Chapter D: RESUPINATE. Pileus cup-shaped at first, fixed by the vertex,

then subreflexed._

* _Growing on mosses._

[=bryophilus=, Fr. P. thin, cupulate, white, vertex forming a stem-like point of attachment, villose; g. broad, dichot., radiating from centre.

Gills acute, much resembling an Agaric.

[=juranus=, Q. and Pat. (= _Dictyolus_.) P. wavy, 1-2 mm. diam. snow-white, becoming split, thin, downy, springing from cobweb-like mycelium; g. fold-like, branched, broad, thin, white then cream; sp. 6-7 long.

Close to _C. bryophilus_.

=retirugus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. thin, exp. wavy and lobed, greyish-white, adfixed by fibrils behind; g. radiating from centre, very thin, reticulated; sp. 10 x 8.

=lobatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, lobed, brown then pale; g. fold-like, distinct, branched, divergent; sp. ----.

[=muscorum=, Fr. P. thin, gelatinous, ear-shaped, dingy rufous, glabrous; g. crisped, folds divided near the margin of p.; sp. 3-4 x 2-3.

** _Growing on wood._

[=applicatus=, Lev. P. lobed, margin byssoid, tomentose, white; g. vein-like, radiating from the centre, forked, white.

[=odorus=, Wetts. Reddish-yellow, strongly-scented. P. entire, solid, fleshy, convex then turbinate or subconcave, often umbil. or subwavy, glabrous, edge slightly incurved; g. thick, forked, decur.; s. solid, glabrous; sp. subgl. 3-4.

[=crucibulum=, Fr. P. cup-shaped, downy, white; g. dichotomous, broad, dingy yellow, edge obtuse.

[=Coemansii=, Rab. P. campan. tomentose, whitish, edge incurved; g. fold-like, somewhat forked, cinnamon.

ARRHENIA, Fr.

* _Stem lateral._

[=auriscalpium=, Fr. Brown. P. thin, convex, glabrous; g. vein-like, few, distant, simple; s. exactly lateral, straight, downy.

Resembling _Hyduum auriscalpium_ in form, but smaller.

** _Pileus sessile._

[=tenella=, Fr. P. .5-1 cm. effuso-reflexed, thin, soft, blackish, becoming lobed; g. vein-like, simple, with shorter ones, dark.

[=cupularis=, Fr. P. 2-3 mm. resupinate, soft, orbicular, outside even, downy, grey; g. vein-like, simple, radiating from centre.

Resembles young condition of _Pleurotus applicatus_.

[=fimicola=, Bagl. P. resupinate, thin, concavo-patellate, flesh-colour, with a byssoid border; veins very slight, distant.

NYCTALIS, Fr.

A. SPELEAE. _Gills crowded, more or less coalescent. Very doubtful,
probably morbid forms of Agarics._

[=verpoides=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, brown; g. very thick, coalescent; s. equal, rigid, striate, glabrous.

[=cryptarum=, Secr. Foetid. P. conico-deformed, brown; g. adnexed, undulate, subcoalescent, flocculose, fleshy-grey; s. unequal, flexuose, hoary-fibrillose.

[=canaliculata=, Pers. P. pallid white, oblique, subumbil. almost glabrous; g. crowded, distinct, almost simple, edge slightly canaliculate; s. solid, subundulate, naked.

=caliginosa=, W. G. Sm. P. subumb. edge incurved, greyish, white and silky when dry, 1 cm.; g. subdecur. thick, narrow, branched, grey; s. 3-5 cm. often inflated, whitish, silky, hollow, rusty inside; sp. 5 x 3.

B. PARASITAE. _Gills distinct from each other, distant. Growing on
decaying fungi._

[=nauseosa=, Weinm. Smell nauseous. P. fleshy, globose then hemisph. ochraceous, pulverulent, edge involute; g. distant, forked, pallid; s. fistulose, thick, obliquely sulcate and twisted, pallid.

Larger than _N. asterophora_.

=asterophora=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. conical then hemispher. fawn, mealy with large stellate conidia; g. adnate, distant, rather forked, dingy; s. 1-1.5 cm. whitish pruinose then brownish, twisted; sp. 3 x 2.

=parasitica=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then exp. irreg. with grey meal formed of large, elliptical, smooth conidia; g. adnate, thick, distant, then forked and anastomosing, dusky; s. 2-6 cm. whitish, floccosely downy; sp. 5 x 3.5.

[=microphylla=, Corda. P. hemispher. soft, glabrous, naked, white; g. adnate, entire, dingy white; s. glabrous, bluish.

[=vopiscus=, Fr. P. cup-shaped, reflexed then recurved, pallid; g. thick, radiating from centre; s. short, excentric, curved, flocculose, pallid.

LENTINUS, Fr.

