Chapter IX: The West, (12)

[572] The earliest English accounts which we have are two dated June 18, a letter of John Randon, a soldier (Lamb's _Journal of Occurrences_, 33; Dawson, 358), and that of an officer of rank from Boston (Force, iv.; Dawson, 357; Ellis, 115). Written on June 19, is a short letter from Brig.-Gen. Jones, colonel of the fifty-second regiment (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. 91; Frothingham's _Battle-Field_, 45). Henry Hulton, commissioner of his majesty's customs at Boston, wrote a long letter on June 20 (Emmons's _Sketches of Bunker Hill Battle_, 123; Dawson, 359; Ellis, 123). On the 22d, Adjutant Waller, of the Royal Marines, wrote a letter which is given in S. A. Drake's _Bunker Hill, the Story told in Letters from the Battlefield_. (Cf. P. H. Nicholas's _Historical Record of the Royal Marine Forces_, London, 1845, i. 84-89.) On the 23d we have the account of an officer on one of the king's ships (Force, iv.; Dawson, 360; Ellis, 117), and a brief letter by Dr. Grant, one of the surgeons (Dawson, 361; Ellis, 114). On the 24th, a merchant in Boston writes to his brother in Scotland (Ellis, 119).

The 25th of June must have been a letter day in Boston, in anticipation of the sailing of the despatch ship "Cerberus", for we have several letters of that date. Gage wrote then his official despatch to Lord Dartmouth, which reached London July 25, but a vessel had arrived at Waterford a week earlier (July 18), bringing rumors of the fight (P. O. Hutchinson's _Governor Hutchinson_, 489). The news was at once published from Whitehall (Almon's _Remembrancer_, 1775, p. 132; _Analectic Mag._, 1818, p. 260; Force, iv.; Dawson, 361, and his _Battles_, 65; Ellis, 94; Frothingham's _Siege_, 385; Moore's _Ballad History_, 86, etc.). Gage wrote at the same time a private letter to Dartmouth. "The number", he says, "of killed and wounded is greater than we could afford to lose, and some extraordinary good officers have been lost. The trials we have had show that the rebels are not the despicable rabble too many have supposed them to be" (_London Gazette_, July 25; Force, iv.; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. 353; Dawson, 363). Burgoyne wrote the same day (June 25) a "letter to a noble lord" (Stanley). He saw the action from Copp's Hill. We have the letter in two forms; the first in Burgoyne's letter-book, where he calls it the "substance" of the letter, and in this form it is printed by E. D. de Fonblanque in his _Political and Military Episodes derived from the life and correspondence of the Right Hon. John Burgoyne, General, Statesman, Dramatist_ (London, 1876), p. 153. In this draft he says that the fight "establishes the ascendency of the king's troops, though opposed by more than treble numbers, assisted by every circumstance that nature and art could supply to make a situation strong." This and other paragraphs, as well as other forms of expression, do not appear in the letter as historians print it, as by Mahon (vol. vi.), for instance, who, as Fonblanque supposes, had access to the letter actually received by Stanley. In this latter form the letter appeared in London in the public prints (Sept.), and in a broadside with a plan of the battle. It came back to Boston in this shape, and was printed in Hall's _New England Chronicle_ (Cambridge, Nov. 24), and in Edes's _Boston Gazette_ (Watertown), and is now frequently met with (_Analectic Mag._, 1815, p. 264; Ellis, p. 106, with comments from a London opposition journal; _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, xi. 125; Dawson, p. 363, and his _Battles_, p. 66; and in the Centennial publications of David Pulsifer and Samuel A. Drake). Fonblanque adds something more of Burgoyne's view in letters (pp. 147, 193) which he wrote to Lord Rochfort, without date, and to Lord George Germain (Aug. 20). In the former he said: "The defence was well conceived and obstinately maintained; the retreat was no flight; it was even covered with bravery and military skill."

Beside the Stanley letter of Burgoyne, we find also, written on June 25, two others: the first from Boston to a gentleman in Scotland (Force, iv.; Dawson, 364); the second from an officer in Boston (Force, iv.; Dawson, 365).

On the 26th, Gage wrote to the Earl of Dunmore in Virginia (Force, iv.; Dawson, 366).

On July 5th, there is a letter from an officer in Boston (_Detail and Conduct of the American War_, 3d ed., 1780, p. 12; Dawson, p. 367; Frothingham's _Siege_, 373).

A letter of Captain Harris, describing his receiving a wound and being taken from the field, is given without date in Lushington's _Lord Harris_ (p. 54; also Dawson, 366; Drake, 37). The Bunker Hill letter is lacking in G. D. Scull's _Capt. Evelyn of the King's Own_ (Oxford, 1879), but there is new matter in his _Evelyns in America_ (pp. 166-171, 278).

[573] The book passed to a second edition the same year. It was privately printed in New York in 1868, and is included by S. A. Drake in his _Bunker Hill_, published in 1875 (Brinley, no. 1,786; Stevens, _Americana_, 1885, £3 3_s_).

[574] Particular reference may be made to the more extended accounts in Moorsom's _Fifty-Second Regiment_ (with a plate of uniforms); Lamb's _Journal of Occurrences_ with the Welsh Fusiliers; E. Duncan's _Royal Artillery_ (London, 1872, i. 302); R. G. A. Levinge's _Fifty-third Regiment Monmouthshire light infantry_ (Lond., 1868, pp. 61-64); The _Case of Edward Drewe, late Major Thirty-fifth Regiment_ (Exeter, 1782,—see Dawson, 368).

[575] In 1793, when Stedman used the plate in his _American War_, he only altered the title, as Frothingham says. In 1797 it was again reëngraved, but also with changes in the title, as _A plan of the action at Breed's Hill, etc._, and, as then reduced by D. Martin, it constitutes the earliest American engraved plan. It appeared in C. Smith's _American War from 1775 to 1783_ (New York, 1797), and Hunnewell (p. 18) gives a heliotype of it. Nathaniel Dearborn, in his _Boston Notions_, engraved it, on a very small scale, in 1848; and the next year (1849) Frothingham reproduced it in its original state in his _Siege_, and pointed out that the correspondence of Montresor's survey to a recent survey of Felton and Parker inspired one with confidence in its accuracy (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv.). It is the basis of the best plans of the action, and is reproduced also in Irving's _Washington_, illus. ed., ii. 467.

[576] Dearborn was at the time a captain in Stark's regiment, at the rail fence. Winthrop was on the field unattached. Dr. Dexter looked on from the Malden shore of the Mystick. Kettell was a common soldier, at first in the redoubt; then at the rail fence. Miller was at the rail fence.

[577] _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1858. There is a portrait of Brooks, by Stuart, owned by Mr. Francis Brooks, of Boston. It has been engraved by A. B. Durand. Cf. Usher's ed. of Brooks' _Medford_ (Boston, 1886.)

