Chapter XIX: Part 19

He says: “I know the length of the emperor of China’s foot, have kissed the Great Mogul’s slipper, and have rid a-hunting upon an elephant with the cham of Tartary.”—W. Congreve, _Love for Love_, ii. (1695).

“Sir Sampson Legend” is such another lying, over-bearing character, but he does not come up to “Sir Epicure Mammon” [in Ben Jonson’s play, _The Alchemist_].—C. Lamb.

_Legend_ (_The Golden_), a semi-dramatic poem by Longfellow, taken from an old German tale by Hartmann von der Aue [_Our_], called _Poor Henry_ (1851). Hartmann was one of the minnesingers, and lived in the twelfth century. (See HENRY, POOR.)

=Legend of Montrose=, a novel by Sir W. Scott (1819). This brief, imperfect story contains one of Scott’s best characters, the redoubted Rittmaster, Dugald Dalgetty, a combination of soldado and pedantic student of Mareschal College, Aberdeen.

=Legends= (_Golden_), a collection of monkish legends, in Latin, by Jacob de Voragine or Varagine, born at Varaggio, in Grenoa. He wrote _Legenda Sancta_, which was so popular that it was called “Legenda Aurea” (1230-1298).

=Legion of Honor=, an order of merit, instituted by Napoleon I. when “first consul,” in 1802. The undress badges are, for:

_Chevaliers_, a bow of red ribbon in the buttonhole of their coat, to which a medal is attached.

_Officers_, a rosette of red ribbon, etc., with medal.

_Commanders_, a collar-ribbon.

_Grand-officers,_ a broad ribbon _under_ the waistcoat.

_Grand-cross,_ a broad ribbon, with a star on the breast, and a jewel-cross pendant.

⁂ Napoleon III. instituted a lower degree than _Chevalier_, called _Médaille Militaire_, distinguished by a _yellow_ ribbon.

=Legree=, a slave-dealer and hideous villain, brutalized by slave-dealing and slave-driving.—Harriet Beecher Stowe _Uncle Tom’s Cabin_ (1853).

=Leicester= (_The earl of_), in the court of Queen Elizabeth.

_The countess of Leicester_ (born Amy Robsart), but previously betrothed to Edmund Tressilian.—Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Leigh= (_Aurora_), the heroine and title of a poem by Mrs. Browning. The design of this poem is to show the noble aim of true art.

=Leila=, the young Turkish child rescued by Don Juan at the siege of Ismail (canto viii. 93-102). She went with him to St. Petersburg, and then he brought her to England. As _Don Juan_ was never completed, the future history of Leila has no sequel.

... at his side
Sat little Leila, who survived the parries
He made ’gainst Cossack sabres, in the wide
Slaughter of Ismail.
Byron, _Don Juan_, x. 51 (1824).

_Leila_ (_2 syl._), the beautiful slave of the Caliph Hassan. She falls in love with “the Giaour” [_djow´.er_], flees from the seraglio, is overtaken, and cast into the sea.

Her eyes’ dark charm ’twere vain to tell;
But gaze on that of the gazelle—
It will assist thy fancy well.
Byron, _The Giaour_ (1813).

=Leilah=, the Oriental type of female loveliness, chastity, and impassioned affection. Her love for Mejnôun, in Mohammedan romance, is held in much the same light as that of the bride for the bridegroom in Solomon’s song, or Cupid and Psychê among the Greeks.

When he sang the loves of Megnôun and Leileh [_sic_] ... tears insensibly overflowed the cheeks of his auditors.—W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).

=L. E. L.=, pseudonym of Letitia Elizabeth Landon (afterwards Mrs. Maclean), poetess (1802-1838).

=Lela Marien=, the Virgin Mary.

In my childhood, my father kept a slave, who, in my own tongue [_Arabic_], instructed me in the Christian worship, and informed me of many things of Lela Marien.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 10 (1605).

=Le´lia=, a cunning, wanton widow, with whom Julio is in love.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613).

=Lélie= (_2 syl._) a young man engaged to Célie, daughter of Gorgibus; but Gorgibus insists that his daughter shall give up Lélie for Valère, a much richer man. Célie faints on hearing this, and drops the miniature of Lélie, which is picked up by Sganarelle’s wife. Sganarelle finds it, and, supposing it to be a lover of his wife, takes possession of it, and recognizes Lélie as the living original. Lélie asks how he came by it, is told he took it from his wife, and concludes that he means Célie. He accuses her of infidelity in the presence of Sganarelle, and the whole mystery is cleared up.—Molière, _Sganarelle_ (1660).

_Lélie_, an inconsequential, light-headed, but gentlemanly coxcomb.—Molière, _L’Etourdi_ (1653).

=Lemnian Deed= (_A_), one of unparalleled cruelty and barbarity. This Greek phrase owes its origin to the legend that the Lemnian women rose one night, and put to death every man and male child in the island.

On another occasion they slew all the men and all the children born of Athenian parents.

=Lemuel Barker=, young rustic, who, encouraged by Rev. Mr. Sewall’s praise of certain of his verses, comes to Boston in the hope of achieving literary fame. He is, in turn, fleeced by sharpers, almost starved, put into the positions of elevator boy, private reader, horse-car conductor, etc. Is entrapped into an engagement of marriage with a vulgar, but respectable girl, and wiser and soberer for each experience, takes his place as a worthy citizen.—W. D. Howells, _The Minister’s Charge_ (1886).

=Lenore=, a name which Edgar Poe has introduced in two of his poems; one called _The Raven_, and the other called _Lenore_ (1811-1849).

_Lenore_, the heroine of Bürger’s ballad of that name, in which a spectral lover appears to his mistress after death, and carries her on horseback, behind him, to the graveyard, where their marriage is celebrated amid a crew of howling goblins.

⁂ _The Suffolk Miracle_ is an old English ballad of like character.

=Lenormand= (_Mdlle._), a famous _tireuse de cartes_. She was a squat, fussy, little old woman, with a gnarled and knotted visage, and an imperturbable eye. She wore her hair cut short, and parted on one side, like that of a man; dressed in an odd-looking _casaquin_, embroidered and frogged like the jacket of an hussar; and snuffed continually. This was the little old woman whom Napoleon I. regularly consulted before setting out on a campaign. Mdlle. Lenormand foretold to Josephine her divorce; and when Murat, king of Naples, visited her in disguise, she gave him the cards to cut, and he cut four times in succession _le grand pendu_ (king of diamonds); whereupon Mdlle. rose and said, “La séance est terminée; c’est dix louis pour les rois;” pocketed the fee, and left the room taking snuff.

