Chapter III: HYGROCYBE. Veil absent. Entire fungus thin, watery, fragile

P. viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccose. Often
bright coloured._

* _Gills decurrent or adnate with decur. tooth._

=Colemannianus=, Blox. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. and strongly umb. pale umber paler except disc when dry; g. deeply decur. connected by veins, pale brown; s. 2-3 cm. white, silky upwards; sp. 7 x 4.

=foetens=, Phill. Very foetid. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umber; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. olive yellow, squamulose; sp. subgl. 4-5.

=sciophanus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. slightly viscid, opaque, pale brick red, or tawny, striate; g. decur. connected by veins, tinged red; s. 3-6 cm. hollow, subflexuous, smooth; sp. ----.

[=sulcatus=, Karst. P. campan. exp. viscid, sulcate except disc, deep tawny; s. hollow, equal, glabrous, viscid, yellowish; g. decur. yellowish.

=laetus=, Fr. (= _H. Houghtoni_, B.). P. 2-3 cm. thin, convexo-plane, viscid, tawny; g. thin, distant, paler than p. decur.; s. 5-7 cm. tough, equal, viscid, colour of p.; sp. 7 x 4-5.

Differs from _H. sciophanus_ in viscid stem.

=vitellinus=, Fr. Every part clear lemon yellow, paler when dry. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. viscid, edge plicato-striate; g. decur. rather distant; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, fragile; sp. 6 x 4.

=ceraceus=, Wulf. P. 2-3 cm. fragile, thin, exp. viscid, shining, wax-yellow; g. adnate, subdecur. distant, broad, almost triangular, yellow; s. hollow, 3-4 cm. hollow, colour of p. often flexuous; sp. 8 x 6.

Differs from _H. vitellinus_ in broad gills and wax-yellow s. and p.

=coccineus=, Schaeff. P. 2.5-3 cm. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, glabrous, scarlet then pale; g. adnate with decur. tooth, connected by veins, reddish or yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, compr. yellowish, crimson above; sp. 10-12 x 6. (6-8 x 4-5.)

Differs from _H. puniceus_ in adnate g. and yellow base of s., from _H. miniatus_ in glabrous p. and yellow base of s.

=miniatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. fragile, thin, convex then umbil. scarlet then pale, opaque and squamulose; g. adnate, distant, yellow and red; s. 3-5 cm. terete, polished, scarlet; sp. 10 x 6.

=turundus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. thin, convex then umbil. very brittle, covered with greyish-brown down then squamulose; g. decur. distant, white then yellowish; s. 2-3 cm. tawny, polished; sp. ----.

P. soon broken up into smoky squamules, but golden and viscid at first.

Var. _mollis_, B. and Br. P. golden with fibrils of same colour; s. yellow; g. shortly decur.

Var. _lepidus_, Boud. Brilliant golden orange; p. convex, squamulose or hirsuto-tomentose, umbil. then golden, centre deepest; g. thick distant, deeply and abruptly decur. pallid; s. elongated, colour of p.; sp. 9-10 x 5-6.

=mucronellus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. submembranaceous, fragile, conic then campan. acutely umb. glabrous, vermilion then pale; g. decur. triangular, thick, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. slender, colour of p. base white; sp. ----.

=Wynniae=, B. and Br. (= _Clitocybe xanthophylla_, Bres., _fide_ Berk.). P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, convex then umbil. or infundib., striate, lemon yellow, greenish when dry; g. decur. yellowish then tinged green; s. 2-3 cm. colour of p.; sp. 7-8 x 6.

[=syrjensis=, Karst. P. thin convex, disc depr. glabrous, even, dry, fuscous-white or dingy yellowish; g. deeply decur. brownish, somewhat branched; s. equal, pallid; sp. 6 x 3-4.

=micaceus=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm. thin, exp. yellow then grey with green tinge, wrinkled, micaceous; g. decur. pale umber; s. 2-2.5 cm. slender, yellow, base brown; sp. 4 x 3.

** _Gills adnexed then separating from stem._

=puniceus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. campan. obtuse, wavy, viscid, crimson then pale; g. slightly adnexed, thick, distant, yellow; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, striate, colour of p. base white; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from _H. coccineus_ in adnexed g. and striate stem with white base.

Var. _nigrescens_, Q. Becoming blackish everywhere. P. orange, virgate, then grey and silky; s. striate, yellow, apex red.

=obrusseus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conico-convex, wavy, golden yellow, shining; g. adnato-ventricose, thick, distant; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, subcompressed, glabrous, even, yellow, base tawny; sp. 10-12 x 7.

Tawny base of stem not always evident.

[=citrino-croceus=, Beck. P. convex, flattened, glabrous, shining, citrin-saffron, disc golden, edge whitish, slightly upturned; g. very distant, broad, shortly decur. white; s. solid, subequal white or spotted citrin; sp. 7.5-8.5 x 3.5-5.