A. MESOPODES. _Pileus subentire; stem distinct._

* _Pileus squamulose._

=tigrinus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. orbicular, umbil. whitish, with blackish innate scales; g. very narrow, tinged yellow; s. 3-5 cm. slender, squamulose; sp. 7 x 3.5.

=Dunalii=, Fr. P. umbil. deformed, pallid with spot-like adpressed scales which disappear; g. crowded, pallid; s. 1.5-2 cm. rather silky; sp. ----.

=lepideus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. tough, depr. irreg. pale ochre breaking up into darker spot-like scales; g. sinuato-decur. broad, whitish; s. 2-3 cm. stout, rooting, tomentosely squamulose; sp. 7 x 3. (10-14 x 6 Sacc.)

var. _contiguus_, Fr. P. thinner, plano-depr. and with the slender stem, even.

[=gallicus=, Q. P. ivory colour with tawny lilac flecks, then areolate; s. pubescent, white, apex sulcate, then torn into scales, flesh coloured; g. white, decur. in lines; sp. 10-12 long.

[=sitaneus=, Fr. P. elastic, convex, unequal, grey, fibrillosely scaly; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing; s. firm, curved, fibrillose.

[=degener=, Kalchb. P. hemispher. exp. ochre with tawny scales; g. very narrow, anastomosing; s. stout, scaly, base blackish.

[=contortus=, Fr. P. orbicular, umbil. tawny rufescent with darker scales; g. crowded, subdecur.; s. twisted, subsulcate, squamulose.

[=Queletii=, Schulz. P. at first regular, edge incurved, umber, then depr. edge wavy and split, and becoming pale or almost white, scaly; g. pale ochre, edge torn; s. branched, excentric, colour of p. squamulose; sp. 7-8 x 3.

** _Pileus villose or pulverulent._

=leontopodius=, Schulz. P. 7-16 cm. tough, irreg. slightly tomentose, disc depr. tan, edge bent down, lobed; g. decur. connected by veins, sides rugose; s. 6-9 cm. stout, woody, pulverulent, tan, base blackish; sp. 12-15 long.

[=domesticus=, Karst. Very large. P. tough, edge thin, subinfundib. oblique, irregular, cuticle broken up into darker adpressed revolute scales, rusty; g. deeply decur. toothed, narrowed at both ends, very broad, pale tawny rusty then reddish; s. excentric, solid, rusty, squamulose; sp. 3-5 x 2-3.

[=hornotinus=, Fr. P. deformed, pulverulent, grey; g. crowded, white; s. caespitosely branched, unequal, rather woody.

[=pulverulentus=, Scop. P. tough, convex, yellow, white-pulverulent; g. toothed, white; s. stout, equal, rigid, with white powder.

[=lusitanicus=, Kalchb. P. oblique, not compact, depr. sublobed, tomentose, becoming naked, tan; g. decur. crowded, anastomosing, white; s. short, excentric or lateral, solid, even, glabrous, colour of p.; sp. ----.

=resinaceus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. tough, excentric, cinnamon-ochre, villose, matted with resin; g. crowded, shining white; s. 2 cm. partly hollow, downy; sp. ----.

=adhaerens=, A. and S. P. 2-3 cm. tough, irreg. lacunose, rather pulverulent; g. decur. in lines, very thin, torn, white; s. colour of p. glutinous, rooting; sp. ----.

P. and s. appear as if lacquered from the dried gluten.

*** _Pileus glabrous._

[=suffrutescens=, Fr. P. tough, convex then infundib. glabrous, somewhat rusty; g. crenato-torn, yellowish; s. elongated, somewhat branched, woody.

[=auricolor=, Brig. Subcaespitose, golden yellow, oblique; g. decur.; s. fibroso-woody, subexcentric, distorted.

[=anisatus=. P. tough, subflabelliform or obliquely subinfundib. somewhat lobed, whitish; g. decur. tinged yellow, edge entire; s. lateral or excentric, short, pallid; sp. 6-7 x 3.5.

[=jugis=, Fr. White. P. irreg. lobed, glabrous, rather viscid; g. dentate; s. short, irreg. scaly.

[=umbellatus=, Fr. P. tough, umbil. pervious, glabrous, yellowish grey; g. very narrow, white; s. branched, sulcate.

=cochleatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. tough, flaccid, irreg. depr. or infundib. reddish cinnamon; g. crowded, serrate, pinkish white; s. solid, length variable, several frequently more or less grown together, sulcate, glabrous; sp. ----.

Edible. Smell sometimes spicy, at others almost none.

[=friabilis=, Fr. Caespitose, fleshy-fibrous, fragile, becoming pale. P. thin, subdimidiate, umbilicate, pervious into partly hollow contorted s.; g. crowded, narrow.

[=omphalodes=, Fr. Solitary. P. thin, tough, at first deeply umbil. livid straw-colour then pale, limb convex then exp. and wavy; g. decur. arcuate, pallid; s. central, thin, tough, glabrous, scrobiculate.

