Chapter IV: Of Spelling

CORRECTIONS OF FALSE SPELLING.

RULE I.--FINAL F, L, OR S.

"He _will_ observe the moral law, in _his_ conduct."--_Webster corrected_. "A _cliff_ is a steep bank, or a precipitous rock."--_Walker cor._ "A needy man's budget is _full_ of schemes."--_Maxim cor._ "Few large publications, in this country, _will_ pay a printer."--_N. Webster cor._ "I _shall_, with cheerfulness, resign my other papers to oblivion."--_Id._ "The proposition _was_ suspended _till_ the next session of the legislature."--_Id._ "Tenants for life _will_ make the most of lands for themselves."--_Id._ "While every thing _is_ left to lazy negroes, a state _will_ never be _well_ cultivated."--_Id._ "The heirs of the original proprietors _still_ hold the soil."--_Id._ "Say my annual profit on money loaned _shall_ be six per cent."--_Id._ "No man would submit to the drudgery of business, if he could make money _as_ fast by lying _still_."--_Id._ "A man may _as well_ feed himself with a bodkin, _as_ with a knife of the present fashion."--_Id._ "The clothes _will_ be ill washed, the food _will_ be badly cooked; you _will_ be ashamed of your wife, if she _is_ not ashamed of herself."--_Id._ "He _will_ submit to the laws of the state while he _is_ a member of it."--_Id._ "But _will_ our sage writers on law forever think by tradition?"--_Id._ "Some _still_ retain a sovereign power in their territories."--_Id._ "They _sell_ images, prayers, the sound of _bells_, remission of sins, &c."--_Perkins cor._ "And the law had sacrifices offered every day, for the sins of _all_ the people."--_Id._ "Then it may please the Lord, they _shall_ find it to be a restorative."--_Id._ "Perdition is repentance put _off till_ a future day."--_Maxim cor._ "The angels of God, who _will_ good and cannot _will_ evil, have nevertheless perfect liberty of _will_."--_Perkins cor._ "Secondly, this doctrine cuts off the excuse of _all_ sin."--_Id._ "_Knell_, the sound of a bell rung at a funeral."--_Dict. cor._

"If gold with _dross_ or grain with _chaff_ you find,
Select--and leave the _chaff_ and _dross_ behind."--_G. Brown_.

RULE II.--OTHER FINALS.

"The _mob_ hath many heads, but no brains."--_Maxim cor._ "_Clam_; to clog with any glutinous or viscous matter."--See _Webster's Dict._ "_Whur_; to pronounce the letter _r_ with too much force." "_Flip_; a mixed liquor, consisting of beer and spirit sweetened." "_Glyn_; a hollow between two mountains, a glen."--See _Walker's Dict._ "_Lam_, or _belam_; to beat soundly with a cudgel or bludgeon."--See _Red Book_. "_Bun_; a small cake, a simnel, a kind of sweet bread."--See _Webster's Dict._ "_Brunet_, or _Brunette_; a woman with a brown complexion."--See _ib._, and _Scott's Dict._ "_Wadset_; an ancient tenure or lease of land in the Highlands of Scotland."--_Webster cor._ "To _dod_ sheep, is to cut the wool away about their tails."--_Id._ "In aliquem arietare. _Cic._ To run full _butt_ at one."--_W. Walker cor._ "Neither your policy nor your temper would _permit_ you to kill me."--_Phil. Mu. cor._ "And _admit_ none but his own offspring to fulfill them."--_Id._ "The _sum_ of all this dispute is, that some make them Participles."--_R. Johnson cor._ "As the _whistling_ winds, the _buzz_ and _hum_ of insects, the _hiss_ of serpents, the _crash_ of falling timber."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 331. "_Van_; to winnow, or a fan for winnowing."--See _Scott_. "Creatures that _buzz_, are very commonly such as will sting."--_G. Brown_. "_Beg_, buy, or borrow; _but_ beware how yon find."--_Id._ "It is better to have a house to _let_, than a house to _get_." "Let not your tongue _cut_ your throat."--_Precept cor._ "A little _wit_ will save a fortunate man."--_Adage cor._ "There is many a _slip_ 'twixt the cup and the _lip_."--_Id._ "Mothers' darlings make but _milksop_ heroes."--_Id._ "One eye-witness is worth _ten_ hearsays."--_Id._

"The judge shall _job_, the bishop bite the town,
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown."
POPE: _in Johnson's Dict., w. Job_.

RULE III.--DOUBLING.