=intermedius=, Pass. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. silky-fibrillose, golden then greyish; g. adnate, ventricose, white then yellow; s. 4-7 cm. yellow, fibrillosely striate; sp. 8-9 x 6.

Differs from _H. obrusseus_ in strong mealy smell, and p. becoming grey.

=conicus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conical, acute, often lobed, yellow or tinged crimson; g. nearly free, thin, yellowish; s. 3-9 cm. hollow fibroso-striate, colour of p.; sp. 10-11 x 6-8.

Every part blackish when bruised or old.

[=albus=, Otth. P. conical, obtuse, even, white; g. free, snow-white; s. white, striate, shining.

Differs from _Hygr. conicus_ in colour and obtuse p.

=calyptraeformis=, B. P. 3-7 cm. acutely conical then splitting and exp. clear rose then paler; g. slightly adnexed, tinged rose; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, white; sp. 7 x 4.

Var. _niveus_, Cke. Entirely white.

=chlorophanus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. fragile, very thin, convex, obtuse, viscid, yellow, sometimes crimson; g. emarginate, adnexed, white tinged yellow; s. viscid when moist, even, everywhere yellow, 4-7 cm.; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from _H. conicus_ in not becoming black.

=psittacinus=, Schaeff. P. 1.5-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate, yellow and orange, with green gluten; g. thick, distant, greenish; s. 3-5 cm. glutinous, yellow, apex green; sp. 10 x 5.

=spadiceus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. thin, conical, acute, fibrilloso-virgate, with olive-bay gluten, blackish and shining when dry; g. citrin; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, dry, tawny-fibrillose; sp. 6-7 x 4.

Differs from _H. conicus_ in virgate p. and thicker g. not narrowed behind.

[=squalidus=, Lasch. Fragile. P. campan. exp. gibbous, and with the glabrous hollow s. sooty and glutinous, orange after the gluten has gone; g. thick, livid then fuscous, edge orange.

=unguinosus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. fragile, thin, obtuse, uneven, smooth, with smoky-brown dripping gluten, becoming cracked; g. white; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, with smoky gluten; sp. 10 x 7-8.

[=obscuratus=, Karst. P. fragile, convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose, sooty or livid blackish, mouse-colour when dry; g. sinuato-adnate, whitish or glaucous; s. unequal, usually inflated below, wavy, glabrous, pallid, centre often tinged smoky; sp. 7-10 x 3-5.

=nitratus=, Pers. Smell strong, nitrous. P. 3-5 cm. deformed, viscid, soon dry and squamulose, brownish-grey; g. broad, distant, white then glaucous; s. 4-7 cm. polished, white or tinged yellow; sp. 8 x 5.

There are two forms, a large one in woods, and a smaller one in pastures, structure that of _H. coccineus_, but colours very different. Readily distinguished by the strong nitrous smell.

[=Schulzeri=, Bres. P. hemispher. exp. or depr. dry, even, livid cinnamon; g. distant, subdecur. white then greyish; s. dry, colour of p., apex white-scurfy; inodorous; sp. glob. 3-3.5.

[=glauconitens=, Fr. Rigid. P. fibrillosely virgate, olive-black or sooty then pale; g. glaucous; s. equal, shining; sp. 6-8 x 6-7.

Fries thinks this may be a young state of _H. nitratus_. Smell same but weaker.

[=Marzuolus=, Bres. (= _Clitocybe Marzuolus_, Bres.). P. 4.5-7 cm. s. 4-7 cm. base clavate; sp. 6-7 x 4-5.

Bresadola considers this sp. is the _Clitocybe_ of Fries.

CLITOCYBE, Fr.

A. _P. fleshy, not hygr. pale and silky when dry._

* DISCIFORMES. _P. fleshy, convex then plane or subdepressed._

+ _P. greyish or brownish._

=nebularis=, Batsch. P. 6-12 cm. convex then subgibbous, grey, at first with grey meal; g. narrow, subdecur. crowded, pallid; s. 5-8 cm. narrowed upwards, fibrillose, pale; sp. 6 x 3.5. Edible.

=clavipes=, Pers. P. 3-6 cm. convex then plane, naked, grey or brownish; g. decur. down stem, rather distant; s. obconic, fibrillose, 4-5 cm. livid sooty; sp. 6-7 x 4.

=comitalis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, sooty umber; s. 4-7 cm. obconic, sooty; g. plane, crowded; sp. 7-8 x 4.

=gangraenosa=, Fr. Foetid. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, obtuse, whitish, variegated black, greenish, livid &c.; g. dingy white; s. 3-4 cm. striate, somewhat bulbous; sp. ----.

=polius=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, regular, grey; g. decur. closely crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. equal, glabrous, whitish; sp. ----.

_C. fumosa_ differs in cartilaginous substance, mealy apex of stem, hygr. &c.