[=bisus=, Q. P. tough, convex, exp. deeply umbil. irreg. excentric, edge lobed, livid grey, umbil. fuscous; g. sinuato-decur. greyish white, edge toothed; s. brown, longitudinally sulcate, twisted, excentric; sp. glob. 4-5.

[=badius=, Bres. P. thin, tough, regular, excentric, or subdimidiate, with longitudinal cristate veins, bay then pale; g. very distant, edge deeply and irreg. crenate; s. short, greyish-lilac; sp. 5-6 x 4-4.5.

[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. (= _L. divisus_, Schulz.) P. soon irreg. infundib. wavy and sinuate, glabrous, even, pale smoky fuscous; g. distant, spuriously decur.; s. very tough, obconic, subrooting, tinged reddish; sp. 8-10 long.

[=hispidosus=, Fr. Caespitose. P. thin, subdimidiate, lobed, infundib. hispidly scaly, rusty, edge torn, proliferous; g. serrulate; s. many, growing out of each other.

B. PLEUROTI. _Dimidiate, sessile or with a sublateral stem._

=scoticus=, B. and Br. P. 2-5 cm. thin, umbil. or infundib. smooth, pallid or brownish, hygr.; g. decur. when stem is present, pallid, strongly toothed; s. excentric or lateral, variable, darker than p. springing from a branched brown mycelium; sp. 5-6 x 4.

=fimbriatus=, Currey. P. 1-2 cm. thin, depr. behind, pale fawn with darker scales, margin hairy; g. narrow, tinged brown; s. .5 cm. thin, whitish; sp. ----.

[=ursinus=, Fr. P. sessile, imbricated, ear-shaped, ascending, even, rufous brown, brownish tomentose behind with age, edge entire, glabrous; g. broad, torn, whitish.

[=castoreus=, Fr. P. subsessile, imbricate, pilei tongue-shaped, glabrous, subrugose, rufous then tan, edge involute, entire; g. closely crowded, rufescent.

=vulpinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. tough, shell-shaped, imbricate, connate behind, longitudinally corrugated with ribs, floccoso-scrupose, tan, edge incurved, entire; g. broad, torn, white; sp. glob. 2.

[=auricula=, Fr. White, caespitosely imbricated, p. dimidiate, sessile, ascending, glabrous, at length revolute; g. linear, densely crenulate; sp. glob. 3.

Habit of _Pleur. porrigens_.

[=suavissimis=, Fr. Smell very pleasant. Subsessile, white, thin, peltate, even, glabrous; g. dentate, decurrent from base, anastomosing.

=flabelliformis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. subsessile, thin, tough, reniform, glabrous, fawn-colour, edge crenato-fimbriate; g. broad, torn, pallid.

[=tomentellus=, Karst. Subsessile, imbricately tufted, coriaceous, p. horizontal, tongue-shaped or obovoid, tomentose, whitish then tinged rufescent, yellowish when dry, edge wavy, incurved; g. much crowded, narrow, whitish, tinged red when dry, edge toothed.

[=hygrophanus=, Harz. P. conchate, woolly, digitately lobed, white then yellowish ochre, glabrous, hygr. fragile, fixed by a narrow lateral point; g. densely and acutely dentato-serrate; sp. glob. 3-3.5.

PANUS, Fr.

* _Pileus irregular; stem excentric._

[=farneus=, Fr. P. compact, hard, irreg. circinate, nearly plane, unequal, dingy yellow; g. adnate, crowded; s. short, glabrous, sulcate, pinkish.

[=cyathiformis=, Schaeff. P. obliquely cup-shaped, wavy, squamulose, brick-red then pale; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. very short, even, firm, excentric.

[=fulvidus=, Bres. P. tough, thin, convex or subcampan. exp. gibbous or umb. tawny then pale, with brown squamules, edge fibrilloso-sulcate; g. almost free, white; s. solid, white, narrowed to a rooting base, apex sulcate; sp. 12-18 x 6-9.

[=urnula=, Fr. Subsessile, imbricated. P. subexcentric, urniform, even, glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry, edge lobed; g. attenuato-decur. grey.

[=vaporarius=, Bagl. Caespitose imbricate. P. subcoriaceous, base narrowed, erect, spathulate then utriculiform, undulately lobed, pruinose, dingy white then livid violet; g. decur. very narrow, tinged rose.

=conchatus=, Fr. P. tough, thin, unequal, excentric, dimidiate, cinnamon then pale, becoming squamulose, 3-9 cm.; g. decur. in lines, somewhat branched, pinkish then ochre; s. 1-2 cm. unequal, base pubescent; sp. ----.

Rigid and the gills crisped or wavy when dry.

=torulosus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. plano-infundib. even, flesh colour then ochre; g. decur. rather distant, reddish then tan; s. 1-2 cm. stout, oblique, greyish-tomentose; sp. ----.

