Elba.
5, 1821, he dies at St. Helena.
6, 1800, he takes command of the army of Italy.
9, 1796, he marries Joséphine.
10, 1796, battle of Lodi.
13, 1809, he enters Vienna.
15, 1796, he enters Milan.
16, 1797, he defeats the Arch-duke Charles.

MAY 17, 1800, he begins his passage across the Alps.
17, 1809, he annexes the States of the Church.
18, 1804, he assumes the title of emperor.
19, 1798, he starts for Egypt.
20, 1800, he finishes his passage across the Alps.
21, 1813, battle of Bautzen.
22, 1803, he declares war against England.
22, 1809, he was defeated at Aspern.
26, 1805, he was crowned at Milan.
30, 1805, he annexes Lisbon.
31, 1803, he seizes Hanover.

MARCH 1, 1815, he lands on French soil, after quitting Elba.
3, 1806, he makes his brother Joseph king of the Two Sicilies.
4, 1799, he invests Jaffa.
6, 1799, he takes Jaffa.
11, 1810, he marries, by proxy, Marie Louise.
13, 1805, he is proclaimed king of Italy.
16, 1799, he invests Acre.
20, 1812, birth of his son.
20, 1815, he reaches Paris, after quitting Elba.
21, 1804, he shoots the duc d’Enghien.
25, 1802, peace of Amiens.
31, 1814, Paris entered by the allies.

NAPOLEON III.:

MACMAHON, duke of Magenta, his most distinguished marshal, and, after a few months, succeeded him as ruler of France (1873-1879). MALAKOFF (_duke of_), next to McMahon his most distinguished marshal. MARIA, of Portugal, was the lady his friends wanted him to marry, but he refused to do so. MAXIMILIAN and Mexico, his evil stars (1864-1867).

MENSCHIKOFF was the Russian general defeated at the battle of the Alma (September 20, 1854).

MICHAUD, MIGNET, MICHELET and MÉRIMÉE were distinguished writers in the reign of Napoleon III. MOLTKE was his destiny.

MONTHOLON was one of his companions in the escapade at Boulogne, and was condemned to imprisonment for twenty years.

MONTIJO (_countess of_), his wife. Her name is Marie Eugénie, and his son was born in March; so was the son of Napoleon I. MORNY, his greatest friend. MAGENTA, a victory won by him (June 4, 1859). MALAKOFF. Taking the Malakoff tower and the Mamelon-vert were the great exploits of the Crimean War (September 8, 1855). MAMELON-VERT. (See above). MANTUA. He turned back before the walls of Mantua after the battle of the Mincio. MARENGO. Here he planned his first battle of the Italian campaign, but it was not fought till after those of Montebello and Magenta. MARIGNANO. He drove the Austrians out of this place. METZ, the “maiden fortress,” was one of the most important sieges and losses to him in the Franco-Prussian war. MEXICO and Maximilian, his evil stars. MILAN. He made his entrance into Milan, and drove the Austrians out of Marignano. MINCIO (_The battle of_), called also Solfernio, a great victory. Having won this he turned back at the walls of Mantua (June 24, 1859). MONTEBELLO, a victory won by him (June, 1859). ⁂ The mitrailleuse was to win him Prussia, but it lost him France. MARCH. In this month his son was born, he was deposed by the National Assembly, and was set at liberty by the Prussians. The treaty of Paris was March 30, 1856. Savoy and Nice were annexed in March, 1860. MAY. In this month he made his escape from Ham. The great French Exhibition was opened in May, 1855. By far his best publication is his _Manual of Artillery_.

=Mab=, queen of the fairies, according to the mythology of the English poets of the fifteenth century. Shakespeare’s description is in _Romeo and Juliet_, act i. sc. 4 (1598).

_Queen Mab’s Maids of Honor._ They were Hop and Mop, Drap, Pip, Trip and Skip. Her train of waiting-maids were Fib and Tib, Pinck and Pin, Tick and Quick, Jill and Jin, Tit and Nit, Wap and Win.—M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).

_Queen Mab, the Fairies’ Midwife_, that is, the midwife of men’s dreams, employed by the fairies.

O, then I see Queen Mab hath been with you.
She is the fairies’ midwife—
_Romeo and Juliet_, act i. sc. 4.

=Mabel Dunham.= Modest, amiable, yet spirited girl, educated at the East, who goes to the shores of Lake Ontario to meet her father, a major in charge of an English garrison. The nickname of “Magnet,” given by her sailor uncle, aptly describes her influence upon her associates, especially Jasper Western and Pathfinder. She marries Western.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Pathfinder_ (183-).

=Maca´ber= (_The Dance_) or the “Dance of Death” (Arabic, _makabir_, “a church-yard”). The dance of death was a favorite subject in the Middle Ages for wall-paintings in cemeteries and churches, especially in Germany. Death is represented as presiding over a round of dancers, consisting of rich and poor, old and young, male and female. A work descriptive of this dance, originally in German, has been translated into most European languages, and the wood-cuts after Holbein’s designs, published at Lyons in 1553, have a worldwide reputation. Others are at Minden, Lucerne, Lubeck, Dresden, and the north side of old St. Paul’s.

_Elsie._ What are these paintings on the walls around us?
_Prince._ “The Dance of Macaber” ... “The Dance of Death.”
Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Macaire= (_Le Chevalier Richard_), a French knight, who, aided by Lieutenant Landry, murdered Aubrey de Montdidier in the forest of Bondy, in 1371. Montdidier’s dog, named Dragon, showed such an aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused, and the man and dog were pitted to single combat. The result was fatal to the man, who died confessing his guilt.

There are two French plays on the subject, one entitled _Le Chien de Montargis_, and the other _Le Chien d’Aubry_. The former of these has been adapted to the English stage. Dragon was called _Chien de Montargis_, because the assassination took place near this castle, and was depicted in the great hall over the chimney-piece.

In the English drama, the sash of the murdered man is found in the possession of Lieutenant Macaire, and is recognized by Ursula, who worked the sword-knot, and gave it to Captain Aubri, who was her sweetheart. Macaire then confessed the crime. His accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by the dog, Dragon, and bitten to death.

_Macaire_ (_Robert_), a cant name for a Frenchman.

=MacAlpine= (_Jeanie_), landlady of the Clachan of Aberfoyle.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=Macamut=, a sultan of Cambaya, who lived so much upon poison that his very breath and touch were fatal.—Purchas, _Pilgrimage_ (1613).