[578] The figures in the town denote the numbers of the wards. The letters signify,—A, Town Hall; B, Old meeting; C, the Chapel; D, Governor's house; E, Christ Church; F, Trinity Church; G, Faneuil Hall; H, Old North meeting; I, Old South meeting; L, Work-house; M, Prison. A map like it appeared in 1782 in a work of similar title to that published in Boston, but printed at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, being a second edition of one printed at London in 1779. (Cf. Henry Stevens's _Hist. Coll._, i. no. 435.) The whole design seems, however, to be taken from a map which appeared in London, Sept. 2, 1775, whose main title is _Seat of War in New England, by an American Volunteer, with the marches of the several Corps sent by the Colonies towards Boston, with the Attack on Bunker Hill_; and which has in the margin a _Plan of Boston Harbor_, and is also the prototype of the one in the _Impartial History_ (Boston, 1781). Modern reproductions are also given in Wheildon's _New History_, F. S. Drake's _Tea Leaves_, and in various other of the Centennial memorials of 1875.

[579] _Military Journal_ (Boston, 1823). Others are the following: Diary of Jeremy Belknap, Chaplain, in _Life of Belknap_ and _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, June, 1858. _Diary of David How_, ed. by H. B. Dawson (Morrisania, 1865). A journal of Solomon Nash (beginning Jan. 1, 1776) is included in the series (vol. i.) edited by C. I. Bushnell, called _Crumbs for Antiquarians_, 2 vols., 1862-66 (Sabin, iii. 9,538). Journal of David McCurlin, beginning at Cambridge, Aug. 9, 1775, and ending May, 1776, in _Papers relating to the Maryland line_, ed. by Thomas Balch (Philad., 1857). Diary of Lieut. Jonathan Burton, of Wilton, N. H., on Winter Hill, Dec., 1775, to Jan. 26, 1776, in _N. H. State Papers_ (1885), vol. xiv., and _N. H. Rev. Rolls_, i. 667-689. Diary of Aaron Wright, June 29, 1775, to March 11, 1776, in _Boston Transcript_, April 11, 1862, and _Hist. Mag._, vi. 208. He was a private in a rifle company from the South. Diary of Lieut.-Col. Experience Storrs, June 13, 1775, to Feb., 1776, in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, Feb., 1882, p. 124. Journal of Crafts, June 15, etc., in _Essex Inst. Hist. Coll._, iii. Diaries in the _Hist. Mag._, Oct., 1864; Aug., 1871, p. 128; March, 1874, p. 133, by Ensign Clap. Diaries in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, Nov., 1863 (by Ezekiel Price); Feb., 1872 (by Paul Lunt, May 10 to Dec. 23, 1775); March, 1876 (by Samuel Bixby); Sept., 1882 (by Paul Litchfield, at Cambridge and Scituate). A diary of Caleb Haskell, beginning May 5, 1775, was published at Newburyport in 1881. There are some rather vague reminiscences in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xv. 390; and others in Elkanah Watson's _Memoirs_.

[580] In Sparks's _Washington_; in W. B. _Reed's Life of Reed_; in the Chas. Lee Papers (_N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1871); in Lee's _R. H. Lee_ (vol ii.). A letter to his brother, July 20, 1775, is in the _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, x. 353. His appeals for powder are in the _N. H. Prov. Papers_ (vii. pp. 571, 572, 581), as in other places. Two letters (July 23 and Dec. 4) are in the _Gen. Thomas Papers_. His correspondence with Josiah Quincy about fortifying the harbor is in the _Quincy Papers_ in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Cabinet.

John Adams tells of dining with Washington and the Caghnawaga sachems (_Familiar Letters_, p. 131). From near headquarters there are letters of Charles Lee (_N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1871; Lee's _Life of R. H. Lee_, i. 281; _Memoirs of Charles Lee_; one of July 23 in the _Gen. Thomas Papers_); of Horatio Gates (_N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1871; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. 281; several in the _Thomas Papers_); of Gen. Ward (many in the _Thomas Papers_); of Lewis Morris (_N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1875, p. 433, etc.); of Joseph Trumbull (_Hist. Mag._, vii. 22; Hinman's _Conn. in the Rev._, 554); of Asa Fitch (_Hist. Mag._, iii. p. 6); of Samuel B. Webb (_Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. 284; _Sparks MSS._ no. xxv.); of Thomas Brown (_Trumbull MSS._, iv. no. 75). Other letters of more or less interest will be found in the _N. Jersey Archives_, x. 606-608; in the _Memoirs of General Heath_; _Drake's Life of Knox_; Bicknell's _Barrington, R. I._ (p. 190); and others of Richard Devens and Richard Gridley are in the _Thomas Papers_. Letters of Robert Magaw, in August, are in the _Mag. of West. Hist._, Sept., 1886, p. 674.

[581] There are others in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. p. 282 (Joseph Ward to John Adams); in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, March, 1884, p. 221 (by Stephen Johnson); and by W. T. Miller, of the Rhode Island camp, in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1857, p. 136.

[582] Amory's _Life of Sullivan_; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. pp. 275, 283; others from the Langdon papers are copied in the _Sparks MSS._ (no. lii., vol. ii.; see also _Ibid._, no. xxi.). There are also letters of Scammel (_Hist. Mag._, xviii. 129); of John Stark and others (_N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 528-29, 531, 557, 565, 581, 612, 616, 675; viii. 30; one of Aug. 23 is in the _Thomas Papers_); of Samuel Sweat (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, Dec., 1879); and some in R. A. Guild's _Chaplain Smith and the Baptists_ (p. 166, etc.). Others from Medford are in _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 530, 555, 565.

[583] There is a letter of Thomas Mifflin in the _Thomas Papers_ (Aug. 26). Others of W. T. Miller in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._ (1857, p. 137); and of William Thompson in the _Life of George Read of Delaware_ (pp. 112, 128).

[584] _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. 277, 279, 280. Various letters of Joseph Warren, James Warren, and Mercy Warren are in the _Thomas Papers_. A book of contracts for supplies for the army, 1776, kept at Watertown and in part in the handwriting of Elbridge Gerry, is in the Boston Public Library [H. 90 a, 7].

[585] Col. Ephraim Doolittle's, April 22 to Aug. 19, 1775; an anonymous one, Sept.-Oct., 1775; and another, written at Roxbury and Cambridge, July 29, 1775, to Jan. 12, 1776; Sergeant Isaac Nichols's, Sept. 5 to Dec. 11, 1775, and Col. William Henshaw's, Oct. 1, 1775, to March 12, 1776, and March 19-27,1776. A book of Henshaw's, preceding this one, and covering April 20 to Sept. 26, 1775, as edited by C. C. Smith, was printed in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, Oct., 1876, and separately with additions (Boston, 1881).

