Chapter XVI: Part 16

=Katmîr´=, the dog of the seven sleepers. It spoke with a human voice, and said to the young men who wanted to drive it out of the cave, “I love those who love God. Go to sleep, masters, and I will keep guard.” The dog kept guard over them for 309 years, and neither slept nor ate. At death it was taken up into paradise.—Sale, _Al Korân_, xviii. notes.

⁂ Katmîr, in the _Oriental Tales_, is called “Catnier.”

_He wouldn’t give a bone to Katmîr_, or _He wouldn’t throw a bone to the dog of the seven sleepers_, an Arabic proverb, applied to a very niggardly man.

=Kay= (_Sir_), son of Sir Ector, and foster-brother of Prince Arthur, who made him his seneschal or steward. Sir Kay was ill-tempered, mean-spirited, boastful, and overbearing. He had not strength of mind enough to be a villain like Hagen, nor strength of passion enough to be a traitor like Ganelon and Mordred; but he could detract and calumniate, could be envious and spiteful, could annoy and irritate. His wit consisted in giving nicknames: Thus he called young Gareth “Big Hands”(_Beaumains_), “because his hands were the largest that ever anyone had seen.” He called Sir Brewnor “The Shocking Bad Coat”(_La Cote Male-tailé_), because his doublet fitted him so badly, and was full of sword-cuts.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 4, 120, etc. (1470). (See KEY).

=Kayward=, the name of the hare in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

=Kecksey=, a wheezy old wittol, who pretends to like a termagant wife who can flirt with other men—ugh, ugh!—he loves high spirits—ugh, ugh!—and to see his wife—ugh, ugh! happy and scampering about—ugh, ugh!—to theatres and balls—ugh, ugh!—he likes to hear her laugh—ugh, ugh!—and enjoy herself—ugh, ugh! Oh! this troublesome cough!—ugh, ugh!—Garrick, _The Irish Widow_ (1757).

=Ke´derli=, the St. George of Mohammedan mythology. Like St. George, he slew a monstrous dragon to save a damsel exposed to its fury, and, having drunk of the water of life, rode through the world to aid those who were oppressed.

=Keelavine= (_Mr._), a painter at the Spa hotel—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Keenan’s Charge= at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, where part of a cavalry regiment, barely 300 in number, held 10,000 men in check until the last cavalry man fell, deserves to rank with the Charge of the Six Hundred, and the fight at Thermopylæ.

It is the theme of a poem by George Parsons Lathrop.

“As Keenan fought with his men side by side,
So they rode ’till there were no more to ride,
But over them lying-there, shattered and mute
What deep echo rolls? ’Tis a death salute
From the cannon in place; for heroes ye braved
Your fate not in vain; the army was saved.”
_Keenan’s Charge_ (1881).

=Keene= (_Abel_), a village schoolmaster, afterwards a merchant’s clerk. Being led astray, he lost his place and hanged himself.—Crabbe, _Borough_, xxi. (1810).

=Keepers=, of Piers Plowman’s visions, the Malvern Hills. Piers Plowman (W. or R. Langland, 1362) supposes himself fallen asleep on the Malvern Hills, and in his dream he sees various visions of an allegorical character pass before him. These “visions” he put into poetry, the whole containing 15,000 verses, divided into twenty parts, each part being called a _passus_ or separate vision.

Keepers of Piers Plowman’s vision, thro’ the sunshine and the snow.
Mrs. Browning, _The Lost Bower_.

=Keha´ma=, the almighty rajah of earth, and all-powerful in Swerga, or heaven. After a long tyranny, he went to Pan´dalon (_hell_) to claim domination there also. Kehama demanded why the throne of Yamen (or Pluto) was supported by only three persons, and was told that he himself must be the fourth. He paid no heed to this prophecy, but commanded the amreeta-cup or draught of immortality to be brought to him, that he might quaff it and reign forever. Now there are two immortalities: the immortality of life for the good, and the immortality of death for the wicked. When Kehama drank the amreeta, he drank immortal death, and was forced to bend his proud neck beneath the throne of Yamen, to become the fourth supporter.—Southey, _Curse of Kehama_ (1809).

⁂ Ladurlad was the person subjected to the “curse of Kehama,” and under that name the story will be found.

=Keltie= (_Old_), innkeeper at Kinross.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Kempfer-Hausen=, Robert Pearce Gillies, one of the speakers in the “Noctês Ambrosianæ.”—_Blackwood’s Magazine._

=Kendah=, an Arabian tribe, which used to bury alive their female children as soon as they were born. The _Korân_ refers to them in ch. vi.

=Kenge= (1 _syl._), of the firm of Kenge and Carboy, Lincoln’s Inn, generally called “Conversation Kenge,” loving above all things to hear “the dulcet tones of his own voice.” The firm is engaged on the side of Mr Jarndyce, in the great Chancery suit of “Jarndyce _v._ Jarndyce.”—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Kenelm= (_St._) was murdered at Clente-in-Cowbage, near Winchelcumb, in Gloucestershire; but the murder “was miraculously notified at Rome by a white dove,” which alighted on the altar of St. Peter’s, bearing in his beak a scroll with these words:

In Clent cow-pasture under a thorn,
Of head bereft, lies Kenelm king-born.
Roger de Wendover, _Chronicles_ (died 1237).

=Kenilworth=, a novel by Sir W. Scott (1821). For interest it comes next to _Ivanhoe_, and the portrait of Queen Elizabeth is life-like and correct. That of Queen Mary is given in _The Abbot_. The novel is full of courtly gaieties and splendor, but contains the unhappy tale of the beautiful Amy Robsart, which cannot fail to excite our sympathy and pity.

=Kenna=, daughter of King Obĕron, who fell in love with Albion, son of the island king. Obĕron drove the prince from his empire, and when Albion made war on the fairy king, he was slain. Kenna then poured the juice of mōly over him, and the dead body was converted into a snowdrop. According to this fable, “Kensington Gardens” is a corruption of Kenna’s-town-garden.—Tickell, _Kensington Garden_ (died 1740).

=Kennedy= (_Frank_), an excise officer, who shows Mr. G. Godfrey Bertram, the laird of Ellangowan (magistrate), the smuggler’s vessel chased by a war sloop. The smugglers afterwards murder him.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Kenneth= (_Sir_), “Knight of the Leoppard,” a disguise assumed by David, earl of Huntingdon, prince royal of Scotland.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Kenneth= (=Kincaid=), promising architect, with his way to make in the world. He marries pretty, engaging _Rosamond Holabird_.—A.D.T. Whitney, _The Other Girls_.

=Kenrick= (_Felix_), the old foster-father of Caroline Dormer. His wife Judith was her nurse. Kenrick, an Irishman, clings to his mistress in all her misfortunes, and proves himself a most attached, disinterested, and faithful old servant.—G. Colman, _The Heir-at-Law_ (1797).

