Chapter IV: Of Spelling (2)

OBS. 27.--No attempt to subject our orthography to a system of phonetics, seems likely to meet with general favour, or to be free from objection, if it should. For words are not mere sounds, and in their _orthography_ more is implied than in _phonetics_, or _phonography_. Ideographic forms have, in general, the advantage of preserving the identity, history, and lineage of words; and these are important matters in respect to which phonetic writing is very liable to be deficient. Dr. Johnson, about a century ago, observed, "There have been many schemes offered for the emendation and settlement of our orthography, which, like that of other nations, being formed by chance, or according to the fancy of the earliest writers in rude ages, was at first very various and uncertain, and [is] as yet sufficiently irregular. Of these reformers some have endeavoured to accommodate orthography better to the pronunciation, without considering that this is to measure by a shadow, to take that for a model or standard which is changing while they apply it. Others, less absurdly indeed, but with equal unlikelihood of success, have endeavoured to proportion the number of letters to that of sounds, that every sound may have its own character, and every character a single sound. Such would be the orthography of a new language to be formed by a synod of grammarians upon principles of science. But who can hope to prevail on nations to change their practice, and make all their old books useless? or what advantage would a new orthography procure equivalent to the confusion and perplexity of such an alteration?"--_Johnson's Grammar before Quarto Dict._, p. 4.

OBS. 28.--Among these reformers of our alphabet and orthography, of whose schemes he gives examples, the Doctor mentions, first, "_Sir Thomas Smith_, secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth, a man of real learning, and much practised in grammatical disquisitions;" who died in 1597;--next, "_Dr. Gill_, the celebrated master of St. Paul's School in London;" who died in 1635;--then, "_Charles Butler_, a man who did not want an understanding which might have qualified him for better employment;" who died in 1647;--and, lastly, "_Bishop Wilkins_, of Chester, a learned and ingenious critic, who is said to have proposed his scheme, without expecting to be followed;" he died in 1672.

OBS. 29.--From this time, there was, so far as I know, no noticeable renewal of such efforts, till about the year 1790, when, as it is shown above on page 134 of my Introduction, _Dr. Webster_, (who was then only "_Noah Webster, Jun._, attorney at law,") attempted to spell all words as they are spoken, without revising the alphabet--a scheme which his subsequent experience before many years led him to abandon. Such a reformation was again attempted, about forty years after, by an other young lawyer, the late lamented _Thomas S. Grimke_, of South Carolina, but with no more success. More recently, phonography, or phonetic writing, has been revived, and to some extent spread, by the publications of _Isaac Pitman_, of Bath, England, and of _Dr. Andrew Comstock_, of Philadelphia. The system of the former has been made known in America chiefly by the lectures and other efforts of _Andrews and Boyle_, of _Dr. Stone_, a citizen of Boston, and of _E. Webster_, a publisher in Philadelphia.

OBS. 30.--The pronunciation of words being evidently as deficient in regularity, in uniformity, and in stability, as is their orthography, if not more so, cannot be conveniently made the measure of their written expression. Concerning the principle of writing and printing by sounds alone, a recent writer delivers his opinion thus: "Let me here observe, as something not remote from our subject, but, on the contrary, directly bearing upon it, that I can conceive no [other] method of so effectually defacing and barbarizing our English tongue, no [other] scheme that would go so far to empty it, practically at least and for us, of all the hoarded wit, wisdom, imagination, and history which it contains, to cut the vital nerve which connects its present with the past, as the introduction of the scheme of 'phonetic spelling,' which some have lately been zealously advocating among us; the principle of which is, that all words should be spelt according as they are sounded, that the writing should be, in every case, subordinated to the speaking. The tacit assumption that it ought so to be, is the pervading error running through the whole system."--_R. C. Trench, on the Study of Words_, p. 177.

OBS. 31.--The phonographic system of stenography, tachygraphy, or short-hand writing, is, I incline to believe, a very great improvement upon the earlier methods. It is perhaps the most reliable mode of taking down speeches, sermons, or arguments, during their delivery, and reporting them for the press; though I cannot pronounce upon this from any experience of my own in the _practice_ of the art. And it seems highly probable, if it has not been fully proved, that children may at first be taught to read more readily, and with better articulation, from phonetic print, or _phonotypy_, as it has been called, than from books that exhibit words in their current or established orthography. But still it is questionable whether it is not best for them to learn each word at first by its peculiar or ideographic form--the form in which they must ultimately learn to read it, and which indeed constitutes its only _orthography_.

IMPROPRIETIES FOR CORRECTION.

ERRORS IN SPELLING.

UNDER RULE I.--OF FINAL F, L, OR S.

"He wil observe the moral law, in hiz conduct."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 320.

[FORMULES--1. Not proper, because the word "_wil_" is here spelled with one _l_. But, according to Rule 1st, "Monosyllables ending in _f, l_, or _s_, preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant." Therefore, this _l_ should be doubled; thus, _will_.

2. Not proper again, because the word "_hiz_" is here spelled with _z_. But, according to the exceptions to Rule 1st, "The words _as, gas, has, was, yes, his_, &c., are written with single _s_." Therefore, this _z_ should be _s_; thus, _his_.]

"A clif is a steep bank, or a precipitous rock."--See _Rhyming Dict._ "A needy man's budget is ful of schemes."--_Old Adage_. "Few large publications in this country wil pay a printer."--_Noah Webster's Essays_, p. x. "I shal, with cheerfulness, resign my other papers to oblivion."--_Ib._, p. x. "The proposition waz suspended til the next session of the legislature."--_Ib._, p. 362. "Tenants for life wil make the most of lands for themselves."--_Ib._, p. 366. "While every thing iz left to lazy negroes, a state wil never be wel cultivated."--_Ib._, p. 367. "The heirs of the original proprietors stil hold the soil."--_Ib._, p. 349. "Say my annual profit on money loaned shal be six per cent."--_Ib._, p. 308. "No man would submit to the drudgery of business, if he could make money az fast by lying stil."--_Ib._, p. 310. "A man may az wel feed himself with a bodkin, az with a knife of the present fashion."--_Ib._, p. 400. "The clothes wil be ill washed, the food wil be badly cooked; and you wil be ashamed of your wife, if she iz not ashamed of herself."--_Ib._, p. 404. "He wil submit to the laws of the state, while he iz a member of it."--_Ib._, p. 320. "But wil our sage writers on law forever think by tradition?"--_Ib._, p. 318. "Some stil retain a sovereign power in their territories."--_Ib._, p. 298. "They sel images, prayers, the sound of bels, remission of sins, &c."--_Perkins's Theology_, p. 401. "And the law had sacrifices offered every day for the sins of al the people."--_Ib._, p. 406. "Then it may please the Lord, they shal find it to be a restorative."--_Ib._, p. 420. "Perdition is repentance put of til a future day."--_Old Maxim_. "The angels of God, which wil good and cannot wil evil, have nevertheless perfect liberty of wil."--_Perkins's Theology_, p. 716. "Secondly, this doctrine cuts off the excuse of al sin."--_Ib._, p. 717. "Knel, the sound of a bell rung at a funeral."--_Johnson_ and _Walker_.

