Chapter IX: The West, (3)

Sir Guy Carleton was sent to relieve Sir Henry Clinton in New York, and he arrived early in May. His instructions (April 4, 1782,—_Sparks MSS._, lviii.; cf. Sparks's _Washington_, viii. 294-298) were to avoid hostilities except for defence. He failed to open communication with Congress to treat for peace (Madison's _Debates_, vol. i.; Rives's _Madison_, i. 331, 333). An account of the cantonments of the British about New York just before this (Feb., 1782) is in the _Sparks MSS._ (xlix. vol. iii.). Clinton's account of his being relieved is in Mahon, vii. App., p. xvii. It was not till August that Carleton's communications to Washington rendered it certain that the concession of independence was a preliminary of the negotiations then going on for peace. Active hostilities accordingly ceased on both sides, though a posture of caution and vigilance was still maintained by each commander. The French, who had remained in Virginia, now joined (September) the Americans on the Hudson. There is among the Rochambeau maps an excellent colored plan (no. 33), measuring twenty inches wide by thirty high, showing the country from White Plains north, and called _Position des Armées Amer. et Française à King's Ferry, Peak's Hill, et Hunt's Taverne, 17 Sept. et 20 Oct., 1782_. In October the French under the Baron de Viomenil marched to Boston and embarked, while Rochambeau and Chastellux sailed from Baltimore. On the final departure of the French see a paper by J. A. Stevens in the _Mag. Amer. Hist._, vii. p. 1. The report on their departure, made to Congress, is dated Jan. 1, 1783,—_Secret Journals_, iii. 267.

(From Andrews's _Hist. of the War_, London, 1785, vol. iv. Cf. Harper's _Cyclo. of U. S. Hist._, ii. 653.)]

In Dec., 1782, the army had set forth in representations to Congress the sufferings which it had experienced from the want of pay (_Journals of Congress_, iv. 206; Madison's _Debates_, etc., i. 256; Rives's _Madison_, i. 383; Morse's _Hamilton_, i. 114). Nothing satisfactory came of this appeal, and a movement of uncertain extent, but seemingly having the countenance of officers of high rank, was aimed at producing action on the part of the army, which might easily, if allowed to proceed, have passed beyond prudent control, till a claim for redress of grievances might instigate an act of mutiny. Its chief manifestations were in two successive anonymous addresses, circulated through the camp at Newburgh, which were written, as was later acknowledged, by Major John Armstrong, a member of Gen. Gates's staff. Washington interposed at a meeting of the officers (March 15, 1783), and by a timely address turned the current. The original autograph of his address belongs to the Mass. Hist. Society, and that body issued a fac-simile edition of it (Boston, 1876), with letters of Col. Pickering, Gov. John Brooks, Judge Dudley A. Tyng, and William A. Hayes, authenticating the document, and describing the scene when Washington read it. Copies of the addresses made by Armstrong himself are in the _Sparks MSS._, xlix. 1, 8, and they are given in Sparks's _Washington_, viii. 551; and in a _Collection of papers, relative to half-pay and commutation of half-pay, granted by Congress to officers of the army. Compiled by the permission of General Washington from the original papers in his possession_ (Fishkill, 1783). Cf. Sabin, iv. 14, 379. Washington at a later day, Feb. 23, 1797, wrote to Armstrong, exonerating him from having intended any evil to the country (_Sparks MSS._, no. xxiv.). The genuineness of this letter having been assailed, Armstrong (Nov. 27, 1830) wrote a letter asserting its truth, and this autograph letter is in Harvard College library. More or less extended accounts of the incidents accompanying this attempt to organize a coercion of the civil by the military power will be found in the lives of Washington by Marshall (iv. 587); Sparks (viii. 369, 393); and Irving (iv. ch. 31); in Pickering's _Pickering_ (i. ch. 29, 30, 31; including Montgar's, _i. e._ Armstrong's, letter in 1820); Drake's _Knox_, 77; Rives's _Madison_ (i. 392); J. C. Hamilton's _Republic_ (ii. 365, 385), and _Alexander Hamilton_ (ii. 68); Morse's _Hamilton_, i. 119; Quincy's _Shaw_ (p. 101); Hildreth's _United States_ (iii. ch. 45); Dunlap's _New York_ (ii. 230); Lossing's _Field-Book_ (ii. 106, 315); _Journals of Congress_ (iv. 213); Bancroft, final rev., vi. 71.

A letter from Lafayette, who had gone to France, shortly afterwards arrived, announcing the signing of the preliminary articles of peace; and the news being confirmed by a letter from Carleton, Washington, on April 19, the eighth anniversary of the day of Lexington, issued a proclamation announcing cessation of hostilities. Sparks's _Washington_ (viii. 425; App. 13); Heath's _Memoirs_; Madison's _Debates_ (i. 437); _Diplom. Correspondence_ (ii. 319-329; x. 121; xi. 320); _Secret Journals of Cong._ (iii. 323, under date of April 11, 1783).

Knox had suggested (Drake's _Knox_), and in April, 1783, the Society of the Cincinnati had been formed from the officers of the army, with a plan of transmitting membership to descendants. It was intended as an organization to perpetuate a brotherhood formed in arms, and to offer an organization which might conveniently deliberate as occasion required upon the condition of the country. As a rule the principal civil leaders of the Revolution looked upon the combination with disapproval (Wells's _Sam. Adams_, iii. 202; Austin's _Gerry_, ch. 25; Sparks's _Franklin_, x. 58; Bigelow's _Franklin_, iii. 247; John Adams, _Works_, ix. 524, called it "the first step taken to deface our temple of liberty"), and even with dread, lest it might lend itself to the creation of castes and the furtherance of schemes against the liberties of the country. There was a widespread dissatisfaction among the people generally, not always temperately expressed, and years were required to remove the apprehension so incontinently formed. The society was organized in the Verplanck house (view in _Appleton's Journal_, xiv. 353); the fac-similes of the signatures to the original subscription are given in the _Penna. Archives_, vol. xi., and a representation of a certificate signed by Washington is in Lossing's _Field-Book_, ii. 128. The bibliography of the society and its branches, by States, is given by Lloyd P. Smith in the _Bulletin of the Philadelphia Library_, July, 1885. Particular reference may he made to the accounts and expositions given in the _Penna. Hist. Soc. Memoirs_ (1858), vi. pp. 15-55, by Alexander Johnston; _North Amer. Review_, v. lxxvii. 267, by W. Sargent; _St. Clair Papers_, i. 590; Kapp's _Steuben_, ch. 26; E. M. Stone's _Our French Allies_, p. xix; Lossing's _Field-Book_, ii. 127; J. B. McMaster's _People of the U. S._, i. 167; R. C. Winthrop's _Speeches, etc._ (1852, etc.), P. 345; and the account of the centennial of the order in _Mag. Amer. Hist._, Sept., 1883, pp. 171, 235, 253.

On the 18th June, 1783, Washington from Newburgh, whither he had removed his headquarters from Verplanck's after the departure of the French, issued his last circular letter to the States (Sparks, viii. 439; Irving, iv. 394), full of counsel and warning.[1568]

The troops were in large part dismissed on furlough, and finally, Congress (Oct. 18) by proclamation, directed the disbandment of the army, to take effect Nov. 2 (_Secret Journals_, iii. 406). A small body was, however, still kept together under Knox, to await the definitive form of the treaty. Washington now occupied a brief space in making a journey with Gov. Clinton over the battlefields of Burgoyne's campaign. He then, at the request of Congress, proceeded to Princeton, and was domiciled for a while at Rocky Hill, in order to be at hand for conferences with that body. From this place, Nov. 2, 1783, he issued a farewell address to the army. (Sparks, viii. 491; Irving, iv. 402; Pickering's _Pickering_, i. 488.)

The last surviving pensioner of the Revolution is called one Lemuel Cook in the _Amer. Hist. Record_, ii. 357. In 1864, what purported to be the record of the latest survivors of the war appeared in Elias B. Hillard's _Last Men of the Revolution_ (Hartford, 1864). An account of John Gray as the last soldier of the Revolution, by J. M. Dalzell, was printed at Washington in 1868. B. P. Poore's _Descriptive Catal. of Gov't Publications_ will enable one to trace many of those soldiers whose claims came before Congress.