=inornata=, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. plane or depr. pale greyish tan often with olive tinge, cuticle separable; g. adnate then decur. grey; s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, greyish; sp. ----.

[=Cardarella=, Fr. Convex then plano-depr. glabrous, shining, covered with a thick separable pellicle, blackish red, very viscid; g. decur. broad, shining white; s. solid, stout, white. Edible.

[=auricula=, D. C. P. hemispher. even, glabrous, edge incurved, naked, greyish brown; g. white; s. solid, glabrous, white.

[=nimbata=, Batsch. P. camp.-convex, even, thin margin incurved, white mealy; g. crowded, arcuate, white; s. solid, innately squamulose, squamules becoming blackish.

[=luscina=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge spreading, naked, fuscous then livid; g. subdecur. crowded; s. solid, short, narrowed downwards, powdered with white meal.

[=curtipes=, Fr. P. exp. oblique, obtuse, brown then pale, flesh brown; g. closely crowded, white; s. short, rigid, fuscous, thickened upwards, pale and subpruinose.

=hirneola=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then plane, silky shining, grey then pale; g. crowded, hoary; s. 4-5 cm. slender, subflexuous, grey, apex with white meal; sp. 5 x 3.

var. _major_, Fr. P. wavy, slightly zoned, whitish.

var. _undulata_, ----. P. exp. slightly wavy and zoned, whitish; s. thickened downwards.

[=dothiophora=, Fr. P. exp. oblique, gibbous, hoary; g. decur. crowded, whitish; s. solid, short, excentric, glabrous.

++ _Pileus violet or rufescent._

=cyanophaea=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane, obtuse, brownish-blue; g. deeply decur. violet then pale; s. 6-7 cm. narrowed upwards, bluish when young, apex abruptly white; sp. ----.

Differs from _Trich. nudum_ in decurrent gills, &c.

[=tyrianthina=, Fr. Exp. even, purplish flesh colour, pellicle separable when dry; g. rosy violet; s. villose then striate.

Differs from _C. gilva_ in springing from a fiery-red mycelium. Somewhat resembling _Trich. personatum_.

=opiparia=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. nearly plane, obtuse, yellowish flesh-colour, shining; g. white, connected by veins; s. 4-7 cm. solid, glabrous, whitish; sp. ----.

=amara=, Fr. Taste very bitter. P. 3-5 cm. plane, obtuse or subumb. floccosely broken up, rufescent; g. crowded, narrow, white; s. 4-5 cm. white, solid, floccose then glabrous; sp. 4 x 2.

[=vulpecula=, Kalchb. P. exp. depr. gilvous-rufescent; g. acutely adnate, narrow; s. hollow, naked, whitish.

=socialis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, yellowish-red; g. tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. reddish, rooting base hairy; sp. ----.

Stem strigose as in _Marasmius personatus_.

+++ _Pileus becoming yellowish._

=amarella=, Pers. Smell strong, taste bitter. P. 4-5 cm. plane, subumb. reddish-yellow or fawn colour; g. tinged grey, shining; s. 4-5 cm. pallid grey, white down at base; sp. ----.

[=veneris=, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, yellow; g. crowded, shining white; s. elastic, glabrous, white.

=vernicosa=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous, gilvous or deep yellow; g. yellow; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ----.

Distinguished from _Trich. cerinum_ by decur. gills.

=venustissima=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, striate, orange, tinged red; g. decur. orange; s. 3-4 cm. long, glabrous, orange-red; sp. 6 x 3.5.

=alutacea=, Cke. and Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then umbil. edge incurved, even, tan; g. narrow, crowded, arcuate, decur. paler than p.; s. 3-4 cm. smooth, pale; sp. 6 x 4.

=subalutacea=, Batsch. P. 3-5 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, yellowish then pale; g. broad, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. firm, elastic, glabrous; sp. ----.

++++ _Pileus greenish or pallid._

=odora=, Sow. Smell fragrant. P. 4-5 cm. wavy, pale, dingy opaque green; g. adnate, not crowded, pallid; s. 3-4 cm. elastic; sp. 6-8 x 4-5.

=Trogii=, Fr. Smell fragrant. P. 4-5 cm. compact, greyish white; g. crowded, white; s. 4-5 cm. whitish, solid; sp. ----.

Stouter than _C. odora_, and p. greyish, not green.

[=vilis=, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. glabrous, pellucidly striate, livid, pallid when dry; g. decur. pallid; s. equal, wavy, glabrous, umber, apex white-scurfy, livid when dry; sp. 2.5-3.5 x 2.

[=bifurcata=, Weinm. P. exp. rather silky, clay-colour then pale, edge substriate; g. adnato-decur. simple or bifurcate, white; s. fibrillose.

