Chapter I: Of Letters. Corrections Respecting Capitals

UNDER RULE I.--OF BOOKS.

"Many a reader of the _Bible_ knows not who wrote the _Acts_ of the _Apostles_"--G. B. "The sons of Levi, the chief of the fathers, were written in the book of the _Chronicles_."--ALGER'S BIBLE: _Neh._, xii, 23. "Are they not written in the book of the _Acts_ of Solomon?"--FRIENDS' BIBLE: I _Kings_, xi, 41. "Are they not written in the book of the Chronicles of the _Kings_ of Israel?"--ALGER CORRECTED: I _Kings_, xxii, 39. "Are they not written in the book of the _Chronicles_ of the _Kings_ of Judah."--See ALGER: _ib., ver_. 45. "Which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the _Psalms_."--ALGER, ET AL.: _Luke_, xxiv, 44. "The narrative of which maybe seen in Josephus's History of the _Jewish War_"--_Dr. Scott cor._ [Obs.--The word in Josephus is "_War_," not "_Wars_."--_G. Brown._] "This _History of the Jewish War_ was Josephus's first work, and published about A. D. 75."--_Whiston cor._ "'I have read,' says Photius, 'the Chronology of Justus of Tiberias.'"--_Id._ "_A Philosophical Grammar_, written by James Harris, Esquire."--_Murray cor._ "The reader is referred to Stroud's _Sketch_ of the _Slave Laws_"--_A. S. Mag. cor._ "But God has so made the _Bible_ that it interprets itself."--_Idem_. "In 1562, with the help of Hopkins, he completed the _Psalter_."--_Gardiner cor._ "Gardiner says this of Sternhold; of whom the _Universal Biographical Dictionary_ and the American _Encyclopedia_ affirm, that he died in 1549."--_G. B._ "The title of a book, to wit: 'English Grammar in _Familiar Lectures_,'" &c.--_Kirkham cor._ "We had not, at that time, seen Mr. Kirkham's 'Grammar in _Familiar_ Lectures.'"--_Id._ "When you parse, you may spread the Compendium before you."--_Id. right_.[516] "Whenever you parse, you may spread the _Compendium_ before you."--_Id. cor._ "Adelung was the author of a _Grammatical_ and _Critical Dictionary_ of the German _Language_, and other works." _Biog. Dict. cor._ "Alley, William, author of '_The Poor Man's Library_,' and a translation of the Pentateuch, died in 1570."--_Id._

UNDER RULE II.--OF FIRST WORDS.

"Depart instantly;"--"_Improve_ your time;"--"_Forgive_ us our sins."--_Murray corrected_. EXAMPLES:--"Gold is corrupting;"--"_The_ sea is green;"--"_A_ lion is bold."--_Mur. et al. cor._ Again: "It may rain;"--"_He_ may go or stay;"--"_He_ would walk;;"--"_They_ should learn."--_Iidem_. Again: "Oh! I have alienated my friend;"--"_Alas_! I fear for life."--_Iidem._ See _Alger's Gram._, p. 50. Again: "He went from London to York;"--"_She_ is above disguise;" "_They_ are supported by industry."--_Iidem_. "On the foregoing examples, I have a word to say. _They_ are better than a fair specimen of their kind. _Our_ grammars abound with worse illustrations. _Their_ models of English are generally spurious quotations. _Few_ of their proof-texts have any just parentage. _Goose-eyes_ are abundant, but names scarce. _Who_ fathers the foundlings? _Nobody. Then_ let their merit be nobody's, and their defects his who could write no better."--_Author_. "_Goose-eyes_!" says a bright boy; "pray, what are they? _Does_ this Mr. Author make new words when he pleases? _Dead-eyes_ are in a ship. _They_ are blocks, with holes in them. _But_ what are goose-eyes in grammar?" ANSWER: "_Goose-eyes_ are quotation points. _Some_ of the Germans gave them this name, making a jest of their form. _The_ French call them _guillemets_, from the name of their inventor."--_Author_. "_It_ is a personal pronoun, of the third person singular."--_Comly cor._ "_Ourselves_ is a personal pronoun, of the first person plural."--_Id._ "_Thee_ is a personal pronoun, of the second person singular."--_Id._ "_Contentment_ is a _common noun_, of the third person singular."--_Id._ "_Were_ is a neuter verb, of the indicative mood, imperfect tense."--_Id._

UNDER RULE III.--OF DEITY.