[586] In the library of the Mass. Hist. Society, and unprinted, Maj. William Lee's orderly-book (Cambridge); and, in Harvard College library, that of Jeremiah Fogg (Winter Hill), Oct. 28, 1775, to Jan. 12, 1776. In the Penna. Hist. Society is one kept at Cambridge, July 3 to Sept. 11, 1775; and another, also at Cambridge, Nov. 5, 1775, to Jan. 1, 1776, is in the Boston Public Library [H. 90 a, 9]. Two were sold in F. S. Drake's sale, Boston, Nov., 1885, nos. 1,073, 1,074: one covering Feb. 1 to March 31, 1776; the other, Nov. 5 to Dec. 31, 1775. Glover's (June 29, etc.) is printed in the _Essex Inst. Hist. Coll._, V. 112. That of Col. Israel Hutchinson, Cambridge and Winter Hill, Aug. 13, 1775, to July 8, 1776, is in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, November, 1879. Baldwin's, Jan. 5 to March 28, 1776, is at the State House, Boston, with a large mass of rolls, commissary and other papers. Sullivan's brigade-book is in the library of the Mass. Hist. Soc. (_Proc._, Oct., 1884, p. 250). There are in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, iv. 67, papers on the rank of the field-officers at Cambridge, Nov., 1775; and in _Ibid._, xxviii. 259, a list of the bodies of troops near Boston in 1775. The state of affairs in and about Boston in 1774-75 is cleverly sketched in Winthrop Sargent's _Life of André_, ch. iv.,—that young British officer being there at the time.

[587] _Mem. Hist. Boston_, iii. 130.

[588] _Evelyns in America_, 273. Some of Gage's letters, however, are preserved in the Haldimand Papers in the British Museum, and their substance is given in the _Calendar of the Haldimand Papers_ (p. 52, etc.), published by the Canadian Archivist, Brymner, in 1884. They end, however, in March, 1775. There are letters of Gage and Howe to Dartmouth and Germaine in the _Sparks MSS._ (no. lviii., Part 2).

[589] Given in synopsis by Dr. Ellis in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, March, 1876, p. 233.

[590] _Boston Evacuation Memorial_, 1876.

[591] Cf. his _Men and Manners in America one hundred years ago_ (N. Y., 1876).

[592] The liberty-tree was cut down Sept. 1, 1775 (Moore's _Diary_, i. 131). There is a picture of it in _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii. p. 159. The various houses occupied by the British generals are traced in _Ibid._, iii. 155, with references. Within our day, a cannon-ball imbedded in the tower of the Brattle Square Church has attracted attention. A ball from the American lines struck there, and was afterwards fastened in the hole it made, as a memorial. When the church was taken down, the ball was transferred to the cabinet of the Historical Society (Loring's _Hundred Boston Orators_, 108; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xx. 189; _Catal. Cab. Hist. Soc._, p. 141). The house of John Hancock was rather roughly used (_Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii. 155).

[593] Newell's diary in _Mass. Hist. Coll._, xxxi.; that of "a British officer in Boston in 1775", edited by R. H. Dana, in _Atlantic Monthly_, April and May, 1877. (Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 307.)

We have also the diaries of some American prisoners in the town: Peter Edes's, which was printed at Bangor in 1837; and John Leach's, June 29 to Oct. 4, printed in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1865 (see also Oct., 1865). On the imprisonment of James Lovell, see Loring's _Hundred Boston Orators_, p. 33. Much of interest is found in the _Memoir and letters of Captain W. Glanville Evelyn, from North America, 1774-1776, ed. by G. D. Scull_, Oxford, privately printed, 1879. (Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, 1879, p. 289.) The letters were reprinted in Scull's _Evelyns in America_ (1881). Letters of Peter Oliver and others in P. O. Hutchinson's _Diary and letters of Thomas Hutchinson_ (vol. i., 1884; vol. ii., 1886). The letters of John Andrews, in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, July, 1865, are scant in the period from June, 1775, to April, 1776. The passing of news in and out of Boston is illustrated in letters, edited by W. P. Upham, printed in the _Essex Institute Hist. Coll._ (July, 1876), vol. xiii. 153, etc. Letters addressed to Gardiner Greene are in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, June, 1873. Samuel Paine, Oct., 1775, in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1876. _American Hist. Record_, Dec., 1872. Andrew Eliot remained for pastoral duty in the town during the siege. His letters to friends without, April, 1775, to Feb., 1776, are in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 182, 288-306. Letters on the last days of the siege, in Almon's _Remembrancer_, iii. 106-8, quoted in the _Evacuation Memorial_, 175. Letters of Maj. Francis Hutcheson are in the Haldimand Papers (_Calendar_, p. 177).

A MS. orderly-book of Adjutant Waller is in Mass. Hist. Soc. Library. A fac-simile of the order for the attack at Bunker Hill is given from it in _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii.

The log-book of the British ship "Preston", lying in the harbor, April-Sept., 1775, is printed in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, Aug., 1860.

[594] Sparks, iii. 319, 320, 330; Dawson, i. 96; _Life of Jos. Reed_, i. ch. 8; _N. H. Prov. Papers_, viii. 86.

[595] Force's _Amer. Archives_. A letter by Eldad Taylor, Sunday, March 18, 1776, in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, viii. 231; Edmund Quincy's, in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, April, 1858, p. 27, etc.; John Winthrop to John Adams, in _Heath Papers, etc._ (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._); Abigail Adams, in _Familiar Letters_, p. 148. See _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii., with references; and _Potter's Amer. Monthly_, vi. 166; and Chief Justice Oliver's diary, in P. O. Hutchinson's, _Thomas Hutchinson_, ii. 46.

[596] It appears from Hutchinson's _Diary_ (ii. 44) that while Dartmouth had directed the evacuation, Lord George Germain, in coming into office, had rescinded the order, but for some reason the despatch was not forwarded.

[597] There is a description of Crean Brush in a letter from Ebenezer Hazard (Feb. 18, 1775) in the _Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. 201.

[598] The royal arms carried off from the old State House are now in St. John, N. B. (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xx. 231).

[599] Edmund Quincy wrote at the time: "The tories, they say, have been equal plunderers with the military." _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1859, p. 231. Washington wrote to Lee, "The destruction of the stores at Dunbar's camp, after Braddock's defeat, was but a faint image of what was seen in Boston" (_N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1872, p. 32). For the contributions of the Friends of Philadelphia to the poor of Boston, see the _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, i. 168.

[600] Sparks's _Corresp. of the Rev._, i. 191, 200. There is an orderly-book of Colonel Francis's regiment, at Dorchester Point, Aug.-Dec., 1776, among the _Moses Greenleaf MSS._ (Mass. Hist. Soc.) Various castle and harbor rolls, seacoast defence rolls, etc., are in the _Mass. Archives; Rev. Rolls_, vols. xxv., xxxvi., xxxvii.

[601] Similar letters are in John Adams's _Works_, ix. 381, etc. Abigail Adams constantly informed her husband of the condition of affairs (_Familiar Letters_, 78, 85, 91, 111, 124, 129, 137, 138, 141, 156). There is a diary of Chief Justice Oliver at Halifax, after the refugees had reached there, in P. O. Hutchinson's _Hutchinson_, ii. 50.