"If gold with dros or grain with chaf you find,
Select--and leave the chaf and dros behind."--_Author_.

UNDER RULE II.--OF OTHER FINALS.

"The mobb hath many heads, but no brains."--_Old Maxim_.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_mobb_" is here spelled with double _b_. But, according to Rule 2d, "Words ending in any other consonant than _f, l_, or _s_, do not double the final letter." Therefore, this _b_ should be single: thus, _mob_.]

"Clamm, to clog with any glutinous or viscous matter."--_Johnson's Dict._ "Whurr, to pronounce the letter _r_ with too much force."--_Ib._ "Flipp, a mixed liquor, consisting of beer and spirits sweetened."--_Ib._ "Glynn, a hollow between two mountains, a glen."--_Churchill's Grammar_, p. 22. "Lamm, to beat soundly with a cudgel or bludgeon."--_Walker's Dict._ "Bunn, a small cake, a simnel, a kind of sweet bread."--See _ib._ "Brunett, a woman with a brown complexion."--_Ib._ and _Johnson's Dict._ "Wad'sett, an ancient tenure or lease of land in the Highlands of Scotland."--_Webster's Dict._ "To _dodd_ sheep, is to cut the wool away about their tails."--_Ib._ "_In aliquem arietare_, CIC. To run full but at one."--_Walker's Particles_, p. 95. "Neither your policy nor your temper would permitt you to kill me."--_Philological Museum_, Vol. i, p. 427. "And admitt none but his own offspring to fulfill them."--_Ib._, i, 437. "The summ of all this Dispute is, that some make them Participles," &c.--_Johnson's Gram._ _Com._, p. 352. "As, the _whistling_ of winds, the _buz_ and _hum_ of insects, the _hiss_ of serpents, the _crash_ of falling timber."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 129; _Adam's Lat. Gram._, p. 247; _Gould's_, 238. "Vann, to winnow, or a fan for winnowing."--_Walker's Rhyming Dict._ "Creatures that buz, are very commonly such as will sting."--_Author_ "Begg, buy, or borrow; butt beware how you find."--_Id._ "It is better to have a house to lett, than a house to gett."--_Id._ "Let not your tongue cutt your throat."--_Old Precept_. "A little witt will save a fortunate man."--_Old Adage_. "There is many a slipp 'twixt the cup and the lipp."--_Id._ "Mothers' darlings make but milksopp heroes."--_Id._ "One eye-witness is worth tenn hearsays."--_Id._

"The judge shall jobb, the bishop bite the town,
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown."--POPE:
_in Joh. Dict., w. Pack._

UNDER RULE III.--OF DOUBLING.

"Friz, to curl; frized, curled; frizing, curling."--_Webster's Dict._, 8vo. Ed. of 1829.

[FORMULE--Not proper, because the words "_frized_" and "_frizing_" are here spelled with the single _z_, of their primitive _friz_. But, according to Rule 3d, "Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, when they end with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double their final consonant before an additional syllable that begins with a vowel." Therefore, this _z_ should be doubled; thus, _frizzed, frizzing_.]

"The commercial interests served to foster the principles of Whigism."--_Payne's Geog._, Vol. ii, p. 511. "Their extreme indolence shuned every species of labour."--_Robertson's Amer._, Vol. i, p. 341. "In poverty and stripedness they attend their little meetings."--_The Friend_, Vol. vii, p. 256. "In guiding and controling[126] the power you have thus obtained."--_Abbott's Teacher_, p. 15. "I began, Thou beganest, He began; We began, You began, They began."--_Alex. Murray's Gram._, p. 92. "Why does _began_ change its ending; as, I began, Thou beganest?"--_Ib._, p. 93. "Truth and conscience cannot be controled by any methods of coercion."--_Hints on Toleration_, p. xvi. "Dr. Webster noded, when he wrote 'knit, kniter, and knitingneedle' without doubling the _t_."--See _El. Spelling-Book_, 1st Ed., p. 136. "A wag should have wit enough to know when other wags are quizing him."--_G. Brown_. "Bon'y, handsome, beautiful, merry."--_Walker's Rhyming Dict._ "Coquetish, practicing coquetry; after the manner of a jilt."--_Webster's Dict._ "Potage, a species of food, made of meat and vegetables boiled to softness in water."--See _ib._ "Potager, from potage, a porringer, a small vessel for children's food."--See _ib._, and _Worcester's_. "Compromit, compromited, compromiting; manumit, manumitted, manumitting."--_Webster_. "Inferible; that may be inferred or deduced from premises."--_Red Book_, p. 228. "Acids are either solid, liquid, or gaseous."--_Gregory's Dict., art. Chemistry_. "The spark will pass through the interrupted space between the two wires, and explode the gases."--_Ib._ "Do we sound _gases_ and _gaseous_ like _cases_ and _caseous?_ No: they are more like _glasses_ and _osseous_."--_G. Brown_. "I shall not need here to mention _Swiming_, when he is of an age able to learn."--_Locke, on Ed._, p. 12. "Why do lexicographers spell _thinnish_ and _mannish_ with two Ens, and _dimish_ and _ramish_ with one Em, each?"--See _Johnson_ and _Webster_. "_Gas_ forms the plural regularly, _gases_."--_O. B. Peirce's Gram._, p. 38. "Singular, Gas; Plural, Gases."--_S. W. Clark's Gram._, p. 47. "These are contractions from _sheded, bursted_."--_Hiley's Grammar_, p. 45. "The Present Tense denotes what is occuring at the present time."--_Day's Gram._, p. 36, and p. 61. "The verb ending in _eth_ is of the solemn or antiquated style; as, he loveth, he walketh, he runeth."--_P. Davis's Gram._, p. 34.

"Thro' freedom's sons no more remonstrance rings,
Degrading nobles and controling kings."--_Murray's Sequel_, p. 292.

UNDER RULE IV.--NO DOUBLING.

"A bigotted and tyrannical clergy will be feared."--_Brown's Estimate_, Vol. ii, p. 78.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the final _t_ of _bigot_ is here doubled in "_bigotted_." But, according to Rule 4th, "A final consonant, when it is not preceded by a single vowel, or when the accent is not on the last syllable, should remain single before an additional syllable." Therefore, this _t_ should be single; thus, _bigoted_.]

