Chapter VI: Hydrocybe

_Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not
viscid but moist when growing, discoloured when dry; flesh very
thin, splitting, disc rarely compact. Stem rather rigid, not
peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an
irreg. zone._

* FIRMIORES. _Pileus rather fleshy, convex then campan.-convex,
expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, edge at first incurved. Stem
generally narrowed upwards._

(Colour when dry given in brackets.)

+ _Stem and veil white._

=firmus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty ochre, flesh compact, white; g. crowded; s. 6-8 cm. solid, stout, rather bulbous, white, veil rusty; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. subferrugineus_ by clear colour of p. and white s.

=subferrugineus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. yellowish brick-red becoming rusty, subhygr.; g. scarcely crowded, broad, opaque, rusty; s. 6-8 cm. solid, spongy, rigid outside, subbulbous, white then dingy; sp. 8-10 x 5-6.

=armeniacus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny cinnamon (yellowish tan), shining; g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. conical, rigid, subperonate, white; sp. 8-9 x 5.

var. _falsarius_, Fr. P. yellow, white when dry.

[=umbilicatus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, minutely umbil. undulate, obtuse, even, glabrous, brown-bay; g. very broad, cinnamon; s. equal, base thickened, whitish; sp. 6-6.5 x 4-4.5.

=damascenus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. thin, exp. bay-cinnamon (brick-red, rivulose); g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. solid, firm, cylindrical, whitish; 12 x 6.

=privignus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, pallid fuscous, silvery-hoary (tan then pallid); g. adnate, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. fragile, silvery white; sp. 8 x 5.

=duracinus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. rigid, exp. gibbous, watery brick-red (tan, opaque), edge strongly incurved, silky; g. adnate, thin; s. 3-5 cm. rigid, unequal, rooting, glabrous, white; sp. 5 x 3.

[=candelaris=, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, glabrous, reddish dun (tawny, shining) edge slightly incurved white-silky; g. adnato-decur.; s. rigid, yellowish white, rooting.

=illuminus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny brick-red (brick-red, tan) edge thin; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. partly hollow, pallid becoming rusty; sp. 11-12 x 6-7.

=tortuosus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. glabrous, even, shining, rusty bay (brick-red); g. adnate, tawny blood-red or purplish when touched; s. somewhat twisted, silvery; sp. 15-16 x 8.

=dilutus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, even, opaque, reddish dun (tan); g. broad, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. soft, pallid, base thickened; sp. 6 x 4.

[=erugatus=, Weinm. P. exp. subumb. even, nearly glabrous, shining, ochraceous, brick-red; g. subadnate, crowded; s. elongated, thinner upwards, fibrillosely striate, pallid.

[=Hoeftii=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, watery brick-red (tan, opaque), with a silky bloom; g. adnate, crowded, connected by veins; s. subfistulose, equal, silvery.

++ _Stem and gills usually violet._ In certain sp. of preceding
section there is an ephemeral tinge of violet at apex of stem.

[=livor=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, dusky olive then tan; g. emarginate, crowded, broad, semicircular, watery cinnamon; s. narrowed from subbulbous base, short, violet; sp. ----.

=saturninus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, moist, dusky bay (brick-red), with white silky veil round edge; g. adnexed, crowded, purplish then rusty; s. 4-7 cm. violet, base thickened; sp. ----.

=imbutus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, gilvous becoming pale, edge subfibrillose; g. adnate, rather distant, broad, greyish-violet then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. whitish, apex violet; sp. 7-8 x 4-5.

[=cypriacus=, Fr. P. almost membranaceous, campan. exp. gibbous, glabrous, cinnamon (tawny); g. crowded; s. colour of p., striate with adpr. fibrils.

[=plumbosus=, Fr. P. convex, plane, umb. moist, blackish lead-colour, then paler and with satiny sheen near edge; g. olive-violet then cinnamon; s. hollow, attenuated upwards, violet then pallid.

[=sciophyllus=, Fr. P. thin, convex, exp. deep bluish fuscous (bluish), silky-white round edge at first; g. adnate, dusky umber; s. solid, violet, narrowed from thickened base.

=castaneus=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. exp. gibbous, even, chestnut (shining); g. violet then rusty; s. 2-3 cm. cartilaginous, violet or pallid reddish, stuffed then hollow; sp. ----.