[602] It was not procured from Paris till four years after the peace (Colonel Humphrey's letter, Nov., 1787, in _Amer. Museum_, ii. 493). John Adams (_Familiar Letters_, 210) describes a device proposed for it, as early as 1776. It was purchased for the city of Boston in 1876, and is now preserved in the Boston Public Library. Its history is given in the _Boston Evacuation Memorial_. It has been described and delineated, obverse and reverse, several times, as in Sparks's _Washington_, i. 174, iii. 356; in Frothingham's _Siege_ (cover); _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii. 100; _Amer. Journal of Numismatics_ (July, 1880), xv. 1, 38; Snowden's _Medals of Washington_; Loubat's _Medallic Hist. of the United States; Nat. Port. Gallery_ (N. Y. 1834); Johnston's _Orig. portraits of Washington_, p. 235; Guizot's _Atlas to his Washington_. Baker (_Medallic Portraits of Washington_, p. 27) says the artist made in it the earliest use of Houdon's bust. See Washington's letter in Force's _Archives_, v. 977. On one side are the words "Hostibus primo fugatis", and Mahon (vi. 85) seizes upon them to show that they plainly renounce all "the idle vaunts of Lexington", that the British had there fled.

[603] There is a reduction of this issue in the _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii. p. lv.

[604] It is reproduced in Wheildon's _Siege, etc., of Boston_; in Moore's _Ballad History_, etc.

[605] Reproduced by Wheildon (p. 32).

[606] This is reproduced in the _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, vol. iii.

[607] Like those in Marshall's _Washington_ (1806); in Sparks's _Washington_ (iii. 26, also in the Boston _Evacuation Memorial_, 1875); in Frothingham's _Siege_ (1849), p. 91; and in Carrington's _Battles_, p. 154,—to say nothing of those in Guizot's _Washington_, Lossing's _Field-Book_ (p. 154), Gay's _Pop. Hist. U. S._ (iii. 427), etc.

[608] This is reprinted in Frothingham's _Siege_ (p. 409).

[609] There is among the Washington plans a plan of the works on Winter Hill. Cf. _Sparks's Catal._, p. 207. It is not at Cornell. It is understood that nos. 1-11 of this set of plans, as per catalogue, were not sent to the Cornell University library. They do not appear to be among the _Sparks MSS._ in Harvard College library. This aspect of the siege of Boston is particularly studied in Lossing's _Field-Book of the Revolution_ (also in _Harper's Monthly_, vol. i.), and in S. A. Drake's _Landmarks of Middlesex_, and _County of Middlesex_ (ch. 19). There are photographs of this sheet in the Boston Public Library, the Mass. Hist. Soc. library, and in the State Library of Massachusetts. Cf. map of Boston, 1750-1773, in Brit. Mus. MSS., 21,686, fol. 70, in the _Index to Brit. Mus. MSS._ (1880).

[610] The whole map was reëngraved and published at Augsburg by T. C. Lotter, and the plan of the town was reproduced in Boston in 1875 by A. O. Crane. The whole map was reëngraved in Paris (1777) by Le Rouge, and makes part of the _Atlas Ameriquain_ (1778).

[611] It is reduced in the _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, iii. (Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, May, 1860.)

[612] It has been reproduced in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, vol. xvii.

[613] Sabine's _Amer. Loyalists_, i. 537.

[614] Cf. _Boston Harbor, [with] nautical remarks and observations by G. Callendar_, London, 1775. _Brit. Mus. Maps_ (1885), col. 491.

[615] Cf. the Rawdon map in _Harper's Mag._, xlvii. 20.

[616] There are photographs of it in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Library, Boston Public Library, and State Library. _Brit. Mus. Map Catal._, 1885, col. 493.

[617] _Belknap Papers_, ii. 115; _Mass. Hist. Soc Proc._, xix. 93, 94. A tracing is given in the _Boston Evacuation Memorial_ (1876), and it is reduced, but not in fac-simile, in Frank Moore's _Diary of the Revolution_, i. p. 213, and given in reduced fac-simile in S. A. Drake's _Old Landmarks of Middlesex_, and in the _Mem. Hist. of Boston_ (vol. iii.; introduction).

[618] These Faden maps are numbered, for the finished and rough drafts in E. E. Hale's _Catal. of the Faden Maps_, nos. 32-36, and include one by Lieutenant Hill, of the Welsh Fusileers.

[619] Frothingham reproduces it in his _Siege_, and it is reduced in the _Mem. Hist. of Boston_, vol. iii., introduction.

[620] _Brit. Mus. Map Catal._, 1885, col. 493.

[621] A reproduction of the harbor map was issued in Boston by W. P. Parrott, in 1851. It is also reproduced as no. 5 in the _Neptune Americo-Septentrional_, 1780.

[622] Dr. Thomas A. Emmet, of New York, owns several interesting, graphic memorials of the seat of war round Boston, one of which, a _Map of Boston and vicinity_, made during the British occupancy, is given by Benson J. Lossing in _Harper's Magazine_, July, 1873.

[623] _Labanoff Catalogue_, no. 1,576; copy in Amer. Geog. Soc. library.

[624] There are photographs of it in the Boston Public Library, Mass. State Library, and Mass. Hist. Society library.

[625] Cf. his letter to the provincial congress of Massachusetts in their journals, and various letters from him in the _Trumbull Papers_, vol. iv.

[626] Dr. Trumbull also stated the Connecticut case in the _Hartford Daily Courant_, Jan. 9, 1869, likewise printed separately. Cf. further Hollister's _Connecticut_, ii. ch. 7; Hinman's _Connecticut in the Revolution_, p. 29.

[627] Holland's _Western Mass._; Barry's _Mass._; Smith's _Pittsfield_; letters of Thomas Allen, May 4 and 9, 1775, in _Hist. Mag._, i. p. 109, etc.