Carleton giving notice of his readiness to evacuate New York, Washington now returned to West Point, and prepared to enter the city with Gov. Clinton on the appointed day. The general and the governor entered the upper end of the town on Nov. 25, while the British embarked at the lower end. Valentine's _N. Y. City Manual_ for 1861 gives various documentary records, some in fac-simile. On Dec. 1 there were fireworks, a broadside programme of which is in the cabinet of the Mass. Hist. Society. Trumbull painted a picture of the scene of the evacuation, which is given in the _Mag. Amer. Hist._, 1883, p. 387. The histories of New York city commemorate the event, and there are illustrated papers on it in _Harper's Mag._, Nov., 1883 (vol. lxvii. 609), and _Manhattan Mag._, Dec., 1883. Cf. _Hist. Mag._, xi. 42; Lieut.-Col. Smith's letter in _N. Y. City during the Rev._ (N. Y., 1861); Irving's _Washington_, iv. ch. 33; Jones's _N. Y. during the Rev._ (ii. 504). Some days after the British had gone, Washington met his principal officers (Dec. 4) in Fraunce's Tavern, and bade them farewell.

This building stood on the corner of Pearl and Broad streets, N. Y., and was occupied by Washington as headquarters when he entered the city after the British evacuated in 1783. The cut follows a view given in Valentine's _N. Y. City Manual_, 1854, p. 547, accompanied by a paper by W. J. Davis. Cf. _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, iii. 144, 151, 152; Lossing's _Field-Book_, ii. 839; Gay's _Pict. Hist. U. S._, iv. 90; Dawson's _Westchester_. The opening chapter of McMaster's _History of the People of the United States_, (N. Y., 1883) describes the appearance of New York city at this time, and indeed of the other principal American towns, and the habits of living through the country. An account of New York at this time is also in the _Manhattan Mag._, ii. 561.

Immediately leaving New York, Washington journeyed to Annapolis, where Congress was then assembled. Here, on Dec. 23, he met Congress in the State House (view in _Columbian Mag._, Jan., 1789; Lossing's _Field-Book_, ii. 402), where he resigned his commission in an address. (Sparks, viii. 504, and App., xiv.; Marshall, iv. 622. A fac-simile of the manuscript is given in the _Mag. Amer. Hist._, 1881, vol. vii. 106. Cf. _Journals of Congress_, iv. 318; Ridgeley's _Hist. of Annapolis_.) On Christmas Eve, Washington reached Mount Vernon, once more a private gentleman.

Congress on the 14th Jan., 1784, sitting at Philadelphia, finally ratified the definitive treaty of peace.

INDEX.

[Reference is commonly made but once to a book, if repeatedly mentioned in the text; but other references are made when additional information about the book is conveyed.]

Abercrombie, Lt.-Col., at Yorktown, 504.

Acland, Lady, 357;
portrait, 358.

Acland, Major, 294, 308, 357, 358.

Acton, Mass., men at Concord, 184.

Acts of trade, 2, 6, 63;
evaded, 10;
enforced, 11.

Adams, Abigail, 205;
on Bunker Hill, 187.

Adams, Brooks, _Emancipation of Mass._, 255.

Adams, C. F., on John Hancock, 271.

Adams, H. B., _Maryland's influence upon land cessions_, 708.

Adams, John, on Acts of Trade, 7, 9;
on Otis's argument on Writs of Assistance, 11;
report of Otis's argument, 13;
demands reopening of courts, closed by want of stamps, 32;
his political philosophy, 35;
on _Canon and Feudal Law_, 35, 83;
likeness, 36;
Dutch edition of his acc. of the troubles with Great Britain, 36;
his personal appearance, 36;
painted by Copley, 36;
by Stuart, 36;
by Trumbull, 36;
by Winstanley, 36;
engravings of, 36;
of his wife, 36;
his homestead, 36;
his writing in fac-simile, 37;
his part against Great Britain, 37;
defends Capt. Preston, 49;
autog., 51;
leads in impeachment of Oliver, 57;
in Congress (1774), 59;
presides at Port Act meeting, 60;
and the navigation laws, 64;
in the Congress of 1765, 74;
brief at trial of Preston, 86;
helps Sam. Adams in the replies to Hutchinson (1773), 90;
on the tea-ship commotions, 91;
controversy with Brattle on the payment of judges, 95;
_Familiar letters_, 95;
in the Congress of 1774, 99;
notes of debates in Congress of 1774, 100;
drafts part of the Declaration of Rights, 100;
notes on debates in Congress of 1775, 107;
controversy with Daniel Leonard, 108;
as _Novanglus_, 110;
_Hist. of the dispute_, 110;
considered Jonathan Sewall his adversary, 110;
attracts attention (1774), 117;
uneasy over Washington's inaction at Cambridge, 152;
visits Lexington, 180;
on independence, 238;
on com. to draft Declaration of Independence, 239;
in debate, 239;
his intercepted letters, 249;
his belief in independence, 249;
outspoken for independence, 255;
on the growing spirit of independence, 257;
owned portrait of Jefferson, 258;
leading advocate of the Decl. of Indep., 261;
autog. 263;
life of Hancock, 265;
life by E. Ingersoll, 266;
on Hancock, 271;
on Paine's _Common Sense_, 272;
his _Thoughts on Government_, 272;
preceded by letter to R. H. Lee, 272;
letter to John Penn, 272;
on observing the anniversary of the Decl. of Indep., 274;
drafts the Mass. Constitution, 274;
_Defence of the Constitutions_, 274;
lives in New York, 276;
weary of Washington's Fabian policy, 392;
proposes to elect generals annually, 446;
his interest in naval matters, 567;
goes to France with Com. Tucker, 567;
on employing Indians, 673.

Adams, Josiah, _Address_, 184.

Adams, Samuel, portraits, 40, 41;
autograph, 40;
painted by Copley, 40;
by John Johnson, 41;
statue, 41;
in the Mass. legislature, 42;
his political writings, 42, 83;
compared with Lord Mansfield's speeches, 43;
demands that the troops in Boston be removed to the Castle (1770),
49;
moves for a com. of correspondence, 54;
in Congress (1774), 59;
would prevent reconciliation, 60;
wrote the answers of the legislature to Gov. Hutchinson, 67, 90;
_Vindication of the Town of Boston_, 67;
first mover against taxation, 68;
wrote the replies to Bernard, 73;
_Appeal to the World_, 84;
_Letter to Hillsborough_, 84;
on "Vindex", 86;
writes Hancock's massacre oration, 88;
and com. of correspondence, 89;
_Rights of the Colonies_, 90;
proposes Congress, 99;
proposes Duché for chaplain of Congress (1774), 99;
in the Congress of 1774, 99;
had a hand in the Declaration of Rights (1774), 100;
the tribune of the Mass. yeomanry, 113;
returns from the Congress of 1774, 116;
repute in London, 117;
at Lexington (1775), 122, 179;
excepted from pardon, 132;
urges independence, 231, 257;
in the Cont. Congress, 236;
his character, 236;
alienated from Hancock, 238;
the earliest to avow independence, 248;
Galloway on, 254, 255;
autog., 263;
life by H. D. Gilpin, 266;
a spurious _Oration_, 274;
and the Conway cabal, 446.

Admiralty courts, 4, 6, 10;
first held in N. E., 65;
instituted, 567.

Adolphus, _England_, 112.

Agnew, Daniel, _Region of Penna. north of the Ohio_, 709.

Agnew, General, 427;
killed, 386.

Agnew, J. L., _Savannah_, 519.

Ainslee, Capt. Thomas, _Journal_, 222.

Aitkins, _Plan of Boston_, 207.

Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty, 14.

Alamance, battle of, 81.

Albach, James R., _Annals of the West_, 648.

Albany, 609;
Indian treaty at (Aug., 1775), 623;
plan of (1770), 298.

Alden, Col. Ichabod, at Cherry Valley, 636;
killed, 638.

Alden, Fort (Cherry Valley), 666.

Alexander, Capt. James, 534.

Allaire, Anthony, diary, 525, 535.

Allan, Col. John, 657;
correspondence with Haldimand, 657.

Alleghany River, 609.

Allen, _Battles of the British navy_, 589.

Allen, Ethan, 160;
autog., 128;
would lead an invasion of Canada, 160;
at Ticonderoga, 161, 213;
captured at Montreal, 162;
statue, 214;
_Narrative_, 214;
letters, 214;
lives of, 214;
a price on his head offered in N. Y., 214;
seeks to enlist Canadian Indians, 614;
Indians with, 660.

Allen, Ira, _Ship Olive Branch_, 214;
letters (1776), 227;
on the evacuation of Ticonderoga, 350.