=MacAnaleister= (_Eachin_), a follower of Rob Roy.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=Macare= (_2 syl._), the impersonation of good temper.—Voltaire, _Thelème and Macare_ (an allegory).

=Macaulay= (_Angus_), a Highland chief in the army of the earl of Montrose.

_Allan Macaulay_, or “Allan of the Red Hand,” brother of Angus. Allan is “a seer,” and is in love with Annot Lyle. He stabs the earl of Menteith on the eve of his marriage, out of jealousy, but the earl recovers and marries Annot Lyle.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macbeth=, son of Sinel, thane of Glamis, and grandson of Malcolm II., by his second daughter; the elder daughter married Crynin, father of Duncan, who succeded his grandfather on the throne. Hence, King Duncan and Macbeth were cousins. Duncan, staying as a guest with Macbeth, at the Castle of Inverness (1040), was murdered by his host, who then usurped the crown. The battle which Macbeth had just won was this: Sueno, king of Norway, had landed with an army in Fife for the purpose of invading Scotland; Macbeth and Banquo were sent against him, and defeated him with such loss that only ten men of all his army escaped alive. Macbeth was promised by the witches (1) that none of woman born should kill him, and (2) that he should not die till Burham Wood removed to Dunsinane. He was slain in battle by Macduff, who was “from his mother’s womb untimely ripped;” and as for the moving wood, the soldiers of Macduff, in their march to Dunsinane, were commanded to carry boughs of the forest before them to conceal their numbers.

_Lady Macbeth_, wife of Macbeth, a woman of great ambition and inexorable will. When her husband told her that the witches prophesied he should be king, she induced him to murder Duncan, who was at the time their guest. She would herself have done it, but he looked in sleep so like her father that she could not. However, when Macbeth had murdered the king, she felt no scruple in murdering the two grooms that slept with him, and throwing the guilt on them. After her husband was crowned, she was greatly troubled by dreams, and used to walk in her sleep, trying to rub from her hands imaginary stains of blood. She died, probably by her own hand.—Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606).

“It is related of Mrs. Betterton,” says C. Dibdin, “that though ‘Lady Macbeth’ had been frequently well performed, no actress, not even Mrs. Barry, could in the smallest degree be compared to her.” Mrs. Siddons calls Mrs. Pritchard “the greatest of all the ‘Lady Macbeths;’” but Mrs. Siddons herself was so great in this character that, in the sleep-walking scene, in her farewell performance, the whole audience stood on the benches, and demanded that the performance should end with that scene.

⁂ Dr. Lardner says that the name of Lady Macbeth was Graoch, and that she was the daughter of Kenneth IV.

=MacBriar= (_Ephraim_), an enthusiast and a preacher.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=MacBride= (_Miss_), heroine of John G. Saxe’s _Proud Miss MacBride_, who was even “proud of her pride,” (1850).

=Mac´cabee= (_Father_), the name assumed by King Roderick, after his dethronement.—Southey, _Roderick, the Last of the Goths_ (1814).

=MacCallum= (_Dougal_), the auld butler of Sir Robert Redgauntlet, introduced in Wandering Willie’s story.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=MacCandlish= (_Mrs._), landlady of the Gordon Arms inn at Kippletringan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacCasquil= (_Mr._), of Drumquag, a relation of Mrs. Margaret Bertram.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacChoak´umchild=, schoolmaster at Coketown. A man crammed with facts. “He and some 140 other schoolmasters had been lately turned at the same time, in the same factory, on the same principles, like so many pianoforte legs.”—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=MacCombich= (_Evan Dhu_), foster-brother of Fergus M’Ivor, both of whom were sentenced to death at Carlisle.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

_MacCombich_ (_Robin Oig_), or M’Gregor, a Highland drover, who stabs Harry Wakefield, and is found guilty at Carlisle.—Sir W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time, George III.).

=MacCrosskie= (_Deacon_), of Creochstone, a neighbor of the laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacDonald’s Breed= (_Lord_), vermin, or human parasites. Lord MacDonald, son of the “Lord of the Isles” once made a raid on the mainland. He and his followers dressed themselves in the clothes of the plundered party, but their own rags were so full of vermin that no one was poor enough to covet them.

=MacDougal of Lorn=, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macduff=, thane of Fife in the time of Edward the Confessor. One of the witches told Macbeth to “beware of the thane of Fife,” but another added that “none of woman born should have power to harm him.” Macduff was at this moment in England, raising an army to dethrone Macbeth, and place Malcolm (son of Duncan) on the throne. Macbeth did not know of his absence, but with a view of cutting him off, attacked his castle, and slew Lady Macduff with all her children. Having raised an army, Macduff led it to Dunsinane, where a furious battle ensued. Macduff encountered Macbeth, and being told by the king that “none of woman born could prevail against him,” replied that he (Macduff) was not _born_ of a woman, but—

——was from his mother’s womb
Untimely ripp’d.

They fought and Macbeth was killed.—Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act v. sc. 8.

=Macey.= Sturdy good man who refuses to give up a persecuted Quaker who has sought his house for refuge. Macey would keep off the posse with his gun, but the Friend yields himself up. When the attempt is made to arrest Macey, also, he and his wife escape by boat to the then desolate Island of Nautucket and make there a home.

“And yet that isle remaineth
A refuge of the free,
As when true-hearted Macey
Beheld it from the sea.
Free as the winds that winnow
Her shrubless hills of sand,
Free as the waves that batter
Along her yielding land.”
_Poems_, John Greenleaf Whittier.

=MacEagh= (_Ranald_), one of the “Children of the Mist,” and an outlaw. Ranald is the foe of Allan Macaulay.

_Kenneth M’Eagh_, grandson of Ranald M’Eagh.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macedonicus=, Æmilius Paulus, conqueror of Perseus (b.c. 230-160).

=Macfie=, the laird of Gudgeonford, a neighbor of the laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Macfin= (_Miles_), the cadie in the Canongate, Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacFittoch= (_Mr._), the dancing-master at Middlemas.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=MacFleck´noe=, in Dryden’s satire so called, is meant for Thomas Shadwell, who was promoted to the office of poet-laureate. The design of Dryden’s poem is to represent the inauguration of one dullard as successor of another in the monarchy of nonsense. R. Flecknoe was an Irish priest and hackney poet of no reputation, and _Mac_ in Celtic being _son_, “MacFlecknoe” means the son of the poetaster so named. Flecknoe, seeking for a successor to his own dulness, selects Shadwell to bear his mantle.

Shadwell alone my perfect image bears,
Mature in dulness from his tender years;...
The rest to some faint meaning make pretence,
But Shadwell never deviates into sense.
Dryden, _MacFlecknoe_ (a satire, 1682).

