Chapter LXXV

FROM THE REBUILDING OF THE LONG WALLS OF ATHENS TO THE PEACE OF ANTALKIDAS.

Large plans of Konon—organization of a mercenary force at
Corinth.—Naval conflicts of the Corinthians and Lacedæmonians,
in the Corinthian Gulf.—Land-warfare—the Lacedæmonians
established at Sikyon—the anti-Spartan allies occupying the
lines of Corinth from sea to sea.—Sufferings of the Corinthians
from the war being carried on in their territory. Many Corinthian
proprietors become averse to the war.—Growth and manifestation
of the philo-Laconian party in Corinth. Oligarchical form of
the government left open nothing but an appeal to force.—The
Corinthian government forestall the conspiracy by a _coup
d’état_.—Numerous persons of the philo-Laconian party are
banished; nevertheless Pasimêlus the leader is spared, and
remains at Corinth.—Intimate political union and consolidation
between Corinth and Argos.—Pasimêlus admits the Lacedæmonians
within the Long Walls of Corinth. Battle within those walls.—The
Lacedæmonians are victorious—severe loss of the Argeians.—The
Lacedæmonians pull down a portion of the Long Walls between
Corinth and Lechæum, so as to open a free passage across. They
capture Krommyon and Sidus.—Effective warfare carried on by
the light troops under Iphikrates at Corinth—Military genius
and improvements of Iphikrates.—The Athenians restore the Long
Walls between Corinth and Lechæum—expedition of the Spartan
king Agesilaus, who, in concert with Teleutias, retakes the Long
Walls and captures Lechæum.—Alarm of Athens and Thebes at the
capture of the Long Walls of Corinth. Propositions sent to Sparta
to solicit peace. The discussions come to no result.—Advantages
derived by the Corinthians from possession of Peiræum. At
the instigation of the exiles, Agesilaus marches forth with
an army to attack it.—Isthmian festival—Agesilaus disturbs
the celebration. The Corinthian exiles, under his protection,
celebrate it; then, when he is gone, the Corinthians from the
city perform the ceremony over again.—Agesilaus attacks Peiræum,
which he captures, together with the Heræum, many prisoners, and
much booty.—Triumphant position of Agesilaus. Danger of Corinth.
The Thebans send fresh envoys to solicit peace—contemptuously
treated by Agesilaus.—Sudden arrival of bad news, which spoils
the triumph.—Destruction of a Lacedæmonian mora by the light
troops under Iphikrates.—Daring and well-planned manœuvres
of Iphikrates.—Few of the mora escape to Lechæum.—The
Lacedæmonians bury the bodies of the slain, under truce
asked and obtained. Trophy erected by Iphikrates.—Great
effect produced upon the Grecian mind by this event.
Peculiar feelings of Spartans; pride of the relatives of the
slain.—Mortification of Agesilaus—he marches up to the walls
of Corinth and defies Iphikrates—he then goes back humiliated
to Sparta.—Success of Iphikrates—he retakes Krommyon,
Sidus, and Peiræum—Corinth remains pretty well undisturbed
by enemies. The Athenians recall Iphikrates.—Expedition of
Agesilaus against Akarnania—successful, after some delay—the
Akarnanians submit, and enrol themselves in the Lacedæmonian
confederacy.—The Lacedæmonians under Agesipolis invade
Argos.—Manœuvre of the Argeians respecting the season of the
holy truce. Agesipolis consults the oracles at Olympia and
Delphi.—Earthquake in Argos after the invasion of Agesipolis—he
disregards it.—He marches up near to Argos—much plunder
taken—he retires.—Transactions in Asia—efforts of Sparta to
detach the Great King from Athens.—The Spartan Antalkidas is
sent as envoy to Tiribazus. Konon and other envoys sent also,
from Athens and the anti-Spartan allies.—Antalkidas offers to
surrender the Asiatic Greeks, and demands universal autonomy
throughout the Grecian world—the anti-Spartan allies refuse
to accede to those terms.—Hostility of Sparta to all the
partial confederacies of Greece, now first proclaimed under
the name of universal autonomy.—Antalkidas gains the favor of
Tiribazus, who espouses privately the cause of Sparta, though
the propositions for peace fail. Tiribazus seizes Konon—Konon’s
career is now closed, either by death or imprisonment.—Tiribazus
cannot prevail with the Persian court, which still continues
hostile to Sparta. Struthas is sent down to act against the
Lacedæmonians in Ionia.—Victory of Struthas over Thimbron and
the Lacedæmonian army. Thimbron is slain.—Diphridas is sent
to succeed Thimbron.—Lacedæmonian fleet at Rhodes—intestine
disputes in the island.—The Athenians send aid to Evagoras
at Cyprus. Fidelity with which they adhered to him, though
his alliance had now become inconvenient.—Thrasybulus is
sent with a fleet from Athens to the Asiatic coast—his
acquisitions in the Hellespont and Bosphorus.—Victory of
Thrasybulus in Lesbos—he levies contributions along the
Asiatic coast—he is slain near Aspendus.—Character of
Thrasybulus.—Agyrrhius succeeds Thrasybulus—Rhodes still
holds out against the Lacedæmonians.—Anaxibius is sent to
command at the Hellespont in place of Derkyllidas—his vigorous
proceedings—he deprives Athens of the tolls of the strait.—The
Athenians send Iphikrates with his peltasts and a fleet to the
Hellespont. His stratagem to surprise Anaxibius.—Defeat and
death of Anaxibius.—The Athenians are again masters of the
Hellespont and the strait dues.—The island of Ægina—its past
history.—The Æginetans are constrained by Sparta into war
with Athens. The Lacedæmonian admiral Teleutias at Ægina. He
is superseded by Hierax. His remarkable popularity among the
seamen.—Hierax proceeds to Rhodes, leaving Gorgôpas at Ægina.
Passage of the Lacedæmonian Antalkidas to Asia.—Gorgôpas
is surprised in Ægina, defeated, and slain, by the Athenian
Chabrias; who goes to assist Evagoras in Cyprus.—The
Lacedæmonian seamen at Ægina unpaid and discontented.
Teleutias is sent thither to conciliate them.—Sudden and
successful attack of Teleutias upon the Peiræus.—Unprepared
and unguarded condition of Peiræus—Teleutias gains rich
plunder, and sails away in safety.—He is enabled to pay his
seamen—activity of the fleet—great loss inflicted upon Athenian
commerce.—Financial condition of Athens. The Theôrikon.—Direct
property-taxes.—Antalkidas goes up with Tiribazus to Susa—his
success at the Persian court—he brings down the terms of peace
asked for by Sparta, ratified by the Great King, to be enforced
by Sparta in his name.—Antalkidas in command of the Lacedæmonian
and Syracusan fleets in the Hellespont, with Persian aid. His
successes against the Athenians.—Distress and discouragement of
Athens—anxiety of the anti-Spartan allies for peace.—Tiribazus
summons them all to Sardis, to hear the convention which had
been sent down by the Great King.—Terms of the convention,
called the peace of Antalkidas.—Congress at Sparta for
acceptance or rejection. All parties accept. The Thebans at
first accept under reserve for the Bœotian cities.—Agesilaus
refuses to allow the Theban reserve, and requires unconditional
acceptance. His eagerness, from hatred of Thebes, to get into a
war with them single-handed. The Thebans are obliged to accept
unconditionally.—Agesilaus forces the Corinthians to send away
their Argeian auxiliaries. The philo-Argeian Corinthians go into
exile; the philo-Laconian Corinthians are restored. 326-388

HISTORY OF GREECE.