Allen, James, poem on the Boston Massacre, 88.

Allen, James (Philad., 1777), diary, 260, 436.

Allen, Jolley, 205.

Allen, Paul, _Amer. Rev._, 664.

Allen, Wm., _Arnold's Expedition_, 1775, 217.

Allen, William, Jr., 395.

Allenstown, N. J., 410.

"Alliance", ship, 576, 577, 584, 586.

Allyn, Chas., 562.

Almon, _Seat of War in N. Y._, etc., 416.

Almon's _Remembrancer_, important documents in, 653.

Alsop, John, 108.

Amboy, 340, 404, 408;
map of, 342.

_American and British Chronicle of War_, 672.

American Revolution, causes of, 5, 62;
ecclesiasticism as a cause, 62;
authorities on the causes, 62, 255;
earliest outbreaks, 173.
_See_ names of heroes and battles of the war.

Ames, Nathaniel, _Astron. diary_, 82;
_Almanac_, 118.

Amherst, Gen., and the Pontiac conspiracy, 692.

Amory, T. C., _Old and New Cambridge_, 142;
defends Gen. Sullivan, 598;
_Gen. Sullivan_, 666;
papers on Sullivan, 667;
_James Sullivan_, 83.

_Analectic Magazine_, 187.

Anayea, 669.

Anburey, Thomas, _Travels_, 360.

Anderson, Col. Robt., 677.

Anderson, W. J., 216.

André, Maj. John, at Boston, 204;
in Philadelphia, 395;
in the Mischianza, 436;
his letters to Mrs. Arnold, 449;
as "John Anderson", 449;
profile likeness, 452;
autographs, 452, 453;
other portraits, 453, 454;
one by Reynolds, 454;
sketch by himself, 454, 461;
Adj.-General, 453;
his instructions from Clinton, 454;
on the "Vulture", 454;
lands at the Clove, 454;
meets Arnold, 454;
goes to Smith's house, 455;
receives papers from Arnold, 455;
disguises himself, 456;
goes by land towards New York, 456;
captured, 457;
papers found on him, 457;
their history, 457;
carried to Jameson, 458;
writes a letter to Washington, 458;
at West Point, 460;
confined at Tappan, 460;
before a military board, 460;
condemned, 460;
proceedings of the board printed, 460;
various editions, 460;
subject of tragedy, 460, 464;
Clinton endeavors to save him, 461;
requests to be shot, 461;
his conduct, 461;
his sketches, 461;
hanged, 461;
his remains taken to England, 461;
his statement, 461;
his monument, 463;
his mother pensioned, 463;
_Life_ by W. Sargent, 464;
_Papers_ on, ed. by Dawson, 464;
captured at St. John, 464;
a prisoner, 464;
served with Gen. Grey, 464;
his lineage, 464;
his will, 464;
bibliography, 464;
various papers on, 464;
his captors honored, 466;
their patriotism questioned, 466;
his confinement, 466;
justice of his execution, 322, 467;
his character, 467;
his last hours, 467;
_Case of Maj. André_, 467;
was he a spy at Charleston? (1780), 468;
his _Cow Chace_, 560;
tragedy of, 560.

André, _Mémoire de Paul Jones_, 590.

Andrews, John, letters from Boston, 90, 178, 205.

Annapolis, Md., Washington at, 747.

_Annual Register_, 516.

Antell, E., his plan of siege of Quebec, 226;
express from Quebec, 222.

Anthony, H. B., on Ternay's tomb, 499;
address on Greene, 510.

Anthony's Nose (Hudson River), 324.

Appleton, W. S., 110.

Appletown, N. Y., 669.

Appoquinimink Creek, 421.

Apthorpe, _Considerations on the conduct_, etc., 70;
_Review_, 70.

Arbuthnot, Admiral Mariot, attacks Charlestown, S. C., 472, 526, 527;
blockades Newport, 560;
controversy with Clinton, 517;
succeeded Graves, 517.

Armand, Col., 533;
with Gates, 477.

Armstrong, Gen., on Burgoyne's campaign, 358;
on Germantown, 421;
Newburgh addresses, 745.

Armstrong, J., _Richard Montgomery_, 216.

Armstrong, John, _Life of Wayne_, 514.

Armstrong, M., 209.

Armstrong commands the Penna. militia, 381.

Arnell, Dr., _Address_, 662.

Arnold, Benedict, in Cambridge (1775), 128;
shares command with Allen at Ticonderoga, 129;
surprised St. John's (1775), 130;
trouble with Ethan Allen, 130;
at Ticonderoga, 161;
commences Kennebec expedition, 162;
before Quebec, 163;
wounded, 165;
his post at Cedar Rapids attacked, 166;
interest in Gen. Warren's children, 194;
commissioned by Mass. to take Ticonderoga, 213;
Dawson's view of his connection with Ticonderoga, 214;
his regimental book, 214;
letters, 214;
part in the Canada expedition, 216;
instructions for the Kennebec route, 217 (_see_ Kennebec
expedition);
his journal, 218;
his letters, 218, 219, 220;
intercepted, 222;
portraits, 223;
autog., 223;
letters during the retreat, 226;
in command on Lake Champlain, 292, 346;
at Valcour's Island, 292;
escapes, 293;
joins Schuyler, 298;
advances toward Fort Stanwix, 300, 350, 632;
under Gates, 304;
at Freeman's Farm, 305;
quarrel with Gates, 306;
in fight of Oct. 7, 1777, 308;
was he at Freeman's Farm? 315, 357;
wounded (Oct. 7, 1777), 357;
at Trenton, 379;
marries, 402;
did he suggest the attack on Trenton? 407;
his treason, 447;
portraits, 447, 448, 449;
the beginning of his treasonable correspondence, 447, 448;
his birthplace, 448;
his house, 448;
his marriage, 449;
as "Gustavus", 449;
gives Clinton information, 449;
not trusted by Congress, 450;
at Danbury, 450;
made major-general, 450;
fac-simile of his commission, 450;
his wife at Robinson house, 458;
in command in Philad., 367, 400, 402, 450, 451;
charges against him by the Council of Penna., 450;
court-martial, 402, 450, 451;
his accounts of the Canada expedition questioned, 450;
reprimanded by Washington, 403, 451;
at the Robinson house, 452;
his treasonable letters preserved, 452;
efforts to meet André, 453;
his passes, 453;
his price, 454, 463;
meets André, 454;
receives Jameson's letter, 458;
his flight, 458;
his aides grow suspicious, 460;
attempts to intercept him, 460;
sends letter to Washington, 460;
his aides, 460;
has plans of West Point, 460;
threats if André is executed, 461;
his life in England, 463;
in New Brunswick, 463;
his descendants, 463;
his address of exculpation, 463;
his proclamation to induce desertion, 463;
his vindication in _Remarks on Travels of Chastellux_, 463;
authorities on his treason, 463;
_Life_ by Sparks, 464;
_Life_ by I. N. Arnold, 464;
his own telling of the story, 466;
attempt to seize him, 468;
in Virginia, 495, 546, 732;
distrusted by Clinton, 546;
invades Connecticut, 562;
had Indians with him on the Kennebec exped., 614;
his treason and the northern invasions, 672;
his capture attempted, 732.

Arnold, S. G., in the Rhode Island campaign, 595.

Arnold, Isaac N., on Benedict Arnold at Freeman's Farm, 357;
"Arnold at the court of George III", 463;
_Life of Benedict Arnold_, 464;
his family, 464;
controverted by J. A. Stevens, 464;
his death, 464.

Asgill, Capt. Chas., case of, 744;
portrait, 745.

Ashe, Gen., 470;
at Briar Creek, 520;
his career, 520.

Ashley, John, 63.

Assanpink Creek, 375.

Atkinson, _Newark,_ 560.

_Atlas Amériquaine_, 341.

Atlee, Col. S. J., 327.

Attenbocum, Capt., 411.

Attucks, Crispus, 85.

Atwill, Winthrop, _Treason of Arnold_, 466.

Aubry, Gov., at N. Orleans, 701.

Auchmuty, Judge, 119.

Auckland MSS., 467.

"Augusta", frigate, blown up, 387, 428;
picture of, 388.

Augusta, Georgia, its defences, 490;
siege of, 535, 544.

Austin, Jonathan Loring, carries news of Burgoyne's surrender to
Europe, 364, 571;
journals of his trip, 586.

Austin, Jona. W., 88.