=McFlimsey= (_Miss Flora_). Fashion-mad heroine of William Allen Butler’s satire, _Nothing to Wear_. With a score of modish toilettes, she represented herself as unable to attend a ball, because she had nothing to wear (1857).

=MacGrainer= (_Master_), a dissenting minister at Kippletringan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacGregor= (_Rob Roy_) or ROBERT CAMPBELL, the outlaw. He was a Highland freebooter.

_Helen M’Gregor_, Rob Roy’s wife.

_Hamish_ and _Robert Oig_, the sons of Rob Roy.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_MacGregor_, or Robin Oig M’Combich, a Highland drover, who stabbed Harry Wakefield at an ale-house. Being tried at Carlisle for the murder, he was found guilty and condemned.—Sir W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time, George III.).

=MacGruther= (_Sandie_), a beggar imprisoned by Mr. Godfrey Bertram, laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacGuffog= (_David_), keeper of Portanferry prison.

_Mrs. M’Guffog_, David’s wife.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Macham= (_Robert_), the discoverer of Madeira Island, to which he was driven while eloping with his lady-love (A.D. 1344). The lady soon died, and the mariners made off with the ship. Macham, after his mourning was over, made a rude boat out of a tree, and, with two or three men, putting forth to sea, landed on the shores of Africa. The Rev. W. L. Bowles has made the marvellous adventures of Robert Macham the subject of a poem; and Drayton, in his _Polyolbion_, xix, has devoted twenty-two lines to the same subject.

=Macheath= (_Captain_), captain of a gang of highwaymen; a fine, bold-faced ruffian, “game” to the very last. He is married to Polly Peachum, but finds himself dreadfully embarrassed between Polly, his wife, and Lucy, to whom he has promised marriage. Being betrayed by eight women at a drinking bout, the captain is lodged in Newgate, but Lucy effects his escape. He is recaptured, tried, and condemned to death; but, being reprieved, acknowledges Polly to be his wife, and promises to remain constant to her for the future.—J. Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

=Machiavelli= (_Niccolo del_), of Florence, author of a book called _The Prince_, the object of which is to show that all is fair in diplomacy, as well as in “love and war” (1469-1527).

⁂ _Machiavellism_, political cunning and duplicity, the art of tricking and overreaching by diplomacy.

Tiberius, the Roman emperor, is called “The Imperial Machiavelli” (B.C. 42 to A.D. 37).

=MacIan= (_Gilchrist_), father of Ian Eachin M’Ian.

_Ian Eachin_ (or _Hector_) _M’Ian_, called Conachar, chief of the clan Quhele, son of Gilchrist M’Ian. Hector is old Glover’s Highland apprentice, and casts himself down a precipice, because Catharine Glover loves Henry Smith better than himself.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=MacIlduy=, or Mhich Connel Dhu, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir. W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=MacIntyre= (_Maria_), niece of Mr. Jonathan Oldbuck, “the antiquary.”

_Captain Hector M’Intyre_, nephew of Mr. Jonathan Oldbuck, and brother of Maria M’Intyre.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=MacIvor= (_Fergus_), or “Vich Ian Vohr,” chief of Glennaquoich.

_Flora M’Ivor_, sister of Fergus, and the heroine of _Waverley_.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Mackitchinson=, landlord at the Queen’s Ferry Inn.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Macklin.= The real name of this great actor was Charles MacLaughlin; but he dropped the middle syllable when he came to England (1690-1797).

_Macklin_ (_Sir_), a priest who preached to Tom and Bob and Billy, on the sinfulness of walking on Sundays. At his “sixthly” he said, “Ha, ha, I see you raise your hands in agony!” They certainly had raised their hands, for they were yawning. At his “twenty-firstly” he cried, “Ho, ho, I see you bow your heads in hear[t**]felt sorrow!” Truly they bowed their heads, for they were sleeping. Still on he preached and thumped his hat, when the bishop passing by, cried, “Bosh!” and walked him off.—W. S. Gilbert, _The Bab Ballads_ (“Sir Macklin”).

=Maclean= (_Sir Hector_), a Highland chief in the army of Montrose, Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macleary= (_Widow_), landlady of the Tully Veolan village ale-house.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=MacLeish= (_Donald_), postilion to Mrs. Bethune Baliol.—Sir W. Scott, _Highland Widow_ (time, George II.).

=Macleod= (_Colin_ or _Cawdie_), a Scotchman, one of the house-servants of Lord Abberville, entrusted with the financial department of his lordship’s household. Most strictly honest and economical, Colin Macleod is hated by his fellow-servants, and, having been in the service of the family for many years, tries to check his young master in his road to ruin.

⁂ The object of the author in this character is “to weed out the unmanly prejudice of Englishmen against the Scotch,” as the object of _The Jew_ (another drama) was to weed out the prejudice of Christians against that much-maligned people.—Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).

=Macleod of Dare.= Young Scotchman who visits London and loses his heart to a beautiful actress. She encourages him for a while, but in the end jilts him. In the insanity consequent upon the disappointment, he causes her death and his own.—William Black, _Macleod of Dare_.

=Macleuchar= (_Mrs._), bookkeeper at the coach-office in Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George II.).

=MacLouis=, captain of the king’s guard.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Maclure= (_Elizabeth_), an old widow and a covenanter.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=MacMorlan= (_Mr._), deputy-sheriff, and guardian to Lucy Bertram.

_Mrs. M’Morlan_, his wife.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacMurrough=, “Nan Fonn,” the family bard at Glennaquoich to Fergus M’Ivor.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Ma´coma´=, a good and wise genius, who protects the prudent and pious against the wiles of all evil genii.—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

=MacPhadraick= (_Miles_), a Highland officer under Barcaldine, or Captain Campbell.—Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_, (time, George II.).

=Macraw= (_Francis_), an old domestic at the earl of Glenallen’s.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Macready= (_Pate_), a pedlar, the friend of Andrew Fairservice, gardener at Osbaldistone Hall.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=Mac´reons=, the British. Great Britain is the “Ireland of the Macreons.” The word is a Greek compound, meaning “long-lived,” “because no one is put to death there for his religious opinions.” Rabelais says the island “is full of antique ruins and relics of popery and ancient superstitions.”—Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_ (1545).

⁂ Rabelais describes the persecutions which the Reformers met with as a storm at sea, in which Pantagruel and his fleet were tempest-tossed.

=Macro´bii= (“_the long-lived_”), an Ethiopian race, said to live to 120 years and upwards. They are the handsomest and tallest of all men, as well as the longest-lived.