=Kensington=, according to Tickell’s fables, is so called from the fairy Kenna, daughter of King Obĕron. The tale is that Prince Albion was stolen by Milkah, the fairy, and carried to Kensington. When 19 years old, he fell in love with Kenna; but Obĕron was so angry at this engagement, that he drove Albion out of the garden, and compelled Kenna to marry Azuriel, a fairy from Holland Park. Albion laid his complaint before Neptune, who sent Oriel with a fairy army against Oberon. In this battle Albion was slain, and Neptune, in revenge, utterly destroyed the whole empire. The fairies, being dispersed, betook themselves to the hills and dales, the caves and mines. Kenna poured juice of the herb mōly over the dead body of Albion, and the unhappy prince was changed thus into a snowdrop.—Tickell, _Kensington Garden_ (died 1740).

=Kent.= According to fable, Kent is so called from Can´ute, one of the companions of Brute the Trojan wanderer, who, according to Geoffrey’s _British History_, settled in England, and founded a dynasty of kings. Canute had that part of the island assigned to him which was called Canutium, contracted into Can´tium, and again into Cant or Kent.

But Canute had his portion from the rest,
The which he called Canutium, for his hire,
New Cantium, which Kent we commonly inquire.
Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, II. x. 12 (1590).

_Kent_ (_earl of_), under the assumed name of Caius, attended upon the old King Lear, when his two elder daughters refused to entertain him with his suite. He afterwards took him to Dover Castle. When the old king was dying, he could not be made to understand how Caius and Kent could be the same person.—Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).

_Kent_ (_The Fair Maid of_), Joan, only daughter of Edmund Plantaganet, earl of Kent. She married thrice: (1) William de Montacute, earl of Salisbury, from whom she was divorced; (2) Sir Thomas Holland; and (3) her second cousin, Edward, the Black Prince, by whom she became the mother of Richard II.

_Kent_ (_Margaret_), a handsome, proud woman, whose husband deserts her and lives in South America with a mistress, leaving her to support herself and child. He comes back poor and not penitent, and she considers it her duty to live with and to support him, although while she was believed by most of her acquaintances to be a widow she was beloved and wooed by Dr. Walton, a man worthy of her.

_Robert Kent_, the husband, is a queer compound of fascinating and repulsive traits. He takes his wife’s hard-earned money as his due, and cajoles his little girl into giving “poor papa” the contents of her savings bank.—Ellen Olney Kirke, _The Story of Margaret Kent_ (1886.).

=Kenwigs= (_Mr._), a turner in ivory, and “a monstrous genteel man.” He toadies Mr. Lillyvick, his wife’s uncle, from whom he has “expectations.”

_Mrs. Kenwigs_, wife of the above, considered “quite a lady,” as she has an uncle who collects the water-rates, and sends her daughter Morleena to a day school.

_The Misses Kenwigs_, pupils of Nicholas Nickleby, remarkable for wearing their hair in long braided tails down their backs, the ends being tied with bright ribbons.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

=Kera Kahn=, a gallant and generous Tartar chief in a war between the Poles and the Tartans.—J. P. Kemble, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Kerns=, light-armed Irish foot-soldiers. The word (_Kigheyren_) means “a hell shower;” so called because they were hellrakes or the “devil’s black-guard.” (See GALLOWGLASSES).—Stanihurst, _Description of Ireland_, viii. 28.

=Kesche´tiouch=, the shepherd who joined the six Greek slaves of Ephesus, and was one of the “seven sleepers.”

_Keschetiouch’s Dog_, Catnier, called by Sale, in his notes to the _Korân_, “Katmîr.”—Comte de Caylus, _Oriental Tales_ (“History of Dakinos,” 1743).

=Kettledrummle= (_Gabriel_), a covenanter preacher.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Kevin= (_St._), a young man who went to live on a solitary rock at Glendalough, in Wicklow. This he did to flee from Kath´leen, who loved him, and whose eyes he feared his heart would not be able to resist. Kathleen tracked him, and while he slept “bent over him;” but, starting from his sleep, the “holy man” cast the girl from the rock into the sea, which her ghost haunted amidst the sounds of sweet music.—T. Moore, _Irish Melodies_, iv. (“By that Lake....” 1814).

=Kew= (_Mrs._), wife of the lighthouse keeper at _Deephaven_.—Sara Orne Jewett, _Deephaven_ (1877).

=Key= (_Sir_), son of Sir Ector, the foster-father of Prince Arthur. He was Arthur’s seneschal, and is represented as rude and boastful. Sir Gaw´ain is the type of courtesy, Sir Launcelot of chivalry, Sir Mordred of treachery, Sir Galahad of chastity, Sir Mark of cowardice. (See KAY.)

=Keyne= [_Keen_] or ST. KEYNA, daughter of Braga´nus, prince of Garthmatrin or Brecon, called “Keyna, the Virgin.” Her sister Melaria was the mother of St. David. Many nobles sought her in marriage, but she refused them all, being resolved to live and die a virgin. She retired to a spot near the Severn, which abounded with serpents, but at her prayer they were all turned into _Ammonites_, and “abide to this day.” Subsequently she removed to Mount St. Michael, and by her prayer a spring of healing waters burst out of the earth, and whoever drinks first of this water after marriage will become the dominant house-power. “Now,” says Southey, “a Cornishman took his bride to church, and the moment the ring was on ran up to the mount to drink of the mystic water. Down he came in full glee to tell his bride; but the bride said, ‘My good man, I brought a bottle of the water to church with me, and drank of it before you started.’”—Southey, _The Well of St. Keyne_ (1798).

=Khadijah=, daughter of Khowailed; Mahomet’s first wife, and one of the four perfect women. There other three are Fatima, the prophet’s daughter; Mary, daughter of Imrân; and Asia, wife of the Pharaoh who was drowned in the Red Sea.

=Khawla=, one of the sorceresses in the caves of Dom-Daniel, “under the roots of the ocean.” She is called “the woman-fiend,” “fiercest of the enchanter brood.” She had heard that one of the race of Hodei´rah (3 _syl._) would be their destruction, so Okba was sent forth to cut off the whole race. He succeeded in killing eight, but one named Thal´aba escaped. Abdaldar was chosen to hunt him up and kill him. He found the boy in an Arab’s tent, and raised the dagger, but ere the blow fell, the murderer himself was killed by the death-angel.—Southey, _Thalaba, the Destroyer_ (1797).

=Khid´ir= or CHIDDER, the tutelary god of voyagers; his brother Elias is the tutelary god of travellers. The two brothers meet once a year at Mina, near Mecca.—Mouradgea d’Ohsson, _History of the Ottoman Empire_ (1821).

=Khorassan= (_The Veiled Prophet of_), Mokanna, a prophet-chief, who wore a veil under pretence of shading the dazzling light of his countenance. The truth is, he had lost an eye, and his face was otherwise disfigured in battle. Mokanna assumed to be a god, and maintained that he had been Adam, Noah, and other representative men. When the Sultan Mahadi environed him so that escape was impossible, the prophet poisoned all his followers at a banquet, and then threw himself into a burning acid, which wholly consumed his body.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (“The Veiled Prophet, etc.,” 1817).

=Kifri=, a giant and enchanter, the impersonation of atheism and blasphemy. After some frightful blasphemies, he hurls into the air a huge rock, which falls on himself and kills him, “for self-murderers are generally infidels or atheists.”—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

=Kildare= (2 _syl._), famous for the fire of St. Bridget, which was never allowed to go out. St. Bridget returns every twentieth year to tend to the fire herself. Part of the chapel of St. Bridget still remains, and is called “The Fire-house.”