"Jacob worshipped his Creator, leaning on the top of his staff."--_Key in Merchant's Gram._, p. 185. "For it is all marvelously destitute of interest."--_Merchant's Criticisms_. "As, box, boxes; church, churches; lash, lashes; kiss, kisses; rebus, rebusses."--_Murray's Gram._, 12mo, p. 42. "Gossipping and lying go hand in hand."--_Old Maxim_. "The substance of the Criticisms on the Diversions of Purley was, with singular industry, gossipped by the present precious secretary of war, in Payne the bookseller's shop."--See _Key_. "Worship makes worshipped, worshipper, worshipping; gossip, gossipped, gossipper, gossipping; fillip, fillipped, fillipper, fillipping."--_Nixon's Parser_, p. 72. "I became as fidgetty as a fly in a milk-jug."--_Blackwood's Mag._, Vol. xl, p. 674. "That enormous error seems to be rivetted in popular opinion."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 364. "Whose mind iz not biassed by personal attachments to a sovereign."--_Ib._, p. 318. "Laws against usury originated in a bigotted prejudice against the Jews."--_Ib._, p. 315. "The most criticcal period of life iz usually between thirteen and seventeen."--_Ib._, p. 388. "Generallissimo, the chief commander of an army or military force."--See _El. Spelling-Book_, p. 93. "Tranquillize, to quiet, to make calm and peaceful."--_Ib._, p. 133. "Pommeled, beaten, bruised; having pommels, as a sword or dagger."--_Webster_ and _Chalmers_. "From what a height does the jeweler look down upon his shoemaker!"--_Red Book_, p. 108. "You will have a verbal account from my friend and fellow traveler."--_Ib._, p. 155. "I observe that you have written the word _counseled_ with one _l_ only."--_Ib._, p. 173. "They were offended at such as combatted these notions."--_Robertson's America_, Vol. ii, p. 437. "From libel, come libeled, libeler, libeling, libelous; from grovel, groveled, groveler, groveling; from gravel, graveled and graveling."--See _Webster's Dict._ "Wooliness, the state of being woolly."--_Ib._ "Yet he has spelled chappelling, bordeller, medallist, metalline, metallist, metallize, clavellated, &c. with _ll_, contrary to his rule."--_Cobb's Review of Webster_, p. 11. "Again, he has spelled cancelation and snively with single _l_, and cupellation, pannellation, wittolly, with _ll_."--_Ib._ "Oilly, fatty, greasy, containing oil, glib."--_Rhyming Dict._ "Medallist, one curious in medals; Metallist, one skilled in metals."--_Johnson, Webster, Worcester, Cobb, et al._ "He is benefitted."--_Town's Spelling-Book_, p. 5. "They traveled for pleasure."--_S. W. Clark's Gram._, p. 101.

"Without you, what were man? A groveling herd,
In darkness, wretchedness, and want enchain'd."
--_Beattie's Minstrel_, p. 40.

UNDER RULE V.--OF FINAL CK.

"He hopes, therefore, to be pardoned by the critick."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 10.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_critick_" is here spelled with a final _k_. But, according to Rule 5th, "Monosyllables and English verbs end not with _c_, but take _ck_ for double _c_; as, rack, wreck, rock, attack: but, in general, words derived from the learned languages need not the _k_, and common use discards it." Therefore, this _k_ should be omitted; thus, _critic_.]

"The leading object of every publick speaker should be to persuade."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 153. "May not four feet be as poetick as five; or fifteen feet, as poetick as fifty?"--_Ib._, p. 146. "Avoid all theatrical trick and mimickry, and especially all scholastick stiffness."--_Ib._, p. 154. "No one thinks of becoming skilled in dancing, or in musick, or in mathematicks, or logick, without long and close application to the subject."--_Ib._, p. 152. "Caspar's sense of feeling, and susceptibility of metallick and magnetick excitement were also very extraordinary."--_Ib._, p. 238. "Authorship has become a mania, or, perhaps I should say, an epidemick."--_Ib._, p. 6. "What can prevent this republick from soon raising a literary standard?"--_Ib._, p. 10. "Courteous reader, you may think me garrulous upon topicks quite foreign to the subject before me."--_Ib._, p. 11. "Of the Tonick, Subtonick, and Atoniek elements."--_Ib._, p. 15. "The subtonick elements are inferiour to the tonicks in all the emphatick and elegant purposes of speech."--_Ib._, p. 32. "The nine atonicks, and the three abrupt subtonicks cause an interruption to the continuity of the syllabick impulse."--_Ib._, p. 37. "On scientifick principles, conjunctions and prepositions are but one part of speech."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 120. "That some inferior animals should be able to mimic human articulation, will not seem wonderful."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, Vol. i, p. 2.

"When young, you led a life monastick,
And wore a vest ecelesiastick;
Now, in your age, you grow fantastick."--_Johnson's Dict._

UNDER RULE VI.--OF RETAINING.

"Fearlesness, exemption from fear, intrepidity."--_Johnson's Dict._

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_fearlesness_" is here allowed to drop one _s_ of _fearless_. But, according to Rule 6th, "Words ending with any double letter, preserve it double before any additional termination not beginning with the same letter." Therefore, the other _s_ should be inserted; thus, _fearlessness_.]

"Dreadlesness; fearlesness, intrepidity, undauntedness."--_Johnson's Dict._ "Regardlesly, without heed; Regardlesness, heedlessness, inattention."--_Ib._ "Blamelesly, innocently; Blamlesness, innocence."--_Ib._ "That is better than to be flattered into pride and carelesness."--TAYLOR: _Joh. Dict._ "Good fortunes began to breed a proud recklesness in them."--SIDNEY: _ib._ "See whether he lazily and listlesly dreams away his time."--LOCKE: _ib._ "It may be, the palate of the soul is indisposed by listlesness or sorrow."--TAYLOR: _ib._ "Pitilesly, without mercy; Pitilesness, unmercifulness."--_Johnson_. "What say you to such as these? abominable, accordable, agreable, &c."--_Tooke's Diversions_, Vol. ii, p. 432. "Artlesly; naturally, sincerely, without craft."--_Johnson_. "A chilness, or shivering of the body, generally precedes a fever."--_Murray's Key_, p. 167. "Smalness; littleness, minuteness, weakness."--_Rhyming Dict._ "Gall-less, a. free from gall or bitterness."--_Webster's Dict._ "Talness; height of stature, upright length with comparative slenderness."--See _Johnson et al_. "Wilful; stubborn, contumacious, perverse, inflexible."--_Id._ "He guided them by the skilfulness of his hands."--_Psal._ lxxviii, 72. "The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof."--_Murray's Key_, p. 172. "What is now, is but an amasment of imaginary conceptions."--GLANVILLE: _Joh. Dict._ "Embarrasment; perplexity, entanglement."--See _Littleton's Dict._ "The second is slothfulness, whereby they are performed slackly and carelesly."--_Perkins's Theology_, p. 729. "Instalment; induction into office; part of a large sum of money, to be paid at a particular time."--See _Johnson's Dict._ "Inthralment; servitude, slavery."--_Ib._

"I, who at some times spend, at others spare,
Divided between carelesness and care."--_Pope_.