"O thou _Dispenser_ of life! thy mercies are boundless."--_Allen cor._ "Shall not the _Judge_ of all the earth do right?"--ALGER, FRIENDS, ET AL.: _Gen._, xviii, 25. "And the _Spirit of God_ moved upon the face of the waters."--SCOTT, ALGER, FRIENDS, ET AL.: _Gen._, i, 2. "It is the gift of _Him_, who is the great _Author_ of good, and the Father of mercies."--_Murray cor._ "This is thy _God_ that brought thee up out of Egypt."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Neh._, ix, 18. "For the LORD is our defence; and the _Holy One_ of Israel is our _King_."--_Psal._. lxxxix, 18. "By making him the responsible steward of _Heaven's_ bounties."--_A. S. Mag. cor._ "Which the Lord, the righteous _Judge_, shall give me at that day."--ALGER: _2 Tim._, iv, 8. "The cries of them ... entered into the ears of the Lord of _Sabaoth_."--ALGER, FRIENDS: _James_, v, 4. "In Horeb, the _Deity_ revealed himself to Moses, as the _Eternal_ 'I AM,' the _Self-existent One_; and, after the first discouraging interview of his messengers with Pharaoh, he renewed his promise to them, by the awful name, JEHOVAH--a name till then unknown, and one which the Jews always held it a fearful profanation to pronounce."--_G. Brown_. "And _God_ spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD: and I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of _God Almighty_; but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them."--SCOTT, ALGER, FRIENDS: _Exod._, vi, 2. "Thus saith the LORD[517] the _King_ of Israel, and his _Redeemer_ the LORD of hosts; I am the _First_, and I am the _Last_; and besides me there is no _God_."--See _Isa._, xliv, 6.

"His impious race their blasphemy renew'd,
And nature's _King_, through nature's optics view'd."--_Dryden cor._

UNDER RULE IV.--OF PROPER NAMES.

"Islamism prescribes fasting during the month _Ramadan_."--_Balbi cor._ "Near _Mecca_, in _Arabia_, is _Jebel Nor_, or the _Mountain of Light_, on the top of which the _Mussulmans_ erected a mosque, that they might perform their devotions where, according to their belief, _Mohammed_ received from the angel _Gabriel_ the first chapter of the Koran."--_G. Brown_. "In the _Kaaba_ at _Mecca_ there is a celebrated block of volcanic basalt, which the _Mohammedans_ venerate as the gift of _Gabriel_ to _Abraham_, but their ancestors once held it to be an image of _Remphan_, or _Saturn_; so 'the image which fell down from _Jupiter_,' to share with _Diana_ the homage of the _Ephesians_, was probably nothing more than a meteoric stone."--_Id._ "When the _Lycaonians_ at _Lystra_ took _Paul_ and _Barnabas_ to be gods, they called the former _Mercury_, on account of his eloquence, and the latter _Jupiter_, for the greater dignity of his appearance."--_Id._ "Of the writings of the apostolic fathers of the first century, but few have come down to us; yet we have in those of _Barnabas, Clement_ of _Rome, Hermas, Ignatius_, and _Polycarp_, very certain evidence of the authenticity of the New Testament, and the New Testament is a voucher for the Old."--_Id._ "It is said by _Tatian_, that _Theagenes_ of _Rhegium_, in the time of _Cambyses, Stesimbrotus_ the _Thracian, Antimachus_ the _Colophonian, Herodotus_ of _Halicarnassus, Dionysius_ the _Olynthian, Ephorus_ of _Cumæ, Philochorus_ the _Athenian, Metaclides_ and _Chamæleon_ the _Peripatetics_, and _Zenodotus, Aristophanes, Callimachus, Crates, Eratosthenes, Aristarchus_, and _Apollodorus_, the grammarians, all wrote concerning the poetry, the birth, and the age of _Homer_."--See _Coleridge's Introd._, p. 57. "Yet, for aught that now appears, the life of _Homer_ is as fabulous as that of _Hercules_; and some have even suspected, that, as the son of _Jupiter_ and _Alcmena_ has fathered the deeds of forty other _Herculeses_, so this unfathered son of _Critheis, Themisto_, or whatever dame--this _Melesigenes, Mæonides, Homer_--the blind schoolmaster, and poet, of _Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Salamis, Rhodes, Argos, Athens_, or whatever place--has, by the help of _Lycurgus, Solon, Pisistratus_, and other learned ancients, been made up of many poets or _Homers_, and set so far aloft and aloof on old _Parnassus_, as to become a god in the eyes of all _Greece_, a wonder in those of all _Christendom_."--_G. Brown_.

"Why so sagacious in your guesses?
Your _Effs_, and _Tees_, and _Ars_, and _Esses_?"--_Swift corrected_.

UNDER RULE V.--OF TITLES.

