Chapter I: Phlegmacium

_Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid. Stem firm,
dry._

* CLIDUCHII. _Partial veil superior, forming a pendulous ring round
the apex of the subequal or clavate stem._

+ _Gills pallid then tan._

=triumphans=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex then exp. even, yellow, at first with a few adpr. darker scales; g. emarginate, crowded, quite entire; s. 7-14 cm. solid, clavate, with several concentric squamulose tawny rings; sp. 12-14 x 5-6.

[=crocolitus=, Q. P. disc, with saffron squamules; g. white, lilac, then tan; s. squamulose, ring thin, yellowish-white.

=claricolor=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. firm, exp. glabrous, shining when dry, yellow, often cracked into scales; g. subadnexed, crowded, serrate, greyish white then pallid; s. solid, at first floccoso-squamulose from white veil; sp. 11-12 x 6-7.

=turmalis=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, discoid, dingy yellow; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, subserrate, tan; s. 7-12 cm. cylindric, white, at first woolly-peronate; sp. 8-9 x 5.

=crassus=, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. flesh thick, plano-depr. dingy yellow, disc glabrous, rest fibrilloso-strigose; g. crowded, quite entire, tan; s. 6-9 cm. stout, fibrillose, white, apex mealy; sp. 15 x 7.

=balteatus=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. exp. compact, soon dry and broken up into flecks, tawny, edge violet or bluish; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, entire, whitish; s. at first peronato-tomentose, white, apex velvety; sp. ----.

=sebaceus=, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. incurved then exp. rather wavy, pallid, white-pruinose; g. emarg. not crowded, tan; s. 6-10 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pallid; sp. 9 x 7.

=lustratus=, Fr. Wholly whitish. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, edge fibrillose, cortinate; g. closely crowded; s. 3-5 cm. solid, nearly equal; sp. ----.

Resembling _Entol. prunuloides_, but sp. ochre.

++ _Gills violet or purplish, then cinnamon._

=varius=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. compact, discoid, edge glabrous, flesh white, rusty; g. crowded, entire, purplish then cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. conical, adpr. flocculose, whitish; sp. ----.

=cyanopus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. even, glabrous, bay or tawny, flesh whitish; g. adnato-emarg. broad, violet then pale; s. 4-5 cm. violet then whitish, bulb depressed, oblique; sp. ----.

=variicolor=, Fr. P. 8-11 cm. compact, discoid, tomentose edge violet, rest bay; g. decur.-emarginate, bluish then tan; s. 8-11 cm. villose at first blue then whitish; sp. 9-10 x 5. Flesh bluish then pallid.

var. _nemorensis_, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. yellowish-bay, edge at first bluish; s. clavate, 7 cm. apex hollow, mealy; g. rotundato-subdecur.

=largus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. exp. wavy, subgibbous, tan or reddish, flesh grey then white; g. broad, crowded, entire, grey then cinnamon; s. 8-12 cm. solid, fibrillose, curved, violet then white; sp. 12-14 x 7.

[=spadiceus=, Fr. P. exp. smoky bay, pellicle separable; g. blue then brownish-tan; s. fibrilloso-striate, pallid.

[=pelmatosporus=, C. Mart. P. subglobose then campan. or convex, brown or chestnut, centre darker, edge sulcate, incurved then exp. white fibrillose veil persistent; s. stuffed, stout, apex white, violet below, bulb submarginate, yellow; g. sinuate, adnexed; sp. very large.

=Riederi=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. then exp. glutinous, ochre, shining when dry; g. adnate, eroded, violet then cinnamon; s. clavate, silky lilac, tawny fibrillose, 6-9 cm.; sp. 12 x 5.

+++ _Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous (not whitish violet at
first)._

[=percomis=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, very glabrous, gilvous; g. sulphur yellow then tan, broad; s. clavate, sulphur inside.

[=vitellinopes=, Secr. P. exp. depr. edge of margin upturned, discoid, glabrous, egg-yellow; g. rusty cinnamon; s. solid, rather wavy, white above ring, fibrillose and yellow below.

=saginus=, Fr. P. 8-11 cm. plano-convex, unequal, glabrous, yellow; g. decur. broad, eroded, pallid then cinnamon; s. 7 cm. somewhat bulbous, yellowish, apex naked; sp. ----.

[=cliduchus=, Fr. P. depr. shining, discoid, bright yellow; g. serrate, rusty-cinnamon; s. slightly curved, fibrillose, yellow.

=russus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convexo-plane, silky fibrillose near edge, coppery; g. adnate, broad, connected by veins, rusty; s. 6-7 cm. attenuated, pallid, fibrillose; sp. 8-10 x 5.

++++ _Gills olive._

[=cephalixus=, Fr. P. plane, rather wavy, olive, edge yellowish, disc with brown granules; g. adnexed, thin, eroded, white then rusty olive; s. clavate, brownish squamulose below.