=rivulosa=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. exp. or depr. obtuse, flesh-colour, rufescent &c. then pale, glabrous then with white down; g. broad, rather crowded, faintly tinged pink; s. 4-5 cm. tough, rather fibrillose, whitish; sp. 6 x 3.5.

var. _neptunea_, Cke. Smaller than type.

[=rigidata=, Karst. P. rigid, plane, depr. unequal, even, glabrous, pallid then whitish; g. adnate, pallid; s. thickened upwards, often compr. rooting, pallid; sp. 4-5 x 2-3.

+++++ _Pileus white, shining when dry._

=cerussata=, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. plane, obtuse, even, subglabrous; g. closely crowded, adnate; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, elastic; sp. ----.

var. _difformis_. Tufted, p. lobed; s. rugose; g. pallid.

var. _obtextus_, Lasch. Snow-white. P. fibrillosely interwoven then glabrous, rather viscid; g. subdecur. crowded.

[=puellula=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, subumb. even, glabrous, shining white; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. subequal, straight, elastic, white with blackish squamules; sp. 9-12 x 5-7.

Allied to _Clito. cerrusatus_ but smaller and with black squamules on stem.

[=adsentiens=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, even, at length scaly, white; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. short, base thickened, white with blackish scales; sp. ----.

=phyllophila=, Fr. Whitish-tan. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, umbil. not becoming pale, veil forming a silvery zone near margin; g. rather distant, white then pallid; silky-fibrous, tough, 5-8 cm.; sp. 6 x 4.

=pithyophila=, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, becoming shining white; g. crowded, permanently white; s. 4-5 cm. often compr. base downy; sp. ----.

=tornata=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 cm. orbicular, subdepr. glabrous, shining; g. rather crowded; s. stuffed, glabrous, 3-4 cm.; 4-6 x 3-4.

Very regular in form.

var. _opala_, Fr. White. P. viscid.

[=olorina=, Fr. Whitish. P. exp. even, glabrous; s. hollow, rigid, cylindrical, squamulose; g. subdecur. crowded.

=candicans=, Pers. White. P. 2-3 cm. plane or subdepr. umbil. with adpressed silkiness, shining white when dry; g. adnate then decur. crowded; s. 3-5 cm. subfistulose, cartilaginous, shining; sp. 5-6 x 4.

=dealbata=, Sow. White. P. 2-3 cm. plane then upturned and wavy, glabrous, rather shining; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. 2-3 cm. entirely fibrous, thin, equal, stuffed; sp. 4-5 x 2.5.

=gallinacea=, Scop. White, taste acrid. P. depr. even, dry, opaque; g. crowded, narrow; s. 2-3 cm. equal, even, solid; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. dealbata_ in dingy white, opaque p. and acrid taste.

** DIFFORMES. _Pileus fleshy at the disc, margin thin, umb. at
first, then exp. depr. and irregular._

=decastes=, Fr. Clustered. P. 10-25 cm. wavy, subumb. glabrous, uniformly dingy brown or livid, then pale; g. crowded, wavy, white; s. 9-16 cm. long, solid, glabrous, white, apex pruinose; sp. globose, 4-5.

=subdecastes=, Cke. and Mass. Clustered. P. 3-5 cm. convex, obtuse, ochre, paler towards lobed margin; g. crowded, white; s. 8-12 cm. fibrillose, whitish; sp. globose, 4-5.

=ampla=, Pers. P. 7-12 cm. convex then exp. wavy, sooty then livid, even; g. broad, smoky then dingy white; s. 9-14 cm. subcartilaginous, naked, white, apex somewhat downy; sp. ----.

[=molybdina=, Bull. P. camp. exp. umb. glabrous, sooty, disc livid rufous, then pale; g. horn colour then pallid; s. stout, fibrillosely striate, mealy squamulose upwards, pallid.

[=coffeata=, Fr. P. brownish fawn then sooty grey, fawn colour and shining when dry, virgate or spotted; g. decur. dingy white, as is also the glabrous s.

=aggregata=, Schaeff. Tufted. P. 5-9 cm. wavy, greyish or reddish yellow, then pale, silkily virgate; g. yellowish flesh colour; s. 7-10 cm. fibrillose, narrowed below and often grown together at base; sp. ----.

[=hortensis=, Pers. Caespitose, elastic. P. exp. obsoletely umb. sooty, blackish; g. decur. white then flesh-colour; s. hollow, rather wavy.

[=tabescens=, Scop. (= _Coll. tabescens_, Fr.). P. conico-campan. exp. umb. depr. round umbo, tawny honey-colour, or tawny-brown, disc scaly; g. decur. pallid then pinkish tan; s. fibrillosely scaly, pallid or lurid yellow, elongated; sp. 8-10 x 5-7.

Closely resembling _Armillaria mellea_, but no ring on stem.

[=anapacta=, Pers. P. depr. wavy, brown, edge incurved; g. broad, dingy tan; s. narrowed below, pallid.