"The king has conferred on him the title of _Duke_."--_Murray cor._ "At the court of _Queen_ Elizabeth."--_Priestley's E. Gram._, p. 99; see _Bullions's_, p. 24. "The laws of nature are, truly, what _Lord_ Bacon styles his aphorisms, laws of laws."--_Murray cor._ "Sixtus the Fourth was, if I mistake not, a great collector of books."--_Id._ "Who at that time made up the court of _King_ Charles the _Second_"--_Id._ "In case of his _Majesty's_ dying without issue."--_Kirkham cor._ "King Charles the _First_ was beheaded in 1649."--_W. Allen cor._ "He can no more impart, or (to use _Lord_ Bacon's word) _transmit_ convictions."--_Kirkham cor._ "I reside at _Lord_ Stormont's, my old patron and benefactor." Better: "I reside _with Lord Stormont_, my old patron and benefactor."--_Murray cor._ "We staid a month at _Lord Lyttelton's_, the ornament of his country." Much better: "We stayed a month at _the seat of Lord Lyttelton, who is_ the ornament of his country."--_Id._ "Whose prerogative is it? It is the _King_-of-Great- Britain's;" [518]--"That is the _Duke_-of-Bridgewater's canal;"--"The _Bishop_-of-Landaff's excellent book;"--"The Lord _Mayor_-of-London's authority."--_Id._ (See Murray's Note 4th on his Rule 10th.) "Why call ye me, _Lord, Lord_, and do not the things which I say?"--_Luke_, vi, 46. "And of them he chose twelve, whom also he named _Apostles_."--ALGER, FRIENDS, ET AL.: _Luke_, vi, 13. "And forthwith he came to Jesus, and said, Hail, _Master_; and kissed him."--_Matt._, xxvi, 49. "And he said, Nay, _Father_ Abraham: but if one went unto them from the dead, they _would_ repent."--_Bible cor._

UNDER RULE VI.--OF ONE CAPITAL.

"_Fallriver_, a village in Massachusetts, population (in 1830) 3,431."--_Williams cor._ "Dr. Anderson died at _Westham_, in Essex, in 1808."--_Biog. Dict. cor._ "_Madriver_, the name of two towns in Clark and Champaign counties, Ohio."--_Williams cor._ "_Whitecreek_, a town of Washington county, New York."--_Id._ "_Saltcreek_, the name of four towns in different parts of Ohio."--_Id._ "_Saltlick_, a town of Fayette county, Pennsylvania."--_Id._ "_Yellowcreek_, a town of Columbiana county, Ohio."--_Id._ "_Whiteclay_, a hundred of _Newcastle_ county, Delaware."-- _Id._ "Newcastle, _a_ town and _half-shire_ of Newcastle county, Delaware."--_Id._ "_Singsing_, a village of _Westchester_ county, New York, situated in the town of _Mountpleasant_."--_Id._ "_Westchester_, a county of New York: _East Chester and West Chester are towns_ in Westchester county."--_Id._ "_Westtown_, a village of Orange county, New York."--_Id._ "_Whitewater_, a town of Hamilton county, Ohio."--_Worcester's Gaz._ "_Whitewater_ River, a considerable stream that rises in Indiana, and flowing southeasterly unites with the Miami in Ohio."--See _ib._ "_Blackwater_, a village of Hampshire, in England, and a town in Ireland."--See _ib._ "_Blackwater_, the name of seven different rivers, in England, Ireland, and the United States."--See _ib._ "_Redhook_, a town of Dutchess county, New York, on the Hudson."--_Williams cor._ "Kinderhook, a town of Columbia county, New York, on the Hudson."--_Williams right_. "_Newfane_, a town of Niagara county, New York."--_Williams cor._ "_Lakeport_, a town of Chicot county, Arkansas."--_Id._ "_Moosehead_ Lake, the chief source of the Kennebeck, in Maine."--_Id._ (See _Worcester's Gaz._) "Macdonough, a county of Illinois, population (in 1830) 2,959."--_Williams's Univ. Gaz._, p 408. "_Macdonough_, a county of Illinois, with a _court-house_ at Macomb."--_Williams cor._ "_Halfmoon_, the name of two towns in New York and Pennsylvania; also of two bays in the West Indies."--_S. Williams's Univ. Gaz._ "_Leboeuf_, a town of Erie county, Pennsylvania, near a small lake of the same name."--See _ib._ "_Charlescity, Jamescity, Eiizabethcity_, names of counties in Virginia, not cities, nor towns."--See _Univ. Gaz._, p. 404.[519] "The superior qualities of the waters of the Frome, here called _Stroudwater_."--_Balbi cor._

UNDER RULE VII.--OF TWO CAPITALS.

