Chapter XXI: Part 21

=Lovegold=, the miser, an old man of 60, who wants to marry Mariana, his son’s sweetheart. In order to divert him from this folly, Mariana pretends to be very extravagant, and orders a necklace and ear-rings for £3000, a petticoat and gown from a fabric £12 a yard, and besets the house with duns. Lovegold gives £2000 to be let off the bargain, and Mariana marries the son.—A. Fielding, _The Miser_ a (_réchauffé_ of _L’Avare_, by Molière).

=Love´good= (_2 syl._), uncle to Valentine, the gallant who will not be persuaded to keep his estate.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit without Money_ (1639).

=Lovel=, once the page of Lord Beaufort, in love with Lady Frances; but he concealed his love because young Beaufort “cast his affections first upon the lady.”—Murphy, _The Citizen_ (1757).

_Lovel_ (_Lord_), the bridegroom who lost his bride on the wedding day from playing hide-and-seek. The lady hid in an old oak chest, the lid of which fell on her and closed with a spring-lock. Many years afterwards the chest was sold, and the skeleton of the maiden revealed the mystery of her disappearance.—T. H. Bayley, _The Mistletoe Bough_.

Samuel Rogers has introduced this story in his _Italy_ (pt. i. 18, 1822). He says the bride was Ginevra, only child of Orsini, “an indulgent father;” and that the bridegroom was Francesco Doria, “her playmate from birth, and her first love.” The chest, he says, was an heirloom, “richly carved by Antony, of Trent, with Scripture stories from the life of Christ.” It came from Venice, and had “held the ducal robes of some old ancestors.” After the accident, Francesco, weary of life, flew to Venice, and “flung his life away in battle with the Turks;” Orsini went deranged, and spent the life-long day “wandering in quest of something he could not find.” It was fifty years afterwards that the skeleton was discovered in the chest.

Collet, in his _Relics of Literature_, gives a similar story.

In the _Causes Célèbres_ is another example.

A similar story is attached to Marwell Old Hall, once the residence of the Seymours, and subsequently of the Dacre family, and “the very chest is now the property of the Rev. J. Haygarth, rector of Upham.”—_Post-Office Directory_.

The same tale is told of a chest in Bramshall, Hampshire; and also of a chest in the great house at Malsanger, near Basingstoke.

_Lovel_ (_Lord_), in Clara Reeve’s tale called _The Old English Baron_, appears as a ghost in the obscurity of a dim religious light (1777).

_Lovel_ (_Peregrine_), a wealthy commoner, who suspects his servants of wasting his substance in riotous living; so, giving out that he is going down to his country seat in Devonshire, he returns in the disguise of an Essex bumpkin, and places himself under the care of Philip, the butler, to be taught the duties of a gentleman’s servant. Lovel finds that Philip has invited a large party to supper, that the servants assembled assume the titles and airs of their masters and mistresses, and that the best wines of the cellar are set before them. In the midst of the banquet, he appears before the party in his real character, breaks up the revel, and dismisses all the household, except Tom, whom he places in charge of the cellar and plate.—Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1759).

_Lovel_ (_William_), the hero of a German novel so called, by Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853). (See LOVELL).

=Love´lace= (_2 syl._), the chief male character in Richardson’s novel of _Clarissa Harlowe_. He is rich, proud, and crafty; handsome, brave, and gay; the most unscrupulous but finished libertine; always self-possessed, insinuating and polished (1749).

“Lovelace” is as great an improvement on “Lothario,” from which it was drawn, as Rowe’s hero [in the _Fair Penitent_] had been on the vulgar rake of Massinger.—_Encyc. Brit._, Art. “Romance.”

_Lovelace_ (_2 syl._), a young aristocrat, who angles with flattery for the daughter of Mr. Drugget, a rich London tradesman. He fools the vulgar tradesman to the top of his bent, and stands well with him; but, being too confident of his influence, demurs to the suggestion of the old man to cut two fine yew trees at the head of the carriage drive into a Gog and Magog. Drugget is intensely angry, throws off the young man, and gives his daughter to a Mr. Woodley.—A. Murphy, _Three Weeks after Marriage_.

=Love´less= (_The Elder_), suitor to “The Scornful Lady” (no name given).

_The Younger Loveless_, a prodigal.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Scornful Lady_ (1616).

_Loveless_ (_Edward_), husband of Amanda. He pays undue attention to Berinthia, a handsome young widow, his wife’s cousin; but, seeing the folly of his conduct, he resolves in future to devote himself to his wife with more fidelity.—Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).

=Lovell= (_Benjamin_), a banker, proud of his ancestry, but with a weakness for gambling.

_Elsie Lovell_, his daughter, in love with Victor Orme, the poor gentleman.—Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.

_Lovell_ (_Lord_). Sir Giles Overreach fully expected that his lordship would marry his daughter Margaret; but he married Lady Allworth, and assisted Margaret in marrying Tom Allworth, the man of her choice. (See LOVEL).—Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_ (1628).

=Lovely Obscure= (_The_), Am´adis of Gaul. Same as Belten´ebros.

The great Amădis, when he assumed the name of “The Lovely Obscure,” dwelt either eight years or eight months, I forget which, upon a naked rock, doing penance for some unkindness shown him by the Lady Oria´na. [_The rock is called_ “_The Poor Rock_.”]—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 1 (1605).

=Love´more= (_2 syl._), a man fond of gaiety and pleasure, who sincerely loves his wife; but, finding his home dull, and that his wife makes no effort to relieve its monotony, seeks pleasure abroad, and treats his wife with cold civility and formal politeness. He is driven to intrigue, but, being brought to see its folly acknowledges his faults, and his wife resolves “to try to keep him” by making his home more lively and agreeable.

_Mrs. Lovemore_ (_2 syl._), wife of Mr. Lovemore, who finds if “she would keep her husband” to herself, it is not enough to “be a prudent manager, careless of her own comforts, not much given to pleasure; grave, retired, and domestic; to govern her household, pay the tradesman’s bills, and love her husband;” but to these must be added some effort to please and amuse him, and to make his home bright and agreeable to him.—A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760).

=Lovers= (_Romantic_). The favorites of distinguished men:

ARISTOTLE and Hepyllis.

BOCCACCIO and Fiammetta [_Maria_, daughter of Robert of Naples].

BURNS and Highland Mary [either _Mary Campbell_ or _Mary Robinson_].

BYRON and Teresa [Guiccioli].

CATULLUS and the Lady Clodia, called “Lesbia.”

CHARLES II. of England and Barbara Villiers [duchess of Cleveland]; Louise Renée de Kerouaille [duchess of Portsmouth]; and Nell Gwynne.