"Friz, to curl; _frizzed_, curled; _frizzing_, curling."--_Webster cor._ "The commercial interests served to foster the principles of _Whiggism_."--_Payne cor._ "Their extreme indolence _shunned_ every species of labour."--_Robertson cor._ "In poverty and _strippedness_, they attend their little meetings."--_The Friend cor._ "In guiding and _controlling_ the power you have thus obtained."--_Abbott cor._ "I began, Thou _begannest_ or _beganst_, He began, &c."--_A. Murray cor._ "Why does _began_ change its ending; as, I began, Thou _begannest_ or _beganst_?"--_Id._ "Truth and conscience cannot be _controlled_ by any methods of coercion."--_Hints cor._ "Dr. Webster _nodded_, when he wrote _knit, knitter_, and _knitting-needle_, without doubling the _t_."--_G. Brown_. "A wag should have wit enough to know when other wags are _quizzing_ him." "_Bonny_; handsome, beautiful, merry."--_Walker cor._ "_Coquettish; practising_ coquetry; after the manner of a jilt."--See _Worcester_. "_Pottage_; a species of food made of meat and vegetables boiled to softness in water."--See _Johnson's Dict._ "_Pottager_; (from _pottage_;) a porringer, a small vessel for children's food." "Compromit, _compromitted, compromitting_; manumit, manumitted, manumitting."--_Webster cor._ "_Inferrible_; that may be inferred or deduced from premises."--_Walker_. "Acids are either solid, liquid, or _gasseous_."--_Gregory cor._ "The spark will pass through the interrupted space between the two wires, and explode the _gasses_."--_Id._ "Do we sound gasses and _gasseous_ like _cases_ and _caseous_? No: they are more like _glasses_ and _osseous_."--_G. Brown_. "I shall not need here to mention _Swimming_, when he is of an age able to learn."--_Locke cor._ "Why do lexicographers spell _thinnish_ and _mannish_ with two Ens, and _dimmish_ and _rammish_ with one Em, each?"--_G. Brown._ "_Gas_ forms the plural regularly, _gasses_."--_Peirce cor._ "Singular, _gas_; Plural, _gasses_."--_Clark cor._ "These are contractions from _shedded, bursted_."--_Hiley cor._ "The Present Tense denotes what is _occurring_ at the present time."--_Day cor._ "The verb ending in _eth_ is of the solemn or antiquated style; as, He loveth, He walketh, He _runneth_."--_Davis cor._

"Thro' Freedom's sons no more remonstrance rings,
Degrading nobles and controlling kings."--_Johnson_.

RULE IV--NO DOUBLING.

"A _bigoted_ and tyrannical clergy will be feared."--See _Johnson, Walker_, &c. "Jacob _worshiped_ his Creator, leaning on the top of his staff."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 165. "For it is all _marvellously_ destitute of interest."--See _Johnson, Walker_, and _Worcester_. "As, box, boxes; church, churches; lash, lashes; kiss, kisses; rebus, _rebuses_."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 40. "_Gossiping_ and lying go hand in hand."--See _Webster's Dict., and Worcester's, w. Gossiping_. "The substance of the Criticisms on the Diversions of Purley was, with singular industry, _gossiped_ by the present precious Secretary _at_ [of] war, in Payne the bookseller's shop."--_Tooke's Diversions_, Vol. i, p. 187. "_Worship_ makes _worshiped, worshiper, worshiping_; _gossip, gossiped, gossiper, gossiping_; _fillip, filliped, filliper, filliping_."--_Web. Dict._ "I became as _fidgety_ as a fly in a milk-jug."--See _ib._ "That enormous error seems to be _riveted_ in popular opinion." "Whose mind is not _biased_ by personal attachments to a sovereign."--See _ib._ "Laws against usury originated in a _bigoted_ prejudice against the Jews."--_Webster cor._ "The most _critical_ period of life is usually between thirteen and seventeen."--_Id._ "_Generalissimo_, the chief commander of an army or military force."--_Every Dict._ "_Tranquilize_, to quiet, to make calm and peaceful."--_Webster's Dict._ "_Pommelled_, beaten, bruised; having pommels, as a sword-hilt."--_Webster et al. cor._ "From what a height does a _jeweller_ look down upon his shoemaker!"--_Red Book cor._ "You will have a verbal account from my friend and fellow _traveller_."--_Id._ "I observe that you have written the word _counselled_ with one _l_ only."--_Ib._ "They were offended at such as _combated_ these notions."--_Robertson cor._ "From _libel_, come _libelled, libeller, libelling, libellous_; from _grovel, grovelled, groveller, grovelling_; from _gravel, gravelled_, and _gravelling_."--_Webster cor._ "_Woolliness_, the state of being woolly."--_Worcester's Dict._ "Yet he has spelled chapelling, bordeller, _medalist, metaline, metalist, metalize_, clavellated, etc, with _ll_, contrary to his rule."--_Webster cor._ "Again, he has spelled _cancellation_ and _snivelly_ with single _l_, and cupellation, pannellation wittolly, with _ll_."--_Id._ "_Oily_, fatty, greasy, containing oil, glib."--_Walker cor._ "_Medalist_, one curious in medals; _Metalist_, one skilled in metals."--_Walker's Rhym. Dict._ "He is _benefited_."--_Webster_. "They _travelled_ for pleasure."--_Clark cor._

"Without you, what were man? A _grovelling_ herd,
In darkness, wretchedness, and want enchain'd."--_Beattle cor._

RULE V.--FINAL CK.