=Macroth´umus=. long-suffering personified. (Greek, _makrothumia_=long suffering). Fully described in _The Purple Island_, (canto x.).—Phineas Fletcher (1633).

=MacSarcasm= (_Sir Archy_), in _Love à-la-mode,_ by C. Macklin (1779). Boaden says: “To Covent Garden, G. F. Cooke [1746-1812] was a great acquisition, as he was a ‘Shylock,’ an ‘Iago,’ a ‘Kitely,’ a ‘Sir Archy,’ and a ‘Sir Pertinax’ [_McSycophant_].” Leigh Hunt says that G. F. Cooke was a new kind of Macklin, and, like him, excelled in “Shylock” and “Sir Archy M’Sarcasm.”

⁂ “Shylock” in the _Merchant of Venice_ (Shakespeare); “Iago” in _Othello_ (Shakespeare); “Kitely” in _Every Man in His Humor_ (B. Jonson); “Sir Archy,” that is, “M’Sarcasm”; “Sir Pertinax McSycophant” in _The Man of the World_ (Macklin).

=MacSillergrip=, a Scotch pawnbroker, in search of Robin Scrawkey, his runaway apprentice, whom he pursues upstairs and assails with blows.

_Mrs. M’Sillergrip_, the pawnbroker’s wife, always in terror lest the manager should pay her indecorous attentions.—Charles Mathews (At home, in _Multiple_).

The skill with which Mathews [1775-1835] carried on a conversation between these three persons produced a most astonishing effect.—_Contemporary Paper_.

=MacStin´ger= (_Mrs._), a widow who kept lodgings at No. 9 Brig Place, on the brink of a canal near the India Docks. Captain Cuttle lodged there. Mrs. MacStinger was a termagant, and rendered the captain’s life miserable. He was afraid of her, and, although her lodger, was her slave. When her son, Alexander, was refractory, Mrs. MacStinger used to seat him on a cold paving-stone. She contrived to make Captain Bunsby her second husband.—C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

=MacSyc´ophant= (_Sir Pertinax_), the hotheaded, ambitious father of Charles Egerton. His love for Scotland is very great, and he is continually quarrelling with his family because they do not hold his country in sufficient reverence.

I raised it [_my fortune_] by booing ... I never could stand straight in the presence of a great man, but always booed, and booed, and booed, as it were by instinct.—Act. iii. 1.

_Charles Egerton M’Sycophant_, son of Sir Pertinax. Egerton was the mother’s name. Charles Egerton marries Constantia.—C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).

=Mactab= (_The Hon. Miss Lucretia_), sister of Lord Lofty, and sister-in-law of Lieutenant Worthington, “the poor gentleman.” Miss Lucretia was an old maid, “stiff as a ramrod.” Being very poor, she allowed the lieutenant “the honor of maintaining her,” for which “she handsomely gave him her countenance;” but when the lieutenant was obliged to discontinue his hospitality, she resolved to “countenance a tobacconist of Glasgow, who was her sixteenth cousin.”—G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

=MacTavish Mhor= or Hamish M’Tavish, a Highland outlaw.

_Elspat M’Tavish_, or “The Woman of the Tree,” widow of M’Tavish Mhor; “the Highland widow.” She prevents her son from joining his regiment, in consequence of which he is shot as a deserter, and Elspat goes mad.

_Hamish Beam M’Tavish_, son of Elspat M’Tavish. He joins a Highland regiment, and goes to visit his mother, who gives him a sleeping draught to detain him. As he does not join his regiment in time, he is arrested for desertion, tried, and shot at Dunbarton Castle.—Sir W. Scott, _Highland Widow_ (time, George II.).

=MacTurk= (_Captain Mungo_ or _Hector_), “the man of peace,” in the managing committee of the Spa Hotel.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=MacVittie= (_Ephraim_), a Glasgow merchant, one of Osbaldistone’s creditors.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=MacWheeble= (_Duncan_), bailie at Tully Veolan, to the baron of Bradwardine.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Mad.= The Bedlam of Belgium is Gheel, where madmen reside in the houses of the inhabitants, generally one in each family.

Dymphna was a woman of rank, murdered by her father for resisting his incestuous passion, and became the tutelar saint of those stricken in spirit. A shrine in time rose in her honor, which for ten centuries has been consecrated to the relief of mental diseases. This was the origin of the insane colony of Gheel.

=Mad Cavalier= (_The_), Prince Rupert, of Bavaria, nephew of Charles I. He was noted for his rash courage and impetuosity (1619-1682).

=Mad Lover= (_The_), a drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (before 1618). The name of the “mad lover” is Memnon, who is general of Astorax, king of Paphos.

=Mad Poet= (_The_), Nathaniel Lee (1657-1690).

=Madasi´ma= (_Queen_), an important character in the old romance called _Am´adis de Gaul_; her constant attendant was Elis´abat, a famous surgeon, with whom she roamed in solitary retreats.

=Mad´elon=, cousin of Cathos, and daughter of Gor´gibus, a plain citizen of the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had their heads turned by novels, and, thinking their names commonplace, Madelon calls herself Polixĕna, and Cathos calls herself Aminta. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls fancy their manners are too easy to be “stylish;” so the gentlemen send their valets to them, as the “marquis of Mascarille” and the “viscount of Jodelot.” The girls are delighted with these “real gentlemen;” but when the farce has been carried far enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. The girls are thus taught a useful lesson, but are not subjected to any serious ill consequences.—Molière, _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659).

=Mademoiselle.= What is understood by this word when it stands alone is Mdlle. de Montpensier, daughter of Gaston, duc d’Orléans, and cousin of Louis XIV.

Anne Marie Louis d’Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier, connue sous le nom de _mademoiselle_, née à Paris, 1627; m. 1693; était fille de Gaston d’Orléans frère de Louis XIII.—Bouillet.

_Mademoiselle_, the French lady’s-maid, waiting on Lady Fanciful; full of the grossest flattery, and advising her ladyship to the most unwarrantable intrigues. Lady Fanciful says, “The French are certainly the prettiest and most obliging people. They say the most acceptable, well-mannered things, and never flatter.” When induced to do what her conscience and education revolted at, she would playfully rebuke Mdlle. with, “Ah! la méchante Françoise!” to which Mdlle. would respond, “Ah! la belle Anglaise!”—Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1697).

=Madge Wildfire=, the insane daughter of old Meg Murdochson, the gypsy thief. Madge was a beautiful, but giddy girl, whose brain was crazed by seduction and the murder of her infant.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Madman= (_Macedonia’s_), Alexander, the Great (B.C. 356, 336-323).