CHARLES VII. of France and Agnes Sorel.

CID (_The_) and the fair Ximēna, afterwards his wife.

DANTE and Beatrice [Portinari].

EPICURUS and Leontium.

FRANCOIS I. and la duchesse d’Etampes [_Mdlle. d’Heilly_].

GEORGE I. and the duchess of Kendal [_Erangard Melrose de Schulemberg_].

GEORGE II. and Mary Howard, duchess of Suffolk.

GEORGE III. and the fair quakeress [_Hannah Lightfoot_].

GEORGE IV. and Mrs. Mary Darby Robinson, called “Perdĭta” (1758-1800); Mrs. Fitzherbert, to whom he was privately married in 1785; and the countess of Jersey.

GOETHE and the frau von Stein.

HABINGTON, the poet, and Castāra [_Lucy Herbert_, daughter of Lord Powis], afterwards his wife.

HAZLITT and Sarah Walker.

HENRI II. and Diane de Poitiers.

HENRI IV. and La Belle Gabrielle [d’Estrées].

HENRY II. and the fair Rosamond [_Jane Clifford_].

HORACE and Lesbia.

HELOISE and Abelard.

LAMARTINE and Elvire, the Creole Girl.

LOUIS XIV. and Mdlle. de la Vallière; Mde. de Montespan; Mdlle. de Fontage.

LOVELACE and the divine Althēa, also called Lucasta [_Sacheverell_].

MIRABEAU and Mde. Nehra.

NELSON and Lady Hamilton.

PERICLES and Aspasia.

PETRARCH and Laura [_wife of Hugues de Sade_].

PLATO and Archianassa.

PRIOR and Chloe, or Cloe, the cobbler’s wife of Linden Grove.

RAPHAEL and La Fornarina, the baker’s daughter.

ROUSSEAU and Julie [_la comtesse d’Houdetot_].

SCARRON and Mde. Maintenon, afterwards his wife.

SIDNEY and Stella [_Penelope Devereux_].

SPENSER and Rosalind [_Rose Lynde_, of Kent].

STERNE (in his old age) and Eliza [_Mrs. Draper_].

STESECHOROS and Himĕra.

SURREY (_Henry Howard_, _earl of_) and Geraldine, who married the earl of Lincoln. (See GERALDINE).

SWIFT and (1) Stella [_Hester Johnson_]; (2) Vanessa [_Esther Van Vanhomrigh_].

TASSO and Leonora, or Eleanora [d’Este].

THEOCRITOS and Myrto.

WALLER and Sacharissa [_Lady Dorothea Sidney_].

WILLIAM IV., as duke of Clarence, and Mrs. Jordan [_Dora Bland_].

WOLSEY and Mistress Winter.

WYAT and Anna [_Anne Boleyn_], purely platonic.

=Lovers Struck by Lightning=, John Hewit and Sarah Drew of Stanton Harcourt, near Oxford (July 31, 1718). Gay gives a full description of the incident in one of his letters. On the morning that they obtained the consent of their parents to the match, they went together into a field to gather wild flowers, when a thunderstorm overtook them and both were killed. Pope wrote their epitaph.

⁂ Probably Thomson had this incident in view in his tale of Celadon and Amelia.—See _Seasons_ (“Summer,” 1727).

=Lovers’ Leap.= The leap from the Leuca´dian promontory into the sea. This promontory is in the island of Leucas or Leucadia, in the Ionian Sea. Sappho threw herself therefrom when she found her love for Phaon was not requited.

A precipice on the Guadalhorce (_4 syl._), from which Manuel and Laila cast themselves, is also called “The Lovers’ Leap.” (See LAILA).

=Lovers’ Vows=, altered from Kotzebue’s drama, by Mrs. Inchbald (1800). Baron Wildenhaim, in his youth, seduced Agatha Friburg, and then forsook her. She had a son, Frederick, who in due time became a soldier. While on furlough, he came to spend his time with his mother, and found her reduced to abject poverty, and almost starved to death. A poor cottager took her in, while Frederick, who had no money, went to beg charity. Count Wildenhaim was out with his gun, and Frederick asked alms of him. The count gave him a shilling; Frederick demanded more, and being refused, seized the baron by the throat. The keepers soon came up, collared him, and put him in the castle dungeon. Here he was visited by the chaplain, and it came out that the count was his father. The chaplain being appealed to, told the count the only reparation he could make would be to marry Agatha, and acknowledge the young soldier to be his son. The advice he followed, and Agatha Friburg, the beggar, became the Baroness Wildenhaim, of Wildenhaim Castle.

=Love´rule= (_Sir John_), a very pleasant gentleman, but wholly incapable of ruling his wife, who led him a miserable dance.

_Lady Loverule_, a violent termagant, who beat her servants, scolded her husband, and kept her house in constant hot water, but was reformed by Zakel Jobson, the cobbler. (See DEVIL TO PAY).—C. Coffey, _The Devil to Pay_ (died 1745).

=Love´well=, the husband of Fanny Sterling, to whom he has been clandestinely married for four months.—Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine Marriage_ (1766).

=Loving-Land=, a place where Neptune held his “nymphall,” or feast given to the sea-nymphs.

[_He_] his Tritons made proclaim, a nymphall to be held
In honor of himself in Loving-land, where he
The most selected nymphs appointed had to be.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xx. (1622).

=Lovinski= (_Baron_), the friend of Prince Lupauski, under whose charge the Princess Lodois´ka (_4 syl._) is placed during a war between the Poles and the Tartars. Lovinski betrays his trust by keeping the princess a virtual prisoner, because she will not accept him as a lover. The Count Floreski makes his way into the castle, and the baron seeks to poison him, but at this crisis the Tartars invade the castle, the baron is slain, and Floreski marries the princess.—J.P. Kemble, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Low-Heels and High-Heels=, two factions in Lilliput. The High-heels were opposed to the emperor, who wore low heels, and employed Low-heels in his cabinet. Of course the Low-heels are the whigs, and low-church party, and the High-heels, the tories and high-church party. (See BIG-ENDIANS).—Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Voyage to Lilliput,” 1727).

=Lowestoffe= (_Reginald_), a young Templar.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Lowrie= (_Dan_), thoroughly debased ruffian, who beats his noble daughter, plans again and again to murder or maim an honest man who has defended himself successfully when assailed, and is by mistake, set upon in the dark by the accomplices he has set in ambush for Fergus Derrick and wounded mortally. His last act is to strike blindly at Joan, his daughter.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, _That Lass o’ Lowrie’s_ (1877).

=Lowther= (_Jack_), a smuggler.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Loyal Subject= (_The_), Archas, general of the Muscovites, and the father of Colonel Theodore.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).