"He hopes, therefore, to be pardoned by the _critic_."--_Kirkham corrected_. "The leading object of every _public_ speaker should be, to persuade."--_Id._ "May not four feet be as _poetic_ as five; or fifteen feet as _poetic_ as fifty?"--_Id._ "Avoid all theatrical trick and _mimicry_, and especially all _scholastic stiffness_."--_Id._ "No one thinks of becoming skilled in dancing, or in _music_, or in _mathematics_, or _in logic_, without long and close application to the subject."--_Id._ "Caspar's sense of feeling, and susceptibility of _metallic_ and _magnetic_ excitement, were also very extraordinary."--_Id._ "Authorship has become a mania, or, perhaps I should say, an _epidemic_."--_Id._ "What can prevent this _republic_ from soon raising a literary standard?"--_Id._ "Courteous reader, you may think me garrulous upon _topics_ quite foreign to the subject before me."--_Id._ "Of the _Tonic, Subtonic_, and _Atonic_ elements."--_Id._ "The _subtonic_ elements are inferior to the _tonics_, in all the _emphatic_ and elegant purposes of speech."--_Id._ "The nine _atonics_ and the three abrupt _subtonics_ cause an interruption to the continuity of the _syllabic_ impulse." [526]--_Id._ "On _scientific_ principles, conjunctions and prepositions are [_not_] one [and the same] part of speech."--_Id._ "That some inferior animals should be able to _mimick_ human articulation, will not seem wonderful."--_L. Murray cor._

"When young, you led a life _monastic_,
And wore a vest _ecclesiastic_;
Now, in your age, you grow _fantastic_."--_Denham's Poems_, p. 235.

RULE VI.--RETAINING.

"_Fearlessness_; exemption from fear, intrepidity."--_Johnson cor._ "_Dreadlessness_; _fearlessness_, intrepidity, undauntedness."--_Id._ "_Regardlessly_, without heed; _Regardlessness_, heedlessness."--_Id._ "_Blamelessly_, innocently; _Blamelessness_, innocence."--_Id._ "That is better than to be flattered into pride and _carelessness_."--_Id._ "Good fortunes began to breed a proud _recklessness_ in them."--_Id._ "See whether he lazily and _listlessly_ dreams away his time."--_Id._ "It maybe, the palate of the soul is indisposed by _listlessness_ or sorrow."--_Id._ "_Pitilessly_, without mercy; _Pitilessness_, unmercifulness."--_Id._ "What say you to such as these? abominable, accordable, _agreeable_, etc."-- _Tooke cor._ "_Artlessly_; naturally, sincerely, without craft."--_Johnson cor._ "A _chillness_, or shivering of the body, generally precedes a fever."--See _Webster_. "_Smallness_; littleness, minuteness, weakness."--_Walker's Dict., et al._ "_Galless, adj_. Free from gall or bitterness."--_Webster cor._ "_Tallness_; height of stature, upright length with comparative slenderness."--_Webster's Dict._ "_Willful_; stubborn, contumacious, perverse, inflexible."--See _ib._ "He guided them by the _skillfulness_ of his hands."--See _ib._ "The earth is the Lord's, and the _fullness_ thereof."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Ps_. xxiv, 1. "What is now, is but an _amassment_ of imaginary conceptions."--_Glanville cor._ "_Embarrassment_; perplexity, entanglement."--_Walker_. "The second is slothfulness, whereby they are performed slackly and _carelessly_."-- _Perkins cor._ "_Installment_; induction into office, part of a large sum of money, to be paid at a particular time."--See _Webster's Dict._ "_Inthrallment_; servitude, slavery, bondage."--_Ib._

"I, who at some times spend, at others spare,
Divided between _carelessness_ and care."--_Pope cor._

RULE VII.--RETAINING.

"_Shall_, on the contrary, in the first person, simply _foretells_."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 41; _Comly's_, 38; _Cooper's_, 51; _Lennie's_, 26. "There are a few compound irregular verbs, as _befall, bespeak_, &c."--_Ash cor._ "That we might frequently _recall_ it to our memory."--_Calvin cor._ "The angels exercise a constant solicitude that no evil _befall us_."--_Id._ "_Inthrall_; to enslave, to shackle, to reduce to servitude."--_Johnson_. "He makes resolutions, and _fulfills_ them by new ones."--See _Webster_. "To _enroll_ my humble name upon the list of authors on Elocution."--See _Webster_. "_Forestall_; to anticipate, to take up beforehand."--_Johnson_. "_Miscall_; to call wrong, to name improperly."--_Webster_. "_Bethrall_; to enslave, to reduce to bondage."--_Id._ "_Befall_; to happen to, to come to pass."--_Walkers Dict._ "_Unroll_; to open what is rolled or convolved."--_Webster's Dict._ "_Counterroll_; to keep copies of accounts to prevent frauds."--See _ib._ "As Sisyphus _uprolls_ a rock, which constantly overpowers him at the summit."--_G. Brown_. "_Unwell_; not well, indisposed, not in good health."--_Webster_. "_Undersell_; to defeat by selling for less, to sell cheaper than an other."--_Johnson_. "_Inwall_; to enclose or fortify with a wall."--_Id._ "_Twibill_; an instrument with two bills, or with a point and a blade; a pickaxe, a mattock, a halberd, a battleaxe."--_Dict. cor._ "What you _miscall_ their folly, is their care."--_Dryden cor._ "My heart will sigh when I _miscall_ it so."--_Shak. cor._ "But if the arrangement _recalls_ one set of ideas more readily than an other."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. i, p. 334.

"'Tis done; and since 'tis done, 'tis past _recall_
And since 'tis past _recall_, must be forgotten."--_Dryden cor._

RULE VIII.--FINAL LL.