=bicolor=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. umb. dingy white or tinged lilac; g. adnate, purplish violet then tan; s. 4-5 cm. pale violet then pale, solid; sp. 12-14 x 6-7.

=balaustinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, virgate, rusty rufous (tawny brick-red, shining); g. adnate, broad rusty rufous; s. 5-7 cm. conical, pallid, then rusty outside and in; sp. 8 x 4-5.

=colus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex, subgibbous, glabrous, rufous brown (paler and shining); g. adnate, dusky cinnamon; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillosely striate with fiery-saffron mycelium; sp. 9 x 4.

=isabellinus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. subumb. honey-colour, glabrous (yellowish and shining); g. adnate, yellow then tan; s. 7-9 cm. rigid, striate, yellowish; sp. 10 x 5.

=renidens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, shining, tawny (ochre); g. crowded, tawny; s. 2-4 cm. equal and with fibrous veil, yellow; sp. 8-10 x 5.

=angulosus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. wavy, hygr. reddish tawny (ochre, opaque); g. adnate, thickish, distant, tawny; s. 3-4 cm. equal, twisted, rather tawny; sp. ----.

var. _gracilescens_, Fr. S. hollow, slender, tortuous, base rather narrowed.

[=zinziberatus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. tawny honey-colour (yellowish), edge silky-fibrillose; g. adnate, quite entire, crisped; s. outside and base also inside, yellowish.

+++ _Stem fuscescent, veil pallid-dingy or white_ (_not yellow_);
_gills dusky._

=uraceus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, even, glabrous, umber (tan, torn into fibres); g. adnate, bay brown; s. 5-9 cm. blackish fuscous, apex becoming olive; sp. 8-9 x 4.

=jubarinus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bright tawny cinnamon (shining); g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, tawny, veil fugacious, white; sp. 10 x 5.

Closely resembling _C. cinnamomeus_, differing in white fibrillose fugacious veil.

[=rubricosus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. brownish bay (brick-red, shining); g. obtusely adnate, bright rusty; s. narrowed downwards, brownish, white veil collapsing and forming a silky zone.

[=nitens=, Karst. P. exp. umb. white-silky from veil then glabrous and shining, brownish bay; g. tawny cinnamon; s. subequal, fuscous, white veil forming oblique bands; sp. 6 x 3.5.

[=irregularis=, Fr. P. exp. umb. wavy, fuscous brown (tawny rusty, shining); g. decur. closely crowded, rusty; s. naked, brick-red with white striae.

=pateriformis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, orbicular, chestnut brown with white deciduous fibrils; g. brick-red; s. hollow, equal, tinged fuscous; sp. ----.

[=phaeophyllus=, Karst. P. convex exp. umb. entirely even, edge silky, glabrous, watery cinnamon, ochre and shining when dry; g. adnate, brown-tan, edge honey-colour; s. equal, usually wavy, silky-fibrillose, pallid-white; sp. 7-9 x 4-5.

=unimodus=, Britz. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. usually depr. round umbo, shining, rufous brown; g. adnexed, brown; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous, brown below; sp. 10-12 x 6.

** TENUIORES. _Pileus submembranaceous, conical then exp. umbo
acute, rarely obtuse or nearly obsolete, edge at first straight._

+ _Stem white._

=dolabratus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, glabrous, brick-red (even and tan), silky near the edge; g. adnate, very broad, distant, tan; s. 8-14 cm. stout, cylindrical, shining white; sp. 12-14 x 7-8.

Smell very disagreeable.

=rigens=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, glabrous, opaque, tan (whitish tan); g. adnato-subdecur.; s. 4-9 cm. cartilaginous, rigid, rooting, white; sp. 6-7 x 4.

[=fulvescens=, Fr. P. exp. shining, cinnamon (brick-red), at length fibrillose, umbo persistent rather acute; g. adnate; s. attenuated, soft, rather wavy, becoming pale.

=Krombholzii=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. then gibbous, even, glabrous, tan, edge append.; g. nearly free, broad, rusty edge yellowish; s. 6-11 cm. equal, naked, white; sp. 8 x 4-5.

=Reedii=, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. conical then exp. and strongly umb. shining, persistently brown; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. equal, rather bulbous, white, solid; sp. 7-8 x 4.

=leucopus=, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conical then exp. and umb. even, glabrous, yellowish red (clay-colour, shining); g. subadnexed, crowded; s. 2-3 cm. equal, shining white; sp. 6 x 3-4.