=Loyale Epée= (_La_), “the honest soldier,” Marshal de MacMahon (1808, president of France from 1873 to 1879).

=Loys de Dreux=, a young Breton nobleman who joined the Druses, and was appointed their prefect.

Loys (2 _syl._) the boy stood on the leading prow,
Conspicuous in his gay attire.
Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.

=Luath= (2 _syl._), Cuthulin’s “swift-footed hound.”—Ossian, _Fingal_, ii.

Fingal had a dog called “Luath” and another called “Bran.”

In Robert Burns’ poem, called _The Twa Dogs_, the poor man’s dog, which represents the peasantry, is called “Luath” and the gentleman’s dog is “Cæsar.”

=Lucan= (_Sir_), sometimes called “Sir Lucas,” butler of King Arthur, and a knight of the Round Table.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (“Lucan,” ii. 160; “Lucas,” ii. 78; 1470).

=Lucasta=, whom Richard Lovelace celebrates, was Lucy Sacheverell. (_Lucycasta_ or _Lux casta_, “chaste light.”)

=Lucentio=, son of Vicentio of Pisa. He marries Bianca, sister of Katharina, “the Shrew” of Padua.—Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

=Lucetta=, waiting-woman of Julia, the lady-love of Proteus (one of the heroes of the play).—Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594).

=Lu´cia=, daughter of Lucius (one of the friends of Cato at Utica, and a member of the mimic senate). Lucia was loved by both the sons of Cato, but she preferred the more temperate Porcius to the vehement Marcus. Marcus being slain, left the field open to the elder brother.—Addison, _Cato_ (1713).

_Lucia_, in _The Cheats of Scapin_, Otway’s version of _Les Fourberies de Scapin_, by Molière. Lucia, in Molière’s comedy, is called “Zerbinette;” her father, Thrifty, is called “Argante;” her brother, Octavian, is “Octave;” and her sweetheart, Leander, son of Gripe, is called by Molière, “Léandre, son of Géronte” (2 _syl._).

_Lucia_ (_St._) _Struck on St. Lucia’s thorn_, on the rack, in torment, much perplexed and annoyed. St. Lucia was a virgin martyr, put to death at Syracuse, in 304. Her _fête_-day is December 13. The “thorn” referred to is in reality, the point of a sword, shown in all paintings of the saint, protruding through the neck.

If I don’t recruit ... I shall be struck upon St. Lucia’s thorn.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. i. 3 (1615).

=Lucia di Lammermoor=, called by Sir W. Scott, “Lucy Ashton,” sister of Lord Henry Ashton, of Lammermoor. In order to retrieve the broken fortune of the family, Lord Henry arranged a marriage between his sister and Lord Arthur Bucklaw, _alias_ Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw. Unknown to the brother, Edgardo (_Edgar_), master of Ravenswood, (whose family had long had a feud with the Lammermoors), was betrothed to Lucy. While Edgardo was absent in France, Lucia (_Lucy_) is made to believe he is unfaithful to her, and in her despair she consents to marry the laird of Bucklaw, but on the wedding night she stabs him, goes mad, and dies.—Donizetti, _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (an opera, 1835); Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

=Luci´ana=, sister of Adrian´a. She marries Antipholus, of Syracuse.—Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).

=Lu´cida=, the lady-love of Sir Ferramont.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 5 (1596).

=Lucifer= is described by Dantê as a huge giant, with three faces: one red, indicative of anger; one yellow, indicative of envy; and one black, indicative of melancholy. Between his shoulders, the poet says, there shot forth two enormous wings, without plumage, “in texture like a bat’s.” With these “he flapped i’ the air,” and “Cocy´tus to its depth was frozen.” “At six eyes he wept,” and at every mouth he champed a sinner.—Dantê, _Hell_, xxxiv. (1301).

=Lucif´era= (_Pride_), daughter of Pluto and Proser´pĭna. Her usher was Vanity. Her chariot was drawn by six different beasts, on each of which was seated one of the queen’s counsellors. The foremost beast was an ass, ridden by Idleness, who resembled a monk; paired with the ass was a swine, on which rode Gluttony, clad in vine leaves. Next came a goat, ridden by Lechery, arrayed in green; paired with the goat was a camel, on which rode Avarice, in threadbare coat and cobbled shoes. The next beast was a wolf, bestrid by Envy, arrayed in a kirtle full of eyes; and paired with the wolf was a lion, bestrid by Wrath, in a robe all blood-stained. The coachman of the team was Satan.

Lo? underneath her scornful feet was lain
A dreadful dragon, with a hideous train;
And in her hand she held a mirror bright,
Wherein her face she often viewëd fain.
Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 4 (1590).

=Lucille=. Brunette, in love with and beloved by _Lord Alfred_. They are separated by circumstances, and meet again when Alfred’s promise to another woman hinders a marriage between Lucille and her lover. She remains single and becomes a Sister of Mercy.—_Lucille_, poem, by Owen Meredith, (Robert, Lord Lytton).

=Lucinda=, the daughter of opulent parents, engaged in marriage to Cardenio, a young gentleman of similar rank and equal opulence. Lucinda was, however, promised by her father in marriage to Don Fernando, youngest son of the Duke Ricardo. When the wedding day arrived, the young lady fell into a swoon, and a letter informed Don Fernando that the bride was married already to Cardenio. Next day, she left the house privately, and took refuge in a convent, whence she was forcibly abducted by Don Fernando. Stopping at an inn, the party found there Dorothea, the wife of Don Fernando, and Cardenio, the husband of Lucinda, and all things arranged themselves satisfactorily to the parties concerned.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. (1605).

_Lucinda_, the bosom friend of Rosetta; merry, coquettish, and fit for any fun. She is the daughter of Justice Woodcock, and falls in love with Jack Eustace, against her father’s desire. Jack, who is unknown to the justice, introduces himself into the house, as a music-master; and Sir William Meadows induces the old man to consent to the marriage of the young people.—I. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_.

_Lucinda_, referred to by the poet Thomson in his _Spring_, was Lucy Fortescue, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, of Devonshire, and wife of Lord George Lyttelton.

O Lyttelton....
Courting the Muse, thro’ Hagely Park thou strayest....
Perhaps thy loved Lucinda shares thy walk,
With soul to thine attuned.
Thomson, _The Seasons_ (“Spring,” 1728).