=rudis=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4-6 cm. tough, depressed, sinuate, reddish-tan, bristling with tufts of hairs; g. decur. narrow, crowded, pale buff; s. very short or obsolete, hirsute; sp. ----.

[=Lamyanus=, Mont. P. orbicular, edge incurved, and, with the central stem, tawny umber and fasciculately hirsute; g. narrow, thick, forked, decur.

[=granulatus=, Berk. and Mont. Entirely rusty-saffron; p. semiorbicular; s. short, excentric, granular; g. sparingly connected by veins.

[=Schurii=, Schulz. P. coriaceous, flattened, centre concave, wavy, obconic, even, glabrous, whitish; g. decur. narrow, pallid; s. central, fibrillose, short or almost absent.

[=inverse-conicus=, Lerchenf. and Schulz. P. flattened, broadly umbil. whitish, edge incurved, inversely conical; g. decur. both ends acute; s. central, cylindrical, white then brown.

** _Stem definitely lateral._

[=foetens=, Fr. Foetid. P. spongy, spathulate, convex then depr. yellowish white, rather silky, base continued into a long stem channelled above; g. decur. firm, crowded, reddish-yellow.

[=cochlearis=, Pers. Caespitose, tawny. P. oval, convex, spathulate, hirsute, edge involute, entire; s. lateral; g. decur.

=stipticus=, Fr. Taste hot and pungent. P. thin, flexible, reniform, cinnamon then pale, broken up into scurfy squamules; g. determinate, thin, reticulately joined, cinnamon; s. lateral, very short, dilated into the p.; sp. 3 x 2.

[=flabellulum=, A. and S. P. dimidiate, flabellate, subsquamulose, produced into a short stem-like base, white then fawn; g. decur. crowded; sp. 2.5-3.5.

[=tenuis=, Wetts. P. thin, reniform or suborbicular, convex then exp. ochre or subfuscous, glabrous, somewhat shining; g. numerous, very thin, colour of p.; s. lateral, oblique; sp. 2.5 x 1.5.

=farinaceus=, Schum. P. 1.5-2 cm. flexuous, dusky cinnamon, broken up into greyish-white scurf which falls away; g. free, distinct, pale; s. lateral, short; sp. ----.

var. _albido-tomentosus_, Cke. and Mass. P. with short, whitish velvety down, semicircular; g. honey colour; sp. subgl. 5.

[=Schultzii=, Kalchb. P. spathulato-flabelliform, rigid, coriaceous, concentrically sulcate, radiately rugose, dingy brick-red; g. crowded, paler than p., edge brownish; s. expanding into pileus, apex virgate; sp. 3 x 1.

Allied to _P. stypticus_.

*** _Pileus resupinate, sessile or produced to a point of
attachment behind._

[=violaceofulvus=, Q. P. resupinate, thin, hygr. cup-shaped then exp. and reflexed, pulverulent, violet-umber; g. pale violet.

[=ringens=, Fr. P. resupinate, thin, flaccid, orbicular then partly closed over and gaping, reddish-brown, edge striate; g. simple, flesh-colour.

=patellaris=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. resupinate, plano-depr. orbicular, pallid scurfy or downy, edge involute; g. ochraceous; sp. 4 x 3.

=Stevensonii=, B. and Br. P. spathulate, olive yellow; s. dilated above convex, golden, slightly hispid; g. narrow, entire; flesh greenish-yellow.

[=pudens=, Q. P. cup-shaped then pendulous, with white pubescence, edge becoming rosy; g. tinted lilac.

[=Delastri=, Mont. Resupinate, coriaceous, urceolato-turbinate, vertex protruding as a tomentose stem, edge incurved; g. brownish purple, edge white-pruinose.

[=lithophilus=, Fr. P. resupinate, flattened, sessile, adnate, downy, edge free; g. radiating from a point, amethyst.

XEROTUS, Fr.

=degener=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, plano-infundib. edge entire, greyish bay, slightly zoned when moist; g. distant, decur. simple or dichot. greyish; s. 1-2 cm. brown with white down.

A very uncertain sp. probably some _Clitocybe_. Quelet says it is an old condition of _Cantharellus carbonarius_.

[=romanus=, Fr. P. glabrous, thin, exp. umbil. even, brownish, edge lobed; g. thick, crisped, rufescent; s. rigid, fistulose, black.

LENZITES, Fr.

* _Growing on Angiosperms._

[=albida=, Fr. P. corky, soft, plane, zoneless, whitish, tomentose; g. thin, dichot. anastomosing, entire, whitish. Effuso-reflexed.

=betulina=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. firm, long, 2-5 cm. broad, broadly attached, flesh 4-6 mm. thick, pallid or tinged brown, rather zoned, tomentose; g. thin, forked, whitish; sp. 4 x 2.