Differs from _C. pluvius_ in not being viscid.

=scandens=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical, exp. tawny rusty to watery honey-colour (clay-colour), umbo fleshy, edge striate; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon, edge same colour; s. 5-8 cm. wavy, even, apex thickened, base attenuated, whitish; sp. 10 x 5.

++ _Stem somewhat violet or reddish._

=erythrinus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. rufous bay, prominent umbo darker; g. adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. equal, somewhat curved, violet above; sp. ----.

var. _argyropus_. Slenderer than type; stem silvery, apex mealy.

=decipiens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, glabrous, shining, fuscous-bay, depr. round darker umbo (brick-red); g. adnate; s. equal, slender, with a pale separable cuticle; sp. 8 x 5.

S. usually without any violet, pale red inside.

var. _insignis_, Fr. P. paler; s. flexuous, glabrous.

=germanus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. obtusely umb. rather silky, fragile, fuscescent (clay-colour); g. adnate, broad; s. thin, equal, glabrous, lilac then pallid; sp. ----.

=ianthipes=, Secr. P. conical then exp. umb. fibrillose, shining, brown, edge yellowish; g. white then greyish olive; s. shining, violet, rufous below.

+++ _Stem yellowish, usually becoming pale._

=detonsus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. subumb. glabrous, brick-red or yellowish (tan and silky); g. adnate, yellowish then brick-red, quite entire; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, tinged yellow then pallid; sp. 6 x 4.

=saniosus=, Fr. P. conical then convex and umb. not striate, glabrous, tawny fuscous (tawny, shining), edge fibrillosely torn; g. adnate, quite entire; s. curved, yellowish, veil fibrillose, yellow.

=obtusus=, Fr. P. 1-3 cm. conico-campan. striate to middle, shining, reddish yellow (ochre then pallid, opaque, fibrillosely torn); g. adnato-ventricose, edge white-fimbriate; s. hollow, soft, ventricose, becoming pale, 4-9 cm.; sp. 9 x 5.

=acutus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical, acutely umb. entirely striate, yellowish red (clay-colour, silky then even); g. adnate, ochre, entire; s. 6-8 cm. equal, slender, wavy, pale; sp. 6 x 4.

++++ _Stem becoming fuscescent._

=Junghuhnii=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, exp. papillate, persistently minutely velvety with thin innate white fibrils, shining cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. adnate, orange brick-red; s. 4-7 cm. shining, adpressedly fuscous-fibrillose; sp. 8 x 5-6.

=depressus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, at first superficially silky near striate edge, fuscous then rusty; g. adnate, saffron then yellowish; s. hollow, reddish, base fuscous, white-silky; sp. ----.

=milvinus=, Fr. Strong scented. P. conico-exp. subumb. striate to disc, somewhat olive (tan then pallid), edge crowned with white innate squamules; g. adnate, rusty olive, base veined; s. 4-5 cm. equal, curved, fuscous then pallid, spotted with the white silky veil; sp. 8-10 x 4.

=fasciatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. glabrous, fuscescent (brick-red then pallid and silky) umbo acute, blackish; g. adnate, distant; s. 4-9 cm. rather wavy, glabrous, fibrously splitting, pallid fuscous; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from _C. acutus_ in very distant g.

CREPIDOTUS, Fr.

=palmatus=, Bull. P. 4-9 cm. compact, convex then exp. irreg. glabrous, pelliculose, rusty; g. fixed to a collar, colour of p.; s. excentric or lateral, incurved, glabrous, whitish; sp. subg. 10.

Differs from _Pleurotus subpalmatus_ in rusty sp.

A form with a central s. occurs.

[=hypsophilus=, R. Fries. Subcaespitose. P. fleshy, compact, irreg. laterally produced, entire, convex then plane, edge becoming upturned, glabrous, fuscous tan; g. emarginate, crowded, dingy yellow; s. very excentric, short, curved whitish.

[=nidulans=, Mass. (= _Pleurotus nidulans_, Fr., _Crepidotus junquillea_ (Paulet) Lucand.) P. fleshy, at first resupinate then expanded, sessile, subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad, rather distant, tawny-orange; sp. tawny.

=alveolus=, Lasch. P. 2-4 cm. soft, lateral, obovate, wavy, plane, glabrous, ochre-fuscous, sessile or produced behind into a short stem-like downy base; g. broad; sp. 7-8 long.