Heroes are much the same, the points agreed,

From Macedonia’s Madman, to the Swede [_Charles XII_.].
Pope, _Essay on Man_, iv. 219 (1733).

How vain, how worse than vain, at length appear
The madman’s wish, the Macedonian tear!
He wept for worlds to conquer; half the earth
Knows not his name, or but his death and birth.
Byron, _Age of Bronze_ (1819).

_Madman (The Brilliant)_, Charles XII., of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).

=Madman of the North=, Charles XII., of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).

=Madoc=, youngest son of Owain Gwynedd, king of North Wales (who died 1169). He is called “The Perfect Prince,” “The Lord of Ocean,” and is the very beau-ideal of a hero. Invincible, courageous, strong and daring, but amiable, merciful and tender-hearted; most pious, but without bigotry; most wise, but without dogmatism; most provident and far-seeing. He left his native country in 1170, and ventured on the ocean to discover a new world; his vessels reached America, and he founded a settlement near the Missouri. Having made an alliance with the Az´tecas, he returned to Wales for a fresh supply of colonists, and conducted six ships in safety to the new settlement, called Caer-Madoc. War soon broke out between the natives and the strangers; but the white men proving the conquerors, the Az´tecas migrated to Mexico. On one occasion, being set upon from ambush, Madoc was chained by one foot to “the stone of sacrifice,” and consigned to fight with six volunteers. His first opponent was Ocell´opan, whom he slew; his next was Tlalăla, “the tiger,” but during this contest Cadwallon came to the rescue.—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

... Madoc
Put forth his well-rigged fleet to seek him foreign ground,
And sailèd west so long, until that world he found ...
Long ere Columbus lived.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).

=Mador= (_Sir_), a Scotch knight, who accused Queen Guinever of having poisoned his brother. Sir Launcelot du Lac challenged him to single combat and overthrew him; for which service King Arthur gave the queen’s champion La Joyeuse Garde as a residence.

=Mæce´nas= (_Caius Cilnius_), a wealthy Roman nobleman, a friend of Augustus, and liberal patron of Virgil, Horace, Propertius, and other men of genius. His name has become proverbial for a “munificent friend of literature” (died B.C. 8).

Are you not called a theatrical quidnunc and a mock Mæcēnas to second-hand authors?—Sheridan, _The Critic_, i. (1779).

=Mæ´nad=, a Bacchant, plu. =Mænads= or =Mæ´nades= (_3 syl._). So called from the Greek, _mainomai_ (“to be furious”), because they acted like mad women in their “religious” festivals.

Among the boughs did swelling Bacchus ride,
Whom wild-grown Mænads bore.
Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

=Mæon´ides= (_4 syl._). Homer is so called, either because he was son of Mæon, or because he was a native of Mæon´ia (_Lydia_). He is also called _Mæonius Senex_, and his poems _Mænonian Lays_.

When great Mæonides, in rapid song,
The thundering tide of battle rolls along,
Each ravished bosom feels the high alarms,
And all the burning pulses beat to arms.
Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 1 (1756).

=Mævius, any vile poet.= (See BAVIUS).

But if fond Bavius vent his clouted song,
Or Mævius chant his thoughts in brothel charm,
The witless vulgar, in a numerous throng,
Like summer flies about the dunghill swarm ...
Who hates not one may he the other love.
Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, i. (1633).

=Magalo´na= (_The Fair_), daughter of the king of Naples. She is the heroine of an old romance of chivalry, originally written in French, but translated into Spanish in the fifteenth century. Cervantes alludes to this romance in _Don Quixote_. The main incident of the story turns on a flying horse made by Merlin, which came into the possession of Peter of Provence.—_The History of the Fair Magalona, and Peter, the son of the Count of Provence_.

⁂ Tieck has reproduced the history of Magalona in German (1773-1853).

=Mage Negro King=, Gaspar, king of Tarshish, a black Ethiop, and tallest of the three Magi. His offering was myrrh, indicative of death.

As the Mage negro king to Christ the babe.
Robert Browning, _Luria_, i.

=Maggy=, the half-witted granddaughter of little Dorrit’s nurse. She had had a fever at the age of ten, from ill-treatment, and her mind and intellect never went beyond that period. Thus, if asked her age, she always replied, “Ten;” and she always repeated the last two or three words of what was said to her. She called Amy Dorritt “Little Mother.”

She was about eight and twenty, with large bones, large features, large feet and hands, large eyes, and no hair. Her large eyes were limpid and almost colorless; they seemed to be very little affected by light, and to stand unnaturally still. There was also that attentive listening expression in her face, which is seen in the faces of the blind; but she was not blind, having one tolerably serviceable eye. Her face was not exceedingly ugly, being redeemed by a smile.... A great white cap, with a quantity of opaque frilling ... apologized for Maggy’s baldness, and made it so difficult for her old black bonnet to retain its place on her head, that it held on round her neck like a gypsy’s baby.... The rest of her dress resembled sea-weed, with here and there a gigantic tea-leaf. Her shawl looked like a huge tea-leaf after long infusion.—C. Dickens, _Little Dorrit_, ix. (1857).

=Magi=, or _Three Kings of Cologne_, the “wise men from the East,” who followed the guiding-star to the manger in Bethlehem with offerings. Melchior, king of Nubia, the shortest of the three, offered gold, indicative of royalty; Balthazar, king of Chaldea, offered frankincense, indicative of divinity; and Gaspar, king of Tarshish, a black Ethiop, the tallest of the three, offered myrrh, symbolic of death.

Melchior means “king of light”; Balthazar “lord of treasures;” and Gaspar or Caspar, “the white one.”

⁂ Klopstock, in his _Messiah_, makes the Magi six in number, and gives the names as Hadad, Selima, Zimri, Mirja, Beled and Sunith—Bk. v. (1771).

=Magic Rings=, like that which Gyges, minister to King Candaules of Lydia, found in the flanks of a brazen horse. By means of this ring, which made its wearer invisible, Gyges first dishonored the queen, and then with her assistance, assassinated the king and usurped his throne.—_Plato’s Republic; Cicero’s Offices_.

=Magic Wands.= The hermit gave Charles the Dane and Ubaldo a wand, which, being shaken, infused terror into all who saw it.—Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).

The palmer who accompanied Sir Guyon had a wand of like virtue. It was made of the same wood as Mercury’s caduceus.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. (1590).

=Magician of the North= (_The_), Sir W. Scott (1771-1832).