=flaccida=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. flaccid, more or less flabelliform, thin, strigose, zoned, pallid; g. broad, crowded, unequally branched, whitish; sp. 7 x 5.

[=variegata=, Fr. P. rigid, plane, velvety, zoned with different colour, edge whitish; g. broad, thickish, anastomosing, white, edge torn.

Habit and colour of _Poly. versicolor_.

[=trabea=, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, rugulose, almost glabrous, brownish; g. straight, simple and forked, freely anastomosing, entire, reddish.

Habit of _Dedaelea quercina_ but thinner.

[=cinnamomea=, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, firm, downy, concentrically sulcate, inside and out cinnamon; g. rather distant, straight, unequal, almost simple, narrow, entire, colour of p.

var. _crocata_, Sacc. P. strigosely velvety, sulcate, brown; g. yellow, edge unequal, paler, trama bright saffron.

[=tricolor=, Fr. P. corky, plane, base gibbous, scabrid, zoned and radiately rugulose, yellow then dingy; g. thin, distant, forked, anastomosing behind, citrin then umber.

** _Growing on Gymnosperms._

=sepiaria=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. long, hard, zoned, bay, strigose, rough; g. branched, anastomosing, yellowish; sp. 5 x 4.

=abietina=, Fr. P. 3-12 cm. effuso-reflexed, umber-tomentose then nearly glabrous, hoary; g. decur. simple, unequal, with white meal; sp. 7-8 x 4.

[=pinastri=, Kalchb. P. coriaceous, rigid, convex, tomentose, obsoletely zoned, disc hoary, edge with broad rusty band; g. densely anastomosing, pallid.

[=Queletii=, Schulz. P. generally reniform, corky, pale ochre becoming deep yellow when wet, closely zoned; g. thick, anastomosing and forming pores behind, whitish, edge tan; sp. 13-18 x 6-8.

var. _populina_, Schulz. P. narrowed into stem-like base, tomentose, greyish or ochre; g. sometimes greyish, edge subserrulate.

var. _crassior_, Schulz. P. blackish grey and scabrid behind, rest hispid-tomentose; sp. 4 x 1.

[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. (= _L. tricolor_, Kalch. not of Fr.). P. semiorbicular, broadly adnate, gibbous, subtomentose, multizoned, interruptedly radially wrinkled, umber then tawny; edge of g. colour of p., sides paler; flesh fuscous.

=Reichardtii=, Schulz. Subimbricated. P. semiorbicular, adnate, base brownish, ochre or whitish towards edge, grey when old, imperfectly zoned; g. tan, at first white mealy, some forked.

[=heteromorpha=, Fr. Coriaceous, thin, effuso-reflexed, gibbous, fibroso-rugose, pallid, margin incised into broad plates, crowded, somewhat branched, white, excurrent.

var. _resupinata_, Fr. Resupinate, porose.

[=labyrinthica=, Q. and Schulz. P. irregularly rounded, edge sinuate, produced behind into a short stem-like base, greyish white, base darker, not zoned but with scattered warts; lamellate in front underneath, behind white, glabrous and sterile; g. tan, anastomosing and forming labyrinthiform pores; sp. 6-8 x 3-4.

[=faventina=, Caldesi. P. dimidiate, sessile, corky, tuberculato-scrobiculate, whitish then grey; g. radiating, irreg. porose behind, tinged yellow, edge acute, darker.

[=mollis=, Heufler. P. broadly exp. incurved, soft, edge brown with darker zones, centre grey; g. strongly anastomosing, greyish or wood-colour.

[=septentrionalis=, Karst. P. sessile, dimidiate, gibbous behind, floccose, radiately rugulose, pallid brownish with darker zones, almost glabrous, edge thin, blackish; g. simple, crowded, very broad, fuscous.

[=sorbina=, Karst. P. corky, effuso-reflexed, imbricate, almost glabrous, usually even, not zoned, thin, pallid, edge obtuse; g. anastomosing, dingy white, thickish.

TROGIA, Fr.

=crispa=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. shallowly cup-shaped, reflexed, lobed, downy, yellowish brown, edge whitish; g. fold-like, dichotomous, crisped, greyish-white; sp. subgl. 5-6.

In the only European sp. the edge of gills not channelled.

SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr.

=commune=, Fr. P. thin, more or less fan-shaped or reniform, often much lobed, narrowed behind to a point of attachment, whitish, downy then strigose; g. radiating, narrow, brownish, edge split; sp. subgl. 5-6.

var. _multifidum_, Mass. (= _S. multifidum_, Fr.) P. deeply incised, segments narrow.

CHLOROSPORAE.

=Chlorospora=. Gills free; veil appendiculate; volva and ring absent.

[=Chlorophyllum=. Gills free; veil forming a persistent ring on the stem, volva absent. Not European.]

CHLOROSPORA.