(In cartomancy, _le grand pendu_ signifies that the person to which it is dealt, or who cuts it, will die by the hands of the executioner.)

Lent (_Galeazzo’s_), a form of torture devised by Galeazzo Visconti, calculated to prolong the victim’s life for forty days.

=Len´ville= (_2 syl._), first tragedian at the Portsmouth Theatre. When Nicholas Nickleby joined the company Mr. Lenville was jealous, and attempted to pull his nose; but Nicholas pulled the nose of Mr. Lenville instead.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1888).

=Leodegraunce= or LEODEGRAN, king of Camelyard, father of Guenever (King Arthur’s wife). Uther, the pendragon, gave him the famous Round Table, which would seat 150 knights (pt. i. 45); and when Arthur married Guenever, Leodegraunce gave him the table and 100 knights as a wedding gift (pt. i. 45). The table was made by Merlin, and each seat had on it the name of the knight to whom it belonged. One of the seats was called the “Siege Perilous,” because no one could sit on it without “peril of his life,” except Sir Galahad, the virtuous and chaste, who accomplished the quest of the Holy Graal.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).

Leodogran, the king of Cameliard _(sic),_
Had one fair daughter and none other child;
And she was fairest of all flesh on earth,
Guinevere, and in her his one delight.
Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.

=Le´oline= (_3 syl._) one of the male attendants of Dionys´ia, wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus, and employed by his mistress to murder Mari´na, the orphan daughter of Prince Periclês, who had been committed to her charge to bring up. Leoline took Marina to the shore with this view, when some pirates seized her, and sold her at Metali´nê for a slave. Leoline told his mistress that the orphan was dead, and Dionysia raised a splendid sepulchre to her memory.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Leon=, son of Constantine, the Greek emperor. Amon and Beatrice, the parents of Bradamant, promise to him their daughter Bradamant in marriage; but the lady is in love with Roge´ro. When Leon discovers this attachment, he withdraws his suit, and Bradamant marries Rogero.—Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

_Leon_, the hero who rules Margaritta, his wife, wisely, and wins her esteem and wifely obedience. Margaritta is a wealthy Spanish heiress, who married in order to indulge in wanton intrigues more freely. She selected Leon because he was supposed to be a milksop whom she could bend to her will; but no sooner is she married than Leon acts with manly firmness and determination, but with great affection also. He wins the esteem of every one, and Margaritta becomes a loving, devoted, virtuous, and obedient wife.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ (1640).

Edward Kynaston [1619-1687] executed the part of “Leon” with a determined manliness, well worth the best actor’s imitation. He had a piercing eye, and a quick, imperious vivacity of voice.—Colley Cibber.

=Leonard=, a real scholar, forced for daily bread to keep a common school.—Crabbe, _Borough_, xxiv. (1810).

=Leonardo= [GONZAGA], duke of Mantua, travelling in Switzerland, an avalanche fell on him, and he was nursed through a severe illness by Mariana, the daughter of a Swiss burgher and they fell in love with each other. On his return home he was entrapped by brigands, and kept prisoner for two years. Mariana, seeking him, went to Mantua, where Count Florio fell in love with her, and obtained her guardian’s consent to their union; but Mariana refused to comply. The case was referred to the duke (Ferrardo), who gave judgment in favor of the count. Leonardo happened to be present, and throwing off his disguise, assumed his rank as duke, and married Mariana; but being called away to the camp, left Ferrardo regent. Ferrardo laid a most villainous scheme to prove Mariana guilty of adultery with Julian St. Pierre; but Leonardo refused to credit her guilt. Julian turned out to be her brother, exposed the whole plot, and amply vindicated Mariana of the slightest indiscretion.—S. Knowles, _The Wife_ (1833).

=Leona´to=, governor of Messina, father of Hero and uncle of Beatrice.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado About Nothing_ (1600).

=Leonesse= (_3 syl._) LEONESSE, LEONNAIS, LEONES, LEONNOYS, LYONNOYS, etc., a mythical country belonging to Cornwall, supposed to have been sunk under the sea since the time of King Arthur. It is very frequently mentioned in the Arthurian romances.

=Leonidas of Modern Greece=, Marco Bozzaris, a Greek patriot, who with 1200 men, put to rout 4000 Turco-Albanians, at Kerpenisi, but was killed in the attack (1823). He was buried at Mesolonghi.

=Leonilla Lynmore.= Artless girl brought up by her mother in ignorance of all sorts of superstitious fancies. At eighteen, she visits the Rookleys, an old Boston family, with whom belief in portents and apparitions is a part of religious belief. The result of signs and wonders, apparently accomplished is a brain fever. She recovers, shaken in nerve, but sane, and shows it by marrying Captain Seaforth. Eliza Leslie, _Leonilla Lynmore_ (1840).

=Le´onine= (_3 syl._), servant to Dionyza.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Leonine Verse.= So called from Leonius, a canon of the church of St. Victor in Paris, in the twelfth century, who first composed them. It is a verse with a rhyme in the middle as:

Pepper is black, though it hath a good smack.
Est avis in dextra melior quam quatuor extra.

=Leonnoys= or _Leonesse (q.v.)_, a country once joining Cornwall, but now sunk in the sea full forty fathoms deep. Sir Tristram was born in Leonês or Leonnoys, and is always called a Cornish knight.

⁂ Tennyson calls the word “Lyonesse,” but Sir T. Malory “Leonês.”

=Léonor=, sister of Isabelle, an orphan; brought up by Ariste (_2 syl._), according to his notions of training a girl to make him a good wife. He put her on her honor, tried to win her confidence and love, gave her all the liberty consistent with propriety and social etiquette, and found that she loved him, and made him a fond and faithful wife. (See ISABELLE.)—Molière, _L’école des Maris_ (1661).

=Leono´ra=, the usurping queen of Aragon, betrothed to Bertran, a prince of the blood-royal, but in love with Torrismond, general of the forces. It turns out that Torrismond is son and heir of Sancho the deposed king. Sancho is restored, and Torrismond marries Leonora.—Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_ (1680).

_Leonora_, betrothed to Don Carlos, but Don Carlos resigned her to Don Alonzo, to whom she proved a very tender and loving wife. Zanga the Moor, out of revenge, poisoned the mind of Alonzo against his wife by insinuating her criminal love for Don Carlos. Out of jealousy, Alonzo had his friend put to death, and Leonora, knowing herself suspected, put an end to her life.—Edward Young, _The Revenge_ (1721).