"The righteous is taken away from the _evil_ to come."--_Isaiah_, lvii, 1. "_Patrol_; to go the rounds in a camp or garrison, to march about and observe what passes."--See _Joh. Dic._ "_Marshal_; the chief officer of arms, one who regulates rank and order."--See _ib._ "_Weevil_; a destructive grub that gets among corn."--See _ib._ "It much _excels_ all other studies and arts."--_W. Walker cor._ "It is _essential_ to all magnitudes, to be in one place."--_Perkins cor._ "By nature I was thy _vassal_, but Christ hath redeemed me."--_Id._ "Some being in want, pray for _temporal_ blessings."--_Id._ "And this the Lord doth, either in _temporal_ or _in spiritual_ benefits."--_Id._ "He makes an _idol_ of them, by setting his heart on them." "This _trial_ by desertion serveth for two purposes."--_Id._ "Moreover, this destruction is both _perpetual_ and terrible."--_Id._ "Giving to _several_ men several gifts, according to his good pleasure." "_Until_; to some time, place, or degree, mentioned."--See _Dict._ "_Annul_; to make void, to nullify, to abrogate, to abolish."--See _Dict._ "Nitric acid combined with _argil_, forms the nitrate of _argil_."--_Gregory cor._

"Let modest Foster, if he will, _excel_
Ten metropolitans in preaching well."--_Pope cor._

RULE IX.--FINAL E.

"Adjectives ending in _able_ signify capacity; as, _comfortable, tenable, improvable_."--_Priestly cor._ "Their mildness and hospitality are _ascribable_ to a general administration of religious ordinances."-- _Webster cor._ "Retrench as much as possible without _obscuring_ the sense."--_J. Brown cor._ "_Changeable_, subject to change; _Unchangeable_, immutable."--_Walker cor._ "_Tamable_, susceptive of taming; _Untamable_, not to be tamed."--_Id._ "_Reconcilable, Unreconcilable, Reconcilableness_; Irreconcilable, Irreconcilably, Irreconcilableness."--_Johnson cor._ "We have thought it most _advisable_ to pay him some little attention."-- _Merchant cor._ "_Provable_, that may be proved; Reprovable, _blamable_, worthy of reprehension."--_Walker cor._ "_Movable_ and Immovable, _Movably_ and Immovably, _Movables_ and Removal, _Movableness_ and Improvableness, _Unremovable_ and Unimprovable, _Unremovably_ and Removable, _Provable_ and Approvable, _Irreprovable_ and Reprovable, _Unreprovable_ and Improvable, _Unimprovableness_ and Improvably."--_Johnson cor._ "And with this cruelty you are _chargeable_ in some measure yourself."--_Collier cor._ "Mothers would certainly resent it, as _judging_ it proceeded from a low opinion of the genius of their sex."--_Brit. Gram. cor._ "_Tithable_, subject to the payment of tithes; _Salable_, vendible, fit for sale; _Losable_, possible to be lost; _Sizable_, of reasonable bulk or size."--See _Webster's Dict._ "When he began this custom, he was _puting_ and very tender."--_Locke cor._

"The plate, coin, revenues, and _movables_,
Whereof our uncle Gaunt did stand possess'd."--_Shak. cor._

RULE X.--FINAL E.

"_Diversely_; in different ways, differently, variously."--See _Walker's Dict._ "The event thereof contains a _wholesome_ instruction."--_Bacon cor._ "Whence Scaliger _falsely_ concluded that Articles were useless."--_Brightland cor._ "The child that we have just seen is _wholesomely_ fed."--_Murray cor._ "Indeed, _falsehood_ and legerdemain sink the character of a prince."--_Collier cor._ "In earnest, at this rate of _management_, thou usest thyself very _coarsely_."--_Id._ "To give them an _arrangement_ and a diversity, as agreeable as the nature of the subject would admit."--_Murray cor._ "Alger's Grammar is only a trifling _enlargement_ of Murray's little _Abridgement_."--_G. Brown_. "You ask whether you are to retain or _to_ omit the mute _e_ in the _words, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, lodgement, adjudgement_, and _prejudgement_."--_Red Book cor._ "Fertileness, fruitfulness; _fertilely_, fruitfully, abundantly."--_Johnson cor._ "_Chastely_, purely, without contamination; _Chasteness_, chastity, purity."--_Id._ "_Rhymester_, n. One who makes rhymes; a versifier; a mean poet."--_Walker, Chalmers, Maunder, Worcester_. "It is therefore a heroical _achievement_ to disposess [sic--KTH] this imaginary monarch."--_Berkley cor._ "Whereby is not meant the present time, as he _imagines_, but the time past."--_R. Johnson cor._ "So far is this word from affecting the noun, in regard to its _definiteness_, that its own character of _definiteness_ or _indefiniteness_, depends upon the name to which it is prefixed."--_Webster cor._

"Satire, by _wholesome_ lessons, would reclaim,
And heal their vices to secure their fame "--_Brightland cor._

RULE XI.--FINAL Y.