Avery, Joseph, 521.

Avery, Rufus, 562.

Avery, Samuel, 662.

Babson, _Gloucester_, 568.

Bacon, Leonard W., on the invasion of Conn., 557;
address on Groton Heights, 562.

Badeaux, J. B., _Invasion du Canada_, 223.

Bailey, J. T., _Brooklyn_, 329.

Baker, W. S., _American Engravers_, 81, 185;
_William Sharp_, 492.

Balcarras, Earl, 366;
with Burgoyne, 294.

Balch, Thomas, 101;
_Maryland Line_, 202;
edits Blanchard's Journal, 554;
_Les français en Amérique_, 560.

Baldwin, C. C., on Vigo and G. R. Clark, 725.

Baldwin, Loammi, 187.

Baldwin, Samuel, _Diary_, 525.

Balfour, Capt., 118.

Balfour, Col., commands in Charleston, 517, 538, 541.

Ballston, N. Y., destroyed, 645.

Baltimore, Lord, 673.

Bancroft, Col. E., 189.

Bancroft, Geo., on the navigation acts, 64;
on the siege of Boston, 173;
his account of the Long Island battle criticised, 330;
on Arnold's treason, 464;
on Oriskany, 665;
on Wyoming, 665.

Bangs, Lieut., 326.

Banker, Gerard, 409.

Banks, James, _Hist. Address_, 676.

Barber, Col. Francis, 668;
order-book, 670.

Barber, Geo. C., 670.

Barber, J. W., _Hist Coll. N. Y._, 666.

Barber, _New Haven_, 185.

Barclay, S., _Personal Recollections_, 329.

Barlow, Aaron, 216.

Barlow, Joel, on Thomas Paine, 253;
life by Burr, 253.

Barlow, S. L. M., owns Arnold's journal, 218.

Barnard, _Hist. England_, 461.

Barney, Joshua, Com. Acc. of, 575;
autog., 575.

Barney, Mary, _Com. Joshua Barney_, 575.

Barras, autog., 500;
succeeds Ternay, 499.

Barré, Isaac, accounts of, 72;
his speeches on the Stamp Act, 29, 72;
originates the phrase "Sons of Liberty", 72;
his portrait ordered by Boston, 74;
predicts loss of colonies, 85.

Barren Hill, Lafayette at, 396, 442;
map, 443.

Barrett, Col., 124.

Barrette, Lieut., 545.

Barretts, Samuel, 109.

Barrow, Sir John, _Lord Howe_, 594.

Barry, Henry, _Strictures Examined_, 106.

Barry, Com. John, his autog., 581;
on the "Raleigh", 581;
accounts of, 581;
in the "America", 583.

Bartlet, W. S., _Frontier Missionary_, 657.

Bartlett, Josiah, 186; on Bunker Hill, 194;
autog., 263;
life of, 265;
on privateering, 591.

Bartlett, J. R., _Hist. of destruction of the Gaspee_, 90;
dies, 90;
account of, by Gammell, 90.

Bartlett, S. C., on Bennington, 356.

Barton, Col., place of capturing Gen. Prescott, 602;
the capture, 403;
accounts of, 404;
his diary, 643.

Baton Rouge, 739.

Battle, K. P., 519.

Baum, Colonel, at Bennington, 300, 354;
death of, 356;
his instructions, 366.

Bauman, Sebastian, map of Yorktown, 551.

Baurmeister, Major, 333.

Bayley, Col., and the Indians, 614.

Bayley, Col. J., at Lake George, 346.

Beach, Allen C., _Centennial Celebrations_, 308.

Beach, W. W., _Indian Miscellany_, 657.

Beaman on Ticonderoga, 214.

Bean, T. W., _Washington at Valley Forge_, 416, 439.

Beardsley, _Life of W. S. Johnson_, 85.

Bears, Isaac, 178.

Beatson, Robert, _Naval and Mil. Memoirs_, 518, 589.

Beatty, Erkuries, 667;
his journal, 671.

Beatty, Capt. William, 418.

Beaulieu, Georgia, 470.

Beaurain, _Carte de la Guerre_, 416;
map of Boston and harbor, 213.

Becket, publishes _Authentic Papers from America_, 100.

Beckford, Alderman, 83.

Beckwith, H. W., _Historic Notes_, 718;
on Vigo, 725.

Bedell, Col. Timothy, 216;
at the Cedars, 616.

Bedford, Col. Gunning, 327.

Bedford, Duke of, 21.

Bedford (Long Island), 328.

Bedford (Mass.) men at Lexington, 184;
their flag, 184.

Bedford, Pa., taken, 691.

Beers, Nathan, 464.

Belisle, _Independence Hall_, 259.

Belknap, Dr. Jeremy, note-books, 189;
diary, 202;
life, 202.

Belknap, Jeremy, uncle of historian, 85.

Belknap, Jos., 85.

Bell, Andrew, 445.

Bell, Charles H., on the privateer "Gen. Sullivan", 591.

Bell, Robt., publishes Paine's _Common Sense_, 269.

Bellefeuille, Mr., 729.

Bellomont, Lord, 564.

Bellows, Col., 350.

Bemis Heights, Gates occupies, 304;
battle, 356.
_See_ Saratoga.

Benedict, E. C., _Battle of Harlem_, 334.

Bennett, C. P., 545.

Bennington, Vt., authorities on the battle, 354;
loss at, 354;
Indians at, 627;
fight at, 300;
maps of the fight, 356.

Benson, Egbert, _Vindication of the Captors of André_, 466.

Bentalou, Paul, _Pulaski Vindicated_, 522, 524;
_Reply to Johnson_, 522.

Benton, N. S., _Herkimer County_, 351, 657.

Bergen Point, 343, 404.

Berkeley, Bishop, his house in Rhode Island, 602.

Bernard, Edward, view of Bunker Hill, 198;
_Hist. of England_, 273.

Bernard, Francis, Gov. of Mass., 12, 22;
his letters sent back to Boston, 83;
_Causes of the present distractions_, 106;
_Select letters_, 106;
his rebukes of the legislature, 34;
on the seizure of the "Liberty", 43;
and the Stamp Act, 73;
replies to him by the legislature, 73;
leaves Mass., 47, 84;
made baronet, 49;
his _Letters_, 67;
_Letters to Hillsborough_, etc., 84;
_Letters to the Ministry_, 84;
instructed to enforce the navigation laws, 32;
_Third extraordinary Budget of epistles_, 84;
_Copies of letters_, 84;
enforces laws of trade, 84;
his character, 84.

Bernard, John, _Retrospections of America_, 407.

Berniere. _See_ Bernière.

Bernière, Henry de, 182;
plan of Bunker Hill battle, 199, 202;
criticised, 202.

Berthelot, Amable, 216.

Besom, Capt. Philip, narrative, 592.

Bethlehem, Pa., Moravian Sisters, 524.

Bickerstaff's _Boston Almanac_, 86.

Bickham, George, 372.

Bicknell, _Barrington, R. I._, 203.

Biddle, Chas. J., defends the execution of André, 468.

Biddle, James, 74.

Biddle, Capt. Nicholas, in the "Andrea Doria", 570;
portrait, 570;
in the "Randolph", 571;
engages the "Yarmouth", 571.

Bigelow, Col. Timothy, orderly-books (1779, 1780), 359.

Big-Knives (Kentuckians), 722.

Bilbao, prizes taken to, 592.

Billingsport, N. J., 386, 425;
attacked, 387.

Billon, _Annals of St. Louis_, 737.

Bishop, _Hist. Amer. Manufactures_, 108.

Bishops, their introduction opposed in N. E., 243.

Bisset, _George III_, 223.

Bixby, Samuel, 203.

Blackbird, Pa., 421.

Blackstocks, affair at, 480, 536.

Blanchard, Claude, _Journal_, 554.

Blanchard, Col., _Map of N. Hampshire_, 217.

Bland, Col. Theodoric, commands Convention troops in Virginia, 321;
his papers, 321;
_Bland Papers_, 321.

Bland, Richard, _Enquiry_, 85.

Blaskowitz, Charles, plan of Frog's Neck, 337;
chart of Narragansett Bay, 593, 601;
map of Newport, 597.

Bleecker, Capt. Leonard, order-book, 670.

Bliss, E. F., 736.

Blood, Thaddeus, 178.

Bloodgood, _Sexagenary_, 358.

Blowers, Sampson S., autog., 51.

Blue Licks, battle at, 730.