=Lucinde= (2 _syl._), daughter of Sganarelle. As she has lost her spirit and appetite, her father sends for four physicians, who all differ as to the nature of the malady and the remedy to be applied. Lisette (her waiting-woman) sends in the meantime for Clitandre, the lover of Lucinde, who comes under the guise of a mock doctor. He tells Sganarelle the disease of the young lady must be reached through the imagination, and prescribes the semblance of a marriage. As his assistant is in reality a notary, the mock marriage turns out to be a real one.—Molière, _L’Amour Médecin_ (1665).

_Lucinde_ (2 _syl._), daughter of Géronte (2 _syl._). Her father wanted her to marry Horace; but as she was in love with Léandre, she pretended to have lost the power of articulate speech, to avoid a marriage which she abhorred. Sganarelle, the faggot-maker, was introduced as a famous dumb doctor, and soon saw the state of affairs; so he took with him Léandre as an apothecary, and the young lady received a perfect cure from “pills matrimoniac.”—Molière, _Le Médicin Malgré Lui_ (1666).

=Lu´cio=, a fantastic, not absolutely bad, but vicious and dissolute. He is unstable, “like a wave of the sea, driven by the wind and tossed,” and has no restraining principle.—Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).

=Lucip´pe= (3 _syl._), a woman attached to the suite of the princess Calis (sister of Astorax, king of Paphos).—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1618).

=Lu´cius=, son of Coillus; a mythical king of Britain. Geoffrey says he sent a letter to Pope Eleutherius (177-193) desiring to be instructed in the Christian religion, whereupon the pope sent over Dr. Faganus and Dr. Duvanus for the purpose. Lucius was baptized, and “people from all countries” with him. The pagan temples in Britain were converted into churches, the archflamens into archbishops, and the flamens into bishops. So there were twenty-eight bishops and three archbishops.—_British History_, iv. 19, (1470).

He our flamens’ seats who turned to bishops’ sees,
Great Lucius, that good king to whom we chiefly owe
This happiness we have—Christ crucified to know.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

After baptism, St. Lucius abdicated, and became a missionary in Switzerland, where he died a martyr’s death.

_Lucius_ (_Caius_), general of the Roman forces in Britain, in the reign of king Cym´beline (3 _syl._).—Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).

=Lucius Tiberius=, general of the Roman army, who wrote to King Arthur, commanding him to appear at Rome to make satisfaction for the conquests he had made, and to receive such punishment as the senate might think proper to pass on him. This letter induced Arthur to declare war with Rome. So, committing the care of government to his nephew Modred, he marched to Lyonaise (in Gaul), where he won a complete victory, and left Lucius dead on the field. He now started for Rome; but being told that Modred had usurped the crown, he hastened back to Britain, and fought the great battle of the West, where he received his death wound from the hand of Modred.—Geoffrey, _British History_, ix. 15-20; x (1142).

Great Arthur did advance
To meet, with his allies, that puissant force in France
By Lucius thither led.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).

=Luck of Roaring Camp=. A baby born in a mining-camp, loses his mother in the first hour of his life, and is adopted by “the boys.” A run of success having followed mining operations since his birth, he is named “Luck.” His cabin is kept clean, a rosewood cradle brought fifty miles for his use, “the boys” take turns in holding him, and must be clean before they can do it. He is taken daily up the “gulch,” to be in the shade while they work, but “Kentuck” is his chief guardian. One night a freshet carries off Kentuck’s hut, the owner and “The Luck.” Man and baby are picked up below; the child is dead, the man dying, “He’s a takin’ me with him. Tell the boys I’ve got ‘The Luck’ with me now!” and the strong man clinging to the frail babe as a drowning man is said to cling to a straw, drifted away with the shadowy river that flows forever to the unknown sea.—Bret Harte, _The Luck of Roaring Camp_ (1870).

=Lucre´tia=, daughter of Spurius Lucretius, prefect of Rome, and wife of Tarquinius Collati´nus. She was dishonored by Sextus, the son of Tarquinius Superbus. Having avowed her dishonor in the presence of her father, her husband, Junius Brutus, and some others, she stabbed herself.

This subject has been dramatized in _French_ by Ant. Vincent Arnault, in a tragedy called _Lucrèce_ (1792); and by François Ponsard in 1843. In _English_, by Thomas Heywood, in a tragedy entitled _The Rape of Lucrece_ (1630); by Nathaniel Lee, entitled _Lucius Junius Brutus_ (seventeenth century); and by John H. Payne, entitled _Brutus_ or _the Fall of Tarquin_ (1820). Shakespeare selected the same subject for his poem entitled _The Rape of Lucrece_ (1594).

=Lucrezia di Borgia=, daughter of Pope Alexander VI. She was thrice married, her last husband being Alfonso, duke of Ferra´ra. Before this marriage, she had a natural son, named Genna´ro, who was brought up by a Neapolitan fisherman. When grown to manhood, Gennaro had a commission given him in the army, and in the battle of Rim´ini he saved the life of Orsini. In Venice he declaimed freely against the vices of Lucrezia di Borgia, and on one occasion he mutilated the escutcheon of the duke, by knocking off the B, thus converting Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia insisted that the perpetrator of this insult should suffer death by poison; but when she discovered that the offender was her own son, she gave him an antidote, and released him from jail. Scarcely, however, was he liberated, than he was poisoned at a banquet given by the Princess Neg´roni. Lucrezia now told Gennaro that he was her own son, and died as her son expired.—Donizetti, _Lucrezia di Borgia_ (an opera, 1834).

⁂ Victor Hugo has a drama entitled _Lucrèce Borgia_.

=Lucullus=, a wealthy Roman, noted for his banquets and self-indulgence. On one occassion, when a superb supper had been prepared, being asked who were to be his guests, he replied, “Lucullus will sup to-night with Lucullus” (B.C. 110-57).

Ne’er Falernian threw a richer
Light upon Lucullus’ tables.
Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.

=Luc´umo=, a satrap, chieftain, or khedive among the ancient Etruscans. The over-king was called _lars_. Servius, the grammarian says: “Lŭcŭmo _rex_ sonat linguâ Etruscâ;” but it was such a king as that of Bavaria in the empire of Germany, where the king of Prussia is the _lars_.

And plainly and more plainly
Now might the burghers know,
By port and vest, by horse and crest,
Each warlike lucumo.
Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Horatius,” xxiii., 1842).

=Lucy=, a dowerless girl, betrothed to Amidas. Being forsaken by him for the wealthy Philtra, she threw herself into the sea, but was saved by clinging to a chest. Both being drifted ashore, it was found that the chest contained great treasures, which Lucy gave to Bracidas, the brother of Amidas, who married her. In this marriage, Bracidas found “two goodly portions, and the better she.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 4 (1596).