_Leonora_, the daughter of poor parents, who struck the fancy of Don Diego. The Don made a compact with her parents to take her home with him and place her under a duenna for three months, to ascertain if her temper was as sweet as her face was pretty, and at the expiration of that time, either to return her spotless or to make her his wife. At the end of three months, Don Diego (a man of 60) goes to arrange for the marriage, locking his house and garden, as he supposes, securely; but Leander, a young student, smitten with Leonora, makes his way into the house, and is about to elope with her when the don returns. Like a man of sense, Don Diego at once sees the suitability of the match, consents to the union of the young people, and even settles a marriage portion on Leonora, his ward if not his wife.—I. Bickerstaff, _The Padlock_.

_Leonora_, betrothed to Ferdinand, a fiery young Spaniard (jealous of Donna Clara, who has assumed boy’s clothes for a time). Ferdinand despises the “amphibious coxcomb,” and calls his rival “a vile compound of fringe, lace, and powder.”—Jephson, _Two Strings to your Bow_ (1792).

_Leonora_, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth’s novel of the same name. The object of the tale is to make the reader feel what is good, and desirous of being so (1806).

_Leonora_, wife of Fernando Florestan, a State prisoner in Seville. In order to effect her husband’s release, she assumed the attire of a man, and the name of Fidelio. In this disguise she entered the service of Rocco, the jailer, and Marcellina, the jailer’s daughter, fell in love with her. Pizzaro, the governor of the prison resolving to assassinate Fernando Florestan, sent Rocco and Fidelio to dig his grave in the prison-cell. When Pizarro descended to perpetrate the deed of blood, Fidelio drew a pistol on him; and the minister of State, arriving at this crisis, ordered the prisoner to be released. Leonora (_Fidelio_) was allowed to unlock her husband’s chains, and Pizarro’s revenge came to naught.—Beethoven, _Fidelio_ (an opera, 1791).

_Leonora_, a princess, who falls in love with Manri´co, the supposed son of Azuce´na, a gypsy, but in reality the son of Garzia (brother of the Conte di Luna). The Conte di Luna entertains a base passion for the princess, and, getting Manrico into his power, is about to kill him, when Leonora intercedes, and promises to give herself to the count if he will spare his nephew’s life. The count consents; but while he goes to release Manrico, Leonora kills herself by sucking poison from a ring, and Manrico dies also.—Verdi, _Il Trovato´rê_ (an opera, 1853).

_Leonora_ (_The History of_), an episode in the novel of _Joseph Andrews_, by Fielding (1742).

_Leonora_ [D’ESTE] (_2 syl._), sister of Alfonso II., reigning duke of Ferrara. The poet Tasso conceived a violent passion for this princess, “but she knew it not nor viewed it with disdain.” Leonora never married, but lived with her eldest sister, Lauretta, duchess of Urbino, who was separated from her husband. The episode of Sophronia and Olindo (_Jerusalem Delivered_, ii.) is based on this love incident. The description of Sophronia is that of Leonora, and her ignorance of Olindo’s love points to the poet’s unregarded devotion.

But thou ... shalt have
One half the laurel which o’ershades my grave ...
Yes, Leonora, it shall be our fate
To be entwined forever—but too late.
Byron, _The Lament of Tasso_ (1817).

=Leonora de Guzman=, the “favorite” of Alfonzo XI., of Castile. Fernando, not knowing that she was the king’s mistress, fell in love with her; and Alfonzo, to reward Fernando’s services, gave her to him in marriage. No sooner was this done, than the bridegroom learned the character of his bride, rejected her with scorn, and became a monk. Leonora became a noviciate in the same convent, obtained her husband’s forgiveness, and died.—Donizetti, _La Favorita_ (an opera, 1842).

=Leon´tes= (_3 syl._), king of Sicily. He invited his old friend Polixenês, king of Bohemia, to come and stay with him, but became so jealous of him that he commanded Camillo to poison him. Instead of doing so, Camillo warned Polixenês of his danger, and fled with him to Bohemia. The rage of Leontês was now unbounded, and he cast his wife Hermionê into prison, where she gave birth to a daughter. The king ordered the infant to be cast out on a desert shore, and then brought his wife to a public trial. Hermionê fainted in court, the king had her removed, and Paulina soon came to announce that the queen was dead. Ultimately, the infant daughter was discovered under the name of Perdĭta, and was married to Florizel, the son of Polixenês. Hermionê was also discovered to the king in a _tableau vivant_, and the joy of Leontês was complete.—Shakespeare, _The Winter’s Tale_ (1604).

=Leon´tius=, a brave but merry old soldier.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ (1647).

=Le´opold=, a sea-captain, enamoured of Hippol´yta, a rich lady, wantonly in love with Arnoldo. Arnoldo, however, is contracted to the chaste Zeno´cia, who is basely pursued by the governor, Count Clodio.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

_Leopold_, archduke of Austria, a crusader who arrested Richard I. on his way home from the Holy Land.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_Leopold_, nicknamed _Peu-à-peu_ by George IV. Stein, speaking of Leopold’s vacillating conduct in reference to the Greek throne, says of him: “He has no color,” _i.e._, no fixed plan of his own, but only reflects the color of those around him; in other words, he is “blown about by every wind.”

=Lepol´emo= (_The Exploits and Adventures of_), part of the series called _Le Roman des Romans_, pertaining to “Amadis, of Gaul.” This part was added by Pedro de Lujan.

=Leporello=, in _The Libertine_, by Shadwell (1676).

The following advertisement from Liston appeared in June, 1817:—

“My benefit takes place this evening at Covent Garden Theatre, and I doubt not will be splendidly attended.... I shall perform ‘Fogrun,’ in _The Slave_, and ‘Leporello’ in _The Libertine_. In the delineation of these arduous characters I shall display much feeling and discrimination, together with great taste in my dresses, and elegance of manner. The audiences will be delighted, and will testify their approbation by rapturous applause. When, in addition to my professional merits, regard is had to the loveliness of my person and the fascination of my face, ... there can be no doubt that this announcement will receive the attention it deserves.”—J. Liston.

_Leporello_, the valet of Don Giovanni.—Mozart, _Don Giovanni_ (an opera, 1787).

=Lermites= and =Martafax=, two rats that conspired against the White Cat.—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The White Cat” 1682).

=Lesbia=, the poetic name given by the poet Catullus to his mistress, Clodia.

=Lesbia’s Sparrow.= One of the best known of the poems of Catullus is the one called _Lesbia’s Sparrow_, in which the girl so prettily laments the loss of her favorite bird. It has been often translated.

=Lesbian Poets= (_The_), Terpander, Alcæus, Ari´on, and the poetess Sappho.

