Chapter LXXIV

FROM THE BATTLE OF KNIDUS TO THE REBUILDING OF THE LONG WALLS OF ATHENS.

War in Central Greece against Sparta—called the Corinthian
war.—Relations of Sparta with the neighboring states and with
her allies after the accession of Agesilaus. Discontent among
the allies.—Great power of Sparta, stretching even to Northern
Greece—state of Herakleia.—Growing disposition in Greece
to hostility against Sparta, when she becomes engaged in the
war against Persia.—The satrap Tithraustes sends an envoy
with money into Greece, to light up war against Sparta—his
success at Thebes, Corinth, and Argos.—The Persian money did
not create hostility against Sparta, but merely brought out
hostile tendencies pre-existing. Philo-Laconian sentiment
of Xenophon.—War between Sparta and Thebes—the Bœotian
war.—Active operations of Sparta against Bœotia—Lysander
is sent to act from Herakleia on the northward—Pausanias
conducts an army from Peloponnesus.—The Thebans apply to
Athens for aid—remarkable proof of the altered sentiment in
Greece.—Speech of the Theban envoy at Athens.—Political feeling
at Athens—good effects of the amnesty after the expulsion of
the Thirty.—Unanimous vote of the Athenians to assist Thebes
against Sparta.—State of the Bœotian confederacy—Orchomenus
revolts and joins Lysander, who invades Bœotia with his army
and attacks Haliartus.—Lysander is repulsed and slain before
Haliartus.—Pausanias arrives in Bœotia after the death of
Lysander—Thrasybulus and an Athenian army come to the aid
of the Thebans.—Pausanias evacuates Bœotia, on receiving
the dead bodies of Lysander and the rest for burial.—Anger
against Pausanias at Sparta; he escapes into voluntary exile;
he is condemned in his absence.—Condemnation of Pausanias not
deserved.—Sparta not less unjust in condemning unsuccessful
generals than Athens.—Character of Lysander—his mischievous
influence, as well for Sparta as for Greece generally.—His
plans to make himself king at Sparta—discourse of the
sophist Kleon.—Encouragement to the enemies of Sparta, from
the death of Lysander—alliance against her between Thebes,
Athens, Corinth, and Argos—the Eubœans and others join the
alliance.—Increased importance of Thebes—she now rises to the
rank of a primary power—the Theban leader Ismenias.—Successful
operations of Ismenias to the north of Bœotia—capture of
Herakleia from Sparta.—Synod of anti-Spartan allies at
Corinth—their confident hopes—the Lacedæmonians send to recall
Agesilaus from Asia.—Large muster near Corinth of Spartans
and Peloponnesians on one side, of anti-Spartan allies on the
other.—Boldness of the language against Sparta—speech of
the Corinthian Timolaus.—The anti-Spartan allies take up a
defensive position near Corinth—advance of the Lacedæmonians to
attack them.—Battle of Corinth—victory of the Lacedæmonians
in their part of the battle; their allies in the other parts
being worsted.—Lacedæmonian ascendency within Peloponnesus
is secured, but no farther result gained.—Agesilaus—his
vexation on being recalled from Asia—his large plans of Asiatic
conquest.—Regret of the Asiatic allies when he quits Asia—he
leaves Euxenus in Asia with four thousand men.—Agesilaus crosses
the Hellespont and marches homeward through Thrace, Macedonia,
and Thessaly.—Agesilaus and his army on the northern frontier
of Bœotia—eclipse of the sun—news of the naval defeat at
Knidus.—Bœotians and their allies mustered at Korôneia.—Battle
of Korôneia—Agesilaus with most of his army is victorious; while
the Thebans on their side are also victorious.—Terrible combat
between the Thebans and Spartans; on the whole, the result is
favorable to the Thebans.—Victory of Agesilaus, not without
severe wounds—yet not very decisive—his conduct after the
battle.—Army of Agesilaus withdraws from Bœotia—he goes to the
Pythian games—sails homeward across the Corinthian Gulf—his
honorable reception at Sparta.—Results of the battles of Corinth
and Korôneia. Sparta had gained nothing by the former, and had
rather lost by the latter.—Reverses of Sparta after the defeat
of Knidus. Loss of the insular empire of Sparta. Nearly all her
maritime allies revolt to join Pharnabazus and Konon.—Abydos
holds faithfully to Sparta, under Derkyllidas.—Derkyllidas
holds both Abydos and the Chersonesus opposite, in spite of
Pharnabazus—anger of the latter.—Pharnabazus and Konon sail
with their fleet to Peloponnesus and Corinth.—Assistance
and encouragement given by Pharnabazus to the allies at
Corinth—Remarkable fact of the Persian satrap and fleet at
Corinth.—Pharnabazus leaves the fleet with Konon in the Saronic
Gulf, and aids him, with money, to rebuild the Long Walls of
Athens.—Konon rebuilds the Long Walls—hearty coöperation of
the allies.—Great importance of this restoration—how much
it depended upon accident—Maintenance of the lines of Corinth
against Sparta, was one essential condition to the power of
rebuilding the Long Walls. The lines were not maintained longer
than the ensuing year. 284-324