=Lucy Fountain=. The heroine of _Love Me Little, Love Me Long_. She has sundry suitors, each backed by her uncle or her aunt, and chooses for herself a stalwart, handsome sailor, David Dodd by name, who adores her. She figures as a devoted wife and mother in _Very Hard Cash_, Charles Reade.

_Lucy_, daughter of Mr. Richard Wealthy, a rich London merchant. Her father wanted her to marry a wealthy tradesman, and as she refused to do so, he turned her out of doors. Being introduced as a _fille de joie_ to Sir George Wealthy, “the minor,” he soon perceived her to be a modest girl, who had been entrapped, and he proposed marriage. When the facts of the case were known, Mr. Wealthy and the Sir William (the father of the young man) were delighted at the happy termination of what might have proved a most untoward affair.—S. Foote, _The Minor_ (1760).

_Lucy_ [GOODWILL], a girl of 16, and a child of nature, reared by her father, who was a widower. “She has seen nothing,” he says; “she knows nothing, and, therefore, has no will of her own.” Old Goodwill wished her to marry one of her relations, that his money might be kept in the family; but Lucy had “will” enough of her own to see that her relations were boobies, and selected for her husband a big, burly footman, named Thomas.—Fielding, _The Virgin Unmasked_.

_Lucy_ [LOCKIT], daughter of Lockit, the jailer, a foolish young woman, who, decoyed by Captain Macheath, under the specious promise of marriage, effected his escape from jail. The captain, however, was recaptured, and condemned to death; but, being reprieved, confessed himself married to Polly Peachum, and Lucy was left to seek another mate.

How happy could I be with either [_Lucy or Polly_],
Were t’other dear charmer away!
J. Gay, _The Beggars Opera_, ii. 2 (1727).

Miss Fenton (duchess of Bolton) was the original “Lucy Lockit” (1708-1760).

=Lucy and Colin.= Colin was betrothed to Lucy, but forsook her for a bride “thrice as rich as she.” Lucy drooped, but was present at the wedding; and when Colin saw her, “the damps of death bedewed his brow, and he died.” Both were buried in one tomb, and many a hind and plighted maid resorted thither, “to deck it with garlands and true love knots.”—T. Tickell, _Lucy and Colin_.

⁂ Vincent Bourne has translated this ballad into Latin verse.

Through all Tickell’s works there is a strain of ballad thinking.... In this ballad [_Lucy and Colin_], he seems to have surpassed himself. It is, perhaps, the best in our language.—Goldsmith, _Beauties of English Poetry_ (1767).

=Lucyl´ius= (B.C. 148-103), the father of Roman satire.

I have presumed, my lord, for to present
With this poor Glasse, which is of trustie Steele [_satire_],
And came to me by wil and testament
Of one that was a Glassmaker [_satirist_] indeede:
Lucylius, this worthy man was namde.
G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577).

=Lud=, son of Heli, who succeeded his father as king of Britain. “Lud rebuilt the walls of Trinovantum, and surrounded the city with innumerable towers ... for which reason it was called Kaer-lud, Anglicized into Ludton, and softened into London.... When dead, his body was buried by the gate ... Parthlud, called in Saxon Ludes-gate.”—Geoffrey, _British History_, iii. 20 (1142).

... that mighty Lud, in whose eternal name Great London still shall live (by him rebuilded). Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

(“Parth-lud,” in Latin _Porta-Lud_).

=Lud= (_General_), the leader of distressed and riotous artisans in the manufacturing districts of England, who, in 1811, endeavoured to prevent the use of power-looms.

=Luddites= (_2 syl._), the riotous artisans who followed the leader called General Lud.

Above thirty years before this time, an imbecile named Ned Lud, living in a village in Leicestershire, being tormented by some boys, ... pursued one of them into a house, and ... broke two stocking-frames. His name was taken by those who broke power-looms.—H. Martineau.

=Ludovico=, chief minister of Naples. He heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize the crown. Ludovico is the craftiest of villains, but, being caught in his own guile, he is killed.—Sheil, _Evadne_, or _The Statue_ (1820).

=Ludwal= or =Idwal=, son of Roderick the Great, of North Wales. He refused to pay Edgar, king of England, the tribute which had been levied ever since the time of Æthelstan. William of Malmesbury tells us that Edgar commuted the tribute for 300 wolves’ heads yearly; the wolf-tribute was paid for three years, and then discontinued, because there were no more wolves to be found.

O, Edgar! who compelledst our Ludwal hence to pay
Three hundred wolves a year for tribute unto thee.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).

=Lufra=, Douglas’s dog, “the fleetest hound in all the North.”—Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_ (1810).

Ellen, the while, with bursting heart,
Remained in lordly bower apart ...
While Lufra, crouching at her side,
Her station claimed with jealous pride.
Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_, vi. 23 (1810).

=Lu´gier=, the rough, confident tutor of Oriana, etc., and chief engine whereby “the wild goose” Mirabel is entrapped into marriage with her.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652).

=Luke,= brother-in-law of “the city madam.” He was raised from a state of indigence into enormous wealth by a deed of gift of the estates of his brother, Sir John Frugal, a retired merchant. While dependent on his brother, Lady Frugal (“the city lady”) treated Luke with great scorn and rudeness; but, when she and her daughter became dependent on him, he cut down the superfluities of the fine lady to the measure of her original state—as daughter of Goodman Humble, farmer.—Massinger, _The City Madam_ (1639).

Massinger’s best characters are the hypocritical “Luke” and the heroic “Marullo.”—W. Spalding.

_Luke_, patriarch’s nuncio, and bishop of the Druses. He terms the Druses,

... the docile crew
My bezants went to make me bishop of.
Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, v.

_Luke (Sir)_ or SIR LUKE LIMP, a tuft-hunter, a devotee to the bottle, and a hanger-on of great men for no other reason than mere snobbism. Sir Luke will “cling to Sir John till the baronet is superseded by my lord; quitting the puny peer for an earl, and sacrificing all three to a duke.”—S. Foote, _The Lame Lover_.

=Luke’s Bird= (_St._), the ox.

=Luke’s Iron Crown.= George and Luke Dosa headed an unsuccessful revolt against the Hungarian nobles in the sixteenth century. Luke was put to death by a red-hot iron crown, in mockery of his having been proclaimed king.

This was not an unusual punishment for those who sought regal honors in the Middle Ages. Thus, when Tancred usurped the crown of Sicily, Kaiser Heinrich VI. of Germany, set him on a red-hot iron throne, and crowned him with a red-hot iron crown (twelfth century).

⁂ The “iron crown of Lombardy” must not be mistaken for an iron crown of punishment. The former is one of the nails used in the Crucifixion, beaten out into a thin rim of iron, magnificently set in gold, and adorned with jewels. Charlemagne and Napoleon I. were both crowned with it.