UNDER RULE VII.--OF RETAINING.

"Shall, on the contrary, in the first person, simply foretels."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 88; _Ingersoll's_, 136; _Fisk's_, 78; _Jaudon's_, 59; _A. Flint's_, 42; _Wright's_, 90; _Bullions's_, 32.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_foretels_" does not here retain the double _l_ of _tell_. But, according to Rule 7th, "Words ending with any double letter, preserve it double in all derivatives formed from them by means of prefixes." Therefore, the other _l_ should be inserted; thus, _foretells_.]

"There are a few compound irregular verbs, as _befal, bespeak_, &c."--_Ash's Gram._, p. 46. "That we might frequently recal it to our memory."--_Calvin's Institutes_, p. 112. "The angels exercise a constant solicitude that no evil befal us."--_Ib._, p. 107. "Inthral; to enslave, to shackle, to reduce to servitude."--_Walker's Dict._ "He makes resolutions, and fulfils them by new ones."--_Red Book_, p. 138. "To enrol my humble name upon the list of authors on Elocution."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 12. "Forestal; to anticipate, to take up beforehand."--_Walker's Rhym. Dict._ "Miscal; to call wrong, to name improperly."--_Johnson_. "Bethral; to enslave, to reduce to bondage."--See _id._ "Befal; to happen to, to come to pass."--_Rhym. Dict._ "Unrol; to open what is rolled or convolved."--_Johnson_. "Counterrol; to keep copies of accounts to prevent frauds."--See _id._ "As Sisyphus uprols a rock, which constantly overpowers him at the summit."--_Author_. "Unwel; not well, indisposed, not in good health."--See _Red Book_, p. 336. "Undersel; to defeat by selling for less, to sell cheaper than an other."--See _id._, p. 332. "Inwal; to enclose or fortify with a wall."--See _id._, p. 295. "Twibil; an instrument with two bills, or with a point and a blade; a pickaxe, a mattock, a halberd, a battle-axe."--See _Dict._ "What you miscal their folly, is their care."--_Dryden_. "My heart will sigh when I miscal it so."--_Shakspeare_. "But if the arrangement recal one set of ideas more readily than another."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 130.

"'Tis done; and since 'tis done, 'tis past recal;
And since 'tis past recal, must be forgotten."--_Dryden_.

UNDER RULE VIII.--OF FINAL LL.

"The righteous is taken away from the evill to come."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 417.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_evill_" is here written with final _ll_. But, according to Rule 8th, "Final _ll_ is peculiar to monosyllables and their compounds, with the few derivatives formed from such roots by prefixes; consequently, all other words that end in _l_, must be terminated with a single _l_." Therefore, one _l_ should be here omitted; thus, _evil_.]

"Patroll; to go the rounds in a camp or garrison, to march about and observe what passes."--_Webster's Amer. Dict._, 8vo. "Marshall; the chief officer of arms, one who regulates rank and order."--See _Bailey's Dict._ "Weevill; a destructive grub that gets among corn."--See _Rhym. Dict._ "It much excells all other studies and arts."--_Walker's Particles_, p. 217. "It is essentiall to all magnitudes, to be in one place."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 403. "By nature I was thy vassall, but Christ hath redeemed me."--_Ib._, p. 404. "Some, being in want, pray for temporall blessings."--_Ib._, p. 412. "And this the Lord doth, either in temporall or spirituall benefits."--_Ib._, p. 415. "He makes an idoll of them, by setting his heart on them."--_Ib._, p. 416. "This triall by desertion serveth for two purposes."--_Ib._, p. 420. "Moreover, this destruction is both perpetuall and terrible."--_Ib._, p. 726. "Giving to severall men several gifts, according to his good pleasure."--_Ib._, p. 731. "Untill; to some time, place, or degree, mentioned."--See _Red Book_, p. 330. "Annull; to make void, to nullify, to abrogate, to abolish." "Nitric acid combined with argill, forms the nitrate of argill."--_Gregory's Dict., art. Chemistry_.

"Let modest Foster, if he will, excell
Ten Metropolitans in preaching well."--_Pope_, p. 414.

UNDER RULE IX.--OF FINAL E.

"Adjectives ending in _able_ signify capacity; as, _comfortable, tenable, improvable_."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 33.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_improveable_" here retains the final _e_ of _improve_. But, according to Rule 9th, "The final _e_ of a primitive word is generally omitted before an additional termination beginning with a vowel." Therefore, this _e_ should be omitted; thus, _improvable_.]

"Their mildness and hospitality are ascribeable to a general administration of religious ordinances."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 336. "Retrench as much as possible without obscureing the sense."--_James Brown's Amer. Gram._, 1821, p. 11. "Changable, subject to change; Unchangeable, immutable."--_Walker's Rhym. Dict._ "Tameable, susceptive of taming; Untameable, not to be tamed."--_Ib._ "Reconcileable, Unreconcileable, Reconcileableness; Irreconcilable, Irreconcilably, Irreconcilableness."--_Johnson's Dict._ "We have thought it most adviseable to pay him some little attention."-- _Merchants Criticisms_. "Proveable, that may be proved; Reprovable. blameable, worthy of reprehension."--_Walker's Dict._ "Moveable and Immovable, Moveably and Immovably, Moveables and Removal, Moveableness and Improvableness, Unremoveable and Unimprovable, Unremoveably and Removable, Proveable and Approvable, Irreproveable and Reprovable, Unreproveable and Improvable, Unimproveableness and Improvably."--_Johnson's Dict._ "And with this cruelty you are chargable in some measure yourself."--_Collier's Antoninus_, p. 94. "Mothers would certainly resent it, as judgeing it proceeded from a low opinion of the genius of their sex."--_British Gram., Pref._, p. xxv. "Titheable, subject to the payment of tithes; Saleable, vendible, fit for sale; Loseable, possible to be lost; Sizeable, of reasonable bulk or size."--_Walker's Rhyming Dict._ "When he began this custom, he was puleing and very tender."--_Locke, on Ed._, p. 8.