Like the bright lamp that shone in Kildare’s holy fane,
And burned through long ages of darkness and storm.
T.Moore, _Irish Melodies_, iii. (“Erin, O Erin!” 1814).

Apud Kildariam occurrit ignis Sanctæ Brigidæ quern inextinguebilem vocant.—Giraldus Cambrensis, _Hibernia_, ii. 34 (1187).

=Kilderkin= (_Ned_), keeper of an eating-house at Greenwich.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Kilian= (_St._), an Irish missionary who suffered martyrdom at Würzburg, in 689. A cathedral was erected to his memory in the eighth century.

=Kilian of Kersberg=, the squire of Sir Archibald von Hagenbach.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Killing no Murder.= Carpentier de Marigny, the enemy of Mazarin, issued, in 1658, a tract entitled _Tuer un Tyran n’est par un Crime_.

Sexby wrote a tract entitled _Killing no Murder_, generally thought to have been the production of William Allan. The object of the book was to show that it would be no crime to murder Cromwell.

=Kilmansegg= (_Miss_), an heiress with great expectations, and an artificial leg of solid gold.—Thomas Hood, _A Golden Legend_ (1828).

=King=, a title of sovereignty or honor. At one time, crown tenants were called kings or dukes, at the option of the sovereign; thus, Frederick _Barbarossa_ made one of his brothers a king-vassal, and another a duke-vassal, simply by the investiture of a sword. In English history, the lord of Man was styled “king;” so was the lord of the Isle of Wight, and the lord of Connaught, as clearly appears in the grants of John and Henry III. Several examples might be quoted of earls conferring the title of “king” on their vassals.—See Selden’s _Titles of Honor_, iii. (1614).

_King_ (_Arthur_). See ARTHUR.

_King_ (_Like a_). When Porus, the Indian prince, was taken prisoner, Alexander asked him how he expected to be treated. “Like a king,” he replied; and Alexander made him his friend.

_King_ (_The Factory_), Richard Oastler, of Bradford, the successful advocate of the “Ten Hours Bill” (1789-1861).

_King_ (_The Railway_), George Hudson; so called by the Rev. Sydney Smith (1800-1871).

_King_ (_The Red_), the king of Persia; so called from his red turban.

Credo ut Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis _Rubeum Caput_ vocant, ita reges Moscoviæ, propter alba tegumenta _Albos Reges_ appellari.—Sigismund.

_King_ (_The Snow_), Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, killed in the “Thirty Years’ War” at the battle of Lützen, 1632.

In Vienna he was called “The Snow King” in derision. Like a snow-ball, he was kept together by the cold, but as he approached a warmer soil he melted away and disappeared.—Dr. Crichton, _Scandinavia_, ii. 61 (1838).

_King_ (_The White_). The ancient kings of Muscovy were so called from the white robe which they used to wear. Solomon wore a white robe; hence our Lord, speaking of the lilies of the field, says that “Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these” (_Luke_ xii. 27).

Principem Moscoviæ _Album Regem_ nuncupant.... Credo ut Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis _Rubeum Caput_ vocant, ita reges Moscoviæ, propter alba tegumenta _Albos Reges_ appellari.—Sigismund.

⁂ Another explanation may be suggested; Muscovy was called “White Russia,” as Poland was called “Black Russia.”

_King_ (_Tom_), “the choice spirit of the day for a quiz, a hoax, a joke, a jest, a song, a dance, a race, or a row. A jolly dog, a rare blood, a prime buck, rum soul, and funny fellow.” He drives M. Morbleu, a French barber, living in the Seven Dials, London, almost out of his senses by inquiring over and over again for Mr. Thompson.—Moncrieff, _Mon. Tonson_.

(There is a _Mon. Tonson_ by Taylor, 1768).

_King_ (surnamed _the Affable_), Charles VIII. of France (1470, 1483-1498).

_King_ (surnamed _the Amorous_), Philippe I. of France (1052, 1060-1108).

_King_ (surnamed _Augustus_), Philippe II. of France. So called because he was born in August (1165, 1180-1223).

Sigismund II. of Poland; born in the month of August (1520, 1548-1572).

_King_ (surnamed _the Avenger_), Alphonso XI. of Leon and Castile (1310, 1327-1350).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bad_), Charles II. of Navarre (1332, 1349-1387).

William I. of the Two Sicilies (*, 1154-1166).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bald_), Charles I., _la Chauve_ of France (823, 875-877).

_King_ (surnamed _Barbarossa_ or _Red Beard_), Frederick II. of Germany (1121, 1152-1190).

_King_ (surnamed _the Battler_), Alphonso I. of Aragon (*, 1104-1135).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bearded_), Baldwin IV., earl of Flanders, _The Handsome Beard_ (1160-1186).

Constantine IV. _Pogonātus_, emperor of Rome (648, 668-685).

_King_ (surnamed _Beauclerk_), Henry I. of England (1068, 1100-1135).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bellicose_), Henri II. _le Belliqueux_ (1519, 1547-1559).

_King_ (surnamed _the Black_), Heinrich III. of Germany (1017, 1046-1056).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bold_), Boleslaus II. of Poland (1042, 1058-1090).

_King_ (surnamed _Bomba_), Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies (1751, 1759-1825).

Francis II., _Bombalīno_ (1860).

_King_ (surnamed _the Brave_), Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castile (1030, 1065-1109).

Alphonso IV. of Portugal (1290, 1324-1357).

_King_ (surnamed _the Catholic_), Alphonso I. of Asturias (693, 739-757).

Ferdinand II. of Aragon (1452, 1474-1516).

Isabella, queen of Castile (1450, 1474-1504).

_King_ (surnamed _the Ceremonious_), Peter IV. of Aragon (1317, 1336-1387).

_King_ (surnamed _the Chaste_), Alphonso II. of Leon, etc. (758, 791-842).

_King_ (surnamed _the Confessor_), Edward _the Confessor_, of England (1004, 1042-1066).

_King_ (surnamed _the Conqueror_), Alexander the Great, _Conqueror of the World_ (B.C. 356, 336-323).

Alphonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185).

Aurungzebe the Great, _Alemgir_, the Great Mogul (1618, 1659-1707).

Francisco Pizarro, _Conquistador_, of Peru (1475-1541).

James I. of Aragon (1206, 1213-1276).

Othman or Osman I. of Turkey (1259, 1299-1326).

William I. of England (1027, 1066-1087).

_King_ (surnamed _the Cruel_), Pedro of Castile (1334, 1359-1360).

Pedro of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).

_King_ (surnamed _the Desired_), Louis XVIII. of France (1755, 1814-1824).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fair_), Charles IV. (1294, 1322-1326).

Philippe IV. _le Bel_, of France (1268, 1285-1314).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fat_), Alphonso II. of Portugal (1185, 1212-1223).

Charles III. of France (832, 884-888).

Louis VI., _le Gros_, of France (1078, 1108-1137).

Olaus II. of Norway (992, 1000-1030).

_King_ (surnamed _the Father of Letters_), François I. of France (1494, 1515-1547).