=Lully= (_Raymond_), an alchemist who searched for the philosopher’s stone by distillation, and made some useful chemical discoveries. Lully was also a magician and a philosophic dreamer. He is generally called _Doctor Illuminātus_ (1235-1315).

He talks of Raymond Lully and the ghost of Lilly [_q.v._]. W. Congreve, _Love for Love_, iii. (1695).

=Lumbercourt= (_Lord_), a voluptuary, greatly in debt, who consented, for a good money consideration, to give his daughter to Egerton McSycophant. Egerton, however, had no fancy for the lady, but married Constantia, the girl of his choice. His lordship was in alarm lest this _contretemps_ should be his ruin; but Sir Pertinax told him the bargain should still remain good if Egerton’s younger brother, Sandy, were accepted by his lordship instead. To this his lordship readily agreed.

_Lady Rodolpha Lumbercourt_, daughter of Lord Lumbercourt, who, for a consideration, consented to marry Egerton McSycophant; but, as Egerton had no fancy for the lady, she agreed to marry Egerton’s brother, Sandy, on the same terms.

“As I ha’ nae reason to have the least affection till my Cousin Egerton, and as my intended marriage with him was entirely an act of obedience till my grandmother, provided my Cousin Sandy will be as agreeable till her ladyship as my Cousin Charles here would have been, I have nae the least objection till the change. Ay, ay, one brother is as good to Rodolpha as another.”—C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_, v. (1764).

=Lumbey= (_Dr._), a stout, bluff-looking gentleman, with no shirt-collar, and a beard that had been growing since yesterday morning; for the doctor was very popular, and the neighborhood prolific.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

=Lumley= (_Captain_), in the royal army under the duke of Montrose.—Sir. W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Lumon=, a hill in Inis-Huna, near the residence of Sulmalla. Sulmalla was the daughter of Conmor (king of Inis-Huna) and his wife, Clun´-galo.—Ossian, _Temora_.

Where art thou, beam of light? Hunters from the mossy rock, saw you the blue-eyed fair? Are her steps on grassy Lumon, near the bed of roses? Ah me! I beheld her bow in the hall. Where art thou, beam of light?

=Lumpkin= (_Tony_), the rough, good-natured booby son of Mrs. Hardcastle, by her first husband. Tony dearly loved a practical joke, and was fond of low society, spending most of his time at the tavern, where he could air his conceit and self-importance. He is described as “an awkward booby, reared up and spoiled at his mother’s apron-string;” and “if burning the footman’s shoes, frighting the maids, and worrying the kittens, be humorous,” then Tony was indeed a humorous fellow. By his blundering he first gets everybody into difficulties and then by fresh blunders brings everything right again.—Oliver Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

=Lun.= So John Rich called himself when he performed “harlequin.” It was John Rich who introduced pantomime (1681-1761).

On one side Folly sits, by some called Fun;
And on the other his archpatron, Lun.
Churchill.

=Luna= (_Il contê di_), uncle of Manri´co. He entertains a base passion for the Princess Leonōra, who is in love with Manrico; and, in order to rid himself of his rival, is about to put him to death, when Leonora promises to give herself to him if he will spare her lover. The count consents; but, while he goes to release his captive, Leonora poisons herself.—Verdi, _Il Trovato´rê_ (an opera, 1853).

=Lundin= (_Dr. Luke_), the chamberlain at Kinross.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Lundin (The Rev. Sir Louis)_, town clerk of Perth.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Lunsford= (_Sir Thomas_), governor of the Tower. A man of such vindictive temper that the name was used as a terror to children.

Made children with your tones to run for’t,
As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford.
S. Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 2, line 1112 (1678).

From Fielding and from Vavasour,
Both ill-affected men;
From Lunsford eke deliver us,
That eateth childëren.

=Lupauski= (_Prince_), father of Princess Lodois´ka (4 _syl._).—J. P. Kemble, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Lu´pin= (_Mrs._), hostess of the Blue Dragon. A buxom, kind-hearted woman, ever ready to help any one over a difficulty.—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Lu´ria,= a noble Moor, single-minded, warm-hearted, faithful and most generous; employed by the Florentines to lead their army against the Pisans (fifteenth century). Luria was entirely successful; but the Florentines, to lessen their obligation to the conqueror, hunted up every item of scandal they could find against him: and, while he was winning their battles, he was informed that he was to be brought to trial to answer these floating censures. Luria was so disgusted at this that he took poison to relieve the state, by his death, of a debt of gratitude which the republic felt too heavy to be borne.—Robert Browning, _Luria_.

=Lu´siad=, the adventures of the Lusians (_Portuguese_), under Vasquez da Gama, in their discovery of India. Bacchus was the guardian power of the Mohammedans, and Venus or Divine Love of the Lusians. The fleet first sailed to Mozambique, then to Quil´oa, then to Melinda (in Africa), where the adventurers were hospitably received and provided with a pilot to conduct them to India. In the Indian Ocean, Bacchus tried to destroy the fleet; but the “silver star of Divine Love” calmed the sea, and Gama arrived at India in safety. Having accomplished his object, he returned to Lisbon.—Camoens, _The Lusiad_, in ten books (1572).

⁂ Vasquez da Gama sailed thrice to India: (1) in 1497, with four vessels. This expedition lasted two years and two months. (2) In 1502, with twenty ships. In this expedition he was attacked by Zamorin, king of Calicut, whom he defeated, and returned to Lisbon the year following. (3) When John III. appointed him viceroy of India. He established his government at Cochin, where he died in 1525. The story of _The Lusiad_ is the first of these expeditions.

=Lusignan= [D’OUTREMER], king of Jerusalem, taken captive by the Saracens, and confined in a dungeon for twenty years. When 80 years old, he was set free by Osman, the sultan of the East, but died within a few days.—A. Hill, _Zara_ (adapted from Voltaire’s tragedy).

=Lusita´nia=, the ancient name of Portugal; so called from Lusus, the companion of Bacchus in his travels. This Lusus colonized the country, and called it “Lusitania,” and the colonists “Lusians.”—Pliny, _Historia Naturalis_, iii. 1.

=Luther= (_The Danish_), Hans Tausen. There is a stone in Viborg called “Tausensminde,” with this inscription: “Upon this stone, in 1528, Hans Tausen first preached Luther’s doctrine in Viborg.”

=Lutin=, the gypsy page of Lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Lux Mundi=, Johann Wessel; also called _Magister Contradictionum_, for his opposition to the Scholastic philosophy. He was the predecessor of Luther (1419-1489).