"The Forth rises on the north side of _Ben Lomond_, and runs easterly."--_Glasgow Geog._, 8vo, _corrected_. "The red granite of _Ben Nevis_ is said to be the finest in the world."--_Id._ "_Ben More_, in Perthshire, is 3,915 feet above the level of the sea."--_Id._ "The height of _Ben Cleagh_ is 2,420 feet."--_Id._ "In Sutherland and Caithness, are Ben Ormod, Ben Clibeg, Ben Grin, Ben Hope, and Ben Lugal."--_Glas. Geog. right_. "_Ben Vracky_ is 2,756 feet high; _Ben Ledi_, 3,009; and _Ben Voirloich_, 3,300."--_Glas. Geog. cor._ "The river Dochart gives the name of _Glen Dochart_ to the vale through which it runs."--_Id._ "About ten miles from its source, it [the Tay] diffuses itself into _Loch Dochart_."--_Glasgow Geog._, Vol. ii, p. 314. LAKES:--"_Loch Ard_, Loch Achray, Loch Con, Loch Doine, Loch Katrine, Loch Lomond, Loch Voil."--_Scott corrected_. GLENS:--"_Glen Finlas_, Glen Fruin, Glen Luss, _Ross Dhu, Leven Glen_, Strath Endrick, Strath Gartney. Strath Ire."--_Id._ MOUNTAINS:--"_Ben An, Ben Harrow, Ben Ledi_, Ben Lomond, _Ben Voirlich, Ben Venue_, or, (as some spell it,) _Ben Ivenew_."--_Id._[520] "Fenelon died in 1715, deeply lamented by all the inhabitants of the _Low Countries_."--_Murray cor._ "And _Pharaoh Necho_[521] made Eliakim, the son of Josiah, king."--See ALGER: _2 Kings_, xiii, 34. "Those who seem so merry and well pleased, call her _Good Fortune_; but the others, who weep and wring their hands, _Bad Fortune_."--_Collier cor._

UNDER RULE VIII.--OF COMPOUNDS.

"When Joab returned, and smote Edom in the _Valley_ of _Salt_"--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Ps_. lx, title. "Then Paul stood in the midst of _Mars Hill_, and said," &c.--_Scott cor._ "And at night he went out, and abode in the mount that is called the _Mount_ of Olives."--_Bible cor._ "Abgillus, son of the king of the Frisii, surnamed Prester John, was in the Holy _Land_ with Charlemagne."--_U. Biog. Dict. cor._ "Cape Palmas, in Africa, divides the Grain _Coast_ from the Ivory _Coast_."--_Dict. of Geog. cor._ "The North Esk, flowing from Loch _Lee_, falls into the sea three miles north of Montrose."--_Id._ "At Queen's _Ferry_, the channel of the Forth is contracted by promontories on both coasts."--_Id._ "The Chestnut _Ridge_ is about twenty-five miles west of the Alleghanies, and Laurel _Ridge_, ten miles further west."--_Balbi cor._ "Washington _City_, the metropolis of the United States of America."--_Williams, U. Caz._, p. 380. "Washington _City_, in the District of Columbia, population (in 1830) 18,826."--_Williams cor._ "The loftiest peak of the _White Mountains_, in New Hampshire, is called _Mount_ Washington."--_G. Brown_. "Mount's _Bay_, in the west of England, lies between the _Land's End_ and _Lizard Point_."--_Id._ "Salamis, an island of the Egean Sea, off the southern coast of the ancient Attica."--_Dict. of Geog_. "Rhodes, an island of the Egean _Sea_, the largest and most easterly of the Cyclades."--_Id. cor._ "But he overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red _Sea_."--SCOTT: _Ps_. cxxxvi, 15. "But they provoked him at the sea, even at the Red _Sea_."--ALGER, FRIENDS: _Ps_. cvi, 7.

UNDER RULE IX.--OF APPOSITION.

"At that time, Herod the _tetrarch_ heard of the fame of Jesus."--SCOTT, FRIENDS, ET AL.: _Matt._, xiv, 1. "Who has been more detested than Judas the _traitor?_"--_G. Brown_. "St. Luke the _evangelist_ was a physician of Antioch, and one of the converts of St. Paul."--_Id._ "Luther, the _reformer_, began his bold career by preaching against papal indulgences."--_Id._ "The _poet_ Lydgate was a disciple and admirer of Chaucer: he died in 1440."--_Id._ "The _grammarian_ Varro, 'the most learned of the Romans,'[522] wrote three books when he was eighty years old."--_Id._ "John Despauter, the great _grammarian_ of Flanders, whose works are still valued, died in 1520."--_Id._ "Nero, the _emperor_ and _tyrant_ of Rome, slew himself to avoid a worse death."--_Id._ "Cicero the _orator_, 'the Father of his Country,' was assassinated at the age of 64."--_Id._ "Euripides, the Greek _tragedian_, was born in the _island_ of Salamis, B. C. 476."--_Id._ "I will say unto God my _rock_, Why hast thou forgotten me?"--ALGER, ET AL.: _Ps_. xlii, 9. "Staten Island, an island of New York, nine miles below New York _city_."--_Williams cor._ "When the son of Atreus, _king_ of _men_, and the noble Achilles first separated."--_Coleridge cor._