Board of War, 392, 437.

Boardman, S. W., _Privateer Cromwell_, 592.

Boardman, Timothy, _Log-book_, 591.

Bollan, William, _Coloniæ Anglicanæ illustratæ_, 70;
transmits Gage's letters to Boston, 83.

Bolton, Dr. Thomas, 120.

Bond, Col., 227.

Bonner, map of Boston, 207.

Bonneville, picture of D'Estaing, 594.

Boone, Daniel, portrait, 707;
his adventures, 708;
his biographers, 708;
in Kentucky, 710, 715;
defends his fort (1778), 716.

Boonesborough, Ky., 715.

Bordenton, 408, 410.

Border life, literature of, 248.

Border warfare, 605;
literature of, 248;
in the South, scant material for accounts of, 678.

Boston inflamed by the Grenville Act, 27;
arrival of troops (1766), 38;
threats to take her patriots to England for trial, 46;
troops sent to (1768), 43, 45;
(1769), 47;
Brazen Head, sign of, 47;
non-importation agreements, 49, 78;
Col. Dalrymple gets key of the Castle, 53;
tea-ships at, 57, 91;
Port Act meeting, 60;
affected by navigation laws, 64;
_Observations of the merchants upon several Acts of Parliament_, 64,
83;
_Records_, 67;
(1768) Revere's picture, 81;
convention to consider the coming of troops, 81;
agitation over the quartering of troops in Boston, 82;
_Appeal to the world_, 84;
petition to the king (1772), 89;
_The American Alarm_, 90;
the "Mohawks" and the tea-party, 91;
_Votes and Proceedings_ respecting the tea-ships, 91;
warning broadside, 92;
accounts reach London, 92;
condition during the Port Bill, 95;
title of Port Bill Act, 95;
news arrives, 97;
broadside, 97;
records of this time in Boston City Hall, 95;
gifts to, 95;
effect of Port Bill, references, 96;
newspapers of 1775, 110;
blockade of, 113;
Gage shut up in, 114;
fortifies the Neck, 115;
Gage's force (Jan., 1775), 118;
meetings at the Green Dragon, 120;
maps of roads about, 120, 121;
after Lexington, families leaving the town, 125;
conditions of leaving, 128;
country Tories enter Boston, 128;
army besieging, 134;
British in, 134;
reinforcements under Burgoyne, Clinton, and Howe, 134;
Gates advises against an assault, 142;
want of provisions during the siege, 144;
contemporary views from Beacon Hill, 148-151;
British encampments on the Common, 149;
Howe advised by the ministry to abandon the town, 152;
the siege pressed, 152;
to be destroyed if necessary, 153;
plays acted, 153;
_Boston Blockade_, 153;
songs from, 154;
_Tragedy of Zara_, 155;
view of (1776), 157;
view of the Castle, 157;
the town evacuated, 158;
population, 158;
authorities on the siege, 172;
Washington proposed boat attack, 172;
_Antique views_, 185;
plan by Norman, 201;
siege of, 202;
account of the American camps, 202;
diaries, 202;
letters, 203;
orderly-books, 204;
the British camp, 204;
_Newsletter printed_, 204;
Liberty-tree cut down, 204;
houses occupied by British generals, 204;
British works, 204;
selectmen correspond with Gen. Thomas, 204;
diaries, letters, etc., during the siege, 204;
American prisoners in the town, 204;
evacuated, 205, 568;
_Evacuation Memorial_, 205;
property destroyed, 205;
Ward left in command, 205;
the Quakers of Philadelphia help the poor, 205;
fears of an attack, 205;
medal given to Washington to commemorate the siege, 206, 207;
maps of the siege, 207;
from Marshall's _Washington_, 206;
maps of the town of the Rev. period, 207, 209;
landmarks of the siege, 207;
English plans, 207;
that in _Almon's Remembrancer_, 208;
one in the library of Congress, 209, 210;
Pelham's map, 209;
Rawdon map, 209;
surveys of Wm. Page, 210;
map of lines on the Neck, 211;
Brown's house, 211;
Trumbull's plan of the Neck lines, 211;
plan indorsed by Mifflin, 212;
other plans, 212;
British plan of American lines, 212;
plan of Boston and vicinity, 212;
French maps of the siege, 212;
Latin map, 213;
German maps, 213;
feared Howe in 1777 was coming there, 416;
congress at, in 1780, 560;
_Proceedings_ ed. by F. B. Hough, 560;
her privateers, 587;
fleets of Howe and Byron off the harbor (1778), 603;
D'Estaing in, 603;
riot in, 603;
fear of British advancing from Rhode Island, 603;
siege of, Indians employed, 613;
killing of sentries, 657;
"Boston", frigate, given to Captain Tucker, 566;
lost at Charleston, 583.

_Boston Gazette_, 110.

Boston harbor, forays in (1775), 131;
plans of, 202, 207, 209, 212, 213.

Boston massacre, 49, 85;
plan of the ground, 47, 48;
picture of, 47;
news of, in England, 52;
causes, 85;
authorities, 85;
_Short Narrative_, 85;
sent to England, 85;
_Additional Observations_, 85;
_Letter to C. Lucas_, 85;
other accounts, 85;
Kidder's _Boston Massacre_, 86;
Preston's trial, 86;
trial of soldiers, 49, 86;
printed _Report_, 86;
_Fair Account_, 86;
did the soldiers fire before being assaulted? 88;
its effect in producing the Rev., 88;
its anniversary observed, 88;
ovations, 88;
commemorated (1775), 119;
burlesqued, 120.

Boston Neck (R. I.), 600.

_Boston Newsletter_, 110, 204.

Boston Port Bill, 58.
_See_ Boston.

Botetourt, Gov., 46.

Boucher, Jona., _Views of the Amer. Rev._, 98.

Boudinot, Elias, _Star in the West_, 652.

Bound Brook, 408, 409.

Bounties offered to Indians, 674;
for scalps, 681.

Bouquet, Col. Henry, his portrait, 692;
his character, 692;
account of, 692, 693;
_Hist. Acc. of Expedition_, 651, 699;
marches to relieve Fort Pitt, 694;
fight at Bushy Run, 696;
map of his campaign, 696;
at Fort Pitt, 697;
marches into the Ohio Valley, 698;
returns, 699;
dies, 699;
captives retaken by him, 699;
West's picture of them, 699;
West's picture of his Council with the Indians, 694;
Papers, 690, 693.

Bourgoin, _Thèâtre de la Guerre_, 416.

Bowdoin, James, 128;
in Congress (1774), 59;
taking the lead, 83;
his autog., 83;
his character, 83;
_Letter to Hillsborough_, 84;
on the desire for independence, 255.

Bowen, Ephraim, on the destruction of the "Gaspee", 90.

Bowen, Francis, his _Otis_, 70;
_Benj. Lincoln_, 513;
_Steuben_, 515.

Bowen, J. S., on Brandywine, 419.

Bowen, Nathan, 318.

Bowman, Capt. Joseph, 718.

Bowman, Capt. Josiah, 682.

Bowman, Major, fighting the Shawanese, 730.

Bowring, _Jeremy Bentham_, 95.

Bowyer, Adj., on Waxhaws, 527.

Boyd, Lieut. Thomas, 640, 671.

Boyle, _Marylanders_, 227.

Boylston, E. D., _Hillsborough County Congress_, 108.

Boynton, Edw. C., _West Point_, 464.

Boynton, Thomas, 188.

Brackenborough, Judge, life of Braxton, 265.

Brackenridge, H. H., drama on Bunker Hill, 198;
_Death of Montgomery_, 216;
on the Monmouth field, 446.

Brackenridge, H. M., _Views of Louisiana_, 652.

Brackinridge, H., on the Indians, 736.

Bradford, Alden, _Jonathan Mayhew_, 71;
edits _Mass. State Papers_, 73;
_Bunker Hill_, 191;
life of R. T. Paine, 265.

Bradford, Job, 187.

Bradford Club, 219.

Bradford's _Collection_, 73.

Bradstreet, Col., goes up the lakes (1764), 698;
at Detroit, 698;
orderly-book, 698.

Brainerd, W. F., 562.

Brandywine, battle of, 381;
map of battle, 414;
view of the field, 419;
Galloway's plan of, 415;
sources, 418;
Washington's map of the campaign, 420, 421;
Hessian map, 422;
other plans, 422, 423.