=Luz=, a bone which the Jews affirm remains uncorrupted till the last day, when it will form the nucleus of the new body. This bone Mahomet called _Al Ajb_, or the rump bone.

Eben Ezra and Manasseh ben Israil say this bone is in the rump.

The learned rabbins of the Jews
Write, there’s a bone, which they call luez (1 _syl._)
I’ the rump of man.
S. Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 2 (1678).

=Lyæus= (“_spleen-melter_”), one of the names of Bacchus.

He perchance the gifts
Of young Lyæus, and the dread exploits,
May sing.
Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

=Lyb´ius= (_Sir_), a very young knight who undertook to rescue the lady of Sinadone. After overcoming sundry knights, giants, and enchanters, he entered the palace, when the whole edifice fell to pieces, and a horrible serpent coiled about his neck and kissed him. The spell being broken, the serpent turned into the lady of Sinadone, who became Sir Lybius’s bride.—_Libeaux_ (a romance).

=Lyca´on=, king of Arcadia, instituted human sacrifices and was metamorphosed into a wolf. Some say all his sons were also changed into wolves, except one named Nictimus. Oh that

Of Arcady the beares
Might plucke away thine ears;
The wilde wolf, Licăon´,
Bite asondre thy backe-bone.
J. Skelton, _Philip Sparow_ (time, Henry VIII.).

For proof, when with Lycā´on’s tyranny
Man durst not deal, then did Jove....
Him fitly to the greedy wolf transform.
Lord Brooke, _Declination of Monarchy_ (1633).

=Lychor´ida=, nurse of Mari´na, who was born at sea. Marina was the daughter of Pericles, prince of Tyre, and his wife, Thais´a.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Lyc´idas=, the name under which Milton celebrates the untimely death of Edward King, fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Edward King was drowned in the passage from Chester to Ireland, August 10, 1637. He was the son of Sir John King, secretary for Ireland.

⁂ Lycĭdas is the name of a shepherd in Virgil’s _Eclogue_, iii.

=Lycome´des= (4 _syl._), king of Scyros, to whose court Achillês was sent, disguised as a maiden, by his mother Thetis, who was anxious to prevent his going to the Trojan war.

=Lydia=, daughter of the king of Lydia, was sought in marriage by Alcestês, a Thracian knight. His suit being rejected, he repaired to the king of Armenia, who gave him an army, with which he beseiged Lydia. He was persuaded to raise the siege, and the lady tested the sincerity of his love by a series of tasks, all of which he accomplished. Lastly, she set him to put to death his allies, and, being powerless, mocked him. Alcestês pined and died, and Lydia was doomed to endless torment in hell.—Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_, xvii. (1516).

_Lydia_, lady’s-maid to Widow Green. She was the sister of Trueworth, ran away from home to avoid a hateful marriage, took service for the nonce, and ultimately married Waller. She was “a miracle of virtue, as well as beauty,” warm-hearted, and wholly without artifice.—S. Knowles, _The Love-Chase_ (1837).

=Lydia Blood.= (See THE LADY OF THE AROOSTOOK.)

=Lydia Languish=, niece and ward of Mrs. Malaprop. She had a fortune of £30,000, but, if she married without her aunt’s consent, forfeited the larger part thereof. She was a great novel reader and was courted by two rival lovers—Bob Acres and Captain Absolute, whom she knew only as ensign Beverley. Her aunt insisted that she should throw over the ensign and marry the son of Sir Anthony Absolute, and great was her joy to find that the man of her own choice was that of her aunt—_nomine mutato_. Bob Acres resigned all claim on the lady to his rival.—Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).

=Lydian Poet= (_The_), Alcman of Lydia (fl. B.C. 670).

=Lyddy Russell.= The last New England witch of whom we have authentic record. She followed a schooner out to sea and raised a terrible storm, she riding the highest waves, shrieking with laughter. The captain, Ezra Coffin, saw her, and charging his gun with a silver bullet, shot her dead. The storm subsided at once and old Lyddy was washed ashore, clutching a bit of sail cloth, and with the silver bullet in her breast.—Clara Florida Guernsey, _Old and New_ (1873).

=Lygo´nes=, father of Spaco´nia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _A King or no King_ (1611).

=Lying Traveller= (_The_), Sir John Mandeville (1300-1372).

=Lying Valet= (_The_), Timothy Sharp, the lying valet of Charles Gayless. He is the Mercury between his master and Melissa, to whom Gayless is about to be married. The object of his lying is to make his master, who has not a sixpence in the world, pass for a man of fortune.—D. Garrick, _The Lying Valet_ (1741).

=Lyle= (_Annot_), daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell, the knight of Ardenvohr. She was brought up by the M’Aulays, and was beloved by Allan M’Aulay; but she married the earl of Menteith.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.)

=Lyn´ceus=, one of the Argonauts; so sharp-sighted that he could discern objects at a distance of 130 miles. Varro says he could “see through rocks and trees;” and Pliny, that he could see “the infernal regions through the earth.”

Strange tale to tel: all officers be blynde,
And yet their one eye, sharpe as Lin´ceus sight.
G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577).

=Lynch= (_Governor_), was a great name in Galway, Ireland. It is said that he hanged his only son out of the window of his own house (1526). The very window from which the boy was hung is carefully preserved, and still pointed out to travellers.—_Annals of Galway_.

=Lynch Law=, law administered by a self-constituted judge. Webster says James Lynch, a farmer of Piedmont, in Virginia, was selected by his neighbors (in 1688) to try offences on the frontier summarily, because there were no law courts within seven miles of them.

=Lynchno´bians=, lantern-sellers, that is, booksellers and publishers. Rabelais says they inhabit a little hamlet near Lantern-land.—Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_, v. 33 (1545).

=Lyndon= (_Barry_), an Irish sharper, whose adventures are told by Thackeray. The story is full of spirit, variety, and humor, reminding one of _Gil Blas_. It first came out in _Fraser’s Magazine_.

=Lynette=, sister of Lady Lyonors of Castle Perilous. She goes to King Arthur, and prays him to send Sir Lancelot to deliver her sister from certain knights. The king assigns the quest to Beaumains (the nickname given by Sir Kay to Gareth), who had served for a twelvemonth in Arthur’s kitchen. Lynette is exceedingly indignant, and treats her champion with the utmost contumely; but, after each victory, softens towards him, and at length marries him.—Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Gareth and Lynette”).

⁂ This version of the tale differs from that of the _History of Prince Arthur_ (Sir T. Malory, 1470) in many respects. (See LINET.)

=Lyon= (_Esther_), clergyman’s daughter, won to sympathy with the radicalism she had despised, by the young revolutionist, Felix Holt, whose wife she becomes.—George Elliot, _Felix Holt_.