=elixa=, Sow. P. 5-9 cm. unequal, wavy, disc umb. smoky buff, edge paler; g. distant; s. 3-5 cm. solid, dingy, subfloccose; sp. 7 x 4.

=fumosa=, Pers. Tufted. P. 3-5 cm. subcartilaginous, obtuse, wavy, sooty brown then pale; g. adnate, livid; s. 5-8 cm. often twisted, dingy, apex minutely mealy; sp. subgl. 5-6.

Differs from _C. elixa_ in obtuse, non-virgate p.

[=effocatella=, Viv. Caespitose. P. convex, even, glabrous, livid chestnut or umber; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. naked, ventricose below.

=tumulosa=, Kalchbr. Tufted. P. 2.5 cm. umb. even, umber then pale; g. soon greyish; s. 8-12 cm. solid, dingy, floccosely pruinose; sp. ----.

=pergamena=, Cke. Tufted. P. 2-5 cm. convex then plane, subumb. pallid; g. broadly adnate with decur. tooth, white; s. 8-12 cm. whitish, apex squamulose; cartilaginous; sp. ----.

[=humosa=, Fr. P. fragile, exp. wavy, fuscous; g. adfixed, both ends narrowed; s. short, whitish like the gills.

[=adunata=, Secr. Tufted, foetid. P. exp. gibbous then depr. white becoming spotted red then rufous, becoming viscid; g. decur. crowded, eroded, dingy red; s. stout, twisted, narrowed below, whitish.

=cryptarum=, Letell. Tufted. P. somewhat conical, flocculose, spotted brown; g. decur. narrow, white; s. white, striate.

A doubtful species.

[=hebepodia=, Fr. P. exp. depr. unequal, even, grey then pale; g. decur. white; s. woolly, white.

[=connata=, Schum. Shining white. P. conical exp. unequal, moist, obtuse umbo disappearing; g. unequally decur. narrow, crowded; stems numerous, hollow, collected at base into a tuberous mass.

=opaca=, Fr. White. P. 3-6 cm. umb. often depr. and wavy, minutely flocculose; g. closely crowded; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, wavy; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. cerrusata_ in umbonate p.

=occulta=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. depr. virgate, viscid, disc smoky rest whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid, white; sp. ----.

=monstrosa=, Sow. P. 3-5 cm. umb. wavy, opaque white; g. adnato-decur. creamy; s. 2-4 cm. opaque white, streaked; sp. ----.

=marzuola=, Fr. P. compact, exp. subdepr. even, wavy, dusky; g. unequally decur.; s. stout, short, white.

*** INFUNDIBILIFORMES. _Pileus fleshy at disc, thinner towards the
margin, becoming deeply umbilicate or infundibuliform._

+ _Pileus coloured, or becoming pallid, silky._

=gigantea=, Sow. (= _Pax. giganteus_, Fr.) P. 12-20 cm. infundib. whitish or tinged tan, edge coarsely striate; g. closely crowded; s. pallid, solid, glabrous, 3-5 cm.; sp. 5 x 3.

=maxima=, Fr. 12-25 cm. infundib. subumb. whitish or tinged tan, edge even; g. deeply decur.; s. 7-10 cm. compact, fibrillosely striate, whitish; sp. 6 x 4.

=infundibiliformis=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. convex, umb. then infundib. yellowish pink then pale, innately silky; g. deeply decur.; s. 5-7 cm. thinner upwards, pallid; sp. 5-6 x 3-4.

var. _membranacea_, Fr. P. not umb.; s. equal; altogether more slender than type.

[=squamulosa=, Pers. P. obtuse, tan, squamulose, at first obtuse, deeply infundib.; g. decur. distant, white; s. narrowed upwards, elastic.

[=nauseosodulcis=, Karst. Very foetid when old. P. irregular, convex then plane, glabrous, often areolately squamulose, entirely clay-colour; g. decur. pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, usually unequal and curved, solid, whitish; sp. 7-8 x 5.

Connato-caespitose, resembling _Pleurotus sapidus_.

[=Panizzii=, Barla. Caespitose. P. convex then umbil. or infundib. white or grey, edge lobed, wavy; g. thin, narrow, striately decur. pale or tinged rose; s. long, wavy, white; flesh elastic, white.

=trullaeformis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse then infundib. edge spreading, greyish brown, floccosely villose; g. decur. connected by veins; s. 4-5 cm. striate, grey; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. cyathiforme_ in pure white flesh and gills.

=incilis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plane then umbil. or infundib. margin silky, incurved, crenate, brick red; g. white then pallid, connected by veins; s. 1-2 cm. base narrowed, red; sp. 7 x 4.

[=pulla=, Gill. P. depr. then infundib. glabrous, hygr. brown then pale; g. united by veins, lilac grey; s. swollen at base which is downy, colour of p. white-fibrillose below, wavy.

Near _C. obbata_, which differs in striate margin, equal s. and distant gills.