"The plate, coin, revenues, and moveables,
Whereof our uncle Gaunt did stand possess'd."--_Shak._

UNDER RULE X.--OF FINAL E.

"Diversly; in different ways, differently, variously."--_Rhym. Dict._, and _Webster's_.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_Diversly_" here omits the final _e_ of its primitive word, _diverse_. But, according to Rule 10th, "The final _e_ of a primitive word is generally retained before an additional termination beginning with a consonant." Therefore, this _e_ should be retained; thus, _Diversely_.]

"The event thereof contains a wholsome instruction."--_Bacon's Wisdom of the Ancients_, p. 17. "Whence Scaliger falsly concluded that articles were useless."--_Brightland's Gram._, p. 94. "The child that we have just seen is wholesomly fed."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 187. "Indeed, falshood and legerdemain sink the character of a prince."--_Collier's Antoninus_, p. 5. "In earnest, at this rate of managment, thou usest thyself very coarsly."--_Ib._, p. 19. "To give them an arrangment and diversity, as agreeable as the nature of the subject would admit"--_Murray's Pref. to Ex._, p. vi. "Alger's Grammar is only a trifling enlargment of Murray's little Abridgment."--_Author_. "You ask whether you are to retain or omit the mute _e_ in the word judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, lodgment, adjudgment, and prejudgment."--_Red Book_, p. 172. "Fertileness, fruitfulness; Fertily, fruitfully, abundantly."--_Johnson's Dict._ "Chastly, purely, without contamination; Chastness, chastity, purity."--_Ib._, and _Walker's_. "Rhymster, _n._ One who makes rhymes; a versifier; a mean poet."--_Johnson_ and _Webster_. "It is therefore an heroical achievment to dispossess this imaginary monarch."--_Berkley's Minute Philos._, p. 151. "Whereby, is not meant the Present Time, as he imagins, but the Time Past."--_Johnson's Gram. Com._, p. 344 "So far is this word from affecting the noun, in regard to its definitness, that its own character of definitness or indefinitness, depends upon the name to which it is prefixed."--_Webster's Philosophical Gram._, p. 20.

"Satire, by wholsome Lessons, wou'd reclaim,
And heal their Vices to secure their Fame."
--_Brightland's Gr._, p. 171.

UNDER RULE XI.--OF FINAL Y.

"Solon's the veryest fool in all the play."--_Dryden, from Persius_, p. 475.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_veryest_" here retains the final _y_ of its primitive _very_. But, according to Rule 13th, "The final _y_ of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally changed into _i_ before an additional termination." Therefore, this _y_ should be changed to _i_; thus, _veriest_.]

"Our author prides himself upon his great slyness and shrewdness."--_Merchant's Criticisms_. "This tense, then, implys also the signification of _Debeo_."--_B. Johnson's Gram. Com._, p. 300. "That may be apply'd to a Subject, with respect to something accidental."--_Ib._, p. 133. "This latter accompanys his Note with a distinction."--_Ib._, p. 196. "This Rule is defective, and none of the Annotators have sufficiently supply'd it."--_Ib._, p. 204. "Though the fancy'd Supplement of Sanctius, Scioppius, Vossius, and Mariangelus, may take place."--_Ib._, p. 276. "Yet as to the commutableness of these two Tenses, which is deny'd likewise, they are all one."--_Ib._, p. 311. "Both these Tenses may represent a Futurity implyed by the dependence of the Clause."--_Ib._, p. 332. "Cry, cries, crying, cried, crier, decrial; Shy, shyer, shyest, shyly, shyness; Fly, flies, flying, flier, high-flier; Sly, slyer, slyest, slyly, slyness; Spy, spies, spying, spied, espial; Dry, drier, driest, dryly, dryness."--_Cobb's Dict._ "Cry, cried, crying, crier, cryer, decried, decrier, decrial; Shy, shyly, shily, shyness, shiness; Fly, flier, flyer, high-flyer; Sly, slily, slyly, sliness, slyness; Ply, plyer, plying, pliers, complied, compiler; Dry, drier, dryer, dryly, dryness."--_Webster's Dict._, 8vo. "Cry, crier, decrier, decrial; Shy, shily, shyly, shiness, shyness; Fly, flier, flyer, high-flier; Sly, slily, slyly, sliness, slyness; Ply, pliers, plyers, plying, complier; Dry, drier, dryer, dryly, dryness."--_Chalmers's Abridgement of Todd's Johnson_. "I would sooner listen to the thrumming of a dandyzette at her piano."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 24. "Send her away; for she cryeth after us."--_Felton's Gram._, p. 140. "IVYED, _a._ Overgrown with ivy."--_Todd's Dict._, and _Webster's_.

"Some dryly plain, without invention's aid,
Write dull receipts how poems may be made."--_Pope_.

UNDER RULE XII.--OF FINAL Y.

"The gaiety of youth should be tempered by the precepts of age."--_Mur. Key_, p. 175.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_gaiety_" does not here retain the final _y_ of the primitive word _gay_. But, according to Rule 12th, "The final _y_ of a primitive word, when preceded by a vowel, should not be changed into _i_ before an additional termination." Therefore, this _y_ should be retained; thus, _gayety_.]

"In the storm of 1703, two thousand stacks of chimnies were blown down, in and about London."--See _Red Book_, p. 112. "And the vexation was not abated by the hacknied plea of haste."--_Ib._, p. 142. "The fourth sin of our daies is lukewarmness."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 725. "God hates the workers of iniquity, and destroies them that speak lies."--_Ib._, p. 723. "For, when he laies his hand upon us, we may not fret."--_Ib._, p. 726. "Care not for it; but if thou maiest be free, choose it rather."--_Ib._, p. 736. "Alexander Severus saith, 'He that buieth, must sell: I will not suffer buyers and sellers of offices.'"--_Ib._, p. 737. "With these measures fell in all monied men."--SWIFT: _Johnson's Dict._ "But rattling nonsense in full vollies breaks."--POPE: _ib., w. Volley_. "Vallies are the intervals betwixt mountains."--WOODWARD: _ib._ "The Hebrews had fifty-two journies or marches."--_Wood's Dict._ "It was not possible to manage or steer the gallies thus fastened together."--_Goldsmith's Greece_, Vol. ii, p. 106. "Turkies were not known to naturalists till after the discovery of America."--_See Gregory's Dict._ "I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkies."--See _Key_. "Men worked at embroidery, especially in abbies."--_Constable's Miscellany_, Vol. xxi, p. 101. "By which all purchasers or mortgagees may be secured of all monies they lay out."--TEMPLE: _Johnson's Dict._ "He would fly to the mines and the gallies for his recreation."--SOUTH: _Ib._

"Here pullies make the pond'rous oak ascend."--GAY: _ib._

------------"You need my help, and you say,
Shylock, we would have monies."--SHAKSPEARE: _ib._

UNDER RULE XIII.--OF IZE AND ISE.