How beautifully has the Magician of the North described “The Field of Waterloo!”—Lord W.P. Lennox, _Celebrities, etc._, i. 16.

⁂ Johann Georg Hamann of Prussia, called himself “The Magician of the North” (1730-1788).

=Magliabechi=, the greatest book-worm that ever lived. He devoured books, and never forgot anything he read. He had also so exact a memory that he could tell the precise place and shelf of a book, as well as the volume and page of any passage required. He was the librarian of the Great-Duke Cosmo III. His usual dinner was three hard-boiled eggs and a draught of water (1633-1714).

=Magmu=, the coquette of Astracan.

Though naturally handsome, she used every art to set off her beauty. Not a word proceeded from her mouth that was not studied. To counterfeit a violent passion, to sigh _à propos_, to make an attractive gesture, to trifle agreeably, and collect the various graces of dumb eloquence into a smile, were the arts in which she excelled. She spent hours before her glass in deciding how a curl might be made to hang loose upon her neck to the greatest advantage; how to open and shut her lips so as best to show her teeth without affectation—to turn her face full or otherwise, as occasion might require. She looked on herself with ceaseless admiration, and always admired most the works of her own hand in improving on the beauty which nature had bestowed on her.—T. S. Gueulette, _Chinese Tales_ (“Magmu,” 1723).

=Magnanimous= (_The_), Alfonso of Aragon (1385, 1416-1458).

Khosru or Chosroës, the twenty-first of the Sassanĭdês, was surnamed _Noushirwan_ (“Magnanimous”) (*, 531-579).

=Magnano=, one of the leaders of the rabble that attacked Hudibras at a bear-baiting. The character is designed for Simeon Wait, a tinker, as famous an independent preacher as Burroughs. He used to style Cromwell “the archangel who did battle with the devil.”—S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663).

=Magnificent= (_The_), Khosru or Chosroës I., of Persia (*, 531-579).

Lorenzo de Medici (1448-1492).

Robert, duc de Normandie; called _Le Diable_ also (*, 1028-1035).

Soliman I., greatest of the Turkish sultans (1493, 1520-1566).

=Magnus Troil=, honest, plain Zetlander, convivial in his habits, but frank and hospitable. He has two motherless daughters.—Walter Scott, _The Pirate_. (See MINNA and BRENDA.)

=Magog=, according to _Ezek._ xxxviii., xxxix., was a country or people over whom Gog was prince. Some say the Goths are meant, others the Persians, others the Scythians or the northern nations of Europe generally.

Sale says that Magog is the tribe called by Ptolemy “Gilân,” and by Strabo “Geli” or “Gelæ.”—_Al Korân_, xxviii. note. (See GOG).

_Magog_, one of the princes of Satan, whose ambition is to destroy hell.

=Magrico=, the champion of Isabella, of Portugal, who refused to pay truage to France. He vanquished the French champion, and thus liberated his country from tribute.

=Magua=, subtle and cruel Huron chief, whose unholy passion for Cora Munro is the cause of her death.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Last of the Mohicans_ (1826).

=Magwitch= (_Abel_), a convict for life, the unknown father of Estella, who was adopted from infancy by Miss Havisham, the daughter of a rich banker. The convict, having made his escape to Australia, became a successful sheep farmer, and sent money secretly to Mr. Jaggers, a London lawyer, to educate Pip as a gentleman. When Pip was 23 years old Magwitch returned to England, under the assumed name of Provis, and made himself known to Pip. He was tracked by Orlick and Compeyson, arrested, condemned to death, and died in jail. All his money was confiscated.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Mahmut=, the “Turkish Spy,” who remained undiscovered in Paris for forty-five years, revealing to his Government all the intrigues of the Christian courts (1637-1682).

=Mahomet= or MOHAMMED, the titular name taken by Halaibi, founder of Islam (570-632.)

ADOPTED SON: Usma, son of Zaid, his freed-man. (See below, “Zainab.”)

ANGEL, who revealed the _Koran_ to Mahomet: Gabriel.

BANNER: Sanjak-sherif, kept in the Eyab mosque at Constantinople.

BIRTHPLACE: Mecca, A.D. 570.

BOW: Al Catûm (“the strong”), confiscated from the Jews. In his first battle he drew it with such force that it snapped in two.

CAMEL: Al Adha (“the slit-eared”) the swiftest of his camels. One of the ten dumb animals admitted into paradise.

CONCUBINES: Marīyeh, mother of Ibrahim, his son, was his favorite; but he had fourteen others.

COUSINS: Ali, his best friend: Abû Sofiân ebn al Hareth.

CUIRASS: Al Fadha. It was of silver, and was confiscated from the Jews.

DAUGHTERS BY KADIJAH; Zainab, Rukaijah, Umm Kulthûm, and Fâtima, his favorite (called one of the “three perfect women”).

DEFEAT: At Ohud, where it was reported that he was slain (A.D. 623).

DIED at Medīna, on the lap of Ayishah, his favorite wife, 11 Hedjrah (June 8, 632).

FATHER: Abdallah, of the family of Hâshim and tribe of Koreish. Abdallah was a small merchant, who died when his son was five years old. At the death of his father, his grandfather took charge of him; but he also died within two years. He then lived with his uncle Abu Taleb (from the age of 7 to 14). (See ZESBET).

FATHER-IN-LAW: Abû Bekr, father of his favorite wife, Ayishah.

FLIGHT: Hedjrah or Heg´ira, July 16, 622.

FOLLOWERS: called Moslem or Mussulmans.

GRANDSON: Abd-el-Motalleb.

HORSE: Al Borak (“the lightning”), brought to him by Gabriel, to carry him to the seventh heaven. It had the wings of an eagle, the face of a man, with the cheeks of a horse, and spoke Arabic.

JOURNEY TO HEAVEN (_The_), on Al Borak, is called Isra.

MOTHER: Amina or Aminta, of the family of Zuhra, and tribe of Koreish. (See ZESBET).

NICKNAME IN BOYHOOD: El Amin (“the safe man”).

PERSONAL APPEARANCE: Middle height, rather lean, broad shoulders, strongly built, abundance of black curly hair, coal-black eyes with thick lashes, nose large and slightly bent, beard long. He had between his shoulders a black mole, “the seal of prophecy.”

POISONED by Zainab, a Jewess, who placed before him poisoned meat, in 624. He tasted it, and ever after suffered from its effects, but survived eight years.

SCRIPTURE: _Al Korân_ (“the reading”). It is divided into 114 chapters.