=Eyrei=, Mass. (= _Schulzeria Eyrei_, Mass.) P. 2-4 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. even, glabrous, pale tan, edge appendiculate; g. free, clear pale green then deep bluish-green; s. 4-5 cm. equal, slightly wavy, pallid; sp. green, 4-5 x 3.

The only known European representative of the Chlorosporae.

RHODOSPORAE.

A. _Gills free._

=Volvaria=. Volva present; ring absent.

=Annularia=. Volva absent; ring present, often falling away.

=Pluteus=. Volva and ring both absent.

B. _Gills adnexed, rarely adnate._

=Entoloma=. Gills sinuate behind; edge of pileus incurved when young; stem fibrous or fleshy.

=Nolanea=. Stem cartilaginous; pileus campanulate, edge straight and adpressed to stem when young.

=Leptonia=. Stem cartilaginous; pileus convexo-plane, edge incurved at first; gills soon separating from stem.

C. _Gills decurrent._

=Clitopilus=. Stem central, fibrous; edge of p. incurved at first.

=Eccilia=. Stem central, cartilaginous; pileus umbilicate.

=Claudopus=. Stem excentric, minute, or absent. Species minute, membranaceous.

VOLVARIA, Fr.

* _Pileus dry, silky, or fibrillose._

=bombycina=, Schaeff. P. 9-18 cm. campan. then exp. and subumb. white, silky-fibrillose; g. flesh-colour; s. 7-14 cm. solid, attenuated, glabrous, white, volva ample; sp. 6-7 x 4.

[=regia=, Fr. P. convex then exp. white or with a reddish tinge, glabrous, dry; g. crowded; s. white or tinged yellow, solid, glabrous; ring persistent; volva white, large.

=volvacea=, Bull. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. obtuse, grey or greyish-yellow, virgate with adpressed black fibrils; g. flesh-colour; s. 5-9 cm. solid, subequal, white, volva large; sp. 6-8 x 3.5-4.

[=arenaria=, Otth. P. campan. exp. umb. silky fibrillose, whitish brown, disc darker, dry; g. crowded, near to stem, subventricose; s. rather shining, whitish, base thickened; volva mostly adherent, laciniate, brownish.

=Loveiana=, Berk. P. 5-7 cm. convex, obtuse, white, silky; g. pinkish-salmon; s. bulbous, narrowed upwards, solid, white, volva irreg. lobed; sp. 4-5 x 3.

Parasitic on _Clitocybe nebularis_.

=Taylori=, Berk. P. 3-5 cm. conical then obtuse, livid, edge paler, striately cracked; g. narrowest behind; s. 4-5 cm. equal, solid, whitish; volva lobed, brownish; sp. 5 x 3.5-4.

Differs from _V. volvacea_ by gills being narrowed behind, and small brown volva.

[=grisea=, Q. P. flexuous, silky-villose; g. crisped, hoary; s. short, tomentose; volva trilobed; sp. 8-9.

[=murinella=, Q. P. campan. villose, grey; g. remote, ventricose; s. slightly striate, white; volva 3-4 lobed, white; sp. 6-8 x 3-4.

[=hypopithys=, Fr. Small. Shining white. P. conical then campan. dry, silky; g. white then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, pubescent, adpressedly silky; volva bilobed; sp. 6-8 x 4.

** _Pileus more or less viscid and (one species excepted)
glabrous._

[=rhodomela=, Lasch. P. campan. then exp. somewhat sooty, squamulose, viscid; g. reddish; s. solid, attenuated, delicately floccoso-downy then almost glabrous; volva small, floccose.

=speciosa=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. P. soft, campan. then exp. obtuse, glabrous, viscid edge even, white or disc greyish; g. flesh-colour; s. 10-18 cm. subbulbous, solid, attenuated, villose, white; volva lax, villose; sp. 14-16 x 8.

[=theiodes=, Saut. P. campan. then exp. citrin, mealy, with deciduous squamules, broadly umb. edge sulcate; g. free, broad; s. hollow, fuscous.

=gloiocephala=, D. C. P. 7-11 cm. campan. then exp. umb. glutinous, sooty, edge striate; g. reddish; s. 8-14 cm. solid, glabrous, whitish, tinged brown below; volva adnate except a small free margin; sp. 10-12 x 6-7.

=viperina=, Fr. P. persistently conical, acute, grey; g. tinged yellow then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, closely sheathed by the thin volva.

=media=, Schum. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, silky when dry, white or disc tinged brown; g. rosy; s. 4-7 cm. solid, equal, glabrous, white; volva lobed; sp. 5 x 3.5.

Intermediate in size between _V. speciosa_ and _V. parvula_; differs from former in glabrous s. and volva, and from latter in solid stem.