Brant, Joseph, at Montreal, 619;
made Guy Johnson's secretary, 623;
portraits, 623, 625;
autograph, 625;
at the Cedars, 625, 626;
his early life, 625;
invades New York (1777), 626;
at siege of Fort Stanwix, 299, 628, 661;
to operate in New York (1778), 633;
his ravages, 633;
burns Andrustown, 636;
attacks German Flats, 636;
at Cherry Valley, 636, 665;
denied responsibility for massacre at Cherry Valley, 638;
accounts of, 657;
descendants, 657;
letters, 657;
meets Herkimer, 627;
attacks the Minisink settlements, 639;
his report, 672;
at Canajoharie, 644;
not at Wyoming, 663.

Brashear, Lieut., 729.

Brassier, Wm., surveyed Lake Champlain, 347.

Brattle, Gen., his letter to Gage in fac-simile, 98.

Braxton, Carter, life, 265;
autog., 266;
_Address to the Convention_, 272.

Breechloaders used at Brandywine, 419.

Brehm, Capt., 738.

Brent, _Archbishop Carroll_, 229.

Brevoort, J. C., has some of Paul Jones's papers, 590.

Breyman, Col., at Bennington, 300, 354.

Briar Creek, 520.

Bridgdens, of Boston, 47.

Bridgetown, Pa., 421.

Briggs, C. A., _American Presbyterianism_, 244.

Bristol (Pa.), 409, 410.

Bristol (R. I.), 600.

British army, brutality of, 372.

British Constitution, spirit of, 5.

British regiments, historical records of, 198.

Brock, R. A., on the Nelson house, 506.

Brodhead, Col., attacks the Indians of the Alleghany, 642, 671;
his route, 642;
at Fort Pitt, 731;
acc. of his exped., 653.

Bromfield, John, 187.

Bronson, J., 464.

Bronx River, 337.

Brookline, Mass., fort at, 206, 210;
view of, 150.

Brooklyn, maps of, 329;
battle of, 277;
risks of the British, 290;
maps, 344, 404;
accounts of, 344;
roads of approach, 277;
British plans, 278.
_See_ Long Island.

Brooklyn Heights, 275;
defences of, 275.

Brooks, Chas., _Medford_, ed. by Usher, 202.

Brooks, Erastus, 665;
on Indian history, 681.

Brooks, Col. John, at Bemis's Heights, 357;
on Valley Forge, 436;
on Monmouth, 446;
autog., 136;
portrait, 202;
on Bunker Hill plans, 202.

Brooks, N. C., on the Burgoyne campaign, 361.

Broom, J., surveyor, 421.

Brotherhead, _Signers_, 259.

Brougham, Henry, 9, 10, 63.

Broughton, Capt. Nicholas, 565.

Brown, Capt. Abraham, 130.

Brown, Dr. Buckminster, 194.

Brown, Dr. Geo., 187.

Brown, H. A., _Oration on the Congress of 1774_, 99;
_Mem. and Orations_, 439;
on Monmouth, 446.

Brown, H. K., statue of Gen. Greene, 510.

Brown, Col. John, and Ticonderoga, 213;
killed at Stone Arabia, 644;
in Canada, 161, 613, 615, 674;
his letters from Canada, 215.

Brown, Mrs. J. B., _Stories of Warren_, 194.

Brown, J. M., _Schoharie County_, 660.

Brown, Peter, 187.

Brown, Dr. Samuel, 710.

Brown, Thomas, 203.

Brunswick (N. C.), 542.

Brush, Crean, 205.

Bryan, Alexander, Gates's scout (1777), 358.

Bryan, Geo., 401.

Bryd, Col., 730, 731.

Brymner, Douglas, 693;
edits Haldimand calendar, 653;
Report on Canadian Archives, 733.

Buchanan, James, _No. American Indians_, 651;
on removing André's remains, 461.

Buck, W. J., _Washington on the Neshaminy_, 418.

Buck Island, 661.

Buckingham, J. T., _Specimens of newspaper lit._, 110.

Buffalo, N. Y., history of, 648.

Buffenton's Ford, 418.

Buford, Col., defeated at Waxhaws, 475, 527.

Bugbee, J. M., _Centennial of Bunker Hill_, 172.

Bull, Col., 679.

Bull, Gen., 519.

Bull, surveys of Georgia, 538.

Bullard, E. F., address, 366.

Bullock, Alex. H., on the Constitution of Mass., 274.

Bull's Ferry, affair at, 560.

Bunker Hill, occupied, 135;
order for it, 135;
battle of, 136;
forces engaged, 140;
Howe criticised, 140;
losses, 140;
news of it spread, 140;
authorities, 184;
earliest accounts, 186;
contemporary letters, diaries, and orderly-books, 187, 188;
losses of property at Charlestown, 187;
depositions of survivors, 189;
early historians, 189;
who commanded? 190;
officers engaged, 191;
monument, 194;
anniversary discourses, 194;
British accounts, 194;
letters, 194;
fac-simile of the Tory broadside account, 196;
Rawdon drawing of the battle, 197;
other pictures, 197;
general histories, 198;
ballads, 198;
dramas, 198;
British plan of the battle, 199;
_America invincible_, 200;
novels and poems, 200;
plans, 200, 202;
plan from the _Impartial History_, 201;
plan of the redoubt, 212;
of the works built by the British, 212.

Burch, 39.

Burdge, Franklin, 270.

Burgoyne, Gen. John, writes Gage's proclamations, 131;
correspondence with Chas. Lee, 144;
his opinion, 1775, on subduing the colonies, 145;
feared the occupation of Dorchester Heights, 156;
reaches Quebec (1776), 167, 225;
follows Sullivan, 167;
on Bunker Hill, 195;
life by Fonblanque, 195;
portraits of, 292, 293;
autog., 292;
suggests the use of mercenaries, 293;
his army, 294;
his character, 294;
orders from Germain, 295;
at St. Johns, 295;
his bombastic proclamation, 295;
at Crown Point, 296;
at Ticonderoga, 299;
refused troops by Carleton, 299;
at Fort Edward, 299;
losses at Stanwix and Bennington, 301;
moved towards Saratoga, 304;
at Freeman's Farm, 305;
awaits succor from Clinton, 307;
makes reconnoissance (Oct. 7), 307;
his losses, 309;
retreats to Saratoga, 309;
surrounded, 309;
sends flag of truce, 309;
terms gained, 309, 317;
fac-simile of letter to Gates about the British wounded, 310;
at Gates's headquarters, 310;
his losses in the campaign, 311;
his army marched to Boston, 311, 318;
the plan of his campaign criticised, 312;
his difficulties of supply, 313;
his slow movements, 313;
authorities on his campaign, 315;
charges against Henley, 318;
examination of the observance of the convention, 318;
breaks the provisions of the convention, 318;
neither side scrupulous, 319;
flags concealed, 319;
plan for the campaign of 1777, 348;
preparations, 348;
issues a proclamation, 349;
reprints, 349;
burlesqued, 349;
maps of the entire campaign, 349;
captures Ticonderoga, 349;
Hubbardton, 350;
proclamation, 350;
_Campaign of_, by W. L. Stone, 351;
worsted at Bennington, 354;
instructions to Baum, 354;
his report to Germain, 354;
discouraged, 356;
Freeman's Farm, 356;
battle of Oct. 7, 357;
surrenders, 358;
view of field, 358;
view of camp, 358;
his letter to Germain, 358;
strength of his army, 358;
authorities on the campaign in general, 358, 360, 361;
orderly-books and journals, 359, 360;
his own orders, 359;
life by De Fonblanque, 361;
maps of the final battles, 361;
fac-simile of map in _Analectic Mag._, 362;
view of the field of surrender, 361;
signatures of the convention, 361;
Gates's headquarters, 361;
landmarks of the campaign, 361;
effects of the surrender in Europe, 364;
sails for England, 364;
in Parliament, 364;
his birth, 364;
satires upon, 364;
his defences in Parliament, 365;
_Substance of Speeches_, 365;
John Wilkes' comments, 365;
resigns his commission, 365;
_Letter to his Constituents_, 365;
_Reply_, 365;
_Letter to Burgoyne_, 366;
_A brief examination_, 366;
_Enquiry into the conduct of Burgoyne_, 366;
_Supplement to the State of the Expedition_, 366;
attacked in _Remarks_, 366;
_Letter to Lieut.-Gen. Burgoyne_, 366;
reply by Rev. Sam. Peters, 366;
_Essay on modern martyrs_, 366;
his _State of the Expedition_, 366;
his documents laid before Parliament, 366;
documents in the War Office, 366;
his speech to the Indians, 366;
his letter from Albany, 366;
councils of war, 366;
exchanged, 366;
news of his surrender sent to Europe by Massachusetts, 571, 586;
his opinion of the use of Indians, 621, 627;
charged with buying scalps, 683;
Washington visits the scene of his campaign, 746.