=Lesbian Rule=, squaring the rule from the act, and not the act from the rule; like correcting a sun-dial by a clock, and not the clock by the sun-dial. A specious excuse for doing, or not doing, as inclination dictates.

=Lesley= (_Captain_), a friend of Captain M’Intyre.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Leslie= (_General_), a parliamentary leader.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

_Leslie_ (_Hope_). Heroine of a novel of colonial life, the scene of which is laid in Agawam (Springfield), Mass.—Catherine Maria Sedgwick, _Hope Leslie_ (1827).

_Leslie_ (_Norman_). Hero of a novel of New York life, early in the nineteenth century. He is wrongfully accused of a murder, and although the charge is not proved, rests under the ban with the public for years, until the real criminal is brought to light.—Theodore S. Fay, _Norman Leslie_ (1835).

=Lesly= (_Ludovic_), surnamed _Le Balafré_, an old archer in the Scotch guard of Louis XI., of France. Uncle of Quentin Durward.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Lesurques= (_Jerome_), a solicitor, who, being in greatly reduced circumstances, holds the White Lion inn, unknown to his son (act i. 2).

_Joseph Lesurques_ (_2 syl._), son of the solicitor, and father of Julie. He is so like Dubosc, the highwayman, that he is accused of robbing the night-mail from Lyons, and murdering the courier.

_Julie Lesurques_, daughter of Joseph Lesurques, in love with Didier. When her father is imprisoned, she offers to release Didier from his engagement; but he remains loyal throughout.—Edward Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).

=Letters= (_Greek_). Cadmus, the Phœnician, introduced sixteen; Simonidês and Epicharmos (the poets) introduced six or eight others; but there is the greatest diversity as to what letters, or how many, are to be attributed to them. Aristotle says Epicharmos introduced θ, χ; others ascribe to him ξ, η, ψ, ω. Dr. Smith, in his _Classical Dictionary_, tells us Simonidês introduced “the long vowels and double letters” (η, ω, θ, χ, φ, ψ). Lempriere, under “CADMUS,” ascribes to him θ, ζ, ψ, χ; and under “SIMONIDES,” η, ω, ξ, ψ. Others maintain that the Simonidês letters are η, ω, ζ, ψ.

_Letters_ (_Father of_), François I., of France, _Père des Lettres_ (1494, 1515-1547). Lorenzo de Medici, “the Magnificent” (1448-1492).

=Leuca´dia’s Rock=, a promontory, the south extremity of the island Leucas or Leucadia, in the Ionian Sea. Sappho leapt from this rock when she found her love for Pha´on unrequited. At the annual festival of Apollo, a criminal was hurled from Leucadia’s Rock into the sea; but birds of various sorts were attached to him, in order to break his fall, and if he was not killed he was set free. The leap from this rock is called “The Lovers’ Leap.”

All those may leap who rather would be neuter
(Leucadia’s Rock still overlooks the wave).
Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 205 (1819).

=Leucip´pe= (_3 syl._), wife of Menippus; a bawd who caters for king Antig´onus, who, although an old man, indulges in the amorous follies of a youth.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ (1647).

=Leucoth´ea=, once called “Ino.” Ath´amas, son of Æŏlus, had by her two sons, one of whom was named Melicer´tês. Athamas, being driven mad, Ino and Melicertês threw themselves into the sea; Ino became Leucothea, and Melicertês became Palæmon or Portumnus, the god of ports or strands. Leucothea means the “white goddess,” and is used for “Matuta” or the dawn, which precedes sunrise, _i.e._ Aurora.

By Leucothea’s lovely hands,
And her son that rules the strands.
Milton, _Comus_, 875 (1634).

To resalute the world with sacred light,
Leucothea waked, and with fresh dews embalmed
The earth.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 135 (1665).

=Leven= (_The earl of_), a parliamentary leader.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Leviathan of Literature= (_The_), Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784).

=Levites= (_The_), in Dryden’s _Absalom and Achitophel_, means the nonconformist ministers expelled by the Act of Conformity (1681-2).

=Levitt= (_Frank_), a highwayman.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Lewis= (_Don_), brother of Antonio, and uncle of Carlos, the bookworm, of whom he is dotingly fond. Don Lewis is no scholar himself, but he adores scholarship. He is headstrong and testy, simple-hearted and kind.

_Lewis_ (_Lord_), father of Angeli´na.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Elder Brother_ (1637).

_Lewis_ (_Matthew Gregory_), generally called “Monk Lewis,” from his romance, _The Monk_ (1794). His best known verses are the ballads of _Alonzo the Brave_, and _Bill Jones_. He also wrote a drama entitled _Timour, the Tartar_ (1775-1818).

Oh! wonder-working Lewis! Monk or bard,
Who fain would make Parnassus a churchyard!
Lo! wreaths of yew, not laurel, bind thy brow;
Thy Muse a sprite, Apollo’s sexton thou.
Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).

=Lewis Baboon.= Louis XIV., of France, is so called by Dr. Arbuthnot in his _History of John Bull_. Baboon is a pun on the word _Bourbon_, specially appropriate to this royal “posture-master” (1712).

=Lew´some= (_2 syl._), a young surgeon and general practitioner. He forms the acquaintance of Jonas Chuzzlewit, and supplies him with the poison which he employs.—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Lewson=, a noble, honest character. He is in love with Charlotte Beverley, and marries her, although her brother has gambled away all her fortune.—Edward Moore, _The Gamester_ (1753).

=Leycippes and Clitophonta=, a romance in Greek, by Achilles Tatius, in the fifth century; borrowed largely from the _Theag´enês and Chariclēa_ of Heliodōrus, bishop of Trikka.

=Liar= (_The_), a farce by Samuel Foote (1761). John Wilding, a young gentleman fresh from Oxford, has an extraordinary propensity for romancing. He invents the most marvellous tales, utterly regardless of truth, and thereby involves both himself and others in endless perplexities. He pretends to fall in love with a Miss Grantam, whom he accidentally meets, and, wishing to know her name, is told it is Godfrey, and that she is an heiress. Now it so happens that his father wants him to marry the real Miss Grantam, and, in order to avoid so doing, he says he is already married to a Miss Sibthorpe. He afterwards tells his father he invented this tale because he really wished to marry Miss Godfrey. When Miss Godfrey is introduced, he does not know her, and while in this perplexity a woman enters, who declares she is his wife, and that her maiden name was Sibthorpe. Again he is dumbfounded, declares he never saw her in his life, and rushes out, exclaiming, “All the world is gone mad, and is in league against me!”

⁂ The plot of this farce is from the Spanish. It had been already taken by Corneille in _Le Menteur_ (1642), and by Steele in his _Lying Lover_ (1704).