"Hermes, his _patron-god_, those gifts bestow'd,
Whose shrine with _weanling_ lambs he wont to load."--_Pope cor._

UNDER RULE X.--OF PERSONIFICATIONS.

"But _Wisdom_ is justified of all her children."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Luke_, vii, 35. "Fortune and the _Church_ are generally put in the feminine gender: that is, when personified." "Go to your _Natural Religion_; lay before her Mahomet and his disciples."--_Bp. Sherlock_. "O _Death!_ where is thy sting? O _Grave!_ where is thy victory."--_Pope_: _1 Cor._, xv, 55; _Merchant's Gram._, p. 172. "Ye cannot serve God and Mammon."--_Matt._, vi, 24. "Ye cannot serve God and _Mammon_"--See _Luke_, xvi, 13. "This house was built as if _Suspicion_ herself had dictated the plan."--_Rasselas_. "Poetry distinguishes herself from _Prose_, by yielding to a musical law."--_Music of Nature_, p. 501. "My beauteous deliverer thus uttered her divine instructions: 'My name is _Religion_. I am the offspring of _Truth_ and _Love_, and the parent of _Benevolence, Hope_, and _Joy_. That monster, from whose power I have freed you, is called _Superstition_: she is called the child of _Discontent_, and her followers are _Fear_ and _Sorrow_.'"--_E. Carter_. "Neither _Hope_ nor _Fear_ could enter the retreats; and _Habit_ had so absolute a power, that even _Conscience_, if _Religion_ had employed her in their favour, would not have been able to force an entrance."--_Dr. Johnson_.

"In colleges and halls in ancient days,
There dwelt a sage called _Discipline_."--_Cowper_.

UNDER RULE XI.--OF DERIVATIVES.

"In English, I would have _Gallicisms_ avoided."--_Felton_. "Sallust was born in Italy, 85 years before the _Christian_ era."--_Murray cor._; "Dr. Doddridge was not only a great man, but one of the most excellent and useful _Christians_, and _Christian_ ministers."--_Id._ "They corrupt their style with untutored _Anglicisms_"--_Milton_. "Albert of Stade, author of a chronicle from the creation to 1286, a _Benedictine_ of the 13th century."--_Biog. Dict. cor._ "Graffio, a _Jesuit_ of Capua in the 16th century, author of two volumes on moral subjects."--_Id._ "They _Frenchify_ and _Italianize_ words whenever they can."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 86. "He who sells a _Christian_, sells the grace of God."--_Mag. cor._ "The first persecution against the _Christians_, under Nero, began A. D. 64."--_Gregory cor._ "P. Rapin, the _Jesuit_, uniformly decides in favour of the Roman writers."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 248. "The Roman poet and _Epicurean_ philosopher Lucretius has said," &c.--_Cohen cor._ Spell _"Calvinistic, Atticism, Gothicism, Epicurism, Jesuitism, Sabianism, Socinianism, Anglican, Anglicism, Anglicize, Vandalism, Gallicism_, and _Romanize_."--_Webster cor._ "The large _Ternate_ bat."--_Id. and Bolles cor._

"Church-ladders are not always mounted best
By learned clerks, and _Latinists_ profess'd"--_Cowper cor._

UNDER RULE XII.--OF I AND O.

"Fall back, fall back; _I_ have not room:--_O!_ methinks _I_ see a couple whom _I_ should know."--_Lucian_. "Nay, _I_ live as _I_ did, _I_ think as _I_ did, _I_ love you as _I_ did; but all these are to no purpose; the world will not live, think, or love, as _I_ do."--_Swift to Pope_. "Whither, _O!_ whither shall _I_ fly? _O_ wretched prince! _O_ cruel reverse of fortune! _O_ father Micipsa! is this the consequence of thy generosity?"--_Tr. of Sallust._ "When _I_ was a child, _I_ spake as a child, _I_ understood as a child, _I_ thought as a child; but when _I_ became a man, _I_ put away childish things."--_1 Cor._, xiii, 11. "And _I_ heard, but _I_ understood not; then said _I, O_ my Lord, what shall be the end of these things?"--_Dan._, xii, 8. "Here am _I_; _I_ think _I_ am very good, and _I_ am quite sure _I_ am very happy, yet _I_ never wrote a treatise in my life."--_Few Days in Athens_, p. 127. "Singular, Vocative, _O master!_ Plural, Vocative, _O masters!_"--_Bicknell cor._

"I, _I_ am he; _O_ father! rise, behold
Thy son, with twenty winters now grown old!"
--_Pope's Odyssey_, B. 24, l. 375.