Burk, John, _Virginia,_ 515.

Burke, Ardanus, _Address_, 527.

Burke, Edmund, 31;
his first speech, 32;
in Parliament (1770), 52;
_European Settlements_, 64;
on the debates of 1765, 72;
_Observations_ on Tickle's tract, 85;
_Thoughts on the Causes of the present Discontents_, 88;
on the Quebec Bill, 102;
on American taxation, 112;
his _Works_, 112;
speeches on conciliation, 112;
conversation with North, 112;
his character, 112;
lives of, 112;
as a speaker, 112;
on Bunker Hill, 195;
ridicules Burgoyne's proclamations, 295;
in the _Annual Register_, 687.

Burke, J. W., 258.

Burr, Aaron, on the Kennebec exped., 162;
as a soldier, 163;
in the assault on Quebec, 165;
his house in N. York, 276.

Burton, Jonathan, 202, 227;
his diary, 346.

Bury, Viscount, _Exodus of the Western Nations_, 232.

Bushnell, C. I., _Crumbs for Antiquarians_, 202, 219.

Bushnell, David, invents the "American Turtle", 567.

Bushy Run, battle of, 694;
losses, 669;
plan, 692;
described by Burke, 697;
by Wm. Smith, 697.

Bute, Earl of, 21;
his ministry, 23.

Butler, James D., on Bennington, 356.

Butler, Col. John, at Niagara (Sept., 1776), 626;
to invade the Susquehanna country (1778), 633;
at Wyoming, 634, 636, 663;
his report, 664.

Butler, Mann, 718.

Butler, Col. Richard, at Monmouth, 446;
_Diary of Yorktown_, 554.

Butler, Walter N., at Cherry Valley, 636, 665;
on the Mohawk (1781), 646;
killed, 646.

Butler, Col. Wm., 346;
burns Oquaga, 636;
route of, in 1778, 681.

Butler, Zebulon, report on Wyoming, 634, 664;
acc. of, 664;
and the Tuscaroras, 619;
escapes, 635.

Butler's Rangers, 661;
their badge, 631.

Butterfield, C. W., edits Leith's _Narrative_, 682;
_Washington-Crawford letters_, 714;
_Exped. against Sandusky_, 737;
_Washington-Irvine Corresp._, 737.

Butt's Hill (R. I.), 602.

Byrd, Capt., 739, 741.

Byron, Admiral, on the American coast, 580;
off Boston harbor, 603.

Cadwalader, Col. Lambert, 288, 341;
at Fort Washington, 338;
and Gen. Prescott, 403.

Cahokia, 730;
Indian council at, 719;
surrenders, 722;
raid upon, 737, 739.

Caldwell, Charles, _Life of Gen. Greene_, 510.

Caldwell, David, his life, 514.

Caldwell, Col. Henry, 222.

Caldwell on Ticonderoga, 214.

Calef, John, _Siege of Penobscot_, 604.

Callendar, George, 209.

Calvé, 739.

Calvert, Geo. H., play on André, 464.

Cambell, David, 535.

Cambridge (Mass.) fortified (1775), 130;
Holmes House, 135;
Tory Row, 142;
Vassall or Craigie House, 142;
Brattle House, 142;
Riedesel House, 142;
Oliver House, 142;
Bishop's Palace, 142;
Christ Church, 142;
_Centennial Memorial_, 142;
Washington Elm, 142;
councils of war in, 142;
accounts of the camp, 202, 203;
letters from the camp, 203;
orderly-books, 204; works at, 206;
legislature at (1769), 47;
men at Lexington, 184;
roads near, 121, 122.

Camden, Lord, on the Decl. of Indep., 269;
speeches, 112, 529.

Camden (Carolina), campaign of, 514;
battle of (Gates), 477, 478, 529;
and the militia, 478;
number of forces, 529;
losses, 530;
Faden's plan, 531;
other plans, 531;
Senff's plan, 533.
For the second battle at, _see_ Hobkirk's Hill.

Campbell, Archibald, map of Georgia, 675;
at Savannah, 469.

Campbell, Brigadier, at Pensacola, 739, 740.

Campbell, Col. Arthur, of Virginia, 677;
raid on the Indians, 680.

Campbell, C., edits Lewis's _Order-book_, 168;
edits _Bland Papers_, 321.

Campbell, C. A., on the Robinson House, 452;
on the Odell House, 561.

Campbell, Donald, succeeds to the command before Quebec, 165;
despatch about the siege of Quebec, 221.

Campbell, Douglass, on Cherry Valley, 666;
on the Iroquois and N. Y.'s Indian policy, 681.

Campbell, J. W., _Biog. Sketches_, 219.

Campbell, Robert, on King's Mountain, 535.

Campbell, Thomas, his letter to Brant, 663;
_Gertrude of Wyoming_, 665.

Campbell, Col. Wm., 478;
on King's Mountain, 535.

Campbell, W. W., on Gen. James Clinton, 659, 670;
_Tryon County or Border Warfare_, 351, 659;
_Border Warfare_, 655;
on Indians in the Rev. War, 655;
on Cherry Valley, 666.

Campbell, _Life of Loughborough_, 112.

Campfield, Jabez, diary, 668.

Canada, campaign in (1775-1776), 162;
authorities, 174, 215;
Schuyler in command, 215;
address of Congress to the inhabitants, 215;
maps of the campaign, 215;
maps of the region, 216;
Arnold's share in it (_see_ Kennebec expedition, Quebec);
retreat from Canada, 226;
local aspects, 227;
commissioners of Congress in, 227;
their instructions, 227;
new commissioners sent, 227;
their letters, 227, 229;
D'Estaing's proclamation to the inhabitants, 603;
Franklin's advocacy of its retention by England (1763), 686;
Indians of, visited by Maj. Brown, 613;
sought by Ethan Allen, 614;
invasion from, threatened, 615;
messengers sent to, by Adams and Warren, 119.

Canadea, N. Y., 669.

Canajoharie Castle, 608;
destroyed, 644.

Canandaigua, 669.

Caner, Henry, _Candid Examination_, 70.

Canot, P., 331.

Cantwell's Bridge, 421.

Cape Fear River, 485;
map, 542.

Cardinal, Nic., 726.

Carleton, General Guy, refuses troops to Burgoyne, 299;
opposes the use of Indians, 613, 618, 655;
thought to be intending an invasion, 615;
charged with coercing the Indians to take sides, 615;
uses them for defence, 618, 621;
instructed by Germain (1777), 348;
disappointed in not conducting the campaign (1777), 348;
his commissions, 653, 654, 673;
his orders (1776-1777), 359;
correspondence from Quebec, 222;
at Crown Point, 293;
reaches Quebec (1776), 164;
portrait, 164;
autog., 164;
arrives in N. Y. (1782), 745.

Carlisle, Pa., taken, 691.

Carmichael-Smyth, Sir James, _Précis of the War in Canada_, 223.

Carolinas, map of, by Henry Monson, 675.

Carpenter, J. C., 227.

Carr, Dabney, 56.

Carr, Lucien, on women's rights among the Indians, 607.

Carrington, Gen. H. B., _Boston and New York_, 173;
plan of Bunker Hill, 189, 202;
_Strategic relations of New Jersey_, 413;
on Lafayette in Virginia, 547.

Carroll, Chas., autog., 227, 265;
letters from Canada, 229;
in Canada, 166, 227;
last survivor of the signers of the Decl. of Indep., 264;
his _Journal_, 227;
references, 227;
his wealth, 227;
his house, 227;
medal, 227;
portrait, 227;
life, 266.

Carroll, John, in Canada, 166, 227.

Carter, William, _Genuine Detail_, 195.

Carter's Valley, 678.

Cartwright, John, 244.

Caruthers, E. W., _Interesting Rev. Incidents_, 514, 539;
_Life of David Caldwell_, 81, 514.

Carver, Jonathan, map of province of Quebec, 226.

Cary, Archibald, 259.

_Case of Great Britain and America_, 85.

Castiglione, _Viaggio_, 529.

Castine, 604;
British at (1779), 603.