[628] The original edition, _A narrative of Col. Ethan Allen's Captivity, Sept. 25, 1775, to May 6, 1778, containing his voyages and travels, with the most remarkable occurrences respecting himself, ... particularly the destruction of the prisoners at New York by Gen. Sir William Howe, in 1776 and 1777. Written by himself_ (Philad., 1779), was reprinted the same year in Philad., and also in Boston; again at Newbury, for publication in Boston, 1780; at Norwich in 1780; at Philadelphia in 1799; in the Appendix of the second volume of Ira Allen's _Particulars of the Capture of the ship Olive Branch_, etc. (Philad., 1805); with notes, at Walpole, N. H., 1807 (Stevens, _Hist. Coll._, ii. no. 6); at Albany, 1814; at Burlington, 1838; as _Ethan Allen's Captivity, being a Narrative, etc._ (Boston, 1845); as _A Narrative of Col. Ethan Allen's Captivity_ (Burlington, 1846, and, with slightly changed title, in 1849); as _Ethan Allen's Narrative of the Capture of Ticonderoga and of his Captivity_, etc. (Burlington, 1849); as _Narrative of the Captivity_, etc. (Dayton, 1849). Cf. Sabin, i. 793-800, 821. Allen's letter (May 11th) to the Massachusetts Congress is in Dawson's _Battles_, i. 38; and another (May 10th) to Seth Warner is in the _Mag. of Am. Hist._, 1885, p. 319. Various letters of Ethan Allen at this time are among the _Trumbull Papers_ (vol. iv.): to the Conn. Assembly, from Crown Point, May 26, 1775, covering a copy of his letter to the Indians (p. 96); to Governor Trumbull, July 6th and Aug. 3d. His letter from Crown Point, June 2d, to the N. Y. Congress, is in Sparks's Gouverneur Morris, i. p. 54. Cf. Lives of Allen by Sparks and by Hugh Moore; De Puy's _Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain heroes_; Williams's _Vermont_. Dr. De Costa having, in the _Galaxy_, Dec., 1868 (also in his _Fort George_, p. 10), disputed Allen's claim to the sole credit of the surprise, he was answered by Hiland Hall in a pamphlet, _The Capture of Ticonderoga_ (Montpelier, 1869; also in the _Vermont Hist. Soc. Proc._, Oct. 19, 1869). Cf. Ira Allen's _Vermont_; Goodhue's _Shoreham, Vt._

[629] Cf. Lives of Arnold by Sparks and by Isaac N. Arnold (ch. 2). The regimental memorandum-book of Benedict Arnold, written while at Ticonderoga and Crown Point, is printed in the _Penna. Mag. of History_ (Dec., 1884), viii. 363, and separately. It begins May 10th and ends June 24th, and is published from a copy made by W. H. B. Thomas before the original was lost. The _Sparks MSS._ (lii. vol. ii. p. 27) contain letters from Arnold between 1775 and 1780, beginning with a letter from Crown Point, May 23, 1775, and ending with a letter dated at Philadelphia, July 17, 1780, to Governor Huntington. There is a letter of Arnold from Crown Point, June 13, 1775, in the _Trumbull Papers_ (vol. iv. p. 111). Arnold was accused of countenancing the robbery of Skene's house a few days before the capture, and some papers in his defence are given in Stevens's _Bibliotheca Historica_ (1870), no. 96. The original list of trophies of Ticonderoga, in Arnold's handwriting, is in Dr. T. A. Emmet's Collection (Carrington's _Battles_). Cf. "Who took Ticonderoga?" in _Hist. Mag._, vol. xv. (Feb., 1869) p. 126. Arnold's appointment of May 3d, and his report of May 14th, are given from the original documents in the possession of Jonathan Edwards, of N. Y., in Jones's _N. Y. during the Rev._, i. pp. 546-7.

[630] Jones (p. 49) sets forth the tergiversations of Duane and other New Yorkers (who had assisted a few months before in proclaiming Allen an outlaw) as soon as the capture of Ticonderoga had made him the hero of the hour. Depositions and other documents in the _Doc. Hist. N. Y._, iv., touch the riotous proceedings of Allen, which had caused a price to be set on his head by the New York authorities. Cf. also Jones, _N. Y. during the Rev._, i. note xx.

[631] Cf. also Schuyler's letters in Sparks's _Correspondence of the Amer. Revolution_ and Lossing's _Life of Schuyler_, i. 310. Lossing also deals with the subject in his _Field-Book of the Revolution_, and in _Harper's Monthly_, vol. xvii. p. 721. Chas. Carroll (_Journal to Canada_, 1876, p. 75) describes the ruinous condition of Ticonderoga a year later. Reference may be made to Sparks's _Gouverneur Morris_ (vol. i. ch. 4), and to the general historians: Bancroft (orig. ed., vii. 338); Gay's _Pop. Hist. U. S._ (iii. ch. 17); Irving's _Washington_ (i. 404); and local histories, like Watson's _Essex County_ (ch. 9); Palmer's _Lake Champlain_; Holden's _Queensbury_ (p. 405); Bourne's _Wells and Kennebunk, Me._; Van Rensselaer's _Essays_; Poole's _Index_, etc. A letter of Joseph Warren congratulating Connecticut on the event is in Frothingham's _Warren_, p. 490. Another letter of Joseph Warren (Watertown, May 17, 1775) to John Scollay, being captured by Gage, gave the British general the first intimation of the fall of Ticonderoga (_Sparks, MSS._, xxxii.). Governor Franklin communicates a diary at Ticonderoga, May 11-19, to Dartmouth (_N. Jersey Archives_, x. 608). Respecting the condition of Ticonderoga after the capture, see Eliphalet Dyer's letter, May 31, 1775, in _Hist. Mag._, vii. 22; and the letters of Governor Trumbull and the Connecticut committee to the New Hampshire authorities, in the _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 489-501.

[632] Sparks caused copies to be made of some of the most important parts, which are in the _Sparks MSS._, no. lx.

[633] The orderly-book of Sergeant Aaron Barlow, under Montgomery, June 2 to Dec. 6, 1775, was preserved in 1848, when a copy was made for the New York Historical Society (_Proc._, 1849, p. 279).

[634] Dawson, i. p. 116, who points out some errors in Leake's _Life of Lamb_ (p. 374), or _4 American Archives_, iii. p. 1343. Cf. Lossing's _Schuyler_, i. 444; Sargent's _Major André_, p. 79; Alex. Scammel's letter in _Hist. Mag._, xviii. 136; accounts in Gen. John Lacy's papers in the N. Y. State Library; Samuel Mott's letters in the _Trumbull Papers_ (iv. p. 174); and others of Timothy Bedel in _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 637, 670. There are in the Archives at Ottawa a Mémoire of Amable Berthelot, of Quebec, on the war of 1775; a journal at Three Rivers, May 18, 1775, etc.; and a journal of the siege of St. John, 1775 (Brymner's _Report on the Canadian Archives_, 1881, p. 46). These are printed in Verreau's _Invasion du Canada_ (Montreal, 1873). Carroll (_Journal to Canada_, 1876, p. 89), describing the works at St. John, says they were not injured by Montgomery's siege of them. There is a view of the works in Lossing's _Field-Book_, i. 172.

[635] Dawson, i. p. 115, etc.

[636] Sparks's _Corresp. of the Rev._, i. 477. Montgomery's letter to the inhabitants is given in fac-simile in _4 Force's Archives_, iii. 1596, and his demand for its surrender, _Ibid._, v. 312. The articles of capitulation were printed in broadside. Sabin, xii. p. 314. Copies of Montgomery's letters are in the _Sparks MSS._ (lii. vol. ii.). Lareau, _Littérature Canadienne_, p. 240, says that L'Abbé Perrault intended a book, _Le Siège de Montreal en 1775_. See various documents in Verreau's _Invasion du Canada_.