[=stiriacus=, Wetts. P. fleshy-fibrous, ovate-shell-shaped, semiorbicular, or cuneiform, simple, lobed or partite, tomentose; g. dense, ochre-fuscous; s. lateral, very short; sp. 5-7 x 3.

=mollis=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. gelatinously fleshy, soft, obovate or reniform, flaccid, subsessile, glabrous, pallid then greyish; g. decur. from base, crowded, linear, whitish then watery cinnamon; sp. 8-9 x 5-6.

=putrigenus=, B. and C. Imbricate, sessile; p. 2-3 cm. subreniform, whitish, tomentose; g. broad, rusty-brown; sp. subglobose, 6-7, rusty.

=applanatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. soft, fragile, plane, reniform or cuneate, whitish, produced behind into a very short white-downy base; g. determinate, crowded, whitish then pale cinnamon; sp. 5 x 3.

[=scalaris=, Fr. Imbricated. P. submembranaceous, very soft, effuso-reflexed, even, glabrous, clear dilute ochre, pellucid when fresh; g. decur. from base, distant, thin, whitish then cinnamon.

=calolepis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. dimidiate, sessile and fixed by a downy nodule, white, marginate behind, variegated with minute rufescent scales; g. radiating from base, at length brownish rusty; sp. ----.

=haustellaris=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, plane, even, very slightly downy, tan; g. rounded behind, pallid then fuscous-cinnamon; s. distinct, narrowed upwards, downy, white; sp. ----.

[=Peteauxii=, Q. P. resupinate then cup-shaped, lateral, reniform, tomentose, snow-white; g. free, whitish then ochre.

=rubi=, Berk. (= _Naucoria effugiens_, Q.) P. 0.5-1 cm. convexo-plane, edge incurved, pale yellowish tan, sprinkled with glistening particles; g. adnato-decur. rather broad, greyish then umber; s. 3-6 mm. incurved; sp. 5-7 long.

=chimnophilus=, B. and Br. P. 4-6 mm. convex, edge incurved, downy, whitish; g. attenuated behind, distant, narrow, pale tan; s. very short or obsolete; sp. 5 x 3.

=epibryus=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 mm. resupinate, sessile, adnate by the vertex, silky then smooth; g. radiating from the centre, thin, crowded, whitish then reddish-yellow; sp. ----.

[=inhonestus=, Karst. P. resupinate, sessile, adnate laterally or by the vertex, rather silky, orbicular or subreniform, whitish; g. broad, thin, white then brownish; sp. 6-8 x 5.

=Phillipsii=, B. and Br. P. 4-6 cm. rather fleshy, oblique, striate, smooth, pale umber; g. narrow, ventricose, slightly adnate, pale tan; s. short, solid, incurved; sp. 5-7 x 2.5.

=pezizoides=, Nees. P. 3-4 mm. sessile, thin, cup-shaped then recurved, mealy, subtomentose, whitish; g. radiating from the centre, rather distant, brownish-olive then tawny.

=luteolus=, Lamb. P. thin, stipitate at first then resupinate and stem disappearing, tomentose, clear yellow then pale; g. crowded, orange-yellow then cinnamon; sp. rusty.

=Ralfsii=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. convex, edge incurved, delicately hispid or scurfy, yellow, fixed by cottony mycelium, stem obsolete; g. rather broad, ventricose, pale tan, edge whitish; sp. ----.

=Parisotii=, Pat. Minute. P. sessile, minutely velvety, bright citrin, stem almost obsolete, white, downy, edge incurved; g. very distant, reddish; sp. 4-5 x 2.

Only appears to differ from _C. luteolus_ in being somewhat smaller.

[=subintiger=, Schulz. P. thin, cylindrical then cyphelliform, fixed by centre, orbicular-reniform, whitish, slightly tomentose; g. radiating from centre, free, distant, ventricose, yellowish brown, edge wavy and fimbriate; sp. 3-4 long.

[=pallescens=, Q. P. umbil. downy, yellowish white; g. adnate, white then pallid; s. short incurved, downy, white; sp. 7 long.

[=scutellinus=, Q. P. convexo-plane, vertex minutely mucronate, pellucid, rivulosely striate, whitish then ochre; s. filiform, arcuate, short, downy, colour of p.; g. narrow, adnate, denticulate, white then pale ochre; sp. 7 long.