_King_ (surnamed _the Father of His People_), Louis XII. of France (1462, 1498-1515).

Christian III. of Denmark (1502, 1534-1559).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fearless_), John, duke of Burgundy, _Sanspeur_ (1371-1419). Richard I., _Sanspeur_, duke of Normandy (932, 942-996).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fierce_), Alexander I. of Scotland (*, 1107-1124).

_King_ (surnamed _the Gallant_), an Italian, _Re Galantuomo_, Victor Emmanuel of Italy (1820, 1849-1878).

_King_ (surnamed _the Good_), Alphonso VIII. of Leon and Castile (1155, 1158-1214).

John II. of France, _le Bon_ (1319, 1350-1364).

John III., duke of Brittany (1286, 1312-1341).

John V. duke of Brittany (1388, 1399-1442).

Philippe III., _le Bon_, duke of Burgundy (1396, 1419, 1467).

Réné, titular king of Naples (1409-1452).

Richard II., duke of Normandy (*, 996-1026.)

William II. of the Two Sicilies (*, 1166-1189).

_King_ (surnamed _the great_), Abbas I. of Persia (1557, 1585-1628).

Alexander of Macedon (B.C. 356, 340-323).

Alfred of England (849, 871-901).

Alphonso III. of Asturias, etc. (848, 866-912).

Alphonso V., count of Savoy (1249, 1285-1323).

Boleslaus I. of Poland (*, 992-1025).

Canute of England (995, 1014-1035).

Casimir III. of Poland (1309, 1333-1370).

Charlemagne (742, 768-814).

Charles III., duke of Lorraine (1543, 1547-1608).

Charles Emmanuel I., duke of Savoy (1562, 1580-1630).

Constantine I., emperor of Rome (272, 306-337).

Cosmo de’ Medici, grand duke of Tuscany (1519, 1537-1574).

Ferdinand I. of Castile, etc., (*, 1034-1065).

Frederick II. of Prussia (1712, 1740-1786).

Frederick William, the Great Elector (1620, 1640-1688).

Gregory I., pope (544, 590-604).

Henri IV. of France (1553, 1589-1610).

Herod I. of the Jews (b.c. 73, 47-4).

Herod Agrippa I., the tetrarch (*, *-44).

Hiao-wen-tee of China (B.C. 206, 179-157).

John II. of Portugal (1455, 1481-1495).

Justinian I., emperor of the East (483, 527-565).

Khosrou or Chosroës I. of Persia (*, 531-579).

Leo I., pope (390, 440-461).

Louis XIV. of France (1638, 1643-1715).

Ludwig of Hungary (1326, 1342-1381).

Mahomet II. of Turkey (1430, 1451-1481).

Matteo Visconti, lord of Milan (1250, 1295-1322).

Maximilian, duke of Bavaria (1573-1651).

Napoleon I. of France (1769, 1804-1814, died 1821).

Nicholas I., pope (*, 858-867).

Otto I. of Germany (912, 936-973).

Pedro III. of Aragon (1239, 1276-1285).

Peter I. of Russia (1672, 1689-1725).

Sapor II. of Persia (310, 308-380).

Sigismund I. of Poland (1466, 1506-1548).

Theoderic of the Ostrogoths (454, 475-526).

Theodosius I., emperor (346, 378-395).

Vladimir, grand-duke of Russia (*, 973-1014).

Waldemar I. of Denmark (1131, 1157-1181).

_King_ (surnamed _the Illustrious_), Albert V., emperor of Austria (1398, 1404-1439).

Jam-schid of Persia (B.C. 840-800).

Kien-lông of China (1736-1796).

Nicomedês II., _Epiphanes_, of Bithynia (*, 149-191).

Ptolemy V., _Epiphanes_, of Egypt (B.C. 210, 205-181).

_King_ (surnamed _the Infant_), Ludwig IV. of Germany (893, 900-911).

Otto III. of Germany (980, 983-1002).

_King_ (surnamed _Ironside_), Edmund II. of England (989, 1016-1017).

Frederick II., elector of Brandenburg was called “Iron Tooth” (1657, 1688-1713).

Nicholas of Russia was called “The Iron Emperor” (1796, 1826-1852).

_King_ (surnamed _the Just_), Baharam of Persia (276-296).

Casimir II. of Poland (1117, 1177-1194).

Ferdinand I. of Aragon (1373, 1412-1416).

Haroun-al-Raschid (765, 786-808).

James II. of Aragon (1261, 1285-1327).

Khosrou or Chosroës I. of Persia (*, 531-579).

Louis XIII. of France (1601, 1610-1643).

Pedro I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).

_King_ (surnamed _the Lame_), Agesilaös of Sparta (B.C. 444, 398-360).

Albert II. of Austria (1289, 1330-1358), duke of Austria.

Charles II. of Naples (1248, 1289-1309).

Heinrich II. of Germany (972, 1002-1024).

_King_ (surnamed _the Lion_), Alep Arslan (_the Valiant Lion_), son of Togrul Beg, the Perso-Turkish monarch (*, 1063-1072).

Arioch, called “The Lion King of Assyria” (B.C. 1927-1897).

Damelowiez, prince of Haliez, who founded Lemburg (“the lion city” in 1259.)

Gustavus Adolphus, called “The Lion of the North” (1594, 1611-1632).

Heinrich, duke of Bavaria and Saxony (1129-1195).

Louis VIII. of France (1187, 1223-1226).

Richard I. of England, _Cœur de Lion_ (1157, 1189-1199).

William of Scotland; so called because he chose for his cognizance _a red lion rampant_ (*, 1165-1214).

_King_ (surnamed _the Little_), Charles III. of Naples (1345, 1381-1386).

_King_, (surnamed _the Long-legged_), Edward I., _Longshanks_, of England (1239, 1272-1307).

Philippe V., _le Long_, of France (1294, 1317-1322).

_King_ (surnamed _the Magnanimous_), Alphonso V. of Aragon and Naples (1385, 1416-1458).

Khosrou or Chosroës of Persia, _Noushirwan_ (*, 531-579).

_King_ (surnamed _the Magnificent_), Soliman I., sultan (1493, 1520-1566).

_King_ (surnamed _the Martyr_), Charles I. of England (1600, 1625-1649).

Edward _the Martyr_, of England (961, 975-979).

Louis XVI. of France (1754, 1774-1793).

Martin I., pope (*, 649-655).

_King_ (surnamed _the Minion_), Henri III. of France (1551, 1574-1589).

_King_ (surnamed _the Noble_), Alphonso VIII., of Leon and Castile (1155, 1158-1214).

Charles III. of Navarre (*, 1387-1425).

Soliman, called _Tchelibi_, Turkish prince at Adrianople (died 1410).

_King_ (surnamed _the Pacific_), Amadeus VIII., count of Savoy (1383, 1391-1449).

Frederick III. of Germany (1415, 1440-1493).

Olaus III. of Norway (*, 1030-1093).

_King_ (surnamed _the Patient_), Albert IV., duke of Austria (1377, 1395-1404).

_King_ (surnamed _the Philosopher_), Frederick the Great, called “The Philosopher of Sans Souci” (1712, 1740-1786).

Leo VI., emperor of the East (866, 886-911).