UNDER RULE XIII.--OF POETRY.

"Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense,
_Lie_ in three words--health, peace, and competence;
_But_ health consists with temperance alone,
_And_ peace, O Virtue! peace is all thy own."--_Pope._

"Observe the language well in all you write,
_And_ swerve not from it in your loftiest flight.
The smoothest verse and the exactest sense
_Displease_ us, if ill English give offence:
_A_ barbarous phrase no reader can approve;
_Nor_ bombast, noise, or affectation love.
In short, without pure language, what you write
_Can_ never yield us profit or delight.
Take time for thinking; never work in haste;
_And_ value not yourself for writing fast."--_Dryden._

UNDER RULE XIV.--OF EXAMPLES.

"The word _rather_ is very properly used to express a small degree or excess of a quality; as, '_She_ is _rather_ profuse in her expenses.'"--_Murray cor._ "_Neither_ imports _not either_; that is, not one nor the other: as, '_Neither_ of my friends was there.'"--_Id._ "When we say, '_He_ is a tall man,'--'_This_ is a fair day,' we make some reference to the ordinary size of men, and to different weather."--_Id._ "We more readily say, 'A million of men,' than, '_A_ thousand of men.'"--_Id._ "So in the instances, '_Two_ and two are four;'--'_The_ fifth and sixth volumes will complete the set of books.'"--_Id._ "The adjective may frequently either precede or follow the verb: as, '_The_ man is _happy_;' or, '_Happy_ is the man;'--'The interview was _delightful_;' or, '_Delightful_ was the interview.'"--_Id._ "If we say, '_He_ writes a pen;'--'_They_ ran the river;'--'_The_ tower fell the Greeks;'--'Lambeth is Westminster _Abbey_;'--[we speak absurdly;] and, it is evident, there is a vacancy which must be filled up by some connecting word: as thus, 'He writes _with_ a pen;'--'_They_ ran _towards_ the river;'--'_The_ tower fell _upon_ the Greeks;'--'Lambeth is _over against_ Westminster _Abbey_.'"--_Id._ "Let me repeat it;--_He_ only is great, who has the habits of greatness."--_Id._ "I say not unto thee, _Until_ seven times; but, _Until_ seventy times seven."--_Matt._, xviii, 22.

"The Panther smil'd at this; and, '_When_,' said she,
'Were those first councils disallow'd by me?'"--_Dryd. cor._

UNDER RULE XV.--OF CHIEF WORDS.

"The supreme council of the nation is called the _Divan_."--_Balbi cor._ "The British _Parliament_ is composed of _King, Lords_, and _Commons._"--_Comly's Gram._, p. 129; and _Jaudon's_, 127. "A popular orator in the House of Commons has a sort of patent for coining as many new terms as he pleases."--See _Campbell's Rhet._, p. 169; _Murray's Gram._, 364. "They may all be taken together, as one name; as, '_The House of Commons._'"--_Merchant cor._ "Intrusted to persons in whom the _Parliament_ could confide."--_Murray cor._ "For 'The _Lords' House_,' it were certainly better to say, '_The House of Lords_;' and, in stead of 'The _Commons'_ vote,' to say. 'The _vote_ of the _Commons._'"--_Id. and Priestley cor._ "The _House_ of _Lords_ were so much influenced by these reasons."--_Iidem._ "Rhetoricians commonly divide them into two great classes; _Figures_ of _Words_, and _Figures_ of _Thought_. The former, _Figures_ of _Words_, are commonly called _Tropes_."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 337. "Perhaps, _Figures_ of _Imagination_, and _Figures_ of _Passion_, might be a more useful distribution."--_Ib._ "Hitherto we have considered sentences, under the heads of _Perspicuity, Unity_, and _Strength_."--See _Murray's Gram._, p. 356.

"The word is then depos'd; and, in this view,
You rule the _Scripture_, not the _Scripture_ you."--_Dryd. cor._

UNDER RULE XVI.--OF NEEDLESS CAPITALS.