=infractus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. virgate, edge thin, incurved, olive or yellowish; g. broad, crowded, olive-umber; s. 6-7 cm. ovately bulbous, tinged olive; sp. 10 x 8.

=anfractus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. unequal, bent inwards, wavy, olive then tawny fuliginous; g. crisped, rather distant, sooty-olive then tan; s. 4-6 cm. unequal, apex violet; sp. ----.

=Berkeleyi=, Cke. P. 7-14 cm. convex then exp. edge incurved, rugulose, pale, rest brown; g. narrow, cinnamon with olive tinge; s. 8-14 cm. base bulbous, solid, white; sp. 15-16 x 8-9.

Whole young fungus enclosed in a white volva, patches of which often remain on p.

** SCAURI. _Bulb depressed or turbinate, marginate, stem fleshy,
fibrous; veil inferior, springing from margin of bulb; pileus
equally fleshy; gills subsinuate._

+ _Gills whitish then tan or pale cinnamon._

=multiformis=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. equal, glabrous, yellow or tawny all over, flesh white; g. serrate, white then tan; s. 5-9 cm. yellowish white; sp. 10-12 x 5, rough.

var. _flavescens_, Cke. Flesh and gills yellow.

[=rapaceus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, whitish-tan, not becoming paler; flesh white; g. crowded, entire, white then tan; s. stuffed, short, white, bulb depr. marginate.

=napus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. glutinous, edge incurved, tawny; g. rather distant, crisped, smoky; s. 4-5 cm. equal, white, bulb obconic and oblique; sp. 10 x 5.

=allutus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conico-convex, orange yellow, intense yellow when dry, then pale, edge darker, flesh rufescent; g. adnate, crenulate, white then rufous; s. 2-3 cm. viscid, white, rufous striate below, marginately bulbous; sp. ----.

=talus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex, even, dingy yellow then pale, edge yellowish olive; g. pale ochre; s. 6-7 cm. cylindric, glabrous, marginately bulbous, pallid; sp. 8-9 x 4-5.

++ _Gills violet, blue, purplish, becoming cinnamon._

=glaucopus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. compact, incurved then expanded, rather wavy, viscid then floccoso-squamulose or fibrillose, olive-bay then tawny yellow; g. broad; s. 6-8 cm. striate, bluish then yellowish, base marginate; sp. 8 x 4-5.

[=pansa=, Fr. P. compact, incurved, wavy, glabrous, spotted with innate scales, shining, tawny orange, flesh white; g. entire, blue; s. marginate, yellow.

[=variegatus=, Bres. P. convex then exp. and umb. edge incurved, rufous brick-red, white fibrillose then glabrous and yellowish tan; g. closely crowded; s. fibrillose, whitish then tinged rusty, base narrowed and somewhat rooting, or marginately bulbous with a clear violet silky basal zone; sp. 8-10 x 3.5-4.

=calochrous=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. flesh compact, white; tawny yellow; g. serrate, bluish-purple; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, yellowish (never blue), bulb abruptly marginate; sp. 7-8 x 4.

=caerulescens=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then exp. dingy yellow or tan, flesh blue then pale; g. entire, at first pure deep blue; s. 4-5 cm. solid, attenuated, naked, bulb marginate blue or violet becoming whitish; sp. 9-10 x 5.

=purpurascens=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. exp. rather wavy, glutinous, bay or reddish, then tawny olive, spotted, flesh everywhere blue; g. blue then tan, purple when bruised; s. 6-7 cm. fibrillose, deep blue, darker when bruised, marginate bulb disappearing; sp. 10-12 x 5-6.

var. _subpurpurascens_, Fr. P. thinner, subvirgate, becoming pale; s. stuffed, bluish white.

+++ _Gills rusty, tawny, or yellowish._

=dibaphus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convex then exp. purplish, disc yellowish, variegated with lilac; flesh yellow, violet under the cuticle; g. rusty purple; s. 6-7 cm. yellow, apex purplish, bulb marginate; sp. 12 x 5.

var. _xanthophyllus_, Cke. G. for a long time yellow.

=turbinatus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. orbicular, dingy yellow or greenish, all one colour, glabrous, becoming pale; g. crowded, entire; s. 4-5 cm. cylindrical, bulb turbinate, marginate, whitish or tinged yellow; sp. 14-16 x 7, rough.

=corrosus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, viscid, ferruginous then pale tan, at length rivulose or subfloccose, opaque when dry, flesh firm, white; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. white, cortina fibrillose, apex naked, bulb depr. marginate; sp. ----.

=fulgens=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. silky-fibrillose, viscid, tawny orange, flesh becoming spongy and tan; g. emarginate, tawny; s. 5-6 cm. colour of p. fibrillose and woolly, bulb large, depr. marginate; sp. 9 x 5.

Stem viscid when young in damp weather.

[=sulfurinus=, Q. P. convex, sulphur yellow, edge white, disc with saffron points; g. sulphur then tawny; s. silky, yellowish white.

=fulmineus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. tawny, edge orange, with adpressed tawny scales; g. at first pure yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellow, naked, apex with a white veil, bulb ample, rooting; sp. 10 x 5-6.