Marcus Aurelius Antonīnus of Rome (121, 161-180).

_King_ (surnamed _the Pious_), Edward VI. of England (1537, 1547-1553).

Eric IX. of Sweden (*, 1155-1161).

Ernst I., founder of the house of Gotha (1601-1674).

Robert, _le Pieux_, of France (971, 996-1031).

_King_, (surnamed _the Prodigal_), Albert VI. of Austria (1418, 1439-1463).

_King_, (surnamed _the Rash_), Charles, _le Temeraire_, of Burgundy (1433, 1467-1477), duke.

_King_ (surnamed _the Red_), Amadeus VII., count of Savoy (1360, 1383-1391).

Otto II. of Germany (955, 973-983).

William II., _Rufus_, of England (1057, 1087-1100).

_King_ (surnamed _Red Beard_), Frederick I., kaiser of Germany, called _Barbarossa_ (1121, 1152-1190).

Horush or Horuc, sultan of Algiers (1474, 1516-1518).

Khair Eddin, sultan of Algiers (*, 1518-1546).

_King_ (surnamed _the Saint_), Boniface I., pope (*, 418-422).

Boniface IV., pope (*, 607-615).

Celestine I., pope (*, 422-432).

Celestine V., pope (1215, 1294-1296).

Charles the Good, count of Flanders (*, 1119-1127).

David of Scotland (*, 1124-1153).

Eric IX. of Sweden (*, 1155-1160).

Ethelred I. of Wessex (*, 866-871).

Eugenius I., pope (*, 654-657).

Felix I., pope (*, 269-274).

Ferdinand III. of Castile and Leon (1200, 1217-1252).

Heinrich II. of Germany (972, 1002-1024).

Julius I., pope (*, 337-352).

Kâng-he of China (*, 1661-1722).

Ladislaus I. of Hungary (1041, 1077-1095).

Leo IX., pope (1002, 1049-1054).

Louis IX., of France (1215, 1226-1270).

Martin I., pope (*, 649-655).

Olaus II. of Norway (992, 1000-1030).

Stephen I. of Hungary (979, 997-1038).

_King_ (surnamed _the Salic_), Conrad II. of Germany (*, 1024-1039).

_King_ (surnamed _the Severe_), Peter I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).

_King_ (surnamed _the Silent_), Anastasius I., emperor of the East (430, 491-518).

William I., Stadtholder (1533, 1544-1584).

_King_ (surnamed _the Simple_), Charles III. of France (879, 893-929).

_King_ (surnamed _the Stammerer_), Louis II., _le Bégue_, of France (846, 877-879).

Michael II., emperor of the East (*, 820-829).

_King_ (surnamed _the Terrible_), Ivan II. of Russia (1529, 1533-1584).

_King_ (surnamed _the Thunderbolt_). Ptolemy, king of Macedon, eldest son of Ptolemy Sotêr I., was so called from his great impetuosity (B.C.*, 285-279).

_King_ (surnamed _the Thunderer_), Stephen II. of Hungary (1100, 1114-1131).

_King_ (surnamed _the Unready_), Ethelred II. of England (*, 978-1016). Unready, in this case, does not mean unprepared, but unwise, lacking _rede_ (“wisdom or counsel”).

_King_ (surnamed _the Valiant_), John IV., duke of Brittany (1338, 1364-1399).

_King_ (surnamed _the Victorious_), Charles VII. of France (1403, 1422-1461).

_King_ (surnamed _the Well-beloved),_ Charles VI. of France (1368, 1380-1422).

Louis XV. of France (1710, 1715-1774).

_King_ (surnamed _the Wise_), Albert II., duke of Austria (1289, 1330-1358).

Alphonso X. of Leon and Castile (1203, 1252-1284).

Charles V. of France, _le Sage_ (1337, 1364-1380).

Che-tsou of China (*, 1278-1295).

Frederick, elector of Saxony (1463, 1544-1554).

James I., _Solomon_, of England (1566, 1603-1625).

John V., duke of Brittany (1389, 1399-1442).

_King_ (surnamed _the Wonder of the World_), Frederick II. of Germany (1194, 1215-1250).

Otto III. of Germany (980, 983-1002).

_King_ (surnamed _the Young_), Dagobert II. of France (652, 656-679).

Leo II., pope (470, 474-474).

Louis VII., _le Jeune_, of France (1120, 1137-1180).

Ludwig II. of Germany (822, 855-875).

Romanus II., emperor of the East (939, 959-963).

=King Franco´ni=, Joachim Murat; so called because his dress was so exceedingly showy that he reminded one of the fine dresses of Franconi, the mountebank (1767-1815).

=King Log=, a _roi fainéant_, an allusion to Æsop’s fable of the _Frogs asking for a King_. Jupiter threw a log into the pond for their first king, and a stork for their second. The one was too passive, the other was a “devourer of his people.”

=King Maker= (_The_), Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, who fell in the battle of Barnet (1420-1471). So called, because when he espoused the Yorkists, Edward IV. was set up king; and when he espoused the Lancastrian side, Henry VI. was restored.

Thus fortune to his end the mighty Warwick brings,
This puissant setter-up and plucker-down of kings.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxii. (1622).

=King Pétaud=, a king whose subjects are all his equals. _The court of King Pétaud_ is a board where no one pays any attention to the chairman; a meeting of all talkers and no hearers. The king of the beggars is called King Pétaud, from the Latin, _peto_, “I beg.”

=King Stork=, a tyrant who devours his subjects and makes them submissive from fear. The allusion is to Æsop’s fable of the _Frogs asking for a King_. Jupiter first sent them a log, but they despised the passive thing; he then sent them a stork, who devoured them.

=King and the Locusts.= A king made a proclamation that, if any man would tell him a story which should last forever, he would make him his heir and son-in-law; but if anyone undertook to do so and failed, he should lose his head. After many failures, came one, and said: “A certain king seized all the corn of his kingdom, and stored it in a huge granary; but a swarm of locusts came, and a small cranny was descried, through which one locust could contrive to creep. So one locust went in, and carried off one grain of corn; and then another locust went in, and carried off another grain of corn; and then another locust went in,” etc.; and so the man went on, day after day, and week after week, “and so another locust went in, and carried off another grain of corn.” A month passed; a year passed. In six months more, the king said, “How much longer will the locusts be?” “Oh, your majesty,” said the story-teller, “they have cleared at present only a cubit, and there are many thousand cubits in the granary.” “Man, man!” cried the king; “you will drive me mad. Take my daughter, take my kingdom, take everything I have: only let me hear no more of these intolerable locusts!”—_Letters from an Officer in India_ (edited by the Rev. S. A. Pears).

=King and the Beggar.= It is said that King Copethua or Cophetua of Africa fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. The girl’s name was Penel´ophon; called by Shakespeare Zenel´ophon (_Love’s Labor’s Lost_, act iv. sc. 1, 1594).

=King and the Cobbler.= The interview between Henry VIII. and a merry London cobbler, is the subject of one of the many popular tales in which Bluff Hal is represented as visiting an humble subject in disguise.

=King of Bark=, Christopher III. of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. So called because, in a time of scarcity, he had the bark of birchwood mixed with meal for food (died 1448).