SONS BY KADIJAH: Al Kâsim and Abd Manâf; both died in childhood. By Mariyeh (Mary) his concubine: Ibrahim, who died when 15 months old. Adopted son: Usma, the child of his freedman, Zaid. (See “ZAINAB”).

STANDARD: Bajura.

SUCCESSOR, Abû Bekr, his father-in-law (father of Ayishah).

SWORDS: Dhu´l Fakâr (“the trenchant”); Al Batter (“the striker”); Hatel (“the deadly”); Medham (“the keen”).

TRIBE: that of the Koraichites or Koraich or Koreish, on both sides.

UNCLES: Abu Taleb, a prince of Mecca, but poor; he took charge of the boy between the ages of 7 and 14, and was always his friend. Abû Laheb, who called him “a fool,” and was always his bitter enemy; in the _Korân_, exi., “the prophet” denounces him. Hamza, a third head of Islam.

VICTORIES: Bedr (624); Muta (629); Taïf (630); Honein (630 or 8 Hedjrah).

WHITE MULE: Fedda.

WIVES: Ten, and fifteen concubines.

(1) Kadijah, a rich widow of his own tribe. She had been twice married, and was 40 years of age (Mahomet being 15). Kadijah was his sole wife for twenty-five years, and brought him two sons and four daughters. (Fâtima was her youngest child).

(2) Souda, widow of Sokran, nurse of his daughter Fâtima. He married her in 621, soon after the death of his first wife. The following were simultaneous with Souda.

(3) Ayishah, daughter of Abû Bekr. She was only nine years old on her wedding day. This was his favorite wife, on whose lap he died. He called her one of the “three perfect women.”

(4) Hend, a widow, 28 years old. She had a son when she married. Her father was Omeya.

(5) Zainab, divorced wife of Zaid, his freed slave. Married 627 (5 Hedjrah).

(6) Barra, a captive, widow of a young Arab chief, slain in battle.

(7) Rehana, a Jewish captive. Her father was Simeon.

(8) Safīya, the espoused wife of Kenāna. This wife outlived the prophet for forty years. Mahomet put Kenana to death in order to marry her.

(9) Umm Habība (mother of Habiba), widow of Abû Sofian.

(10) Maimuna, who was 51 when he married her, and a widow. She survived all his ten wives.

⁂ It will be observed that most of Mahomet’s wives were widows.

_Mahomet._ Voltaire wrote a drama so entitled in 1738; and James Miller, in 1740, produced an English version of the same, called _Mahomet the Impostor_. The scheme of the play is this: Mahomet is laying siege to Mecca, and has in his camp Zaphna and Palmira, taken captives in childhood and brought up by him. They are really the children of Alcanor, the chief of Mecca, but know it not, and love each other. Mahomet is in love with Palmira, and sets Zaphna to murder Alcanor, pretending that it is God’s will. Zaphna obeys the behest, is told that Alcanor is his father, and is poisoned. Mahomet asks Palmira in marriage, and she stabs herself.

=Mahomet’s Coffin= is said to be suspended in mid-air. The wise ones affirm that the coffin is of iron, and is suspended by the means of loadstones. The faithful assert it is held up by four angels. Burckhardt says it is not suspended at all. A marabout told Labat:

Que le tombeau de Mahomet étoit porté en l’air par le moyen de certains Anges qui se relayent d’heure en heures pour soutenir ce fardeau.—Labat, _Afrique Occidentale_, ii. 143 (1728).

The balance always would hang even.
Like Mah’met’s tomb ’twixt earth and heaven.
Prior, _Alma_, ii. 199 (1717).

=Mahomet’s Dove=, a dove which. Mahomet taught to pick seed placed in his ear. The bird would perch on the prophet’s shoulder and thrust its bill into his ear to find its food; but Mahomet gave out that it was the Holy Ghost, in the form of a dove, sent to impart to him the counsels of God.—Dr. Prideaux, _Life of Mahomet_ (1697); Sir W. Raleigh, _History of the World_, I. i. 6 (1614).

Instance proud Mahomet ...
The sacred dove whispering into his ear,
That what his will imposed, the world must fear.
Lord Brooke, _Declination of Monarchie_, etc.
(1554-1628).

Was Mahomet inspirêd with a dove?
Thou with an eagle art inspirêd [_Joan of Arc_].
Shakespeare, _I Henry VI._, act i. sc. 3 (1589).

=Mahomet’s Knowledge of Events.= Mahomet, in his coffin, is informed by an angel of every event which occurs respecting the faithful.

Il est vivant dans son tombeau. Il fait la prière dans ce tombeau à chaque fois que le crieur en fait la proclamation, et au même tems qu’on la recite. Il y a un ange posté sur son tombeau qui a le soin de lui donner avis des prières que les fidèles font pour lui.—Gagnier, _Vie de Mahomet_, vii. 18 (1723).

=Mahomet of the North=, Odin, both legislator and supreme deity.

=Mahoud=, son of a rich jeweller of Delhi, who ran through a large fortune in riotous living, and then bound himself in service to Bennaskar, who proved to be a magician. Mahoud impeached Bennaskar to the cadi, who sent officers to seize him; but, lo! Mahoud had been metamorphosed into the likeness of Bennaskar, and was condemned to be burnt alive. When the pile was set on fire, Mahoud became a toad, and in this form met the Sultan Misnar, his vizier, Horam, and the Princess Hemju´nah, of Cassimir, who had been changed into toads also.—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

=Mahound or Mahoun=, a name of contempt for Mahomet or any pagan god. Hence Ariosto makes Ferrau “blaspheme his Mahoun and Termagant” (_Orlando Furioso_, xii. 59).

Fitter for a turban for Mahound or Termagant, than the head-gear of a reasonable creature.—Sir W. Scott.

=Mahu=, the fiend-prince that urges to theft.

Five fiends have been in poor Tom at once; of lust, as Obidicut; Hobididance, prince of dumbness; Mahu, of stealing; Modo, of murder; and Flibbertigibbet, of mopping and mowing.—Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act iv. sc. 1 (1605).

=Maid Ma´rian=, a name assumed by Matilda, daughter of Robert, Lord Fitz-walter, while Robin Hood remained in a state of outlawry. She was poisoned with a poached egg at Dunmow Priory, by a messenger of King John sent for the purpose. This was because Marian was loved by the king, but rejected him. Drayton has written her legend.

He to his mistress dear, his lovëd Marian,
Was ever constant known; which wheresoe’er she came,
Was sovereign of the woods, chief lady of the game.
Her clothes tucked to the knee, and dainty braided hair,
With bow and quiver armed, she wandered here and there
Amongst the forest wild. Diana never knew
Such pleasures, nor such harts as Marian slew.
_Polyolbion_, xxvi. (1622).