"Will any able writer authorise other men to revise his works?"--_Author._

[FORMULES.--1. Not proper, because the word "_authorise_" is here written with _s_ in the last syllable, in stead of _z_. But, according to Rule 13th, "Words ending in _ize_ or _ise_ sounded alike, as in _wise_ and _size_, generally take the _z_ in all such as are essentially formed by means of the termination." Therefore, this _s_ should be _z_; thus, _authorize_.

2. Not proper again, because the word "_revize_" is here written with _z_ in the last syllable, in lieu of _s_. But, according to Rule 13th, "Words ending in _ize_ or _ise_ sounded alike, as in _wise_ and _size_, generally take the _s_, in monosyllables, and all such as are essentially formed by means of prefixes." Therefore, this _z_ should be _s_; thus, _revise_.]

"It can be made as strong and expressive as this Latinised English."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 295. "Governed by the success or the failure of an enterprize."--_Ib._, Vol. ii, pp. 128 and 259. "Who have patronised the cause of justice against powerful oppressors."--_Ib._, pp. 94 and 228; _Merchant_, p. 199. "Yet custom authorises this use of it."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 148. "They surprize myself, * * * and I even think the writers themselves will be surprized."--_Ib._, Pref., p. xi. "Let the interest rize to any sum which can be obtained."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 310. "To determin what interest shall arize on the use of money."--_Ib._, p. 313. "To direct the popular councils and check a rizing opposition."--_Ib._, p. 335. "Five were appointed to the immediate exercize of the office."--_Ib._, p. 340. "No man ever offers himself [as] a candidate by advertizing."--_Ib._, p. 344. "They are honest and economical, but indolent, and destitute of enterprize."--_Ib._, p. 347. "I would however advize you to be cautious."--_Ib._, p. 404. "We are accountable for whatever we patronise in others."--_Murray's Key_, p. 175. "After he was baptised, and was solemnly admitted into the office."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 732. "He will find all, or most of them, comprized in the Exercises."--_British Gram._, Pref., p. v. "A quick and ready habit of methodising and regulating their thoughts."--_Ib._, p. xviii. "To tyrannise over the time and patience of his reader."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. iii. "Writers of dull books, however, if patronised at all, are rewarded beyond their deserts."--_Ib._, p. v. "A little reflection, will show the reader the propriety and the _reason_ for emphasising the words marked."--_Ib._, p. 163. "The English Chronicle contains an account of a surprizing cure."--_Red Book_, p. 61. "Dogmatise, to assert positively; Dogmatizer, an asserter, a magisterial teacher."--_Chalmers's Dict._ "And their inflections might now have been easily analysed."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, Vol. i, p. 113. "Authorize, disauthorise, and unauthorized; Temporize, contemporise, and extemporize."--_Walkers Dict._ "Legalize, equalise, methodise, sluggardize, womanise, humanize, patronise, cantonize, gluttonise, epitomise, anatomize, phlebotomise, sanctuarise, characterize, synonymise, recognise, detonize, colonise."--_Ibid._

"This BEAUTY Sweetness always must comprize,
Which from the Subject, well express'd will rise."
--_Brightland's Gr._, p. 164.

UNDER RULE XIV.--OF COMPOUNDS.

"The glory of the Lord shall be thy rereward."--COMMON BIBLES: _Isa._, lviii, 8.

[FORMULE--Not proper, because the compound word "_rereward_" has not here the orthography of the two simple words _rear_ and _ward_, which compose it. But, according to Rule 14th, "Compounds generally retain the orthography of the simple words which compose them." And, the accent being here unfixed, a hyphen is proper. Therefore, this word should be spelled thus, _rear-ward_.]

"A mere vaunt-courier to announce the coming of his master."--_Tooke's Diversions_, Vol. i, p. 49. "The parti-coloured shutter appeared to come close up before him."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 233. "When the day broke upon this handfull of forlorn but dauntless spirits."--_Ib._, p. 245. "If, upon a plumbtree, peaches and apricots are ingrafted, no body will say they are the natural growth of the plumbtree."--_Berkley's Minute Philos._, p. 45. "The channel between Newfoundland and Labrador is called the Straits of Bellisle."--_Worcester's Gaz._ "There being nothing that more exposes to Headach." [127]--_Locke, on Education_, p. 6. "And, by a sleep, to say we end the heartach."--SHAK.: _in Joh. Dict._ "He that sleeps, feels not the toothach."--ID., _ibid._ "That the shoe must fit him, because it fitted his father and granfather."--_Philological Museum_, Vol. i, p. 431. "A single word, mispelt, in a letter, is sufficient to show, that you have received a defective education."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 3. "Which mistatement the committee attributed to a failure of memory."--_Professors' Reasons_, p. 14. "Then he went through the Banquetting-House to the scaffold."-- _Smollett's England_, Vol. iii, p. 345. "For the purpose of maintaining a clergyman and skoolmaster."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 355. "They however knew that the lands were claimed by Pensylvania."--_Ib._, p. 357. "But if you ask a reason, they immediately bid farewel to argument."--_Red Book_, p. 80. "Whom resist stedfast in the faith."--SCOTT: 1 _Peter_, v, 9. "And they continued stedfastly in the apostles' doctrine."--_Acts_, ii, 42. "Beware lest ye also fall from your own stedfastness."--_2 Peter_, iii, 17. "_Galiot_, or _galliott_, a Dutch vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizen-mast."--_Web. Dict._ "Infinitive, to overflow; Preterit, overflowed; Participle, overflown."--_Cobbett's E. Gram._, (1818,) p. 61. "After they have mispent so much precious Time."--_British Gram._, p. xv. "Some say, two _handsfull_; some, two _handfulls_; and others, two _handfull_."-- _Alex. Murray's Gram._, p. 106. "Lapfull, as much as the lap can contain."--_Webster's Octavo Dict._ "Darefull, full of defiance."-- _Walker's Rhym. Dict._ "The road to the blissfull regions, is as open to the peasant as to the king."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 167. "Mis-spel is _mis-spell_ in every Dictionary which I have seen."--_Barnes's Red Book_. p. 303. "Downfal; ruin, calamity, fall from rank or state."--_Johnson's Dict._ "The whole legislature likewize acts az a court."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 340. "It were better a milstone were hanged about his neck."--_Perkins's Works_, p. 731. "Plum-tree, a tree that produces plums; Hog-plumbtree, a tree."--_Webster's Dict._ "Trisyllables ending in _re_ or _le_, accent the first syllable."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 238.