=parvula=, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. then plane, umb. disc often tinged brown; g. flesh-colour; s. 2-3 cm. equal, subfistulose, silky; volva lax, usually 3-4 lobed; sp. 5 x 3.5.

var. _biloba_, Cke. S. stuffed, pubescent; volva bilobed.

=temperata=, Berk. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then exp. and umb., disc tinged tawny, rest whitish, striate; g. pale salmon; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. whitish, volva rather large, lobed; sp. 4 x 2.5.

ANNULARIA, Schulz.

=laevis=, Krombh. P. 4-6 cm. convex subumb. whitish; g. free, narrowed behind, becoming pale flesh-colour; s. 4-6 cm. base swollen, white, ring large, free; sp. subgl. 7-8.

[=Fenzlii=, Schulz. P. ovate then exp. sulphur then egg-yellow; g. ventricose, rosy; s. soon hollow, subattenuated, sulphur below the median ring.

[=alutacea=, Pers. P. campan. obtusely umb. glabrous, tan; g. crowded; s. glabrous, ring lax.

[=xanthogramma=, Ces. P. convex, umb. squamulosely punctate from the umbo, milk-white with densely crowded yellow striae; g. very broad, crowded; s. stuffed, thin, obsoletely annulate below middle.

=transilvanica=, Schulz. P. campan. striate to vertex, whitish, apex darker, edge lobed; g. crowded, unequal; s. hollow, paler than p., flocculose, ring complete, membranous.

PLUTEUS, Fr.

* _Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose._

=cervinus=, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. even, glabrous, then broken up into fibrillose squamules which fall away, smoky with a yellowish or fawn-coloured tinge; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 5-9 cm. solid, whitish with black fibrils; sp. 7-8 x 5-6; cystidia ventricose.

var. _rigens_, Pers. P. grey, blackish, virgate or squamulose; s. glabrous, somewhat shining.

var. _patricius_, Schulz. P. whitish then grey with umber or tan scales, then almost glabrous, silky shining, and radiately cracked; s. even, white.

var. _eximius_, Saund. and Sm. Large and showy. P. even, with a separable viscid pellicle, reddish-umber, vermilion near edge when young; s. fibrillose, at length blackish.

var. _petasatus_, Fr. P. umb. glabrous, greyish white, with a separable pellicle, at length striate to middle; s. fibrillosely striate, at length tawny.

var. _Bullii_, Berk. P. convex, smooth, even, pallid, disc darker; s. pale brown.

[=sororiata=, Karst. P. campan. exp. floccosely scaly, yellow; g. flesh-colour; s. pallid then yellowish; sp. 7-8 x 6.

[=montellicus=, Sacc. P. flesh spongy, dry, exp. yellowish, almost glabrous; g. olive-grey; s. fibrous, rufescent, incurved; sp. 10 x 8.

=umbrosus=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. lacunose-rugose, at first downy, umber, edge ciliato-fimbriate; g. edge smoky-fimbriate; s. 4-7 cm. solid, squamulosely downy, pale; sp. 6-7 x 5; cystidia ventricose.

Differs from _P. cervinus_ in downy p. and dark-edged gills.

=ephebius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, covered with bluish down, edge naked; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4-7 cm. stuffed, glabrous, slightly striate, whitish or tinged grey; sp. 7 x 4.

Differs from _P. cervinus_ in minutely downy p. which is sometimes brownish-violet.

var. _drepanophyllus_, Schulz. P. umber; s. at length hollow.

[=granulatus=, Bres. (= _plautus_, Q., not of Fr.) P. campan. then exp. hygr. edge striate, rufescent, densely covered with minute granules of same colour; g. free, edge fimbriate; s. hyaline-white, often compressed, grooved, rather scurfy, somewhat rooting; sp. 6-8.

=violarius=, Mass. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. hemisph. then nearly plane, minutely velvety, watery, dark purple, flesh grey; g. flesh-colour, edge serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, whitish upwards, base pale brown with black fibrils; sp. subgl. 5-6.

=salicinus=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. bluish-grey, disc darker and floccosely rugose; g. rosy; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, fibrillose, bluish-white; sp. ----.

var. _beryllus_, Pers. P. greenish.

var. _floccosus_, Karst. P. floccosely scaly.

=hispidulus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convexo-plane, pilose or silky, grey, edge at length slightly striate; g. flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. fistulose, even, glabrous, silvery-white; sp. ----.

[=curtus=, Karst. P. convexo-exp. obtuse, longitudinally fibrillose or cracked, with short, stout, erect, muricately squarrose scales at disc, pallid then fuscescent; g. adnexed, broad, ventricose; s. rigid, short, equal, wavy, floccosely squamulose, fuscescent, apex naked; sp. rough, 5 x 3-4.

Resembling _Inocybe lacera_ but smaller and shorter.