"Be of good cheer; _it_ is I; be not afraid."--FRIENDS' BIBLE, AND SCOTT'S: _Matt._, xiv, 27. "Between passion and lying, there is not a _finger's_ breadth."--_Mur. cor._ "Can our _solicitude_ alter the course, or unravel the intricacy, of human events?" "The last edition was carefully compared with the _original manuscript_."--_Id._ "And the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the _king_ of the Jews?"--SCOTT: _Matt._, xxvii, 11. "Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame, that say, Aha, _aha_!"--SCOTT ET AL.: _Ps._, lxx, 3. "Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame, that say unto me, Aha, aha!"--IIDEM: _Ps._, xl, 15. "What think ye of Christ? whose _son_ is he? They say unto him, The _son_ of David. He saith unto them, How then doth David in _spirit_ call him Lord?"--ALGER: _Matt._, xxii, 42, 43. "Among all _things_ in the _universe_, direct your _worship_ to the _greatest_. And which is that? _It_ is that Being _who manages_ and _governs_ all the rest."--_Collier's Antoninus cor._ "As for _modesty_ and _good faith, truth_ and _justice_, they have left this wicked _world_ and retired to _heaven; and_ now what is it that can keep you here?"--_Idem_.

"If pulse of verse a nation's temper shows,
In keen iambics English metre flows."--_Brightland cor._

PROMISCUOUS CORRECTIONS RESPECTING CAPITALS.

LESSON I.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Come, gentle _Spring, ethereal_ mildness, come."--_Thomson's Seasons_, p. 29. As, "He is the Cicero of his age;"--"_He_ is reading the _Lives_ of the Twelve Cæsars;"--or, if no particular book is meant,--"the _lives_ of the _twelve_ Cæsars;" (as it is in _Fisk's Grammar_, p. 57;) for the sentence, as it stands in Murray, is ambiguous. "In the _History_ of Henry the _Fourth_, by _Father_ Daniel, we are _surprised_ at not finding him the great man."--_Smollett's Voltaire_, Vol. v, p. 82. "Do not those same poor peasants use the _lever_, and the _wedge_, and many other instruments?"--_Harris and Mur. cor._ "Arithmetic is excellent for the gauging of _liquors; geometry_, for the measuring of _estates; astronomy_, for the making of _almanacs_; and _grammar_, perhaps, for the drawing of _bonds_ and _conveyances_."--See _Murray's Gram._, p. 288. "The [_History_ of the] _Wars_ of Flanders, written in Latin by Famianus Strada, is a book of some note."--_Blair cor._ "_William_ is a noun. _Why_? _Was_ is a verb. _Why_? _A_ is an article. _Why_? _Very_ is an adverb. _Why_?" &c.--_Merchant cor._ "In the beginning was the _Word_, and that _Word_ was with God, and God was that _Word_."--See _Gospel of John_, i, 1. "The _Greeks_ are numerous in _Thessaly, Macedonia, Romelia_, and _Albania_."--_Balbi's Geog._, p. 360. "He [the Grand Seignior] is styled by the Turks, Sultan, Mighty, or Padishah, _Lord_."--_Balbi cor._ "I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death. O _Death_! I will be thy _plague_; O _Grave_! I will be thy destruction."--_Bible cor._ "Silver and _gold_ have I none; but such as I have, give I [unto] thee."--See _Acts_, iii, 6. "Return, we beseech thee, O God of _hosts_! look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine."--See _Psalm_ lxxx, 14. "In the Attic _commonwealth_, it was the privilege of every citizen to rail in public."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. i, p. 316. "They assert, that in the phrases, 'GIVE me _that_,'--'_This_ is John's,' and, '_Such_ were _some_ of you,'--the words in _Italics_ are pronouns; but that, in the following phrases, they are not pronouns: '_This_ book is instructive;'--'_Some_ boys are ingenious;'--'_My_ health is declining;'--'_Our_ hearts are deceitful.'"--_Murray partly corrected_.[523] "And the coast bends again to the northwest, as far as _Farout Head_."--_Geog. cor._ "Dr. Webster, and other makers of spelling-books, very improperly write _Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday_, and _Saturday_, without capitals."--_G. Brown_. "The commander in chief of the Turkish navy is styled the _Capitan Pacha_."--_Balbi cor._ "Shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the _Father_ of spirits, and live?"--ALGER'S BIBLE: _Heb._, xii, 9. "He [Dr. Beattie] was more anxious to attain the character of a _Christian_ hero."--_Murray cor._ "Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is _Mount_ Zion."--_W. Allen's Gram._, p. 393. "The Lord is my _helper_, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me."--ALGER, FRIENDS, ET AL.: _Heb._, xiii, 6. "Make haste to help me, O LORD my _salvation_."--IIDEM: _Psalms_, xxxviii, 22.