[637] Dennie's _Portfolio_, xx. 75. A paper by Louise L. Hunt in _Harper's Monthly_, vol. lxx. (Feb., 1885), in which the story of the preservation of Montgomery's sword is told. Cf. _Living Age_, no. 1,017, p. 428; _Biog. Notes concerning Richard Montgomery_, by L. L. Hunt (1876); _A Sketch of Montgomery_ (1876), by General Geo. W. Cullum, and an article by him in the _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, April, 1884, with interesting illustrations, including (p. 277) a view of Montgomery Place, on the Hudson, which was building at the time of his death, and was afterwards the home of his widow. There are other views of this well-known estate in Lamb's Homes of America, _Harper's Mag._, lxx. 354, etc. General Cullum's paper has also a fac-simile of a letter sent by Montgomery to Colonel Bedel, Oct. 2, 1775. For the ancestry of Montgomery, see _N. Y. Geneal. and Biog. Record_, July, 1871, p. 123. The memory of Montgomery suffered for a long time in Canada from the belief that he was the officer of that name who was charged with atrocities during the siege of Quebec in 1759 (_Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Trans._, 1870-71, p. 63).

On his death and burial, see, beside the usual accounts, a paper among the Belknap papers in Mass. Hist. Soc. library (_Proc._, x. 323), called "A true account of Gen. Montgomery's death and burial at Quebec" (cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, i. p. 111), _Life of Geo. Read_, p. 140; Hilliard d'Auberteuil's _Essais_, with a stately picture of his funeral; _Niles's Register_, xiv. 371; Sparks's _Washington_, iii. 264, on the identification and burial of his remains; a picture of the house to which his body was carried in Grant's _Picturesque Canada_ (Toronto, 1882, vol. i. p. 28); the final removal of his remains to New York, when his widow, forty-three years after his death, watched the barge which bore them as it slowly floated down the Hudson in front of Montgomery Place (Dennie's _Portfolio_, xxi. 134; _Harper's Mag._, lxx. 357; _Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Trans._, 1870-71, p. 63; Dr. W. J. Anderson's paper was reprinted in _Hist. Mag._, xiii. 97); and a paper on the hundredth anniversary of his death in the _New Dominion Monthly_ (Montreal), xvii. 397.

The tributes of Congress to Montgomery are recorded in the _Journals of Congress_, i. 247. Public services took place before that body Feb. 19, 1776, when an address was delivered which was published as _An Oration in Memory of General Montgomery, and of the Officers and Soldiers who fell with him, December 31, 1775, before Quebec; drawn up (and delivered February 19th, 1776). At the Desire of the Honorable Continental Congress. By William Smith, D. D., Provost of the College and Academy of Philadelphia_ (Phila., 1776) It was reprinted in Norwich, Conn., and in London twice in the same year.

Franklin was commissioned to procure in France a monument to Montgomery's memory. One was finally erected in Trinity Church in New York (_Mag. of Amer. Hist._, April, 1884, p. 297; _Harper's Mag._, Nov., 1876, p. 876; _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, iii. 473).

Of some interest are a contemporary tragedy by H. H. Brackenridge, _The Death of Montgomery_ (Norwich and Providence), with an engraving of the death scene by Norman (Sabin, ii. no. 7,185; _Sparks' Catal._, no. 337); and Thomas Paine's _A Dialogue between the ghost of general Montgomery just arrived from the Elysian fields; and an American delegate, in a wood near Philadelphia_. [_Anon._] [Phila.], 1776. N. Y.; privately reprinted, 100 copies, 1865.

[638] Printed in the _Maine Hist. Soc. Coll._ (i. 343), at Portland, in 1831; Sabin, xii. 50,221. Cf. _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1881, p. 117, for an account of the Montresors, father and son, and G. D. Scull's _Mem. and letters of Capt. W. G. Evelyn_ (1879), enlarged as _The Evelyns in America_ (1881). Cf. also _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, Jan., 1882, p. 104.

[639] _Catal. of King's Maps_, Brit. Mus., i. 608. Cf. also the _Map of New Hampshire_, by Col. Joseph Blanchard and Rev. Samuel Langdon, engraved in Jefferys, dated Oct. 21, 1761.

[640] Lossing's _Field-Book_, i. 193.

[641] _Lives of Arnold_, by Sparks (ch. 3 and 4) and Isaac N. Arnold (ch. 3); Irving's _Washington_ (ii. ch. 5 and 8); Graham's _Morgan_ (ch. 4); Lossing's _Schuyler_ (i. ch. 26); B. Cowell's _Spirit of Seventy-Six in Rhode Island_; North's _Hist. of Augusta_; Gay's _Pop. Hist. U. S._, iii. 441; a paper by William Howard Mills, describing the route, in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._ (Feb., 1885), xiii. 143; and William Allen's "Account of Arnold's Expedition" in the _Maine Hist. Soc. Coll._, vol. i. p. 387, derived mainly from the journals of Meigs and Henry.

The conduct of Enos in deserting Arnold has been extenuated in _General Roger Enos—a lost Chapter of Arnold's Expedition to Canada, 1775_, by Horace Edwin Hayden (1885), reprinted from _Mag. of Amer. Hist._ (May, 1885). The papers of the court-martial which acquitted Enos are in the State Department at Washington, and have been printed by Force and Allen, and also in Henry's _Journal_ (ed. of 1877), p. 59.

[642] Described by G. T. Packard in the _N. Y. Independent_, 1881. Cf. _Good Literature_, 1881, p. 239.

[643] Dawson (i. 118) also gives his Quebec despatch of Dec. 31, 1775. Sparks preserved copies of various of Arnold's letters in the _Sparks MSS._ (lii. vol. ii.); and in _Ibid._ (no. lvii. 10) are letters of Arnold on his early trading visits to Quebec, when he acquired a knowledge of the region.

[644] _Journal of the march of a party of Provincials from Carlyle to Boston and from thence to Quebec, begun the 13th of July and ended the 31st of Dec., 1775. To which is added an account of the Attack and Engagement at Quebec, the 31st of Dec., 1775_ (Glasgow, 1775, pp. 36). It is, says Sabin (ix. no. 36,728), the journal of a company of riflemen under Captains William Hendricks and John Chambers, and it was sent from Quebec to Glasgow by a gentleman who appended the "account."

Henry Dearborn's is in the Boston Public Library, and is called _Journal of the proceedings, and particular occurrences, which happened, within my knowledge, to the troops under the command of Benedict Arnold, in 1775, which troops were detached from the American army lying before Boston for the purpose of marching to, and taking possession of Quebec_. [_From Sept. 10th, 1775, to July 16th, 1776._] It has been printed by Mellen Chamberlain in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, April, 1886, and separately.

_Caleb Haskell's diary, May 5, 1775, to May 30, 1776,—a revolutionary soldier's record before Boston and with Arnold's expedition_ (Newburyport, 1881, 8vo, pp. 23). It is edited by L. Withington. Haskell belonged to Ward's company.