=pellitus=, Fr. White. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, even, dry, silky; g. flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, glabrous, even, shining; sp. ----.

var. _punctillifer_, Q. P. exp. whitish, centre tinged fuscous, and with minute umber squamules; s. whitish, squamulose below; sp. 3-4.

var. _gracilis_, Bres. P. white, becoming very faintly tinged umber at disc; s. cylindrical, glabrous; sp. 5-6 long.

[=Roberti=, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, slightly hairy, not sulcate, white tinged fuscous; g. very broad, shining white; s. apex hollow, solid below and slightly thickened.

Fries considers this sp. as near to _P. semibulbosus_ notwithstanding the white gills.

** _Pileus atomately pruinose, subpulverulent._

[=plautus=, Weinm. P. campan. exp. even, glabrous, tan when moist, smoky hoary; g. flesh-colour; s. fistulose, soft like velvet, blackish brown.

var. _terrestris_, Bres. P. exp. edge wavy, dry, pruinosely velvety, sooty black, rugulose; g. edge subfimbriate; s. velvety, blackish; sp. 6 x 5.

[=cinereus=, Q. Scurfy-flocculose, grey. P. with raised veins forming pits; s. springing from a white byssoid mycelium; sp. glob. 6-8.

=nanus=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, rugulose, smoky, sprinkled with floccose bloom; g. flesh-colour; 3-4 cm. solid, rigid, striate, white; sp. subgl. echin. 5-6.

var. _lutescens_, Fr. Stem and g. or first only, yellowish.

var. _major_, Cke. Larger. P. even, greyish.

All the forms differ from _P. cervinus_ and its vars. in having subglobose spores.

[=exiguus=, Pat. P. exp. reddish brown, bristling with minute squamules; g. distant from stem, ventricose; s. white, pruinose, thickened at base, solid; sp. 6-7 x 3.

Near _P. nanus_, but smaller and p. squamulose.

=melanodon=, Secr. P. convexo-plane, umb. pulverulent, edge slightly striate, dull yellow; g. pale flesh-colour, edge with minute black teeth; s. fistulose, slender, firm, glabrous, shining.

=spilopus=, B. and Br. (= _spodopileus_, Sacc.) P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. radiately rugulose, brownish or dark fawn; g. pale salmon; s. 3-4 cm. equal, whitish or tinged fawn, with scattered black points, solid; sp. subgl. 7-8.

=semibulbosus=, Lasch. White. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. obtuse, atomately mealy, sulcate; g. pale flesh-colour; s. 1.5-2 cm. pubescent, base swollen; sp. ----.

[=candidus=, Pat. Small. P. convex, even, white, silky; g. rosy; s. white, downy, base thickened.

*** _Pileus naked, glabrous._

=roseoalbus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, rosy, edge naked; g. rather distant, flesh-colour; s. 4-6 cm. solid, attenuated, whitish or tinged red, with white meal; sp. rough, subgl. 5-6.

=leoninus=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. glabrous, naked, yellow, or tinged tawny; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4-7 cm. solid, glabrous, striate, whitish; sp. ----.

var. _coccineus_, Cke. P. crimson-orange or vermilion.

[=luteomarginatus=, Roll. P. obtuse, umb. campan. deformed then exp. yellow, but at same time covered with sooty down, striato-virgate; g. crowded, rosy, edge golden-yellow; s. silky, yellow with rosy fibrils; sp. 7.5 x 6.

=chrysophaeus=, Schaeff. P. 3-4 cm. campan. exp. naked, glabrous, virgate, cinnamon, edge striate; g. white then flesh-colour; s. imperfectly hollow, glabrous, whitish or yellowish; sp. ----.

=phlebophorus=, Ditm. P. 3-5 cm. convex then exp. rugosely veined, umber, edge even, naked; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. subincurved, glabrous, shining, whitish; sp. ----.

var. _marginatus_, Q. P. rugose, granulate, clear brown; g. with sooty crenulate edge; s. pellucid, white; sp. glob. 8.

[=Godeyi=, Gill. P. campan. then exp. umb. very glabrous, rugulose, striate, livid grey sometimes tinged green, rather viscid; g. broad, joined by veins; s. white or tinged grey.

[=aurantio-rugosus=, Trog. P. campan. then conico-exp. areolately wrinkled, reddish yellow, disc almost vermilion; g. crowded, serrulate, broad; s. yellowish, thickened below and tinged red, brown-fibrillose; sp. globose.

[=cyanopus=, Q. P. rugosely granular, pruinose, umber-bay; g. remote from s., white then glaucous; s. silky, blue, base cottony, white; sp. 6 diam.

=umbrinellus=, Sommerf. P. convex, exp. even, edge fimbriate; g. white then flesh-colour; s. fistulose, rooting, tough, glabrous, shining.

[=tenuiculus=, Q. P. rather small, subglobose, striate, umber; g. semiorbicular; s. slender, pruinose, white; sp. glob. 10.

ENTOLOMA, Fr.