_Liar_ (_The_), Al Aswad; also called “The Impostor,” and “The Weathercock.” He set himself up as a prophet against Mahomet; but frequently changed his creed.

Mosëilma was also called “The Liar.” He wrote a letter to Mahomet, which began thus: “From Mosëilma, prophet of Allah, to Mahomet, prophet of Allah;” and received an answer beginning thus: “From Mahomet, the prophet of Allah, to Mosëilma, the Liar.”

=Liars= (_The Prince of_), Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, a Portuguese traveller, whose narratives deal so much in the marvellous that Cervantes dubbed him “The Prince of Liars.” He is alluded to in the _Tatler_ as a man “of infinite adventure and unbounded imagination.”

Sir John Mandeville is called “The Lying Traveller” (1300-1372).

=Liban´iel= (_4 syl._), the guardian angel of Philip, the apostle.—Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).

=Liberator= (_The_). Daniel O’Connell was so called because he was the leader of the Irish party, which sought to sever Ireland from England. Also called “The Irish Agitator” (1776-1847).

Simon Bolivar, who established the independence of Peru, is so called by the Peruvians (1785-1831).

=Liberty= (_Goddess of_). On December 20, 1793, the French installed the worship of reason for the worship of God, and M. Chaumette induced Mdlle. Malliard, an actress, to personify the “goddess of Liberty.” She was borne in a palanquin, dressed with buskins, a Phrygian cap, and a blue chlamys over a white tunic. Being brought to Notre Dame, she was placed on the high altar, and a huge candle was placed behind her. Mdlle. Malliard lighted the candle, to signify that liberty frees the mind from darkness, and is the “light of the world;” then M. Chaumette fell on his knees to her and offered incense as to a god.

_Liberty_ (_The goddess of_). The statue so called, placed over the entrance of the Palais Royal, represented Mde. Tallien.

=Liberty Hall.= Squire Hardcastle says to young Harlow and Hastings, when they mistake his house for an “inn,” and give themselves airs, “This is Liberty Hall, gentlemen; you may do just as you please here.”—Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_, i. 2 (1773).

=Libiti´na=, the goddess who presides over funerals, and hence in Latin an undertaker is called _libitina´rius_.

He brought two physicians to visit me, who, by their appearance, seemed zealous ministers of the goddess Libitina.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, ix. 8 (1735).

=Lichas=, servant of Herculês, who brought to him from Dejani´ra the poisoned shirt of Nessus. He was thrown by Herculês from the top of Mount Etna into the sea. Seneca says (_Hercules_) that Lichas was tossed aloft into the air, and sprinkled the clouds with his blood. Ovid says: “He congealed, like hail, in mid-air, and turned to stone; then, falling into the Uuboic Sea, became a rock, which still bears his name and retains the human form” (_Met._ ix.).

Let me lodge Lichas on the horns of the moon.
Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act. iv. sc. 10 (1608).

=Lickitup= (_The laird of_), friend of Neil Blanc, the town piper.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Lie.= The four P’s—a Palmer, a Pardoner, a Poticary and a Pedler—disputed as to which could tell the greatest lie. The Palmer asserted that he never saw a woman out of patience; the other three P’s were so taken aback by this assertion that they instantly gave up the contest, saying that it was certainly the greatest falsehood they ever heard.—John Heywood, _The Four P’s_ (1520).

=Liebenstein and Sternfels=, two ruined castles on the Rhine. Leoline, the orphan, was the sole surviving child of the lord of Liebenstein, and two brothers (Warbeck and Otto) were the only surviving children of the lord of Sternfels. Both these brothers fell in love with Leoline, but as the lady gave Otto the preference, Warbeck joined the crusades. Otto followed his brother to Palistine, but the war was over, and Otto brought back with him a Greek girl, whom he had made his bride. Warbeck now sent a challenge to his brother for this insult to Leoline, but Leoline interposed to stop the fight. Soon after this the Greek wife eloped, and Otto died childless. Leoline retired to the adjacent convent of Bornhofen, which was attacked by robbers, and Warbeck, in repelling them, received his death-wound, and died in the lap of Leoline.—_Traditions of the Rhine_.

=Life= (_The Battle of_), a Christmas story, by C. Dickens (1846). It is the story of Grace and Marion, the two daughters of Dr. Jeddler, both of whom loved Alfred Heathfield, their father’s ward. Alfred loved the younger daughter; but Marion, knowing of her sister’s love, left her home clandestinely, and all thought she had eloped with Michael Warden. Alfred then married Grace, and in due time Marion make it known to her sister that she had given up Alfred to her, and had gone to live with her Aunt Martha till they were married. It is said that Marion subsequently married Michael Warden, and found with him a happy home.

=Ligéa=, one of the three sirens. The other two were Parthen´ope and Leucothëa. Milton gives the classic sirens, _combs_; borrowing a detail from the Scandinavian Lorelei. Ligēa or Largeia means “shrill,” or “sweet voiced.”

By fair Ligea’s golden comb,
Wherewith she sits on diamond rocks,
Sleeking her soft alluring locks.
Milton, _Comus_ (1634).

=Light of the Age=, Maimon´idês _or_ Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, of Cor´dova (1135-1204).

=Light of the Haram= [_sic_], the Sultana Nour´mahal´, afterwards called Nourjeham (“light of the world”). She was the bride of Selim, son of Acbar.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (1817).

=Light o’ Heel= (_Janet_), mother of Godfrey Bertram Hewit.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II.).

=Lightbody= (_Luckie_), _alias_ “Marian Loup-the-Dyke,” mother of Jean Girder, the cooper’s wife.—Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

=Lightborn=, the murderer who assassinated Edward II.—C. Marlowe, _Edward II._ (1592).

=Lightfoot=, one of the seven attendants of Fortunio. So swift was he of foot, that he was obliged to tie his legs when he went hunting, or else he always outran the game, and so lost it.—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“Fortunio,” 1682).

=Lightning.= Benjamin Franklin invented lightning conductors; hence Campbell says it is allotted to man, with Newton to mark the speed of light, with Herschel to discover planets, and

With Franklin grasp the lightning’s fiery wing.
_Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799).

_Lightning_ (_Lovers killed by_). (See under LOVERS.)

=Lightning Protectors.= Jupiter chose the eagle as the most approved preservative against lightning, Augustus Cæsar the sea-calf, and Tiberius the laurel.—_Collumella_ x.; Suetonius, _In Vit. Aug_., xc. Suetonius, _In Vita Tib_., lxix.