[=Cesatii=, Rab. P. sessile, resupinate, rather tough, soft, whitish or pallid gilvous; g. broad, pallid; sp. pale yellow; sp. 6-7 x 4-6.

Habit of _Claudopus variabilis_, but p. not tomentose, g. not reddish, and pale sp.

[=proboscideus=, Fr. P. resupinate, campan. vertex prominent, pedunculate, even, pubescent, ochraceous; g. radiating from an excentric point, thin, straight, colour of p.

Must be carefully distinguished from _Pax. panuoides_.

=epigaeus=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. thin, reniform or flabellate, reddish-grey, base downy, whitish; g. distinct, narrow, diverging, watery rufescent; sp. 10 x 7.

Entire fungus soft and watery; growing on naked damp earth.

MELANOSPORAE.

A. _Gills free from stem._

=Chitonia=. Volva present, ring absent.

=Agaricus=. (= _Psalliota_, Fr.) Ring present, volva absent.

=Pilosace=. Volva and ring both absent.

B. _Gills attached to stem._ (Quite free from stem in some species
of _Coprinus_.)

+ _Stem with a distinct membranous ring._

=Stropharia=. Gills adnate dark brown or purplish.

=Anellaria=. Gills adnexed, grey and clouded with the black spores.

++ _Ring very imperfect or absent; gills decurrent._

=Gomphidius=. Gills subgelatinous.

+++ _Gills not decurrent, not adhering laterally when young, not
deliquescent._

=Hypholoma=. Gills sinuate, dark brown or blackish-purple; veil often hanging in fragments from edge of pileus.

=Panaeolus=. Edge of pileus extending beyond the gills, pileus not striate.

=Psathyrella=. Pileus sulcate or striate.

=Psathyra=. Stem fragile; edge of pileus straight when young.

=Psilocybe=. Stem tough; edge of pileus incurved when young.

++++ _Gills adhering laterally when young, deliquescing at
maturity._

=Coprinus=. Ring and volva present in some species, ring alone others, both absent in others; gills adnate, adnexed or free.

+++++ _Flesh of pileus entirely absent, the gills radiating from
the stem free and unconnected by flesh above._

=Montagnites=. Volva present, buried in the ground.

CHITONIA, Fr.

=rubriceps=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. reddish-brown; g. free, purplish-brown; s. 6-7 cm. hollow, paler than p., volva large, free edge torn; sp. 12 x 6.

Introduced along with living plants into Kew Gardens.

[=coprinus=, Fr. (= _Ag. involucratus_, Mont.) P. fleshy, convex, viscid, yellowish, sometimes floccosely scaly from fragments of volva; g. free, smoky-black; s. fistulose, naked, whitish, volva very small.

Unless the small volva is noticed, this fungus will be considered as a sp. of _Coprinus_.

AGARICUS, L.

A. EDULES. _Large, fleshy._

=augustus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. globose then exp. very obtuse, disc even, rest fibrillosely-scaly, pale yellow-brown; g. crowded, narrow, fuscous, remote from stem; s. 8-14 cm. solid, ring superior, large, areolately squamulose below; sp. 6 x 3.5. Edible.

=peronatus=, Mass. P. hemispher. then exp. dull ochre, densely scaly; g. distant from stem, crowded, purple-brown; s. 10-14 cm. equal, marginately bulbous, hollow, with large spreading white scales up to broad spreading ring; sp. 6 x 4. Edible.

Differs from _A. augustus_ in hollow, peronate stem.

=elvensis=, B. and Br. P. 9-15 cm. subglobose then exp. fibrillose, broken up into large persistent brown scales, edge warted; g. crowded; s. 8-12 cm. narrowed at base, fibrillose, ring large, thick, warted below; sp. 8 x 4. Edible.

[=praenitens=, Beck. P. hemispher. exp. white, with densely imbricated chestnut scales which become smaller and denser at disc; g. remote, purple-brown, edge white; s. clavato-bulbous, concentrically scaly up to large ring, white; sp. 7-8 x 5.

=arvensis=, Schaeff. P. 10-24 cm. conico-campan. then exp. smooth, even, white often stained yellow, flesh white, unchangeable; g. close to stem, narrow; s. 6-12 cm. hollow, whitish, floccosely stuffed, ring pendulous, double, exterior radiately split; sp. 6 x 4. (9-11 x 6 Sacc.) Edible.

var. _purpurascens_, Cke. Smaller than type. P. tinged purple.