[=lenticulosa=, Gill. P. exp. umbil. then infundib. dry, reddish orange, tuberculose near the even edge; g. crowded, white then tinged rose, finally colour of p.; s. solid, paler than p.

Differs from _C. lentiginosa_ in solid s. and edge of p. not striate.

=sinopica=, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2-3 cm. brick red then pale, plane then umbil. at length flocculose; g. closely crowded, white then yellow; s. red, fibrillose, 3-5 cm.; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. incilis_ in solid stem, even edge of p. and yellowish g.

[=Arnoldi=, Boud. P. depr. then infundib. wavy, subtomentose, minutely squamulose, ochrey brick-red; g. whitish; s. colour of p. fibrillose below; sp. 9-11 x 5-6.

[=lentiginosa=, Fr. P. plane, deeply umbil. with concentric zones of minute tubercles, yellowish ochre; g. deeply decur. yellow; s. hollow, equal, yellowish fuscous.

=parilis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. disc depr. edge involute, greyish white, ornately flocculose; g. narrow, greyish white; s. 2.3 cm. fibrous, sooty; sp. ----.

++ _Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous._

=geotropa=, Bull. P. 5-12 cm. plane then infundib. obtusely umb. pallid; g. crowded, white then pallid; s. 7-12 cm. solid, fibrillose, flesh white; sp. 6-7 x 4-5.

[=candida=, Bres. Large. P. fleshy, plano-convex then depr. edge involute, even, pubescent, white becoming tinged tan; g. much crowded, narrow, attenuato-decur. white then pallid; s. stout, short, white; flesh white; sp. 7 x 3.

Close to _C. geotropa_ and _C. gigantea_. Differs in pure white colour and in sp.

=gilva=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. soon depr. and wavy, dingy ochre, flesh same colour; g. closely crowded, ochre; s. 2-2.5 cm. solid, ochre; sp. subgl. 4-5.

=subinvoluta=, Batsch. P. 5-8 cm. convex then depr. tinged brick red, fibrillose, zoned; g. pale tan; s. 4-5 cm. reddish, grooved; sp. ----.

=spinulosa=, W. G. Sm. P. 3-5 cm. depr. gibbous, yellowish pink, edge even, incurved; g. white then pale yellow; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, whitish, zoned with tan; sp. globose, spinulose, 8-9.

=splendens=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. plane then depr. or infund. pinkish-yellow, shining; g. deeply decur. white; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. gilva_ in white flesh.

=inversus=, Scop. P. 5-9 cm. convex then infundib. edge involute, rufescent; g. soon tinged rufous; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, rigid, paler than p. flesh pallid; sp. subg. 4-5. Often tufted.

=flaccidus=, Sow. P. 5-8 cm. thin, flaccid, umbil. then infund. edge reflexed, tawny or rusty; g. yellowish; s. 3-4 cm. rusty, rather wavy; sp. 4-5 x 3-4. Often tufted.

var. _lobatus_, Fr. Tufted. P. darker, edge lobed.

[=rhodoleuca=, Rom. Fleshy, almost glabrous, in dry weather pure white except gills which are tinted rose; in rainy weather everywhere inside and out deep rose, gills darkest. P. obconic, convex or almost flattened above; sp. 6-9 x 5-6.5.

[=zizyphana=, Viv. P. convex then infundib. often excentric, rufous brown, flesh reddish white; g. yellow; s. equal, pallid.

[=cervina=, Hoffm. P. plano-infundib. oblique, glabrous, edge convex, greyish fawn, subzoned; g. pallid, edge darker; s. cylindrical, base tuberous.

[=garidelli=, Fr. P. convex, at first umbil. edge incurved, deep rose to flesh colour; g. decur. crowded, edge red; s. short, stout, flesh colour. Edible.

[=ambigua=, Karst. P. tough, orbicular, convex, obtuse, glabrous, even, pallid rufous tinged pink then pale; g. adnato-decur. pallid; s. glabrous, wavy, whitish, base woolly; sp. 4-5 x 3.

[=paropsis=, Fr. P. plano-depr. glabrous, edge spreading, flaccid, rufous or flesh-colour; g. narrow, shining white; s. cylindrical, base rather bulbous.

=vermicularis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, umbil. then infund. edge incurved, often wavy, reddish tan then pale, flesh same colour; g. closely crowded, white; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, elastic, striate, paler than p.; sp. 5 x 3.

[=cacaba=, Fr. P. flaccid, infundib. glabrous, edge broadly reflexed, sooty; g. very deeply decur. closely crowded, dark grey; s. striate, base thickened, downy.

=senilis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. infundib. brownish tan, concentrically cracked, edge spreading; g. narrow, soon colour of p.; s. 2-3 cm. solid, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5-6 x 4.

+++ _Pileus clear white._

=catina=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plane then infundib. glabrous, white, discoloured when old; g. decur. somewhat crowded, white; s. 3-7 cm. elastic, white; sp. ----.