_Maid Marian_, introduced into the May-day morris-dance, was a boy dressed in girl’s clothes. She was queen of the May and used to wear a tinsel crown, and carry in her left hand a flower. Her coif was purple, her surcoat blue, her cuffs white, the skirts of her robe yellow, the sleeves carnation, and the stomacher red with yellow cross bars. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)

=Maid of Athens=, There´sa Macri, rendered famous by Byron’s song, “Maid of Athens, fare thee well!” Twenty-four years after this song was written, an Englishman sought out “the Athenian maid,” and found a beggar, without a single vestige of beauty. She was married and had a large family; but the struggle of her life was to find bread to keep herself and family from positive starvation. She lived to be over eighty years of age.

=Maid of Bath= (_The_), Miss Linley, who married R.B. Sheridan. Samuel Foote wrote a farce entitled _The Maid of Bath_, in which he gibbets Mr. Walter Long under the name of “Flint.”

=Maid of Honor= (_The_), by P. Massinger (1637). Cami´ola, a very wealthy, high-minded lady, was in love with Prince Bertoldo, brother of Roberto, king of the Two Sicilies; but Bertoldo, being a knight of Malta, could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While matters were in this state Bertoldo led an army against Aurelia, duchess of Sienna, and was taken prisoner. Camiŏla paid his ransom, and Aurelia commanded the prisoner to be brought before her. Bertoldo came; the duchess fell in love with him and offered marriage, and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The betrothed then presented themselves to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct of Bertoldo. The king was indignant at the baseness, Aurelia rejected Bertoldo with scorn, and Camiola took the veil.

=Maid of Mariendorpt= (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles, based on Miss Porter’s novel of _The Village of Mariendorpt_ (1838). The “maid” is Meeta, daughter of Mahldenau, minister of Mariendorpt, and betrothed to Major Rupert Roselheim. The plot is this; Mahldenau starts for Prague in search of Meeta’s sister, who fell into some soldiers’ hands in infancy during the siege of Magdeburg. On entering Prague, he is seized as a spy, and condemned to death. Meeta, hearing of his capture, walks to Prague to plead for his life, and finds that the governor’s “daughter” is her lost sister. Rupert storms the prison and releases Mahldenau.

=Maid of Norway=, Margaret, daughter of Eric II. and Margaret of Norway. She was betrothed to Edward, son of Edward I., of England, but died on her passage (1290).

=Maid of Orleans=, Jeanne d’Arc, famous for having raised the siege of Orleans, held by the English. The general tradition is that she was burnt alive as a witch, but this is doubted (1412-1431).

=Maid of Perth= (_Fair_), Catharine Glover, daughter of Simon Glover, the old glover of Perth. She kisses Henry Smith while asleep on St. Valentine’s morning, and ultimately marries him.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Maid of Saragoza=, Augustina, noted for her heroism at the siege of Saragoza, 1808-9.—See Southey’s _History of the Peninsular War_.

Her lover sinks—she sheds no ill-timed tear;
Her chief is slain—she fills his fatal post;
Her fellows flee—she checks their base career;
The foe retires—she heads the sallying host.
... the flying Gaul.
Foiled by a woman’s hand, before a battered wall.
Byron, _Childe Harold_, i. 56, (1809).

=Maid of the Mill= (_The_), an opera by Isaac Bickerstaff. Patty, the daughter of Fairfield, the miller, was brought up by Lord Aimworth’s mother. At the death of Lady Aimworth, Patty returned to the mill, and her father promised her in marriage to Farmer Giles; but Patty refused to marry him. Lord Aimworth about the same time betrothed himself to Theodosia, the daughter of Sir Harry Sycamore; but the young lady loved Mr. Mervin. When Lord Aimworth knew of this attachment, he readily yielded up his betrothed to the man of her choice, and selected for his bride, Patty, “the maid of the mill” (1765).

=Maid of the Oaks= (_The_), a two-act drama by J. Burgoyne. Maria, “the maid of the Oaks,” is brought up by Oldworth, of Oldworth Oaks, as his ward, but is informed on the eve of her marriage with Sir Harry Groveby that she is Oldworth’s daughter. The under-plot is between Sir Charles Dupely and Lady Bab Lardoon. Dupely professed to despise all women, and Lady Lardoon was “the princess of dissipation;” but after they fell in with each other, Dupely confessed that he would abjure his creed, and Lady Lardoon avowed that henceforth she renounced the world of fashion and its follies.

=Maid’s Tragedy= (_The_). The “maid” is Aspa´tia, the troth-plight wife of Amintor, who, at the king’s command, is made to marry Evad´ne (3 _syl._). Her death forms the tragical event which gives name to the drama.—Beaumont and Fletcher (1610).

(The scene between Antony and Ventidius, in Dryden’s tragedy of _All for Love_, is copied from _The Maid’s Tragedy_, where “Melantius” answers to Ventidius).

=Maiden= (_The_), a kind of guillotine, introduced into Scotland by the Regent Morton, who was afterwards beheaded by it. The “maiden” resembled in form a painter’s easel about ten feet high. The victim placed his head on a cross-bar some four feet from the bottom, kept in its place by another bar. In the inner edges of the frame were grooves, in which slid a sharp axe weighted with lead and supported by a long cord. When all was ready, the cord was cut, and down fell the axe with a thud.—Pennant, _Tour in Scotland_, iii. 365 (1771).

The unfortunate earl [_Argyll_] was appointed to be beheaded by the “maiden.”—Sir W. Scott. _Tales of a Grandfather_, ii. 53.

The Italian instrument of execution was called the _mannaïa._ The apparatus was erected on a scaffold; the axe was placed between two perpendiculars. ... In Scotland the instrument of execution was an inferior variety of the _mannaïa_.—_Memoirs of the Sansons_, i. 257.

It seems pretty clear that the “maiden” ... is merely a corruption of the Italian _mannaïa_.—A.G. Reid.

=Maiden King= (_The_), Malcolm IV., of Scotland (1141, 1153-1165).

Malcolm, ... son of the brave and generous Prince Henry, ... was so kind and gentle in his disposition that he was usually called Malcolm “the Maiden.”—Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, iv.

=Maiden Queen= (_The_), Elizabeth of England (1583, 1558-1603).

=Maiden of the Mist= (_The_), Anne of Geierstein, daughter of Count Albert of Geierstein. She is the baroness of Arnheim.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).