=King of Bath=, Beau Nash, who was for fifteen years master of the ceremonies of the bath-rooms in that city, and conducted the balls with great splendor and judgment (1674-1761.)

=King of England.= This title was first assumed by Egbert in 828.

=King of Exeter ’Change=, Thomas Clark, friend of the famous Abraham Newland (1737-1817).

=King of France.= This title was first assumed by Louis VII. (1171). It was changed into “King of the French” by the National Assembly in 1789. Louis XVIII. resumed the title “king of France” in 1814; and Louis Phillipe again resumed the more Republican title “king of the French” (1830).

_King of France._ Edward III. of England assumed the title in 1337; but in 1801 it was relinquished by proclamation (time, George III.).

=King of Ireland.= This title was first assumed by Henry VIII. in 1542. The title previously assumed by the kings of England was “lord of Ireland.”

=King of Painters=, a title assumed by Parrhasĭos. Plutarch says he wore a purple robe and a golden crown (fl. B. C. 400).

=King of Preachers=, Louis Bourdaloue, a French clergyman (1632-1704).

=King of Rome=, a title conferred by Napoleon I. on his son the very day he was born; but he was generally called the duke of Reichstadt.

It is thought that this title was given in imitation of Charlemagne. If so, it was a blunder; Charlemagne was never “_king_ of Rome,” but he was “patrician of Rome.” In the German empire, the heir-apparent was “king of the Romans,” not “king of Rome.” This latter title was expressly conferred on the German kings, and sometimes on their heirs, by a coronation at Milan. The German title equivalent to “dauphin,” or “prince of Wales,” was “king of the Romans.”

=King of Ships=, Carausius, who assumed the purple in A. D. 287, and, seizing on Britain, defeated the emperor Maximian Herculius in several naval engagements (250, 287-293).

=King of Yvetot= [_Ev-to_], a king of name only; a mockery king; one who assumes mighty honors without the wherewithal to support them. Yvetot, near Rouen, was a seigneurie, on the possessor of which Clotaire I. conferred the title of king in 534, and the title continued till the fourteenth century.

Il était un roi d’Yvetot,
Peu connu dans l’histoire;
Se levant tard, se couchant tôt,
Dormant fort bien sans gloire.
Béranger.

=King of the Beggars=, Bampfylde Moore Carew (1693-1770). He succeeded Claus Patch, who died 1730, and was therefore king of the beggars for forty years (1730-1770).

=King of the World=, the Roman emperor.

=King Sat on the Rocky Brow= (=_A_=). The reference is to Xerxes viewing the battle of Salmis from one of the declivities of mount Ægăl´ĕos.

A king sat on the rocky brow
Which looks o’er sea-born Salamis;
And ships by thousands, lay below.
Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. (“The Isles of Greece,” 1820).

(“Ships by thousands” is a gross exaggeration. The original fleet was only 1,200 sail, and 400 were wrecked off the coast of Sêpias before the sea-fight of Salamis commenced, thus reducing the number to 800 at most).

=Kings should Die Standing= (_A_), Vespasian said so, and Louis XVIII. of France repeated the same conceit. Both died standing.

=King’s Cave= (_The_), opposite to Campbeltown (Argyllshire); so called because King Robert Bruce, with his retinue, lodged in it.—_Statistical Account of Scotland_, v. 167.

=Kings.= Many lines of kings have taken the name of some famous forefather or some founder of a dynasty as a titular name.—See Selden, _Titles of Honor_, v.

Alban kings, called _Silvius_.
Amalekite kings, _Agag_.
Bithynian kings, _Nicomēdés_.
Constantinopolitan kings, _Constantine_.
Egyptian kings, (ancient), _Pharaoh_.
” ” (mediæval), _Ptolemy_.
Indian kings, called _Palibothrie_ (from the City of Palibothra).
Parthian kings, _Ar´săcês_.
Roman emperors, _Cæsar_.
Servian kings, _Lazar_, _i.e._ Eleazar Bulk or _Bulk-ogar_, sons of
Bulk.
Upsala kings, called _Drott_.
_Royal patronymics._—Athenian, Cecrop´idæ, from _Cecrops_.
Danish, Skiold-ungs, from _Skiold_.
Persian, Achmen´-idæ, from _Achmenês_.
Thessalian, Aleva-dæ, from _Alevas_; etc., etc.

=Kings of Cologne= (_The Three_), the three Magi who came from the East to offer gifts to the infant Jesus. Their names are Melchior, Gaspar, and Belthazar. The first offered _gold_, symbolic of kingship; the second, _frankincense_, symbolic of divinity; the third, _myrrh_, symbolic of death, myrrh being used in embalming the dead. (See COLOGNE).

=Kings of England.= Since the Conquest, not more than three successive sovereigns have reigned without a crisis:

William I, William II., Henry I.
Stephen, usurper.
Henry II., Richard I., John.
The pope gives the crown to the dauphin.
Henry III., Edward I., Edward II.
Edward II. murdered.
Edward III., Richard II.
Richard II. deposed.
Henry IV., V., VI.
Lancaster changed to York.
Edward IV., V., Richard III.
Dynasty changed.
Henry VII., VIII., Edward VI.
Lady Jane Grey.
Mary, Elizabeth.
Dynasty changed.
James I., Charles I.

Charles I. beheaded.

Charles II., James II.
James II. dethroned.
William III., Anne.
Dynasty changed.
George I., II., III.
Regency.
George IV., William IV., Victoria (indirect successions).

_Kings of England._ Except in one instance (that of John), we have never had a _great-grandchild_ sovereign in direct descent. The exception is not creditable, for in John’s reign the kingdom was given away twice; his son, Henry III., was imprisoned by Leicester; and his great-grandson, Edward II., was murdered. In two other instances a _grand-child_ has succeeded, viz., Henry VI., whose reign was a continued civil war; and Edward VI., the sickly son of Jane Seymour. Stephen was a grandchild of William I., but a usurper; Richard II. was a grandchild of Edward III., and George III. was a grandson of George II.; but their fathers did not succeed to the throne.

William I.; his sons, William II., Henry I.

Stephen (a usurper).

Henry II.; his sons, Richard I., John (discrowned).

From John, in regular succession, we have Henry III. (imprisoned), Edward I., Edward II. (murdered), Edward III.

Richard II., son of the Black Prince, and without offspring.

Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI., (civil wars).

Edward IV., Edward V.

Richard III. (no offspring).

Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.

Mary, Elizabeth (daughters of Henry VIII.).

James I., Charles I.

Cromwell (called lord protector).

Charles II., James II. (two brothers).

William III.

Anne.

George I., George II.

George III. (great-grandson of George I., but not in direct descent), George IV.

William IV. (brother of George IV.).

Victoria (the niece of William IV. and George IV.).

_Kings of England._ Three seems to be a kind of ruling number in our English sovereigns. Besides the coincidences mentioned above, connected with the number, may be added the following:—(1) That of the four kings who married French princesses, three of them suffered violent deaths, viz., Edward II., Richard II., and Charles I. (2) The three longest reigns have been three threes, viz., Henry III., Edward III., and George III. (3) We have no instance, as in France, of three brothers succeeding each other.