_C. infundibiliformis_ differs in not being umb. and in being glabrous. _C. phyllophila_ differs in adnate gills.

=tuba=, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. umbil. margin even, shining with a silky lustre when dry; g. broad, closely crowded, decur.; s. 4-5 cm. equal, soon hollow and compressed; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. pithyophila_ in umbil. p.; g. deeply decurrent.

=ericetorum=, Bull. White. P. 2-3 cm. fleshy, subturbinate, glabrous, shining when dry; g. distant, connected by veins; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous; sp. ----.

Resembling _Hygr. niveus_ in appearance.

B. _Pileus thin, hygrophanous, soft, watery._

**** CYATHIFORMES. _P. thin, depressed then cup-shaped. Colour
dingy when moist._

=cyathiformis=, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. deeply depr. edge incurved, sooty-brown then pale; g. dingy; s. 5-9 cm. stuffed, elastic, narrowed upwards, reticulately fibrillose, sooty; sp. ----.

var. _cinerascens_, Fr. Smaller. P. pale grey-brown; g. tinged yellow.

=expallens=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. plane then deeply depr. greyish brown then pale, margin soon expanded; g. greyish white; s. 4-5 cm. greyish white, hollow, equal; sp. ----.

=obbata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plane, umbil. then deeply depr. sooty brown, edge at length striate; g. decur. distant, greyish, pruinose with white; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, greyish brown, hollow; sp. ----.

[=fritilliformis=, Lasch. Convex-umbil. then infundib. glabrous, grey then pallid, becoming fuscescent when dry, edge sublobed; g. thickish, pallid; s. subtomentose, thickened upwards.

[=calatha=, Fr. P. exp. infundib. hygr. edge soon spreading, even, sooty; g. deeply decur. violet then reddish; s. solid, tough, striately rugose, narrowed below, violet then reddish.

=pruinosa=, Lasch. P. 4-5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. brown, powdered with grey bloom; g. decur. crowded, narrow, dingy; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, pallid; sp. ----.

=concava=, Scop. P. 3-5 cm. broadly and deeply umbil. flaccid, wavy, dark grey; g. decur. narrow, smoky; s. 2-3 cm. equal, glabrous, grey; sp. ----.

[=vibecina=, Fr. P. exp. then infundib. greyish livid then pale, margin soon extended, striate; g. deeply decur. greyish white; s. hollow, glabrous, rather wavy.

[=Queletii=, Fr. P. convex, umbil. whitish with brown squamules when dry; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. flocculose, whitish.

=suaveolens=, Fr. Fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. convex then concave, discoid, buff, hygr. margin striate; gills crowded, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. thinner upwards, tinged brown; sp. 8 x 5.

Among grass. Differs from _C. fragrans_ in concave pileus with striate margin.

=brumalis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. flaccid, glabrous, wavy, livid, pale when dry; g. pallid; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, whitish, often curved; sp. 4-5 x 3-4.

***** ORBIFORMES. _Pileus rather fleshy, convex then flattened or
depressed, polished; g. adnate; dingy, becoming pale._

+ _Gills grey or olive._

=orbiformis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convexo-plane, even, smoky grey; g. greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. naked, narrowed upwards, grey; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. cyathiforme_ in plane p.

[=applanata=, Secr. P. exp. disc depr. flaccid, lurid then hoary; g. greyish white; s. fuscous with white down, pallid and silky fibrillose upwards.

[=insignis=, Gill. P. conical, convex, then exp. edge more or less wavy and upturned, much depr. round strong umbo, even, glabrous, red, umb. rusty; g. closely crowded, clear white; s. cylindrical, solid, colour of p.

[=papillata=, Gillet. P. convex then exp. with a little persistent brown umbo, glabrous, hygr. slightly striate, clear reddish; g. pallid; s. subequal, wavy, white-pruinose, apex colour of p.

[=radicellata=, Godey. P. convex, umbil. purplish brown, grey-pruinose; g. crowded, soon yellowish grey; s. equal, curved, colour of g. with a white bloom, base white with a number of branched strands.

[=ochracea=, Gill. P. irreg. umb. uniformly ochre, silky or pruinose; g. distant; s. excentric, colour deeper than p.

[=macrophylla=, Karst. P. thin, convex, orbicular, livid-white then paler and shining; g. adnate, very broad, triangular, white; s. wavy, whitish, glabrous, base thickened; sp. ----.

[=lepiphylla=, Gill. P. convex then depr. uniformly pale grey then pallid; g. decur. tinged grey; s. elastic, wavy, grey, with a white bloom, with longitudinal whitish striae.

=metachroa=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane then depr. brownish grey, then livid, at last pallid; g. pale grey; s. 2-3 cm. grey, apex mealy; sp. ----.