"It happen'd on a summer's holiday,
That to the greenwood shade he took his way."
--_Churchill's Gr._, p. 135.

UNDER RULE XV.--OF USAGE.

"Nor are the modes of the Greek tongue more uniform."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 112.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the word "_modes_" is here written for _moods_, which is more common among the learned, and usually preferred by Murray himself. But, according to Rule 15th, "Any word for the spelling of which we have no rule but usage, is written wrong if not spelled according to the usage which is most common among the learned." Therefore, the latter form should be preferred; thus, _moods_, and not _modes_.]

"If we analize a conjunctive preterite, the rule will not appear to hold."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 118. "No landholder would have been at that expence."--_Ib._, p. 116. "I went to see the child whilst they were putting on its cloaths."--_Ib._, p. 125. "This stile is ostentatious, and doth not suit grave writing."--_Ib._, p. 82. "The king of Israel, and Jehosophat the king of Judah, sat each on his throne."--_Mur. Gram._, p. 165, _twice_; _Merchant's_, 89; _Churchill's_, 300. "The king of Israel, and Jehosaphat the king of Judah, sat each on his throne."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 90; _Harrison's_, 99; _Churchill's_, 138; _Wright's_, 148. "Lisias, speaking of his friends, promised to his father, never to abandon them."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. ii, pp. 121 and 253. "Some, to avoid this errour, run into it's opposite."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 199. "Hope, the balm of life, sooths us under every misfortune."--_Merchants Key_, p. 204. "Any judgement or decree might be heerd and reversed by the legislature."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 340. "A pathetic harang wil skreen from punishment any knave."--_Ib._, p. 341. "For the same reezon, the wimen would be improper judges."--_Ibid._ "Every person iz indulged in worshiping az he pleezes."--_Ib._, p. 345. "Most or all teechers are excluded from genteel company."--_Ib._, p. 362. "The Kristian religion, in its purity, iz the best institution on erth."--_Ib._, p. 364. "Neether clergymen nor human laws hav the leest authority over the conscience."--_Ib._, p. 363. "A gild is a society, fraternity, or corporation."--_Red Book_, p. 83. "Phillis was not able to unty the knot, and so she cut it."--_Ib._, p. 46. "An aker of land is the quantity of one hundred and sixty perches."--_Ib._, p. 93. "Oker is a fossil earth combined with the oxid of some metal."--_Ib._, p. 96. "_Genii_, when denoting ærial spirits: _Geniuses_, when signifying persons of genius."--_Mur.'s Gram._, i, p. 42. "_Genii_, when denoting æriel spirits; _Geniuses_, when signifying persons of genius."--_Frost's Gram._, p. 9. "_Genius_, Plu. _geniuses_, men of wit; but _genii_, ærial beings."--_Nutting's Gram._, p. 18. "Aerisius, king of Argos, had a beautiful daughter, whose name was Danæ."--_Classic Tales_, p. 109. "Phæton was the son of Apollo and Clymene."--_Ib._, p. 152. "But, after all, I may not have reached the intended Gaol."--_Buchanan's Syntax_, Pref., p. xxvii. "'Pitticus was offered a large sum.' Better: 'A large sum was offered to Pitticus.'"--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 187. "King Missipsi charged his sons to respect the senate and people of Rome."--See _ib._, p. 161. "For example: Gallileo invented the telescope."--_Ib._, pp. 54 and 67. "Cathmor's warriours sleep in death."--_Ib._, p. 54. "For parsing will enable you to detect and correct errours in composition."--_Ib._, p. 50.

"O'er barren mountains, o'er the flow'ry plain,
Extends thy uncontroul'd and boundless reign."--_Dryden_.

PROMISCUOUS ERRORS IN SPELLING.

LESSON I.--MIXED.

"A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critick."--POPE: _Johnson's Dict., w. Former_. "Produce a single passage superiour to the speech of Logan, a Mingo chief, delivered to Lord Dunmore, when governour of Virginia."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 247. "We have none synonimous to supply its place."--_Jamieson's Rhetoric_, p. 48. "There is a probability that the effect will be accellerated."--_Ib._, p. 48. "Nay, a regard to sound hath controuled the public choice."--_Ib._, p. 46. "Though learnt from the uninterrupted use of gutterel sounds."--_Ib._, p. 5. "It is by carefully filing off all roughness and inequaleties, that languages, like metals, must be polished."--_Ib._, p. 48. "That I have not mispent my time in the service of the community."--_Buchanan's Syntax_, Pref., p. xxviii. "The leaves of maiz are also called blades."--_Webster's El. Spelling-Book_, p. 43. "Who boast that they know what is past, and can foretel what is to come."--_Robertson's Amer._, Vol. i, p. 360. "Its tasteless dullness is interrupted by nothing but its perplexities."-- _Abbott's Teacher_, p. 18. "Sentences constructed with the Johnsonian fullness and swell."--_Jamieson's Rhet._, p. 130. "The privilege of escaping from his prefatory dullness and prolixity."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. iv. "But in poetry this characteristick of dulness attains its full growth."--_Ib._, p. 72. "The leading characteristick consists in an increase of the force and fullness."--_Ib._, p. 71. "The character of this opening fulness and feebler vanish."--_Ib._, p. 31. "Who, in the fullness of unequalled power, would not believe himself the favourite of heaven?"--_Ib._, p. 181. "They marr one another, and distract him."--_Philological Museum_, Vol. i, p. 433. "Let a deaf worshipper of antiquity and an English prosodist settle this."--_Rush, on the Voice_, p. 140. "This phillipic gave rise to my satirical reply in self-defence."-- _Merchant's Criticisms_. "We here saw no inuendoes, no new sophistry, no falsehoods."--_Ib._ "A witty and humourous vein has often produced enemies."--_Murray's Key_, p. 173. "Cry holla! to thy tongue, I pr'ythee: it curvetts unseasonably."--_Shak._ "I said, in my slyest manner, 'Your health, sir.'"--_Blackwood's Mag._, Vol. xl, p. 679. "And attornies also travel the circuit in pursute of business."--_Red Book_, p. 83. "Some whole counties in Virginia would hardly sel for the valu of the dets du from the inhabitants."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 301. "They were called the court of assistants, and exercized all powers legislativ and judicial."--_Ib._, p. 340. "Arithmetic is excellent for the guaging of liquors."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 288. "Most of the inflections may be analysed in a way somewhat similar."--_Ib._, p. 112.

"To epithets allots emphatic state,
Whilst principals, ungrac'd, like lacquies wait."
--_C. Churchill's Ros._, p. 8.