=Lightwood= (_Mortimer_), a solicitor, who conducts the “Harmon murder” case. He is the great friend of Eugene Wrayburn, barrister-at-law, and it is the great ambition of his heart to imitate the _nonchalance_ of his friend. At one time Mortimer Lightwood admired Bella Wilfer.—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Ligurian Sage= (_The_), Aulus Persius Flaccus, the satirist (34-62).

=Lilburn= (_John_), a contentious leveller in the Commonwealth, of whom it was said, _If no one else were alive John would quarrel with Lilburn_. The epigrammatic epitaph of John Lilburn is as follows:—

Is John departed, and is Lilburn gone?
Farewell to both, to Lilburn and to John!
Yet being gone take this advice from me:
Let them not both in one grave buried be.
Here lay ye John; lay Lilburn thereabout;
For if they both should meet, they would fall out.

=Lili=, immortalized by Goethe, was Anna Elizabeth Schönemann, daughter of a Frankfort banker. She was 16 when Goethe first knew her.

=Lilian=, “little wife” of Aldrich’s poem _An Untimely Thought_.

“What a hideous fancy to come
As I wait at the foot of the stair,
While Lilian gives the last touch
To her robe or the rose in her hair!
* * * * *
As the carriage rolls down the dark street
The little wife laughs and makes cheer—
But ... I wonder what day of the week,
I wonder what month of the year!”
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_ (1882.)

=Lil´inau=, a woman wooed by a phantom that lived in her father’s pines. At night-fall the phantom whispered love, and won the fair Lilinau, who followed his green waving plume through the forest, but never more was seen.—_American-Indian Legend._

Told she the tale of the fair Lilinau, who was wooed by a phantom That through the pines o’er her father’s lodge, in the hush of the twilight, Breathed like the evening wind, and whispered love to the maiden; Till she followed his green and waving plume thro’ the forest, And never more returned, nor was seen again by her people. Longfellow, _Evangeline_, ii. 4 (1849).

=Lilis= or =Lilith=, Adam’s wife before Eve was created. Lilis refused to submit to Adam, and was turned out of paradise; but she still haunts the air, and is especially hostile to new-born children.

⁂ Goethe has introduced her in his _Faust_ (1790).

=Lil´lia-Bianca=, the bright, airy daughter of Nantolet, beloved by Pinac, the fellow-traveller of Mirabel, “the wild goose.”—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652).

=Lilliput=, the country of the Lilliputians, a race of pygmies of very diminutive size, to whom Gulliver appeared a monstrous giant.—Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Voyage to Lilliput,” 1726).

⁂ The voyage to Lilliput is a satire on the manners and habits of George I.

=Lilly=, the wife of Andrew. Andrew is the servant of Charles Brisac, a scholar.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Elder Brother_ (1637).

_Lilly_ (_William_), an English astrologer, who was employed during the Civil Wars by both parties; and even Charles I. consulted him about his projected escape from the Carisbrooke Castle (1602-1681).

He talks of Raymond Lully [_q.v._] and the ghost of Lilly.—W. Congreve, _Love for Love_, iii. (1695).

=Lillyvick=, the collector of water-rates, and uncle to Mrs. Kenwigs. He considered himself far superior in a social point of view to Mr. Kenwigs, who was only an ivory turner; but he deigned to acknowledge the relation, and confessed him to be “an honest, well-behaved, respectable sort of a man.” Mr. Lillyvick looked on himself as one of the _élite_ of society. “If ever an old gentleman made a point of appearing in public shaved close and clean, that old gentleman was Mr. Lillyvick. If ever a collector has borne himself like a collector, and assumed a solemn and portentous dignity, as if he had the whole world on his books, that collector was Mr. Lillyvick.” Mr. Kenwigs thought the collector, who was a bachelor, would leave each of the Kenwigses £100; but he “had the baseness” to marry Miss Petowker, of the Theatre Royal, and “swindle the Kenwigses of their golden expectations.”—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

=Lily= (_The_), the French king for the time being. So called from the lilies, which, from the time of Clovis, formed the royal device of France. Tasso (_Jerusalem Delivered_) calls them _gigli d’ore_ (“golden lilies”); but Lord Lytton calls them “silver lilies:”

Lord of the silver lilies, canst thou tell
If the same fate await not thy descendant?
Lord E.L.B. Lytton, _The Duchess de la Vallière_ (1836).

=Lily Maid of Astolat=, Elaine (_q.v._). (See also LAUNCELOT AND ELAINE).

=Lily of Medicine= (_The_), a treatise written by Bernard Gordon, called _Lilium Medicinæ_ (1480). (See GORDONIUS).

=Lily Floyd Curtis.= A New York belle, whose mother sets out with the aim that Lily is to make a grand match, and keeps it steadily before her. By a series of dexterous manœuvres the admirable republican parent prevents a marriage between the girl and the man she loves, and makes her countess of Melrose.—Constance Gary Harrison, _The Anglo-Maniacs_ (1890).

=Lily Servosse=, daughter of a Northern man, who settles in the South soon after the war, in the hopeful expectation of winning favor with his neighbors and helping them to create a new South. In the fruitless enterprise his daughter is his zealous and loving coadjutor.—Albion W. Tourgeé, _A Fool’s Errand_ (1879).

=Limberham=, a tame, foolish keeper. Supposed to be meant for the duke of Lauderdale.—Dryden, _Limberham_ or _The Kind Keeper_.

=Limbo of the Moon.= Ariosto, in his _Orlando Furioso_, xxxiv. 70, says, in the moon are treasured up the precious time misspent in play, all vain efforts, all vows never paid, all counsel thrown away, all desires that lead to nothing, the vanity of titles, flattery, great men’s promises, court services, and death-bed alms. Pope says:

There heroes’ wits are kept in ponderous vases,
And beaus’ in snuff-boxes and tweezer-cases;
There broken vows and death-bed alms are found,
And lovers’ hearts with ends of ribbon bound;
The courtier’s promises, and sick man’s prayers,
The smiles of harlots, and the tears of heirs;
Cages for gnats, and chains to yoke a flea,
Dried butterflies, and tomes of casuistry.
_Rape of the Lock_, v. (1712).

_Limbo Fatuōrum_ or the “Fools’ Paradise,” for idiots, madmen, and others who are not responsible for their sins, but yet have done nothing worthy of salvation. Milton says, from the earth fly to the Paradise of Fools

All things transitory and vain ... the fruits
Of painful superstition and blind zeal ...
AIL the unaccomplished works of Nature’s hand,
Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mixed ...
The builders here of Babel ...
Others come single. He who to be deemed
A god, leaped fondly into Etna’s flames,
Empedoclês; and he who to enjoy
Plato’s elysium, leaped into the sea ...
Embryos and idiots, eremites and friars.
_Paradise Lost_, iii. 448 (1665).