=Kings of France.= The French have been singularly unfortunate in their choice of royal surnames, when designed to express anything except some personal quality, as _handsome_, _fat_, of which we cannot judge the truth. Thus, Louis VIII., a very feeble man in mind and body, was surnamed _the Lion_; Philippe II., whose whole conduct was overreaching and selfish, was _the Magnanimous_; Philippe III., the tool of Labrosse, was _the Daring_; Philippe VI., the most unfortunate of all the kings of France, was surnamed _the Lucky_; Jean, one of the worst of all the kings, was called _the Good_; Charles VI., an idiot, and Louis XV., a scandalous debauchee, were surnamed _the Well-beloved_; Henri II., a man of pleasure, wholly under the thumb of Diane de Poitiers, was called _the War-like_; Louis XIII., most unjust in domestic life, where alone he had any freedom of action, was called _the Just_; Louis XIV., a man of mere ceremony and posture, who lost battle after battle, and brought the nation to absolute bankruptcy, was surnamed _the Great King_. (He was little in stature, little in mind, little in all moral and physical faculties; and _great_ only in such littlenesses as posturing, dressing, ceremony and gormandizing). And Louis XVIII., forced on the nation by conquerors, quite against the general will, was called _the Desired_.

_Kings of France._ The succession of three brothers has been singularly fatal in French monarchism. The Capetian dynasty terminated with three brothers, sons of Philippe, _le Bel_ (viz., Louis X., Philippe V., and Charles IV.). The Valois dynasty came to an end by the succession of the three brothers, sons of Henri II. (viz., François II., Charles IX., and Henri III.). The next or Bourbon dynasty terminated in the same manner (Louis XVI., Louis XVIII., and Charles X.).

After Charles IV. (the third brother of the Capetian dynasty), came Phillipe de Valois, a collateral descendant; after Henri III. (the third brother of the Valois dynasty), came Henry de Bourbon, a collateral descendant; and after Charles X. (the third brother of the Bourbon dynasty), came Louis Philippe, a collateral descendant. With the third of the third the monarchy ended.

=Kings Playing with their Children.=

[F1: not a paragraph line break?]The fine painting of J. D. Ingres, represents Henri IV. (of France) carrying his children pickaback, to the horror of the Spanish ambassador.

Plutarch tells us that Agesiläos was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a walking-stick, to please and amuse his children.

George III. was on one occasion, discovered on all fours, with one of his children riding astride his back. He is also well remembered by the painting of “George III. Playing at Ball with the Princess Amelia.”

=Kingsale= (_Lord_), allowed to wear his hat in the presence of royalty. In 1203, Hugh de Lacie treacherously seized Sir John de Courcy, lord of Kingsale, and King John condemned him to perpetual imprisonment in the Tower. When he had been there about a year, King John and Philippie _Auguste_ of France agreed to determine certain claims by combat. It was then that John applied to de Courcy to be his champion; and, as soon as the giant knight entered the lists, the French champion ran away panic-struck. John now asked his champion what reward he could give him for his service. “Titles and estates I have enow,” said de Courcy; and then requested that, after having paid obeisance, he and his heirs might stand covered in the presence of the king, and his successors.

Lord Forester had the same right confirmed to him by Henry VIII.

John Pakington, ancestor of Lord Hampton, had a grant made him in the 20th Henry VIII. “of full liberty during his life to wear his hat in the royal presence.”

=Kingship= (_Disqualifications for_). Any personal blemish disqualified a person from being king during the semi-barbarous stage of society; thus, putting out the eyes of a prince, to disqualify him from reigning, was by no means uncommon. It will be remembered that Hubert designed to put out the eyes of Prince Arthur with this object. Witi´za, the Vizigoth, put out the eyes of Theodofred, “inhabilitandole pāra la monarchia,” says Ferraras. When Albuquerque took possession of Ormuz, he deposed fifteen kings of Portugal, and, instead of killing them, put out their eyes.

Yorwerth, son of Owen Gwynedh, was set aside from the Welsh throne because he had a broken nose.

Count Oliba of Barcelona was set aside because he could not speak till he had stamped thrice with his foot, like a goat.

The son of Henry V. was to be received as king of France, only on condition that his body was without defect, and was not stunted.—Monstrelet, _Chroniques_, v. 190 (1512).

Un Conde de Gallicia que fuera valiado,
Pelayo avie nombre, ome fo desforzado,
Perdio la vision, andaba embargado,
Ca ome que non vede, nom debie seer nado.
Gonzalez de Berceo, _S. Dom_, 388 (died 1266).

=Kinmont Willie=, William Armstrong of Kinmonth. This notorious freebooter, who lived in the part latter of the sixteenth century, is the hero of a famous Scotch ballad.

=Kinney= (_Elder_). A good man, married to a pure, good woman. They work together in their home and parish, a benefaction to one another and to their little world, until the husband and pastor is called home by a fatal accident. His wife’s hair turns white under the shock, yet she rallies her strong heart to read her husband’s sermons to his people until they will hear of no other spiritual leader.—Draxy Miller’s Dowry, _Saxe Holm Stories_ (1886).

=Kirk= (_Mr. John_), foreman of the jury on Effie Deans’s trial.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Kirkcaldy= (Scotland), a corruption of Kirk-Culdee, one of the churches founded in 563 by St. Colomb, and his twelve brethren, when they established the Culdee institutions. The doctrines, discipline and government of the Culdees resembled Presbyterianism.

=Kirkrapine= (3 _syl._), a sturdy thief, “wont to rob churches of their ornaments and poor men’s boxes.” All he could lay hands on he brought to the hut of Abessa, daughter of Corce´ca. While Una was in the hut, Kirkrapine knocked at the door, and as it was not immediately opened, knocked it down; whereupon the lion sprang on him, “under his lordly foot did him suppress,” and then “rent him in thousand pieces small.”

The meaning is that popery was reformed by the British lion, which slew Kirkrapine or put a stop to the traffic in spiritual matters. Una represents truth of the Reformed Church.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 3 (1590).

=Kit= [NUBBLES], the lad employed to wait on little Nell, and do all sorts of odd jobs at the “curiosity shop” for her grandfather. He generally begins his sentences with “Why then.” Thus, “’Twas a long way, wasn’t it, Kit!” “Why then, it was a goodish stretch,” returned Kit. “Did you find the house easily?” “Why then, not over and above,” said Kit. “Of course you have come back hungry?” “Why then, I do think I am rather so.” When the “curiosity shop” was broken up by Quilp, Kit took service under Mr. Garland, Abel Cottage, Finchley.

=Kit Carson’s Ride= tells how he, his newly-made bride, and Revels, his comrade, rode before a prairie fire, entangled in a herd of frightened, savage buffaloes, until Revels dropped dead, and the red flames snatched his bride from him, and his horse bore him senseless, into safety.

“Sell Paché! You buy him! A bag full of gold
You show him! Tell of him the tale I have told!
Why he bore me through fire, is blind and is old.”
Joaquin Miller, _Songs of the Sierras_ (1871).