"Solon's the _veriest_ fool in all the play."--_Dryden cor._ "Our author prides himself upon his great _sliness_ and shrewdness."--_Merchant cor._ "This tense, then, _implies_ also the signification of _debeo_."--_R. Johnson cor._ "That may be _applied_ to a subject, with respect to something accidental."--_Id._ "This latter author _accompanies_ his note with a distinction."--_Id._ "This rule is defective, and none of the annotators have sufficiently _supplied its deficiencies_."--_Id._ "Though the _fancied_ supplement of Sanctius, Scioppius, Vossius, and Mariangelus, may take place."--_Ib._ "Yet, as to the commutableness of these two tenses, which is _denied_ likewise, they [the foregoing examples] are _all one_ [; i.e., _exactly equivalent_]"--_Id._ "Both these tenses may represent a futurity, _implied_ by the dependence of the clause."--_Id._ "Cry, cries, crying, cried, crier, decrial; Shy, _shier, shiest, shily, shiness_; Fly, flies, flying, flier, high-flier; Sly, _slier, sliest, slily, sliness_; Spy, spies, spying, spied, espial; Dry, drier, driest, _drily, driness_."--_Cobb, Webster, and Chalmers cor._ "I would sooner listen to the thrumming of a _dandizette_ at her piano."--_Kirkham cor._ "Send her away; for she _crieth_ after us."--_Matt._, v, 23. "IVIED, _a_. overgrown with ivy."--_Cobb's Dict._, and _Maunders_.

"Some _drily_ plain, without invention's aid,
Write dull receipts how poems may be made."--_Pope cor._

RULE XII.--FINAL Y.

"The _gayety_ of youth should be tempered by the precepts of age."--_Murray cor._ "In the storm of 1703, two thousand stacks of _chimneys_ were blown down in and about London."--_Red Book cor._ "And the vexation was not abated by the _hackneyed_ plea of haste."--_Id._ "The fourth sin of our _days_ is lukewarmness."--_Perkins cor._ "God hates the workers of iniquity, and _destroys_ them that speak lies."--_Id._ "For, when he _lays_ his hand upon us, we may not fret."--_Id._ "Care not for it; but if thou _mayst_ be free, choose it rather."--_Id._ "Alexander Severus saith, 'He that _buyeth_, must sell; I will not suffer buyers and sellers of offices.'"--_Id._ "With these measures, fell in all _moneyed_ men."--See _Johnson's Dict._ "But rattling nonsense in full _volleys_ breaks."--_Murray's Reader, q. Pope_. "_Valleys_ are the intervals betwixt mountains."--_Woodward cor._ "The Hebrews had fifty-two _journeys_ or marches."--_Wood cor._ "It was not possible to manage or steer the _galleys_ thus fastened together."--_Goldsmith cor._ "_Turkeys_ were not known to naturalists till after the discovery of America."--_Gregory cor._ "I would not have given it for a wilderness of _monkeys_."--SHAK.: _in Johnson's Dict._ "Men worked at embroidery, especially in _abbeys_."--_Constable cor._ "By which all purchasers or mortgagees may be secured of all _moneys_ they lay out."--_Temple cor._ "He would fly to the mines _or_ the _galleys_, for his recreation."--_South cor._ "Here _pulleys_ make the pond'rous oak ascend."--_Gay cor._

------"You need my help, and you say,
Shylock, we would have _moneys_."--_Shak. cor._

RULE XIII.--IZE AND ISE.

"Will any able writer _authorize_ other men to _revise_ his works?"--_G. B_. "It can be made as strong and expressive as this _Latinized_ English."--_Murray cor._ "Governed by the success or failure of an _enterprise_."--_Id._ "Who have _patronized_ the cause of justice against powerful oppressors."--_Id., et al_. "Yet custom _authorizes_ this use of it."--_Priestley cor._ "They _surprise_ myself, ****; and I even think the writers themselves will be _surprised_."--_Id._ "Let the interest _rise_ to any sum which can be obtained."--_Webster cor._ "To _determine_ what interest shall _arise_ on the use of money."--_Id._ "To direct the popular councils and check _any rising_ opposition,"--_Id._ "Five were appointed to the immediate _exercise_ of the office."--_Id._ "No man ever offers himself as a candidate by _advertising_."--_Id._ "They are honest and economical, but indolent, and destitute of _enterprise_."--_Id._ "I would, however, _advise_ you to be cautious."--_Id._ "We are accountable for what we _patronize_ in others."--_Murray cor._ "After he was _baptized_, and was solemnly admitted into the office."--_Perkins cor._ "He will find all, or most, of them, _comprised_ in the exercises."--_Brit. Gram. cor._ "A quick and ready habit of _methodizing_ and regulating their thoughts."--_Id._ "To _tyrannize_ over the time and patience of his readers."--_Kirkham cor._ "Writers of dull books, however, if _patronized_ at all, are rewarded beyond their deserts."--_Id._ "A little reflection will show the reader the reason for _emphasizing_ the words marked."--_Id._ "The English Chronicle contains an account of a _surprising_ cure."--_Red Book cor._ "_Dogmatize_, to assert positively; Dogmatizer, an _assertor_, a magisterial teacher."--_Chalmers cor._ "And their inflections might now have been easily _analyzed_."--_Murray cor._ "Authorize, _disauthorize_, and unauthorized; Temporize, _contemporize_, and extemporize."--_Walker cor._ "Legalize, _equalize, methodize_, sluggardize, _womanize_, humanize, _patronize_, cantonize, _gluttonize, epitomize_, anatomize, _phlebotomize, sanctuarize_, characterize, _synonymize, recognize_, detonize, _colonize_."--_Id. cor._

"This beauty sweetness always must _comprise_,
Which from the subject, well express'd, will rise."--_Brightland cor._

RULE XIV.--COMPOUNDS.