John Joseph Henry's _Accurate and interesting account of the hardships and sufferings of that band of heroes, who traversed the wilderness in the Campaign against Quebec in 1775_ (Lancaster, Pa., 1812). _Campaign against Quebec, being an accurate_, etc. (Watertown, N. Y., 1844). _Account of Arnold's Campaign against Quebec, and of the hardships, etc._ (Albany, 1877). This last edition has a memoir of Judge Henry by his grandson, Aubrey H. Smith. (Cf. Brinley, ii. no. 4,026; Murphy, no. 1,192.) Mr. Smith says that the _Account_ was dictated by Henry to his daughter in his latest years, with the aid of casual notes and memoranda, and was published without any revision and proper press-reading. (Cf. Sabin, viii. 31,400-1.)

Lieut. William Heth's journal is referred to in Marshall's _Washington_, i. pp. 53, 57, and is still preserved in Richmond, Va.

A journal of Sergeant McCoy, of Hendricks's company, is referred to by Henry in his _Account_.

Major Return J. Meigs's _Journal of the expedition against Quebec under Col. Benedict Arnold in the year 1775_. (Cf. Almon's _Remembrancer_, Part ii., 1776, p. 294.) This is in vol. i. of Chas. I. Bushnell's _Crumbs for Antiquarians_ (New York, 1859). This series is recorded in Sabin, iii. no. 9,538; _Boon Catal._, p. 591. The journal is also in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, xii., and notices of Meigs are in Jones's _N. Y. during the Rev. War_, i. 180, 668, and in the _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, April, 1880, iv. 283 (with a portrait taken in his later years), by H. P. Johnston. There is also a life of Meigs in John W. Campbell's _Biographical Sketches_ (Columbus, O., 1838). There appeared at Cincinnati in 1852 _Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the early Pioneer settlers of Ohio, with narratives of incidents and occurrences in 1775, by S. P. Hildreth, M. D., to which is annexed a journal of occurrences which happened in the circles of the author's personal observation in the detachment commanded by Colonel Benedict Arnold, consisting of two battalions of the United States Army at Cambridge in 1775. By Colonel R. J. Meigs._ The Meigs journal thus called for in the title was never included in the book (Field, _Ind. Bibliog._; Thomson's _Bibliog. of Ohio_, no. 551).

J. Melvin's _Journal of the Expedition to Quebec in the year 1775, under the command of Col. B. Arnold_. In the "Publications of The Club", New York, 1857 (100 copies). The introduction is signed with the initials of William J. Davis. The Club was a preliminary organization which became the Bradford Club. The journal was also printed in a small edition by the Franklin Club, in Philadelphia, in 1864 (Alofsen, _Catalogue_, nos. 12, 13). Melvin was attached to Dearborn's company.

John Peirce's journal of daily occurrences, Sept. 8, 1775, to Jan. 16, 1776, is that of an engineer with the pioneers. It is defective at the beginning and end, and has not been printed. Stone refers to it.

_Journal of Isaac Senter, Physician and Surgeon to the Troops on a Secret Expedition against Quebec, under command of Col. Benedict Arnold, in Sept., 1775_ (Phila., 1846). This journal, which begins at Cambridge, Sept. 13, 1775, and ends at Quebec Jan. 6, 1776, made part of the _Bulletin_, vol. i., of the Penna. Hist. Society. There is an account of Senter, with extracts from his journal, in Stone's _Invasion of Canada in 1775_, p. 65.

The Diary of Ephraim Squier, Sept. 7 to Nov. 25, 1775, preserved in the Pension Office in Washington, is printed in the _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, ii. 685.

Capt. John Topham's Journal of the expedition to Quebec through the wilderness of Maine in Sept., Oct., and Nov., 1775. Stone reports it as being in the hands of David King, of Newport, as not published, and not being legible before the date of Oct. 6th.

_Invasion of Canada in 1775, including the Journal of Cap. Simeon Thayer, describing the Perils and Sufferings of the Army under Col. B. Arnold. With Notes and Appendix, by E. M. Stone_ (Providence, 1867). This has a bibliography, and made part of the _R. I. Hist. Soc. Coll._, vol. vi.

_Journal of an Expedition against Quebec in 1775, under Col. Benedict Arnold, by Joseph Ware, of Needham, Mass. Published by Joseph Ware, grandson of the journalist_ (Boston, 1852). The journal begins Sept. 13, 1775. The writer was taken prisoner during the attack of Dec. 31st, and his journal ends on a cartel at sea, Sept. 6, 1776. The notes are by Justin Winsor, and the journal was first printed in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, April, 1852. A question has been raised as to Ware's authorship of this journal (Whitmore's _Amer. Genealogist_, p. 84).

There is in Harvard College library a copy of the MS. journal of Ebenezer Wild, beginning at Cambridge Sept. 13th, and ending at Quebec, while he was a prisoner, June 6, 1776. It was printed by Justin Winsor with a note on similar records, in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, April, 1886, and separately (75 copies).

Of Christian Febiger, the adjutant of the expedition, a Dane, but resident in Massachusetts, there is an account and portrait in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, March, 1881.

An orderly-book of the expedition, Nov. 8, 1775, to Feb. 26, 1776, is in the Pension bureau of the War Department at Washington. There is in the _Sparks MSS._ (lii. vol. ii. p. 25) a list of officers and volunteers on the expedition and at Quebec, furnished to Sparks at New York, Feb., 1831, by Col. Samuel Ward, of whom a letter describing his experiences on the march is also preserved (_Sparks MSS._, no. xxv.). There are in the _Mass. Archives: Revolutionary Rolls_, vol. xxviii., lists of officers of the reinforcements for Ticonderoga and Canada, and in a separate volume a list of soldiers under Colonel Arnold, and of the killed, wounded, and prisoners at Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. (Cf. list in _Ware's Journal_.) The N. Y. Continental line (four regiments and one artillery company) was organized, under a vote of the N. Y. provincial congress, June 28, 1775, and served on this campaign. Capt. John Lamb's artillery company left New York with seventy enlisted men, and (March 30, 1776) were reduced to thirty-one rank and file. The term of service of the N. Y. line expired in April, 1776; but a large part reënlisted (Asa Bird Gardiner in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, Dec., 1881). The service of New Hampshire is shown in the _N. H. Rev. Rolls_, i. pp. 209, 311, 339, etc. Cf. _Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Trans._, 1871-73, 1876-77; _Potter's Amer. Monthly_, Dec., 1875.

[645] Wooster's share in the campaign was not a happy one. "His defect was his age", says C. F. Adams. "Few of the brave officers in the French war sustained their reputation in the revolutionary struggle" (_Life and Works of John Adams_, iii. 44). Lossing's _Schuyler_ and Hollister's _Connecticut_ have somewhat opposing sympathies respecting Wooster's character. Cf. much in _4 Force's Archives_, iv., v., vi., and _5 Ibid._, i. The opinion upon Wooster of the Commissioners to Congress is shown in their letter of May 27th (_Force's Archives_, vi. 589). There is a letter of Wooster from Montreal, Feb. 11, 1776, addressed to Roger Sherman, in _Letters and Papers_, 1761-1776 (MSS. in Mass. Hist. Soc., p. 167). In this he speaks of his disagreements with Schuyler, and says that his persuasion had prevented Montgomery from resigning.