_Limbo Patrum_, that half-way house between purgatory and paradise, where patriarchs and prophets, saints, martyrs, and confessors, await the “second coming.” This, according to some, is the hadês or “hell” into which Christ descended when “He preached to the spirits in prison.” Dantê places Limbo on the confines of hell, but tells us those doomed to dwell there are “only so far afflicted as that they live without hope” (_Inferno_, iv.).

I have some of them in Limbo Patrum, and there they are like to dance these three days.—Shakespeare, _Henry VIII._ act v. sc. 3 (1601).

_Limbo Puerōrum_, or “Child’s Paradise,” for unbaptized infants too young to commit actual sin, but not eligible for heaven because they have not been baptized.

⁂ According to Dantê, Limbo is between hell and that border-land where dwell “the praiseless and blameless dead.” (See INFERNO.)

=Lincius.= (See LYNCEUS.)

=Lincoln= (_The bishop of_), in the court of Queen Elizabeth. He was Thomas Cowper.—Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Lincolnshire Grazier= (_A_). The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne published _The Complete Grazier_ under this pseudonym (1805).

=Linco´ya= (_3 syl._), husband of Co´atel, and a captive of the Az´tecas. “Once, when a chief was feasting Madoc, a captive served the food.” Madoc says, “I marked the youth, for he had features of a gentler race; and oftentimes his eye was fixed on me with looks of more than wonder.” This young man, “the flower of all his nation,” was to be immolated to the god Tezcalipo´ca; but on the eve of sacrifice he made his escape, and flew to Madoc for protection. The fugitive proved both useful and faithful, but when he heard of the death of Coatel, he was quite heart-broken. Ayaya´ca, to divert him, told him about the spirit-land; and Lincoya asked, “Is the way thither long?”

The old man replied, “A way of many moons.”
“I know a shorter path,” exclaimed the youth;
And up he sprang, and from the precipice
Darted. A moment; and Ayaya´ca heard
His body fall upon the rocks below.
Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 22 (1805).

=Lindab´rides= (_4 syl._), a euphemism for a female of no repute, a courtezan. Lindabridês is the heroine of the romance entitled _The Mirror of Knighthood_, one of the books in Don Quixote’s library (pt. I. i. 6), and the name became a household word for a mistress. It occurs in two of Sir W. Scott’s novels, _Kenilworth_ and _Woodstock_.

=Linden= (_John Endicott_), young man who comes to a New England village to teach school, institutes various reforms; falls in love with a pretty pupil, Faith Derrick, educates her, and when he has completed his theological studies, marries her, and settles as pastor of a Vermont mountain parish.—Susan Warner, _Say and Seal_ (1860).

=Lindesay=, an archer in the Scotch guard of Louis XI. of France.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Lindesay_ (_Lord_), one of the embassy to Queen Mary of Scotland.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Lindor=, a poetic swain or lover playing at shepherd.

Do not, for Heaven’s sake, bring down Corydon and Lindor upon us.—Sir W. Scott.

=Lindsay= (_Margaret_), the heroine of a novel by Professor John Wilson, entitled _Trials of Margaret Lindsay_, a very pathetic story (1785-1854).

=Linet´=, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and sister of Lionês, of Castle Perilous (ch. 131). Her sister was held captive by Sir Ironside, the Red Knight of the Red Lands. Linet went to King Arthur to entreat that one of his knights might be sent to liberate her; but as she refused to give up the name of her sister, the king said no knight of the Round Table could undertake the adventure. At this, a young man nicknamed “Beaumains” (Fair-hands), who had been serving in the kitchen for a year, entreated that he might be allowed the quest, which the king granted. Linet, however, treated him with the utmost contumely, calling him dish-washer, kitchen knave, and lout: but he overthrew all the knights opposed to him, delivered the lady Lionês, and married her. (See LYNETTE).—Sir. T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120-153 (1470).

⁂ Some men nicknamed her “The Savage” (ch. 151). Tennyson, in his _Gareth and Lynette_, changes the denouement, and makes Gareth marry Lynette.

=Lingo=, in O’Keefe’s comedy _Agreeable Surprise_ (1798).

=Linkinwater= (_Tim_), confidential clerk to the brothers Chreeryble. A kind-hearted old bachelor, fossilized in ideas, but most kind-hearted, and devoted to his masters almost to idolatry. He is much attached to a blind blackbird called “Dick,” which he keeps in a large cage. The bird has lost its voice from old age; but, in Tim’s opinion, there is no equal to it in the whole world. The old clerk marries Miss La Creevy, a miniature-painter.

Punctual as the counting-house dial, ... he performed the minutest actions, and arranged the minutest articles of his little room in a precise and regular order. Paper, pens, ink, ruler, sealing-wax, wafers, ... Tim’s hat, Tim’s scrupulously folded gloves, Tim’s other coat, ... all had their accustomed inches of space.... There was not a more accurate instrument in existence than Tim Linkinwater.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_, xxxvii. (1838).

=Linklater= (_Laurie_), yeoman of the king’s kitchen. A friend to Ritchie Moniplies.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Linne= (_The Heir of_), a great spendthrift, who sold his estates to John-o-the-Scales, his steward, reserving for himself only a “poor and lonesome lodge in a lonely glen.” Here he found a rope, with a running noose, and put it round his neck, with the intention of hanging himself. The weight of his body broke the rope, and he fell to the ground. He now found two chests of gold and one of silver, with this inscription: “Once more, my son, I set thee clear. Amend thy life or a rope must end it.” The heir of Linne now went to the steward for the loan of forty pence, which was denied him.—One of the guests said, “Why, John, you ought to lend it, for you had the estates cheap enough.” “Cheap! say you. Why, he shall have them back for a hundred marks less than the money I gave for them.” “Done!” said the heir of Linne; and counted out the money. Thus he recovered his estates, and made the kind guest his forester.—Percy, _Reliques_, II. ii. 5.

=Lion= (_A_), emblem of the tribe of Judah. In the old church at Totnes, is a stone pulpit divided into compartments containing shields, decorated with the several emblems of the Jewish tribes, of which this is one.

Judah is a lion’s whelp ... he crouched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?—_Gen._ xlix. 9.

Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna, an English writer, has a book under the title of _The Lion of the Tribe of Judah_ (1830-185-).

_Lion_ (_The_), symbol of ambition. When Dantê began the ascent of fame, he was met first by a panther (_pleasure_), and then by a lion (_ambition_) which tried to stop his further progress.