"The glory of the Lord shall be thy _rear-ward_."--SCOTT, ALGER: _Isa._, lviii, 8. "A mere _van-courier_ to announce the coming of his master."--_Tooke cor._ "The _party-coloured_ shutter appeared to come close up before him."--_Kirkham cor._ "When the day broke upon this _handful_ of forlorn but dauntless spirits."--_Id._ "If, upon a _plumtree_, peaches and apricots are engrafted, _nobody_ will say they are the natural growth of the _plumtree_.'--_Berkley cor._ "The channel between Newfoundland and Labrador is called the Straits of _Belleisle_."--_Worcester cor._ "There being nothing that more exposes to _the headache_:"--or, (perhaps more accurately,) "_headake_."--_Locke cor._ "And, by a sleep, to say we end the _heartache_:"--or, "_heartake_."--_Shak. cor._ "He that sleeps, feels not the _toothache_:"--or, "_toothake_."--_Id._ "That the shoe must fit him, because it fitted his father and _grandfather_."--_Phil. Museum cor._ "A single word _misspelled_ [or _misspelt_] in a letter is sufficient to show that you have received a defective education."--_C. Bucke cor._ "Which _misstatement_ the committee attributed to a failure of memory."--_Professors cor._ "Then he went through the _Banqueting-House_ to the scaffold."--_Smollet cor._ "For the purpose of maintaining a clergyman and _a schoolmaster_."--_Webster cor._ "They however knew that the lands were claimed by _Pennsylvania_."--_Id._ "But if you ask a reason, they immediately bid _farewell_ to argument."--_Barnes cor._ "Whom resist, _steadfast_ in the faith."--_Alger's Bible_. "And they continued _steadfastly_ in the apostles' doctrine."--_Id._ "Beware lest ye also fall from your own _steadfastness_."--_Ib._ "_Galiot_, or _Galliot_, a Dutch vessel carrying a main-mast and a _mizzen-mast_."--_Webster cor._ "Infinitive, to overflow; Preterit, overflowed; Participle, _overflowed_."--_Cobbett cor._ "After they have _misspent_ so much precious time."--_Brit. Gram. cor._ "Some say, 'two _handsful_;" some, 'two _handfuls_; and others, 'two _handful_.' The second expression is right."--_G. Brown_. "_Lapful_, as much as the lap can contain."--_Webster cor._ "_Dareful_, full of defiance."--_Walker cor._ "The road to the _blissful_ regions is as open to the peasant as to the king."--_Mur. cor._ "_Misspell_ is _misspelled_ [or _misspelt_] in every dictionary which I have seen."--_Barnes cor._ "_Downfall_; ruin, calamity, fall from rank or state."--_Johnson cor._ "The whole legislature _likewise_ acts _as_ a court."--_Webster cor._ "It were better a _millstone_ were hanged about his neck."--_Perkins cor._ "_Plumtree_, a tree that produces plums; _Hogplumtree_, a tree."--_Webster cor._ "_Trissyllables_ ending in _re_ or _le_, accent the first syllable."--_Murray cor._

"It happened on a summer's _holyday_,
That to the greenwood shade he took his way."--_Dryden_.

RULE XV.--USAGE.

"Nor are the _moods_ of the Greek tongue more uniform."--_Murray cor._ "If we _analyze_ a conjunctive _preterit_, the rule will not appear to hold."--_Priestley cor._ "No landholder would have been at that _expense_."--_Id._ "I went to see the child whilst they were putting on its _clothes_."--_Id._ "This _style_ is ostentatious, and _does_ not suit grave writing."--_Id._ "The king of Israel and _Jehoshaphat_ the king of Judah, sat each on his throne."--_1 Kings_, xxii, 10; _2 Chron._, xviii, 9. "_Lysias_, speaking of his friends, promised to his father never to abandon them."--_Murray cor._ "Some, to avoid this _error_, run into _its_ opposite."--_Churchill cor._ "Hope, the balm of life _soothes_ us under every misfortune."--_Jaudon's Gram._, p. 182. "Any judgement or decree might be _heard_ and reversed by the legislature."--_N. Webster cor._ "A pathetic _harangue will screen_ from punishment any knave."--_Id._ "For the same _reason_ the _women_ would be improper judges."--_Id._ "Every person _is_ indulged in worshiping _as_ he _pleases_."--_Id._ "Most or all _teachers_ are excluded from genteel company."--_Id._ "The _Christian_ religion, in its purity, _is_ the best institution on _earth_."--_Id._ "_Neither_ clergymen nor human laws _have_ the _least_ authority over the conscience."--_Id._ "A _guild_ is a society, fraternity, or corporation."--_Barnes cor._ "Phillis was not able to _untie_ the knot, and so she cut it."--_Id._ "An _acre_ of land is the quantity of one hundred and sixty perches."--_Id._ "_Ochre_ is a fossil earth combined with the _oxyd_ of some metal."--_Id._ "_Genii_, when denoting _aërial_ spirits; _geniuses_, when signifying persons of genius."--_Murray cor._; also _Frost_; also _Nutting_. "Acrisius, king of Argos, had a beautiful daughter, whose name was _Danäe_."--_Classic Tales cor._ "_Phäeton_ was the son of Apollo and Clymene."--_Id._--"But, after all, I may not have reached the intended _goal_."--_Buchanan cor._ "'_Pittacus_ was offered a large sum.' Better: '_To Pittacus_ was offered a large sum.'"--_Kirkham cor._ "King _Micipsa_ charged his sons to respect the senate and people of Rome."--_Id._ "For example: '_Galileo_ greatly improved the telescope.'"--_Id._ "Cathmor's _warriors_ sleep in death."--_Macpherson's Ossian_. "For parsing will enable you to detect and correct _errors_ in composition."--_Kirkham cor._

"O'er barren mountains, o'er the flow'ry plain,
Extends thy _uncontrolled_ and boundless reign."--_Dryden cor._

PROMISCUOUS CORRECTIONS OF FALSE SPELLING.