=Lyonors=, daughter of Earl Sanam. She came to pay homage to King Arthur, and by him became the mother of Sir Borre (1 _syl._), one of the knights of the Round Table.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 15 (1470).

⁂ Lionês, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and sister of Linet, of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth. Tennyson calls this Lady “Lyonors,” and makes Gareth marry her sister, who, we are told in the _History_, was married to Sir Gaheris (Gareth’s brother).

_Lyonors_, the lady of Castle Perilous, where she was held captive by several knights called Morning Star _or_ Phosphŏrus, Noonday Sun _or_ Merid´ies, Evening Star _or_ Hesperus, and Night _or_ Nox. Her sister, Lynette, went to King Arthur, to crave that Sir Lancelot might be sent to deliver Lyonors from her oppressor. The king gave the quest to Gareth, who was knighted, and accompanied Lynette, who used him very scornfully at first; but at every victory which he gained she abated somewhat of her contempt; and married him after he had succeeded in delivering Lyonors. The lot of Lyonors is not told. (See LIONES.)—Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Gareth and Lynette”).

⁂ According to the collection of tales edited by Sir T. Malory, the Lady Lyonors was quite another person. She was daughter of Earl Sanam, and mother of Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15). It was Lionês who was the sister of Linet, and whose father was Sir Persaunt, of Castle Perilous (pt. i. 153). The _History_ says that Lionês married Gareth, and Linet married his brother, Sir Gaheris. (See GARETH.)

=Lyrists= (_Prince of_), Franz Schubert (1797-1828).

=Lysander=, a young Athenian, in love with Hermia, daughter of Egēus (3 _syl._). Egēus had promised her in marriage to Demētrius, and insisted that she should either marry him or suffer death “according to the Athenian law.” In this dilemma, Hermia fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in pursuit, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four fell asleep, and “dreamed a dream” about the faries. When Demetrius awoke he become more reasonable, for seeing that Hermia disliked him and Helena loved him sincerely, he consented to forego the former and wed the latter. Egeus, being informed thereof, now readily agreed to give his daughter to Lysander, and all went merry as a marriage bell.—Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Lysim´achus=, governor of Medali´nê, who married Mari´na, the daughter of Per´iclês, prince of Tyre, and his wife, Thais´a.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

_Lysimachus_, the artist, a citizen.—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Lyttel Boy= (_The_). A troublesome baby that always clung to his busy mother although she bade him “runne and play.”

“He wolde not goe, but tarrying soe
Ben allwais in the way”—

until he was taken out of the way, to heaven.

* * * * *
“And then a moder felt her heart
How that it ben to-torne,—
She kissed each day till she ben gray,
The shoon he use to worn:

No bairn let hold untill her gown,
Nor played upon the floore,—
Goddes’ was the joy; a lyttel boy
Ben in the way no more!”
Eugene Field, _A Little Book of Western Verse_
(1890).

=Lyttelton,= addressed by Thompson in “Spring,” was Lord George Lyttelton, of Hagley Park, Worcestershire, who procured for the poet a pension of £100 a year. He was a poet and historian (1709-1773).

O Lyttelton ... from these distracted, oft
You wander thro’ the philosophic world; ...
And oft, conducted by historic truth,
You tread the long extent of backward time; ...
Or, turning thence thy view, these graver thoughts
The Muses charm.
Thompson, _The Seasons_ (“Spring,” 1728).

M

This letter is very curiously coupled with Napoleon I. and III.

NAPOLEON I.:

MACK _(General)_ capitulated at Elm (October 19, 1805).

MAITLAND _(Captain)_, of the _Bellerophon_, was the person to whom he surrendered (1814).

MALET conspired against him (1812).

MALLIEU was one of his ministers, with Maret and Montalivet.

MARBEUF was the first to recognize his genius at the military college (1779).

MARCHAND was his valet; accompanied him to St. Helena; and assisted Montholon in his _Mémoires_.

MARET, duke of Bassano, was his most trusty counsellor (1803-1841).

MARIE LOUISE was his wife, the mother of his son, and shared his highest fortunes. His son was born in March; so was the son of Napoleon III.

MARMONT was the second to desert him; Murat the first (both in 1814).

6 Marshals and 26 generals-of-division had M for their initial letter.

MASSÉNA was the general who gained the victory of Rivoli (1797), and Napoleon gave him the sobriquet of _L’Enfant Chéri de la Victoire_.

MELAS was the Austrian general conquered at Marengo, and forced back to the Mincio (June 14, 1800).

MENOU lost him Egypt (1801).

METTERNICH vanquished him in diplomacy.

MIOLLIS was employed by him to take Pius VII. prisoner (1809).

MONTALIVET was one of his ministers, with Maret and Mallieu.

MONTBEL wrote the life of his son, “the king of Rome” (1833).

MONTESQUIEU was his first chamberlain.

MONTHOLON was his companion at St. Helena, and, in conjunction with Marchand, wrote his _Mémoires_.

MOREAU betrayed him (1813).

MORTIER was one of his best generals.

MOURAD BEY was the general he vanquished in the battle of the Pyramids (July 23, 1798).

MURAT was his brother-in-law. He was the first martyr in his cause, and was the first to desert him; then Marmont.

Murat was made by him king of Naples (1808).

MADRID capitulated to him (December 4, 1808).

MAGLIANI was one of his famous victories (April 15, 1796).

MALMASION was his last halting-place in France. Here the empress Joséphine lived after her divorce, and here she died (1814).

MALTA taken (June 11, 1797), and while there he abolished the order called “The Knights of Malta” (1798).

MANTUA was surrendered to him by Wurmser, in 1797.

MARENGO was his first great victory (June 14, 1800).

MARSEILLES is the place he retired to when proscribed by Paoli (1792). Here, too, was his first exploit, when captain, in reducing the “Federalists” (1793).

MÉRY was a battle gained by him (February 22, 1814).

MILAN was the first enemy’s capital (1802), and Moscow the last, into which he walked victorious (1812).

It was at Milan he was crowned “king of Italy” (May 26, 1805).

MILLESIMO, a battle won by him (April 14, 1796).

MONDOVI, a battle won by him (April 22, 1796).

MONTENOTTE was his first battle (1796), and Mont St. Jean his last (1815).

MONTEREAU, a battle won by him (February 18, 1814).

MONTMARTRE was stormed by him (March 29, 1814).

MONTMIRAIL, a battle won by him (February 11, 1814).

MONT ST. JEAN (Waterloo), his last battle (June 18, 1815).

MONT THABOR was where he vanquished 20,000 Turks with an army not exceeding 2000 men (July 25, 1799).