LESSON II.--MIXED.

"Hence it [less] is a privative word, denoting destitution; as, fatherless, faithless, pennyless."--_Webster's Dict., w. Less._ "_Bay_; red, or reddish, inclining to a chesnut color."--_Same._ "_To mimick_, to imitate or ape for sport; _a mimic_, one who imitates or mimics."--_Ib._ "Counterroil, a counterpart or copy of the rolls; Counterrolment, a counter account."--_Ib._ "Millenium, the thousand years during which Satan shall be bound."--_Ib._ "Millenial, pertaining to the millenium, or to a thousand years."--_Ib._ "Thraldom; slavery, bondage, a state of servitude."--See _Johnson's Dict._ "Brier, a prickly bush; Briery, rough, prickly, full of briers; Sweetbriar, a fragrant shrub."--See _Johnson, Walker, Chalmers, Webster, and others_. "_Will_, in the second and third Persons, barely foretels."--_British Gram._, p. 132. "And therefor there is no Word false, but what is distinguished by Italics."--_Ib._, Pref., p. v. "What should be repeted is left to their Discretion."--_Ib._, p. iv. "Because they are abstracted or seperated from material Substances."--_Ib._, p. ix. "All Motion is in Time, and therefor, where-ever it exists, implies Time as its Concommitant."--_Ib._, p. 140. "And illiterate grown persons are guilty of blameable spelling."--_Ib._, Pref., p. xiv. "They wil always be ignorant, and of ruf uncivil manners."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 346. "This fact wil hardly be beleeved in the northern states."--_Ib._, p. 367. "The province however waz harrassed with disputes."--_Ib._, p. 352. "So little concern haz the legislature for the interest of lerning."--_Ib._, p. 349. "The gentlemen wil not admit that a skoolmaster can be a gentleman."--_Ib._, p. 362. "Such absurd qui-pro-quoes cannot be too strenuously avoided."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 205. "When we say, 'a man looks _slyly_;' we signify, that he assumes a _sly look_."--_Ib._, p. 339. "_Peep_; to look through a crevice; to look narrowly, closely, or slyly."--_Webster's Dict._ "Hence the confession has become a hacknied proverb."--_Wayland's Moral Science_, p. 110. "Not to mention the more ornamental parts of guilding, varnish, &c."--_Tooke's Diversions_, Vol. i, p. 20. "After this system of self-interest had been rivetted."--_Brown's Estimate_, Vol. ii, p. 136. "Prejudice might have prevented the cordial approbation of a bigotted Jew."--SCOTT: _on Luke_, x.

"All twinkling with the dew-drop sheen,
The briar-rose fell in streamers green."--_Lady of the Lake_, p. 16.

LESSON III.--MIXED.

"The infinitive mode has commonly the sign _to_ before it."--_Harrison's Gram._, p. 25. "Thus, it is adviseable to write _singeing_, from the verb to _singe_, by way of distinction from _singing_, the participle of the verb to _sing_."--_Ib._, p. 27. "Many verbs form both the preterite tense and the preterite participle irregularly."--_Ib._, p. 28. "Much must be left to every one's taste and judgment."--_Ib._, p. 67. "Verses of different lengths intermixed form a Pindarick poem."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 44. "He'll surprize you."--_Frost's El. of Gram._, p. 88. "Unequalled archer! why was this concealed?"--KNOWLES: _ib._, p. 102. "So gaily curl the waves before each dashing prow."--BYRON: _ib._, p. 104. "When is a dipthong called a proper dipthong?"--_Infant School Gram._, p. 11. "How many _ss_ would goodness then end with? Three."--_Ib._, p. 33. "_Q._ What is a tripthong? _A._ A tripthong is the union of three vowels, pronounced in like manner."--_Bacon's Gram._, p. 7. "The verb, noun, or pronoun, is referred to the preceding terms taken seperately."--_Ib._, p. 47. "The cubic foot of matter which occupies the center of the globe."--_Cardell's Gram._, 18mo, p. 47. "The wine imbibes oxigen, or the acidifying principle, from the air."--_Ib._, p. 62. "Charcoal, sulphur, and niter, make gun powder."--_Ib._, p. 90. "It would be readily understood, that the thing so labeled, was a bottle of Madeira wine."--_Ib._, p. 99. "They went their ways, one to his farm, an other to his merchandize."--_Ib._, p. 130. "A dipthong is the union of two vowels, sounded by a single impulse of the voice."--_Russell's Gram._, p. 7. "The professors of the Mahommedan religion are called Mussulmans."--_Maltby's Gram._, p. 73. "This shews that _let_ is not a sign of the imperative mood, but a real verb."--_Ib._, p. 51. "Those preterites and participles, which are first mentioned in the list, seem to be the most eligible."--_Ib._, p. 47. "Monosyllables, for the most part, are compared by _er_ and _est_; and dyssyllables by _more_ and _most_."--_Ib._, p. 19. "This termination, added to a noun, or adjective, changes it into a verb: as _modern_, to _modernise_; a _symbol_, to _symbolize_."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 24. "An Abridgment of Murray's Grammar, with additions from Webster, Ash, Tooke, and others."--_Maltby's title-page_. "For the sake of occupying the room more advantagously, the subject of Orthography is merely glanced at."--_Nutting's Gram._, p. 5. "So contended the accusers of Gallileo."--_O. B. Peirce's Gram._, 12mo, 1839, p. 380. "Murray says, 'They were _traveling past_ when _we_ met them.'"--_Peirce, ib._, p. 361. "They fulfil the only purposes for which they are designed."--_Ib._, p. 359. "On the fulfillment of the event."--_Ib._, p. 175. "Fullness consists in expressing every idea."--_Ib._, p. 291. "Consistently with fulness and perspicuity."--_Ib._, p. 337. "The word _verriest_ is a gross corruption; as, 'He is the _verriest_ fool on earth.'"--_Wright's Gram._, p. 202. "The sound will recal the idea of the object."--_Hiley's Gram._, p. 142. "Formed for great enterprizes."--_Bullions's Prin. of E. Gram._, p. 153. "The most important rules and definitions are printed in large type, _italicised_."--_Hart's Gram._, p. 3. "HAMLETTED, _a._ Accustomed to a hamlet; countrified."-- _Bolles's Dict._, and _Chalmers's_. "Singular, _spoonful, cup-full, coach-full, handful_; plural, _spoonfuls, cup-fulls, coach-fulls, handfuls_."--_Bullions's Analyt. and Pract. Gram._, p. 27.

"Between Superlatives and following Names,
OF, by Grammatick Right, a Station claims."
--_Brightland's Gram._, p. 146.