"The _city_ which _thou_ seest, no other deem
Than great and glorious Rome, _queen_ of the _earth_."
--_Paradise Regained_, B. iv.

LESSON II.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"That range of hills, known under the general name of _Mount_ Jura."--_Account of Geneva_. "He rebuked the Red _Sea_ also, and it was dried up."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Ps_. cvi, 9. "Jesus went unto the _Mount_ of Olives."--_Bible cor._ "Milton's book in reply to the _Defence of the King_, by Salmasius, gained him a thousand pounds from the _Parliament_, and killed his antagonist with vexation."--_G. B_. "Mandeville, _Sir_ John, an Englishman famous for his travels, born about 1300, died in 1372."--_B. Dict. cor._ "Ettrick _Pen_, a mountain in Selkirkshire, Scotland, height 2,200 feet."--_G. Geog. cor._ "The coast bends from _Dungsby Head_, in a northwest direction, to the promontory of _Dunnet Head_."--_Id._ "General Gaines ordered a detachment of _nearly_ 300 men, under the command of Major Twiggs, to surround and take an Indian _village_, called _Fowltown_, about fourteen miles from _Fort_ Scott."--_Cohen Cor._ "And he took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, 'Talitha, _cumi_.'"--_Bible Editors cor._ "On religious subjects, a frequent _adoption of Scripture_ language is attended with peculiar force."--_Murray cor._ "Contemplated with gratitude to their Author, the Giver of all _good_."--_Id._ "When he, the Spirit of _truth_, is come, he will guide you into all [the] truth,"--SCOTT, ALGER, ET AL.: _John_, xvi, 13. "See the _Lecture on Verbs, Rule XV, Note_ 4th."--_Fisk cor._ "At the commencement of _Lecture_ 2d, I informed you that Etymology treats, _thirdly_, of derivation."--_Kirkham cor._ "This 8th _Lecture_ is a very important one."--_Id._ "Now read the _11th_ and _12th_ lectures, four or five times over."--_Id._ "In 1752, he [Henry Home] was advanced to the bench, under the title of _Lord_ Kames."--_Murray cor._ "One of his maxims was, '_Know_ thyself.'"--_Lempriere cor._ "Good _Master_, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?"--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Matt._, xix, 16. "His best known works, however, [John Almon's] are, '_Anecdotes_ of the _Life_ of the _Earl_ of Chatham,' 2 vols. 4to, 3 vols. 8vo; and '_Biographical, Literary_, and _Political Anecdotes_ of several of the _Most Eminent Persons_ of the _Present Age_; never before printed,' 3 vols. 8vo, 1797."--_Biog. Dict. cor._ "O gentle _Sleep_, Nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee?"--SHAK.: _Kames, El. of Crit._, Vol. ii, p. 175. "And _peace, O Virtue!_ peace is all thy own."--_Pope et al. cor._

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Fenelon united the characters of a nobleman and a _Christian_ pastor. His book entitled, 'An _Explication_ of the Maxims of the Saints, concerning the _Interior Life_,' gave considerable offence to the guardians of orthodoxy."--_Murray cor._ "When _Natural Religion_, who before was only a spectator, is introduced as speaking by the _Centurion's_ voice."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. i, p. 347. "You cannot deny, that the great _Mover_ and _Author_ of nature constantly explaineth himself to the eyes of men, by the sensible intervention of arbitrary signs, which have no similitude to, or connexion with, the things signified."--_Berkley cor._ "The name of this letter is _Double-u_, its form, that of a double V."--_Dr. Wilson cor._ "Murray, in his _Spelling-Book_, wrote _Charlestown_ with a _hyphen_ and two capitals."--_G. Brown._ "He also wrote _European_ without a capital."--_Id._ "They profess themselves to be _Pharisees_, who are to be heard and not imitated."--_Calvin cor._ "Dr. Webster wrote both _Newhaven_ and _New York_ with single capitals."--_G. Brown_. "_Gay Head_, the west point of Martha's Vineyard."--_Williams cor._ "Write _Crab Orchard, Egg Harbour, Long Island, Perth Amboy, West Hampton, Little Compton, New Paltz, Crown Point, Fell's Point, Sandy Hook, Port Penn, Port Royal, Porto Bello_, and _Porto Rico_.'"--_G. Brown._ "Write the names of the months: _January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December_."--_Id._ "Write the following names and words properly: _Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Saturn;--Christ, Christian, Christmas, Christendom, Michaelmas, Indian, Bacchanals;--East Hampton, Omega, Johannes, Aonian, Levitical, Deuteronomy, European_."--_Id._

"Eight _letters_ in some _syllables_ we find,
And no more _syllables_ in _words_ are join'd."--_Brightland cor._