Castle William (Boston), view, 157;
blown up, 158.

Castleton, Vt., 297;
Burgoyne's orders to people of, 359.

Caswell and the North Carolina militia, 476.

Catawba Indians, 611;
in the war, 525, 677;
friendly to the Americans, 620.

Catawba River, 475.

Catharine's town, N. Y., 669.

Caughnawagas, 613, 655;
at Montreal, 624;
offer aid, 673.

Caulkins, F. M., _New London_, 591.

Cavendish, Lady Georgiana, _Admiral Gambier_, 230, 326, 436.

_Cavendish Debates_, 102.

Caverley, A. M., _Pittsford, Vt._, 355.

Cayugas, their country, 609.

Caziare, Lieut., his surveys of Yorktown, 553.

Cedars, affair at, 166, 225, 616;
_Authentic Narrative_, 225.

Ceracchi, bust of Hamilton, 384.

Chad's Ford, 381, 421.

Chadwick, J. W., 331.

Chalmers, Geo., _Polit. Annals_, 64;
_Revolt of the Colonies_, 64, 232, 255;
_Opinions of Eminent Lawyers_, 255;
_Plain Truth_, 270;
on the growth of Amer. independence, 232.

Chamberlain, Mellen, "The Revolution impending", 1;
edits Dearborn's journal, 219, 360;
his _John Adams_, 261;
_Authentication of the Decl. of Indep._, 269.

Chambers, Col., _Chambersburg_, 327.

Chambers, John, 219.

Chamblée on the Sorel, 215;
Sullivan at, 167;
fort captured, 162;
its colors in Philad., 162.

Champe, Sergeant, and Arnold, 468;
_Champe's Adventures_, 468.

Champlain, Lake, armed vessels on (1776), 346;
Arnold on, 346;
surveyed by Brassier, 347;
maps, 348.

Champney, L. W., "Memories of New London", 562.

Chandler Ford, Pa., 421.

Chandler, P. W., _Amer. Criminal Trials_, 86, 463.

Chandler, Thomas B., his controversy with Chauncey, 71;
_What think ye of Congress now?_ 101;
_Strictures examined_, 106.

Channing, Edw., "War in the Southern Dept.", 469.

Channing, Wm. H., edits J. H. Perkins' _Memoirs_, 648.

Chapin, C. W. E., 650.

Chapman, Isaac A., 199, 362;
_Wyoming,_ 664.

Chapman, T. J., on the siege of Fort Pitt, 697;
on C. F. Post, 736.

Charleston, S. C., view, 171;
(1776), 229;
(1777), 471;
defences (1776), 169;
map of its harbor, 170, 471;
news of Lexington in, 178;
capitulation at, 322;
evacuated, 507;
Lincoln at, 474, 513;
attacked by Prevost, 520;
_Address to Clinton_, 527;
tea-ships at, 57;
siege (1780), 471, 524;
forces engaged, 525;
losses, 525;
plans of the siege, 526, 528;
American prisoners at, 534;
plan of, 538;
repossessed, 546;
ships taken at (1780), 582, 583.

Charlestown, Mass., views of, 197;
plan of, 198, 201, 202, 206, 210;
survey of, 200;
works made by the British (1775-1776), 202;
deserted, 138;
burned, 138.

Charters amended or revoked by the crown, 3;
Franklin's opinion, 3.

Chartres, Fort, surrendered, 705;
acc. of, 706;
abandoned, 720.
_See_ Fort.

Chase, Samuel, in Canada, 166, 227;
autog., 265;
life, 266;
letters, 341.

Chase, Thomas, _Sketches of Paul Jones_, 590.

Chastellux, autog., 500;
on Cowpens, 538;
_Remarks on his Travels,_ 463, 560;
sails from Baltimore, 745.

Chatham resigned, 46;
_Appeal_, 109 (_see_ Pitt);
common popular portrait, 109;
portrait for R. H. Lee, 110;
Hoare's picture of, 110;
bust by Wilton, 110;
statue at Charleston, 110;
medals, 110;
lives of, 112;
his speeches, 112;
his speeches against using Indians, 617, 621.

Chatterton's Hill, 286.

Chaudiere River, 224.

Chauncey, Chas., his autog., 71;
controversy with Chandler, 71;
_Discourse on Mayhew_, 71;
sermon, the Stamp Act repeal, 74;
on the Penobscot exped., 603;
_Letter to a friend_, 76, 95.

Chauvignerie, report on the Indians, 652.

Cheever, David, 187.

Chemung, 669;
ambuscade at, 681;
destroyed, 639.

Cheney, J. V., 138.

Cheraws, camp at, 483.

Cherokees, 611;
in the war, 523, 675;
their territory, 610;
ready to fight, 620;
map of campaign against, 675;
country invaded, 676;
treaties with, 677, 679;
their houses, 678.

Cherry Valley, 609;
accounts of massacre, 665;
attacked, 636, 638;
fortified (1778), 636.

Chesapeake Bay, charts of, 548;
French map, 553;
map of entrance, 550.

Chesney, Alex., acc. of war in So. Carolina, 535.

Chesney, Col., _Essays in modern military biography_, 536.

Chester, John, 187.

Chester, J. L., on André's lineage, 464.

Chester (Pa.), 429;
Washington at, 382, 415.

Chestnut Hill (Pa.), 425, 428;
skirmish at, 389.

Chevalier, M., _La Marine Française_, 598.

Chew, Benj., his house, 385, 426.

Chew, Joseph, 658.

Chickamaugas, 678.

Child, D. L., _Inquiry into conduct of Gen. Putnam_, 191.

Child, Sir Josiah, 63.

Chilicothe destroyed, 731.

Chipman, _Life of Warner_, 356.

Chittenden, L. E., _Address_, 214.

Choctaws, 611.

Choiseul, Duc de, 686;
sends a messenger to the English colonies, 244;
understood American affairs, 60;
watching the colonies, 16.

Choisy, autog., 500.

Chotteau, Léon, _Les Français en Amérique_, 463, 560.

Chouteau, Col. P., 705.

Christian, Col. Wm., 676, 679, 714.

Christiana Bridge (Pa.), 421;
creek, 381;
river, 421.

Church, Dr. Benj., his traitorous correspondence, 118, 145;
confined in Cambridge, 142;
_Elegy on Dr. Mayhew_, 71;
_The Times_, 73;
oration on Boston Massacre, 88.

Churchill, Amos, _Hubbardton_, 350.

Cincinnati Society, 746.

Circular letter of Mass., 42;
in England, 44, 46;
responses, 44.

Cist, Lewis J., 264.

Clap, Ensign, 203.

Clapham, Mrs., 47.

Clapp, _Dorchester_, 173.

Clarence, C. W., _Ralph Farnham_, 192.

Clark, Abraham, 407;
autog., 264;
life, 265.

Clark, Geo. Rogers, on the origin of the Dunmore war, 710;
on Cresap, 712;
his tour in Kentucky, 716;
sent to Va. Assembly, 716;
plans the conquest of the Northwest, 716;
made a colonel, 717;
raises troops, 717;
his own accounts of his Illinois campaign, 718;
his papers owned by L. C. Draper, 718;
his journal at Vincennes, 718;
his despatches captured, 718;
captures Kaskaskia, 719;
captures Vincennes, 718, 722;
his youth, 723;
holds council with the Indians, 724;
marches to retake Vincennes, 725;
transactions with Vigo, 725;
summons Hamilton, 726, 727;
on Hamilton, 682;
fac-simile of autog., 727;
captures stores, 728;
plans of capturing Detroit, 728;
builds Fort Jefferson, 730;
intercepted letters 730, 733;
estimate of him by Washington, 731;
fights Arnold in Va., 732;
made brig.-general, 732;
urged to capture B. Arnold in Va., 732;
disappears from Western history, 733;
on the Miami, 733;
discharged, 733;
social habits, 733;
in French service (1793), 733;
references, 734;
death, 734;
portrait, 734;
at St. Louis, 737, 740.

Clark, Henry, on Hubbardton, 350.

Clark, John, _Battle fought 17th June_, 195.

Clark, John, diary, 436, 446.

Clark, Rev. Jonas, 122, 180.

Clark, Joseph, 445.

Clark, Gen. J. S., map of the Newtown battle, 681;
on the Sullivan campaign (1779), 671.

Clark, Major, spy of Washington, 439.

Clark, Peter, on Bennington, 354.

Clark, Thomas, _Naval Hist. of U. S._, 589.