[646] Sparks's _Corresp., etc._, vol. i. 116, 154, and App. (Dec. 31, 1775; Jan. [1776] 2, 11, 12, 24; Feb. 1, 27; April 20, 30; May 8, 15; June, etc.). Arnold's letter of Dec. 31 in the _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 719. Cf. Lossing on Arnold in _Harper's Monthly_, xxiii. 721.

[647] AMERICAN.—Report, Jan. 24th, to Congress, in _Secret Journal_, i. 38.

Letters from Point-aux-Trembles in App. of Henry's _Journal_ (ed. of 1877).

Donald Campbell's despatch to Wooster, Dec. 31, 1775, in Dawson, i. 116; and in _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 718.

Letters of Wooster to Schuyler and Warner (Jan. 5th and 6th), and Schuyler to Washington (Jan. 13th), in _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vii. 720-22. Cf. _Sparks MSS._, lviii. 12.

Lieut. Eben Elmer's diary of the Canada expedition in _N. Jersey Hist. Soc. Proc._, ii. and iii.

General Irvine's diary, beginning May, 1775, in _Hist. Mag._, April, 1862.

The journal of Col. Rudolphus Ritzema, first N. Y. regiment, Aug. 8, 1775, to March 30, 1776, now in the N. Y. Hist. Soc., and printed in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._ (Feb., 1877), i. p. 98. Under date (Montreal) of Jan. 3, 1776, he gives an account of the failure at Quebec, news of which had just reached there by Mr. Antell, an express (from N. Y. Archives in _Sparks MSS._, xxix.).

_Journal of the Rev. Ammi Ruhamah Robbins, chaplain in the American army, in the northern campaign of 1776_ (New Haven, 1850).

_The Shurtleff manuscript, No. 153. Being a narrative of certain events in Canada during the invasion by the American army, in 1775, by Mrs. Thomas Walker, with notes and introd. by Silas Ketchum_ (Contoocook, 1876), making part no. 2 of the _Collections of the N. H. Antiquarian Soc._

Some of the diaries noted under the Kennebec expedition cover the attack on Quebec. Cf. Moore's _Diary of the Rev._, i. 185. A letter of Samuel Ward, Philad., Jan. 21, 1776, gives the news as it reached Congress (_Sparks MSS._, xxv.; cf. _N. H. Prov. Papers_, viii. 49).

A letter of Samuel Hodgkinson, before Quebec (April 27, 1776), is in the _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, July, 1886, p. 158.

Wilkinson joined the army in May, 1776, and his _Memoirs_ (i. p. 39) has accordingly a personal interest.

The _Memoirs of Charles Dennis Rusoe d'Eres, a native of Canada_ (Exeter, 1800), begins with the attack on Quebec.

More or less of reference to original sources is made in the lives of Washington by Marshall (i. 329) and Irving (ii. ch. 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 20, 22, 23); Lossing's _Schuyler_ (i. ch. 28, 29); Leake's _Lamb_ (ch. 7 and 8); Read's _Geo. Read_ (i. 141); and the lives of Montgomery and Arnold already referred to. Intercepted letters from Arnold to Montgomery and Washington are in the _Haldimand Papers_.

Daniel Morgan, the commander of the Virginia riflemen, was a conspicuous actor in the attack. Rebecca McConkey, in her _Hero of Cowpens_ (New York, 1881), claims that Morgan deserves the credit which Arnold usually receives. A description by Morgan of his part in the attack is among some papers gathered by Sparks for a life of Morgan (_Sparks MSS._, lii. vol. ii. p. 99), and this same autobiographic letter is printed at greater length in the _Hist. Mag._, xix. 379, as from the _Pittsburgh Gazette_ of July 10, 1818, where it is said to have been found among some papers once belonging to Gen. Henry Lee, and is supposed to have been addressed to Lee by Morgan about 1800, two years before Morgan died. The copy made by Sparks is given as from a paper then (1831) in the possession of General Armstrong. Cf. Graham's _Life of Morgan_ (ch. 5); Dennie's _Portfolio_, viii. p. 101; _Southern Lit. Messenger_, xx. p. 559.

The principal general accounts on the American side are in Bancroft (viii. ch. 52-54, or final revision, iv. ch. 19 and 24); Ramsay's _Amer. Rev._; Hollister's _Connecticut_ (ii. ch. 9); Dawson's _Battles_ (ch. 7); Carrington's _Battles_ (ch. 20, 21); Gay's _Pop. Hist. U. S._, ix. 133; Dennie's _Portfolio_, ix. 133.

Sullivan rehearses the news as it reached the Cambridge camp (_N. H. Prov. Papers_, viii. 36). There are in the _Aspinwall Papers_ (ii. 772) various items of intelligence respecting "the defeat of the rebels" in Canada, gathered in New York in Feb., 1776.

BRITISH.—Carleton's despatch to Howe (Dawson, 118; also see _Gent. Mag._, June, 1776). The letters which passed from Dartmouth to Carleton, Dec. 10, 1774 to Sept. 9, 1777, are noted in the Chalmers MSS. (Thorpe's _Supplement_, 1843, no. 622). Other papers are in the Haldimand Papers (Brit. Mus.), of which a calendar has been printed (p. 207) by the Dominion archivist at Ottawa. The volumes in the Public Record Office, London, marked "Quebec, xiv., xv., vols. 348, 349", cover this period.

Journal of the siege of Quebec, by Hugh Finlay, in _Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Docs._, 4th series. (The bibliography of this society is given in Sabin, xvi. no. 67,015, etc.)

Account of the siege, beginning Nov., 1775, dated on board sloop-of-war "Hunter", June 15, 1776, addressed by Col. Henry Caldwell to Gen. Jas. Murray, has been printed in the _Transactions_ of the Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc., and in _Hist. Mag._, xii. 97 (1867).

A _Journal of the Siege_, Dec. 1, 1775, to May 7, 1776, is noted in the Chalmers MSS. (Thorpe's _Supplement_, 1843, no. 623). This MS. is now in the _Sparks MSS._ (xlii. no. 1). Its earliest entry is really Dec. 5th. It gives a particular account of the share taken by the journalist in the defence of Dec. 31st, calling it "a glorious day for us, and as complete a little victory as was ever gained." The last entry is, in fact, May 9, 1776.

In Thorpe's _Supplement_ (no. 624) there is also noted a _Journal of the Siege, by Capt. Thomas Ainslee, written on the spot, Sept., 1775, to May 6, 1776_. This is also now in the _Sparks MSS._, i.