LESSON I.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"A bad author deserves better usage than a bad _critic_."--_Pope (or Johnson) cor._ "Produce a single passage, _superior_ to the speech of Logan, a Mingo chief, to Lord Dunmore, _governor_ of this state."--_Jefferson's Notes_, p. 94. "We have none _synonymous_ to supply its place."--_Jamieson cor._ "There is a probability that the effect will be _accelerated_."--_Id._ "Nay, a regard to sound has _controlled_ the public choice."--_Id._ "Though learnt [better, _learned_] from the uninterrupted use of _guttural_ sounds."--_Id._ "It is by carefully filing off all roughness and _all inequalities_, that languages, like metals, must be polished."--_Id._ "That I have not _misspent_ my time in the service of the community."--_Buchanan cor._ "The leaves of _maize_ are also called blades."--_Webster cor._ "Who boast that they know what is past, and can _foretell_ what is to come."--_Robertson cor._ "Its tasteless _dullness_ is interrupted by nothing but its perplexities."--_Abbott, right_. "Sentences constructed with the Johnsonian _fullness_ and swell."--_Jamieson, right_. "The privilege of escaping from his prefatory _dullness_ and prolixity."--_Kirkham, right_. "But, in poetry, this _characteristic_ of _dullness_ attains its full growth."--_Id. corrected_. "The leading _characteristic_ consists in an increase of the force and fullness."--_Id cor._ "The character of this opening _fullness_ and feebler vanish."--_Id. cor._ "Who, in the _fullness_ of _unequalled_ power, would not believe himself the favourite of Heaven?"--_Id. right_. "They _mar_ one _an_ other, and distract him."--_Philol. Mus. cor._ "Let a deaf _worshiper_ of antiquity and an English prosodist settle this."--_Rush cor._ "This _Philippic_ gave rise to my satirical reply in self-defence."--_Merchant cor._ "We here saw no _innuendoes_, no new sophistry, no falsehoods."--_Id._ "A witty and _humorous_ vein has often produced enemies."--_Murray cor._ "Cry _hollo_! to thy tongue, I _pray thee_:[527] it _curvets_ unseasonably."--_Shak. cor._ "I said, in my _sliest_ manner, 'Your health, sir.'"--_Blackwood cor._ "And _attorneys_ also travel the circuit in _pursuit_ of business."--_Barnes cor._ "Some whole counties in Virginia would hardly _sell_ for the _value_ of the _debts due_ from the inhabitants."--_Webster cor._ "They were called the Court of Assistants, and _exercised_ all powers, _legislative_ and judicial."--_Id._ "Arithmetic is excellent for the _gauging_ of liquors."--_Harris's Hermes_, p. 295. "Most of the inflections may be _analyzed_ in a way somewhat similar."--_Murray cor._

"To epithets allots emphatic state,
_While_ principals, ungrac'd, like _lackeys_ wait."
--_T. O. Churchill's Gram._, p. 326.

LESSON II.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Hence _less_ is a privative _suffix_, denoting destitution; as in _fatherless, faithless, penniless_."--_Webster cor._ "_Bay_; red, or reddish, inclining to a _chestnut colour_."--_Id._ "To _mimick_, to imitate or ape for sport; a _mimic_, one who imitates or mimicks."--_Id._ "Counterroll, a counterpart or copy of the rolls; _Counterrollment_, a counter account."--_Id._ "_Millennium_, [from _mille_ and _annus_,] the thousand years during which Satan shall be bound."--See _Johnson's Dict._ "_Millennial_, [like _septennial, decennial_, &c.,] pertaining to the _millennium_, or to a thousand years."--See _Worcester's Dict._ "_Thralldom_; slavery, bondage, a state of servitude."--_Webster's Dict._ "Brier, a prickly bush; Briery, rough, prickly, full of briers; _Sweetbrier_, a fragrant shrub."--See _Ainsworth's Dict., Scott's, Gobb's_, and others. "_Will_, in the second and third persons, barely _foretells_."--_Brit. Gram. cor._ "And _therefore_ there is no word false, but what is distinguished by Italics."--_Id._ "What should be _repeated_, is left to their discretion."--_Id._ "Because they are abstracted or _separated_ from material substances."--_Id._ "All motion is in time, and _therefore, wherever_ it exists, implies time as its _concomitant_."-- _Harris's Hermes_, p. 95. "And illiterate grown persons are guilty of _blamable_ spelling."--_Brit. Gram. cor._ "They _will_ always be ignorant, and of _rough_, uncivil manners."--_Webster cor._ "This fact _will_ hardly be _believed_ in the northern states."--_Id._ "The province, however, _was harassed_ with disputes."--_Id._ "So little concern _has_ the legislature for the interest of _learning_."--_Id._ "The gentlemen _will_ not admit that a _schoolmaster_ can be a gentleman."--_Id._ "Such absurd _quid-pro-quoes_ cannot be too strenuously avoided."--_Churchill cor._ "When we say of a man, 'He looks _slily_;' we signify, that he takes a sly glance or peep at something."--_Id._ "_Peep_; to look through a crevice; to look narrowly, closely, or _slily_"--_Webster cor._ "Hence the confession has become a _hackneyed_ proverb."--_Wayland cor._ "Not to mention the more ornamental parts of _gilding_, varnish, &c."--_Tooke cor._ "After this system of self-interest had been _riveted_."--_Dr. Brown cor._ "Prejudice might have prevented the cordial approbation of a _bigoted_ Jew."--_Dr. Scott cor._