Differs from _Ag. xanthodermus_ in the persistently white flesh.

=xanthodermus=, Genev. (= _Ag. flavescens_, Roze.) P. 6-10 cm. fleshy, convex, even, glabrous, greyish-white, cuticle becoming yellowish when touched, and the white flesh changing to yellow when broken; g. free, sinuate, pale rose then grey, finally purple-brown; s. cylindrical, stuffed, ring thin, flesh deep yellow at base, rest white; sp. ----.

Differs from _A. arvensis_ in flesh becoming yellow, and in yellow base of stem.

[=ammophilus=, Menier. P. convex, exp. thick, whitish; g. free, crowded, rosy; s. stout, solid, base more or less thickened, whitish, ring membranous, strongly adherent to apex of s. slightly striate, with a circular canal; sp. 6-7.5 x 4-7.

=cretaceus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then convex, shining white, at first smooth and silky, then fibrillosely squamulose; g. for a long time white, then blackish-brown; s. 6-8 cm. white, hollow, ring large, superior, fixed; sp. 9 x 6. Edible.

=pratensis=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. ovoid then exp. even or squamulose, greyish-white; g. rounded behind, grey then brown; s. 4-6 cm. stuffed, base thickened, naked, ring median, simple, deciduous; sp. 6 x 3.5.

var. _fulveolus_, Lasch. P. squamuloso-fibrillose, yellowish or reddish; s. hollow, yellowish; g. tawny-denticulate.

[=Bernardii=, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P. 10-20 cm. convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white; s. solid, stout, ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate above; g. free, greyish-pink then bay-brown; flesh white, becoming purplish then brownish when broken; sp. subgl. 8.

Foetid. Edible.

=campestris=, L. 6-12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky or fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut; g. close to stem, subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median, torn; sp. 7-8 x 5-6. Edible.

var. _alba_, Berk. P. rather silky white; s. short.

var. _praticola_, Vitt. P. with rufous scales, flesh reddish.

var. _rufescens_, Berk. P. rufous, minutely scaly; s. elongated.

var. _umbrina_, Vitt. P. even, umber; s. stout, squamulose.

var. _fulvaster_, Viv. P. even, ochraceous-tawny; s. solid; g. rosy then blackish.

var. _villaticus_, Brond. P. cortex breaking up into scales; s. peronately scaly up to inf. ring.

var. _silvicola_, Vitt. P. almost smooth, white, shining; s. stuffed, elongated, subbulbous, ring simple, flesh not changing colour.

var. _robustissimus_, Pen. P. equal, large, 32 cm.; g. very broad, up to 2 cm.; s. tall, 13 cm. high, 6 cm. thick.

var. _exsertus_, Viv. P. fleshy, almost even, glabrous, white, flesh red; s. hollow, slender, rather wavy, smooth ring small and torn, appendiculate.

var. _hortensis_, Cke. P. fibrillose or squamulose, brownish. The variety commonly cultivated in England.

var. _costatus_, Viv. P. sulcate, wavy.

var. _vaporarius_, Otto. P. and s. with a brown pilose covering.

var. _exannulatus_, Cke. P. squamulose; s. elongated, equal, solid, ring evanescent or obsolete.

=perrera=, Schulz. (= _Psal. Bresadolae_, Schulz.) P. 8-10 cm. hemispher. then exp. yellowish, centre tawny, covered with concentrically arranged tawny scales; g. remote, crowded, joined in a ring behind, rosy then fuscous; s. equal, 9-10 cm. stuffed then hollow, base submarginately bulbous, with evanescent tawny scales below the large superior ring; sp. 8-10 x 5.

[=bitorquis=, Q. P. 5-9 cm. globose then exp. almost glabrous, milk-white then cream or ochre at the edge; g. remote from s. becoming deep brown; s. solid, ovoid, glabrous, white, with a membranous ring near the apex and a volva-like ring near the base, separated by a concave notch; sp. 5-6 long. Edible.

[=flavescens=, Gillet. P. globose then convex, dry, satiny, white, soon tinged yellow or reddish-yellow; g. broad, brown; stem with a turbinate bulb, white, suffused with reddish-yellow; flesh white, ring fugacious; sp. 8 x 4.