Stem slightly viscid at first. _C. fulgens_ differs in tan-coloured flesh.

=elegantior=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge at first incurved, tawny, flesh yellowish; g. egg-yellow then olive; s. yellowish, marginately bulbous.

=orichalceus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. with a viscid pellicle, disc reddish tawny cracked into patches, edge livid; g. sulphur then greenish; s. 4-7 cm. fibrillose, yellowish, marginately bulbous; sp. ----.

=testaceus=, Cke. P. 6-9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. or depr. brick-red then paler; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. whitish above, tinged rufous below, bulb submarginate, flesh tinged reddish; sp. 16 x 8, rough.

++++ _Gills olivaceous._

[=rufoolivaceus=, Pers. P. exp. rufous then paler; g. crowded, olive; s. green then yellowish, bulb submarginate.

=prasinus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. dingy bluish-green, spotted as if scaly, edge incurved; g. rather distant, olive-yellow; s. 4-5 cm. marginately bulbous, pale olive-green; sp. 10 x 5.

=atrovirens=, Kalchbr. P. 6-9 cm. convex, dusky-green or dusky-olive, flesh yellowish green; g. yellow-green then tan; s. 6-7 cm. bulb marginate, subturbinate, flesh tinged greenish; sp. 10 x 6.

=scaurus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. equal, exp. smoky-tawny then pale, spotted, edge thin becoming striate; g. crowded, purplish-olive; s. 6-7 cm. greenish or bluish, never yellow, narrowed upwards from marginate bulb; sp. 10 x 5.

=herpeticus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. olive then dingy tan, flesh violet then whitish; g. violet-umber then sooty-olive; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose, pallid, bulb napiform, marginate; sp. 10 x 6.

*** ELASTICI. _Veil simple, thin, fugacious, median or inferior.
Stem never marginately bulbous or peronate, but elastic, rigid,
externally polished, shining, cartilaginous._

+ _Gills white then tan or dingy cinnamon._

=cumatilis=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, with bluish-violet gluten, disc brownish; g. adnexed, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, white, veil forming a volva at base; sp. ----.

=serarius=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. gibbous, not polished, viscid, opaque, reddish-tan; g. arcuato-adfixed; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillose, shining, and like the flesh white; sp. ----.

=emollitus=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. exp. wavy, slightly fibrillose-virgate, tawny then ochre and shining; g. white then ochre; s. 3-4 cm. scarcely bulbous, fibrillose, white as is also the flesh; sp. ----.

=cristallinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. very glabrous, viscid, shining, hygr. pallid, edge whitish; g. crowded, tan; s. 5-6 cm. hollow, nearly equal, white; sp. 8 x 4.

=decoloratus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. soon dry and flocculose, tan then pale, often corrugated when old; g. greyish-tan; s. 6-7 cm. base thickened, fibrillosely-striate, silvery; sp. 7 x 4.

++ _Gills violet, purplish or flesh-colour._

=decolorans=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. all one colour, yellow; g. dry, purplish then tan; s. 5-8 cm. narrowed upwards, and like the flesh, white; sp. 10 x 8.

=porphyropus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. thin, virgate, ochre, often spotted; g. rather crowded, thin; s. 5-9 cm. somewhat attenuated, lilac, purplish when bruised as is also the flesh; sp. 10-12 x 7.

[=rubropunctatus=, Karst. P. thin, convexo-plane, even, glabrous, glutinous, yellow; g. adnexed, crowded, white then ochre; s. wavy, fibrillose, white, apex pruinose red-punctate; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.

=croceocoeruleus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. lilac; g. lilac then orange-tan; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fragile, white; sp. 8 x 5.

[=maculosus=, Fr. P. conico-convex then exp. and wavy, whitish spotted with umber scales; g. pinkish-white, grey then tan; s. squamosely fibrillose, white.

+++ _Gills pure ochre, tawny, or rusty._

=corruscans=, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. plane, even, glabrous, yellowish ochre often spotted; g. plano-decur. closely crowded, ochre; s. 7-12 cm. solid, elastic, white; sp. ----.

=papulosus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. discoid, soon rivulose, granulato-punctate, honey-tan, disc darker; g. adnato-decur.; s. 6-7 cm. fibrillose, white; sp. ----.

[=intentus=, Fr. P. exp. soft, ochre or tawny; g. adnate, closely crowded, bright saffron; s. hollow, rigid, fragile, yellowish.

[=compar=, Fr. P. exp. even, yellowish, edge thin; g. adnate, rusty-cinnamon; s. fibrillose, apex lilac.

[=subsimilis=, Fr. P. exp. sooty brown, flesh white; g. adnate, smoky then tan; s. solid, equal, fibrillose, tawny.

++++ _Gills olive or smoky._

[=olivascens=, Fr. P. exp. olive then sooty at length pale; g. tan tinged olive; s. silvery-pallid. Taste very acrid.