=Kite= (_Sergeant_), the “recruiting officer.” He describes his own character thus:

“I was born a gypsy, and bred among that crew till I was 10 years old; there I learnt _canting_ and _lying_. I was bought from my mother by a certain nobleman for three pistoles, who ... made me his page; there I learnt _impudence_ and _pimping_. Being turned off for wearing my lord’s linen, and drinking my lady’s ratafia, I turned bailiff’s follower; there I learnt _bullying_ and _swearing_. I at last got into the army, and there I learnt ... _drinking_. So that ... the whole sum is: canting, lying, impudence, pimping, bullying, swearing, drinking, and a halberd.”—G. Farquhar, _The Recruiting Officer_, iii. 1 (1705).

Sergeant Kite is an original picture of low life and humor, rarely surpassed.—R. Chambers, _English Literature_, i. 599.

The original “Sergeant Kite” was R. Eastcourt (1668-1713).

=Kitely= (2 _syl._), a rich City merchant, extremely jealous of his wife.—Ben Jonson, _Every Man in His Humor_ (1598).

=Kit-Kat Club,= held in Shire Lane, now called Lower Serle’s Place (London). The members were whig “patriots” who, at the end of William III.’s reign, met to secure the Protestant succession. Joseph Addison, Steele, Congreve, Garth, Vanbrugh, Mainwaring, Walpole, Pulteney, etc., were members.

=Kitt Henshaw=, boatman to Sir Patrick Charteris, of Kidfauns, provost of Perth.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Kittlecourt= (_Sir Thomas_), M.P., neighbor of the laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Kitty=, one of the servants of Mr. Peregrine Lovel. She spoke French like a native, because she was once “a half boarder at Chelsea.” Being asked if she had read Shakespeare: “Shikspur, Shikspur!” she replied. “Who wrote it? No, I never read that book; but I promise to read it over one afternoon or other.”—Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1759).

_Kitty_, younger daughter of Sir David and Lady Dunder, of Dunder Hall, near Dover. She is young, wild, and of exuberant spirits, “her mind full of fun, her eyes full of fire, her head full of novels, and her heart full of love.” Kitty fell in love with Random, at Calais, and agreed to elope with him, but the fugitives were detected by Sir David during their preparations for flight, and, to prevent scandal, the marriage was sanctioned by the parents, and duly solemnized at Dunder Hall.—G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).

=Kitty Ellison.= Young woman from Eriecreek, who travels up the Saguenay, and into Canada, with Boston cousins, and meets _en route_ Mr. Arbuton, a Bostonian of the Bostonians. He cannot help loving her, and incidentally saves her life, yet is ashamed of her plain travelling-gown when they encountered certain Boston women. Kitty sees it, and proudly dismisses him.

“I couldn’t alter both our whole lives or make myself over again, and you couldn’t change yourself. Perhaps you would try, and I know I would, but it would be a wretched failure and disappointment as long as we lived.”—W. D. Howells, _A Chance Acquaintance_ (1873).

=Kitty Pry=, the waiting-maid of Melissa. Very impertinent, very inquisitive, and very free in her tongue. She has a partiality to Timothy Sharp, “the lying valet.”—Garrick, _The Lying Valet_ (1741).

=Kitty Willis=, a loose woman, employed by Saville to attend a masquerade in the same costume as Lady Francis, in order to dupe Courtall.—Mrs. Cowley, _The Belles’ Stratagem_ (1780).

=Klabot´ermann,= a ship-kobold of the Baltic, sometimes heard, but rarely seen. Those who have seen him say he sits on the bowsprit of a phantom ship, called _Carmilhan_, dressed in yellow, wearing a night-cap, and smoking a cutty pipe.

=Kläs= (_Kaiser_), a nickname given to Napoleon I. (1769, 1804-1814, 1821).

Hort mâl lüd, en bitgen still,
Hort wat ick vertellen will,
Van den gröten Kaiser Kläs,
Dat wär mal en fixen Bäs,
Ded von Korsika her tën
Wall de welt mal recht besehm.

Helena de Jumfer is
Nu sîn Brüt, sin Paradis;
Kläs geit mit ër op de Jagd
Drömt nich mehr von krieg un Schlacht,
Un het he mâl Langewil
Schleit he Rötten d’ôt mil’n Bil.
_Kaiser Kläs_.

=Klaus= (_Doctor_), hero and title of a comedy by Herr Adolph l’Arronge (1878). Dr. Klaus is a gruff, but noble-minded and kind-hearted man, whose niece (a rich jeweller’s daughter) has married a poor nobleman of such extravagant notions that the wife’s property is soon dissipated; the young spendthrift is reformed. The doctor has a coachman, who invades his master’s province, and undertakes to cure a sick peasant.

_Klaus_ (_Peter_), the prototype of Rip van Winkle. Klaus _[Klows]_ is a goatherd of Sittendorf, who was one day accosted by a young man, who beckoned him to follow. Peter obeyed, and was led into a deep dell, where he found twelve knights playing skittles, no one of whom uttered a word. Gazing around, he noticed a can of wine, and, drinking some of its contents, was overpowered with sleep. When he awoke, he was amazed at the height of the grass, and when he entered the village everything seemed strange to him. One or two companions encountered him, but those whom he knew as boys were grown middle-aged men, and those whom he knew as middle-aged were gray-beards. After much perplexity he discovered he had been asleep for twenty years (See SLEEPERS).

Your Epimenidês, your somnolent Peter Klaus, since named “Rip van Winkle.”—T Carlyle.

=Kleiner= (_General_), governor of Prague, brave as a lion, but tender-hearted as a girl. It was Kleiner who rescued the infant daughter of Mahldenau at the siege of Magdeburg. A soldier seized the infant’s nurse, but Kleiner smote him down, saved the child, and brought it up as his own daughter. Mahldenau being imprisoned in Prague as a spy, Meeta, his daughter, came to Prague to beg for his pardon, and it then came to light that the governor’s adopted daughter was Meeta’s sister.—S. Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).

=Knag= (_Miss_), forewoman of Mde. Mantalini, milliner, near Cavendish Square, London. After doting on Kate Nickleby for three whole days, this spiteful creature makes up her mind to hate her for ever.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_, xviii. (1838).

=Knickerbocker= (_Diedrich_), _nom de plume_ of Washington Irving, in his _History of New York_ (1809).

=Knight of Arts and Industry=, the hero of Thomson’s _Castle of Indolence_ (canto ii. 7-13, 1748).

=Knight of La Mancha=, Don Quixote de la Mancha, the hero of Cervantes’ novel called _Don Quixote, etc._ (1605-1615).

=Knight of the Blade=, a bully; so called because when swords were worn, a bully was for ever asserting his opinions, by an appeal to his sword.

=Knight of the Ebon Spear=, Britŏmart. In the great tournament she “sends Sir Artegal over his horse’s tail,” then disposes of Cambel, Tri´amond, Blan´damour, and several others in the same summary way, for “no man could bide her enchanted spear.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 4 (1596).

=Knight of the Fatal Sword=, Emedōrous of Grana´da. Known for his love of the incomparable Alzay´da.

“Sir,” said the lady, “your name is so celebrated in the world, that I am persuaded nothing is impossible for your arm to execute.”—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The Knights-Errant,” 1682).

=Knight of the Invincible Sword.= So Am´adis de Gaul styled himself.—Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de Gaul_ (fourteenth century).