=zygophylla=, Cke. and Mass. P. 4-7 cm. thin, wavy, slightly depr. greyish ochre then pallid, edge plicate; g. deeply decur. grey, veined; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, pallid; sp. 8 x 4.

=pausiaca=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, umber with olive tinge, often silky; g. adnate, olive; s. 4-6 cm. striate, coloured like p., apex powdery; sp. ----.

=ditopa=, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2-3 cm. plane then depr. brownish grey then pale, often wavy; g. adnate, dusky grey; s. 2.3 cm. hollow; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. metachroa_ in mealy smell.

[=nubila=, Fr. P. exp. umb. livid then tan, glabrous; g. subdecur. rather distant, brownish tan; s. slender, apex pruinose.

[=obola=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous, hygr. livid then whitish; g. adnate, livid; s. equal, thin, striate, naked, livid.

++ _Gills whitish._

=diatreta=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. plane then depr. edge involute, pubescent, often wavy, flesh colour then pallid tan; g. with an acute decur. tooth, crowded, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. pallid, straight, terete; sp. ----.

=fragrans=, Sow. Smell strong, spicy, 2-3 cm. depr. pallid; g. subdecur. rather crowded; s. 4-5 cm. elastic, glabrous; sp. ----.

_C. suaveolens_ differs in cup-shaped p. and brownish stem.

=angustissima=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plano-depr. edge spreading, pallid, shining white when dry; g. subdecur. narrow, closely crowded; s. 4-5 cm. white, naked, flexuous; sp. 5 x 3.

[=isabellina=, Q. P. yellowish white, umb. hygr.; g. thick, often branched, whitish; s. fistulose, wavy, white, base narrowed.

=obsoletus=, Batsch. Smell spicy, but weak. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. even, pale pinky tan, pale when dry; g. obtusely adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. elastic, soon hollow, whitish; sp. ----.

[=mortuosa=, Fr. P. plano-depr. umber or brown then pale, even; g. adnate, closely crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, glabrous, compr. whitish.

[=gyrans=, Fr. P. convex-umb. even, glabrous, hygr. edge broadly incurved, whitish; g. crowded, white; s. hollow, glabrous.

****** VERSIFORMES. _Pileus thin, convex then deformed, squamulose
or furfuraceous; g. adnate, broad; usually distant and powdered
with the white spores._

=ectypa=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. then depr. revolute, dingy yellow or rufescent, slightly streaked with dark fibrils, edge slightly striate; g. adnate, pallid then spotted with red and powdered with the spores; s. 5-10 cm. dingy yellowish, fibrillose; sp. 9 x 6.

[=difformis=, Pers. P. convex, plane, subumbil. glabrous, hygr. striate when moist, even when dry, at length subsquamulose, livid then whitish; g. adnate, distant; s. hollow, glabrous, shining.

var. _stygia_, Fr. P. campan. umbil.; g. adnexed, ventricose; s. long, slender.

[=incompta=, Fr. P. plane then depr. blackish olive, virgate with adglutinated blackish fibrils, viscid; g. pale grey; s. fibrillosely striate, grey.

[=xanthophylla=, Bres. P. convex-umbil. dry greyish-hoary, virgate especially at centre with brownish fibrils; g. decur. clear yellow; s. greyish-white, fibrillose.

[=nigropunctata=, Secr. P. exp. umb. whitish, mealy, disc dotted with black; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. hollow, striate with black.

[=pachyphylla=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, dingy yellow or rufescent, floccosely squamulose; g. thick, distant, yellow; s. tough, yellow.

var. _absinthiata_. P. scurfy-squamulose, brown-ochre; g. very broad, grey then pallid.

=bella=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. exp. depr. or umbil. orange yellow with darker squamules; g. yellow, connected by veins, mealy; s. 4-5 cm. yellowish; sp. 6-7, subgl. warted.

=laccata=, Scop. (= _Laccaria_, B. and Br.). P. exp. subumbil. irreg. mealy subsquamulose, violet or brown, whitish when dry, 2-4 cm.; g. thick, distant, coloured like p., mealy; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous, colour of p.; sp. globose, warted, 8-9.

=proxima=, Boud. P. 2-3 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, yellowish-brown; g. adnato-decurrent, pinkish; s. 6-7 cm. even, smooth, paler than pileus; sp. 7 x 3.5.

Resembling the brown form of _C. laccata_, differing in the elliptical, warted spores and glabrous pileus.

[=sandicina=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umbil. deformed, even, hygr. at length greyish-mealy; g. adnate, crowded, purplish, almost naked; s. hollow, unequal, glabrous, purplish.

[=grumata=, Scop. P. campan.-convex, glabrous, cracked into squamules, disc depr. yellow; g. broadly adnate, distant, white; s. equal, pallid.

=sadleri=, Berk. This is only an abnormal condition of _Hypholoma fasciculare_.

OMPHALIA, Fr.