"All twinkling with the _dewdrop_ sheen,
The _brier-rose_ fell in streamers green."--_Sir W. Scott cor._

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"The infinitive _mood_ has, commonly, the sign _to_ before it."--_Harrison cor._ "Thus, it is _advisable_ to write _singeing_, from the verb to _singe_, by way of distinction from _singing_, the participle of the verb to _sing_."--_Id._ "Many verbs form both the _preterit_ tense and the _preterit_ participle irregularly."--_Id._ "Much must be left to every one's taste and _judgement_."--_Id._ "Verses of different lengths, intermixed, form a _Pindaric_ poem."--_Priestley cor._ "He'll _surprise_ you."--_Frost cor._ "Unequalled archer! why was this concealed?"-- _Knowles_. "So _gayly_ curl the waves before each dashing prow."--_Byron cor._ "When is a _diphthong_ called a proper _diphthong_?"--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "How many _Esses_ would _the word_ then end with? Three; for it would be _goodness's_."--_Id._ "_Qu_. What is a _triphthong_? _Ans_. A _triphthong_ is a _coalition_ of three vowels _in one syllable_."--_Bacon cor._ "The verb, noun, or pronoun, is referred to the preceding terms taken _separately_."--_Murray_. "The cubic foot of matter which occupies the _centre_ of the globe."--_Cardell cor._ "The wine imbibes _oxygen_, or the acidifying principle, from the air."--_Id._ "Charcoal, sulphur, and _nitre_, make _gunpowder_."--_Id._ "It would be readily understood, that the thing so _labelled_ was a bottle of Madeira wine."--_Id._ "They went their ways, one to his farm, an other to his _merchandise_."--_Matt._, xxii, 5. "A _diphthong_ is the union of two vowels, _both in one syllable_."--_Russell cor._ "The professors of the _Mohammedan_ religion are called Mussulmans."--_Maltby cor._ "This _shows_ that _let_ is not a _mere_ sign of the imperative mood, but a real verb."--_Id._ "Those _preterits_ and participles which are first mentioned in the list, seem to be the most eligible."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 107; _Fisk's_, 81; _Ingersoll's_, 103. "Monosyllables, for the most part, are compared by _er_ and _est_, and _dissyllables_, by _more_ and _most_."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 47. "This termination, added to a noun or _an_ adjective, changes it into a verb: as, _modern_, to _modernize_; a _symbol_, to _symbolize_."-- _Churchill cor._ "An _Abridgement_ of Murray's Grammar, with additions from Webster, Ash, Tooke, and others."--_Maltby's Gram._, p. 2. "For the sake of occupying the room more _advantageously_, the subject of Orthography is merely glanced at."--_Nutting cor._ "So contended the accusers of _Galileo_."--_O. B. Peirce cor._ Murray says, "They were _travelling post_ when _he_ met them."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 69. "They _fulfill_ the only purposes for which they were designed."--_Peirce cor._--See _Webster's Dict._ "On the _fulfillment_ of the event."--_Peirce, right_. "_Fullness_ consists in expressing every idea."--_Id._ "Consistently with _fullness_ and perspicuity."--_Peirce cor._ "The word _veriest_ is a _regular adjective_; as, 'He is the _veriest_ fool on earth.'"--_Wright cor._ "The sound will _recall_ the idea of the object."--_Hiley cor._ "Formed for great _enterprises_."--_Hiley's Gram._, p. 113. "The most important rules and definitions are printed in large type, _Italicized_."--_Hart cor._ "HAMLETED, _a._, accustomed to a hamlet, countrified."--_Webster_, and _Worcester_. "Singular, _spoonful, cupful, coachful, handful_; plural, _spoonfuls, cupfuls, coachfuls, handfuls_."--_Worcester's Universal and Critical Dictionary_.

"Between superlatives and following names,
_Of_, by _grammatic_ right, a station claims."--_Brightland cor._

THE KEY.--PART II.--ETYMOLOGY.

CHAPTER I.--PARTS OF SPEECH.

The first chapter of Etymology, as it exhibits only the distribution of words into the ten Parts of Speech, contains no false grammar for correction. And it may be here observed, that as mistakes concerning the forms, classes, or modifications of words, are chiefly to be found in _sentences_, rather than in any separate exhibition of the terms; the quotations of this kind, with which I have illustrated the principles of etymology, are many of them such as might perhaps with more propriety be denominated _false syntax_. But, having examples enough at hand to show the ignorance and carelessness of authors in every part of grammar, I have thought it most advisable, so to distribute them as to leave no part destitute of this most impressive kind of illustration. The examples exhibited as _false etymology_, are as distinct from those which are called _false syntax_, as the nature of the case will admit.