A lion came
With head erect, and hunger mad.
Dantê, _Hell_, i. (1300).

_Lion_ (_The_) Henry, duke of Bavaria and Saxony, son of Henry “the Proud” (1129-1195).

Louis VIII., of France, born under the sign _Leo_ (1187, 1223-1226).

William of Scotland, who chose a red _lion rampant_ for his cognizance (*, 1165-1214).

_Lion_ (_The Golden_), emblem of ancient Assyria. The bear was that of ancient Persia.

Where is th’ Assyrian lion’s golden hide,
That all the East once grasped in lordly paw?
Where that great Persian bear, whose swelling pride
The lion’s self tore out with rav’nous jaw!
Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

_Lion The_ (_Valiant_), Alep Arslan, son of Togrul Beg, the Perso-Turkish monarch (*, 1062-1072).

=Lion Attending on Man.=

_Una_ was attended by a lion. Spenser says that Una was seeking St. George, and as she sat to rest herself, a lion rushed suddenly out of a thicket, with gaping mouth and lashing tail; but as it drew near, it was awe-struck, licked her feet and hands, and followed her like a dog. Sansloy slew the faithful beast.—_Faëry Queen_, I. iii. 42 (1590).

⁂ This is an allegory of the Reformation. The “lion” means England, and “Una” means truth or the reformed religion. England (_the lion_) waited on truth or the reformation. “Sansloy” means Queen Mary or false faith, which killed the lion, or separated England from truth (or the true faith). It might seem to some that Sansfoy should have been substituted for Sansloy; but this could not be, because Sansfoy had been slain already.

_Sir Ewain de Gallis_ or _Iwain de Galles_ was attended by a lion, which, in gratitude to the knight, who had delivered it from a serpent, ever after became his faithful servant, approaching the knight with tears, and rising on its hind feet.

_Sir Geoffrey de Latour_ was aided by a lion against the Saracens; but the faithful brute was drowned in attempting to follow the vessel in which the knight had embarked on his departure from the Holy Land.

_St. Jerome_ is represented as attended by a lion. (See ANDROCLUS).

=Lion of God= (_The_), Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet. He was called at birth “The Rugged Lion” (_al Haïdara_) (602, 655-661).

Hamza, called “The Lion of God and of His Prophet.” So Gabriel told Mahomet his uncle was registered in heaven.

=Lion of Jonina=, Ali Pasha, overthrown in 1822 by Ibrahim Pasha (1741, 1788-1822).

=Lion of the North= (_The_), Gustavus Adolphus (1594, 1611-1632).

=Lion-Heart.= The legend says that Richard I. was called _Cœur de Lion_ because he plucked out a lion’s heart, to which beast he had been exposed by the duke of Austria, for having slain his son.

=Lion King of Assyria=, Arioch _al Asser_ (B.C. 1927-1897).

=Lion Rouge=, (_Le_), Marshal Ney, who had red hair and red whiskers (1769-1815).

=Lion-Tamer.= One of the most remarkable was Ellen Bright, who exhibited in Wombwell’s menagerie. She was killed by a tiger in 1850.

=Lions= (_White and Red_). Prester John, in his letter to Manuel Comnēnus, emperor of Constantinople, says his land is the “home of white and red lions” (1165).

=Lionel and Clarissa=, an opera by Bickerstaff. Sir John Flowerdale has a daughter named Clarissa, whose tutor is Lionel, an Oxford graduate. Colonel Oldboy, his neighbor, has a son named Jessamy, a noodle and a fop; and a daughter, Diana. A proposal is made for Clarissa Flowerdale to marry Jessamy; but she despises the prig, and loves Lionel. After a little embroglio, Sir John gives his consent to this match. Now for Diana: Harmann, a guest of Oldboy’s, tells him he is in love, but that the father of the lady will not consent to his marriage. Oldboy advises him to elope, lends his carriage and horses, and writes a letter for Harman, which he is to send to the girl’s father. Harman follows this advice, and elopes with Diana; but Diana repents, returns home unmarried, and craves her father’s forgiveness. The old Colonel yields, the lovers are united, and Oldboy says he likes Harman the better for his pluck and manliness.

=Lionell= (_Sir_), brother of Sir Launcelot, son of Ban, king of Benwick (_Brittany_).

=Liones= (_3 syl._), daughter of Sir Persaunt, of Castle Perilous, where she was held captive by Sir Ironside, the Red Knight of the Red Lands. Her sister, Linet´, went to the Court of King Arthur to request that some knight would undertake to deliver her from her oppressor; but as she refused to give up the name of the lady, the king said no Knight of the Round Table could undertake the quest. On this, a stranger, nicknamed “Beaumains,” from the size and beauty of his hands, and who had served in the kitchen for twelve months, begged to be sent, and his request was granted. He was very scornfully treated by Linet; but succeeded in overthrowing every knight who opposed him, and, after combatting from dawn to sunset with Sir Ironside, made him also do homage. The lady, being now free, married the “kitchen knight,” who was, in fact, Sir Gareth, son of Lot, king of Orkney, and Linet married his brother, Ga´heris. (See LYONORS, of Castle Perilous.)—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120-153 (1470).

=Li´onesse= (_3 syl._), _Lyonesse_, or _Lionés_, a tract of land between Land’s End and the Scilly Isles, now submerged “full forty fathoms under water.” It formed a part of Cornwall. Thus Sir Tristram de Lionês is always called a Cornish knight. When asked his name, he tells Sir Kay that he is Sir Tristram de Lionês; to which the seneschal answers, “Yet heard I never in no place that any good knight came out of Cornwall.”—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 56 (1470). See LEONESSE.

⁂ Respecting the knights of Cornwall, Sir Mark, the king of Cornwall, had thrown the whole district into bad odor. He was false, cowardly, mean, and most unknightly.

=Lir.= _The Death of the Children of Lir._ This is one of the three tragic stories of the ancient Irish. The other two are _The Death of the Children of Touran_, and _The Death of the Children of Usnach_. (See FIONNUALA.)—O’Flanagan, _Transactions of the Gaelic Society_, i.

⁂ Lir (_King_) father of Fionnuala. On the death of Fingula (the mother of his daughter), he married the wicked Aoife, who, through spite, transformed the children of Lir into swans, doomed to float on the water for centuries, till they hear the first mass-bell ring. Tom Moore has versified this legend.

Silent, O Moyle, be the roar of thy water;
Break not, ye breezes, your chain of repose—
While murmuring mournfully Lir’s lonely daughter
Tells to the night-star her tale of woes.
Moore, _Irish Melodies_ (“Song of Fionnuala,” 1814).