=silvaticus=, Schaeff. P. 6-9 cm. thin, campan. then exp. gibbous, fibrillose or squamulose, centre brownish becoming paler at edge; g. crowded, dry; s. 8-12 cm. hollow, equal, whitish, ring simple, distant; sp. 7 x 4.

=haemorrhoidarius=, Kalchbr. P. 7-12 cm. ovate then exp. rufous-brown, covered with broad adpressed scales, edge at first incurved, flesh deep red when broken; g. crowded, purple-umber; s. 8-11 cm. white, soon hollow, fibrillose base solid, subbulbous, stains red when bruised, ring superior, large; sp. 7-8 x 5. Edible.

[=sanguinarius=, Karst. Flesh blood-red when broken. P. campan. exp. obtuse, usually wavy, even, pale fuscous, broken up into squamules; g. free, crowded, white, rosy-umber; s. elongated, subequal, curved, silky-flocculose then almost glabrous, white, ring superior, pendulous, fixed, persistent, areolately-scaly outside near edge; sp. 5-7 x 3-4.

[=niveorubens=, Q. Floccose, shining white, everywhere becoming red.

Quelet now considers this to be a form of _Ag. sylvatica_, Schaeff., to which sp. he also refers _Ag. setigera_, Paul., _Ag. haemorrhoidaria_, Kalchb., _Ag. rubella_, Gill., and _Ag. Vaillantii_, Roze and Rich.

=setiger=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, smooth and silky, pale umber; g. umber; s. stuffed, elongated, equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, colour of p., ring thin, fugacious.

[=rubellus=, Gillet. P. exp. obtusely umb. with reddish scales, especially at the disc, which is deep red-brown, paler towards edge; g. crowded; s. hollow, cartilaginous, base swollen; ring fugacious; flesh white.

[=lecensis=, Harz. Smells like aniseed. P. convex then almost plane, yellowish-white, often broken up into brown polygonal pyramidal patches; g. white, rosy-violet, then brown, both ends narrowed; s. solid, coarsely scaly above, white becoming tinted rosy or yellow; ring conspicuous, radiately striate, outside scaly; sp. 14-15 x 5.5-7.

[=caldarius=, Wettst. P. convex then exp. white, disc even, brownish squamulose towards edge; g. remote, narrow; s. glabrous, whitish; sp. 9-14 x 5-11.

B. MINORES. _Flesh of pileus thin._

=comptulus=. P. 3-4 cm. convexo-plane, adpressedly silky, white; g. flesh-colour then rosy; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, yellowish-white, ring median; sp. 4-5 x 2-3.

=sagatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny, glabrous; g. ventricose, umber; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, equal, pale, ring distant, spreading; sp. 6 x 3-4.

[=amethystinus=, Q. P. 3-4 cm. convex then plane, umb. downy or fibrillose, white with the centre rose, lilac or amethyst; g. free, ventricose, clear grey then bay-brown; s. slender, with a silky pith, somewhat bulbous, fragile, glabrous, white, with a satiny, white ring; sp. 6-7 long.

[=semotus=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, brick-red, disc darker; g. rather distant from stem, pallid; s. fistulose, reddish and more or less peronate up to spreading ring, pale above; sp. 4-5 x 2-3.

[=dulcidulus=, Kalchbr. P. plane, subgibbous, almost glabrous, dry, lurid white or ochre; g. crowded, grey then blackish; s. subbulbous, colour of p., ring median, persistent.

Umbo often tinged fuscous or violet.

=rusiophyllus=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, umbonate, silky, ruddy, becoming pale; g. crowded, rosy then brown; s. 3-4 cm. thickened downwards, white, ring persistent; sp. 5 x 3.

[=zonarius=, Brond. P. 1 cm. convex, with pellucid brown-violet zones; g. free, rosy then bay-bistre; s. solid, elongated, ring membranous, white.

[=geniculatus=, Brig. P. campan. exp. tumid, glabrous, pale bay, edge split here and there; g. free, remote from stem; s. bent, base thickened, ring inf.

Remarkable in this genus for growing on wood.

[=haematospermus=, Bull. P. campan. then exp. then umb. and scaly, brownish tan then blackish; g. rosy-blood-red then fuscous; s. fistulose, equal, glabrous, colour of p., ring median, erect; sp. 4-5 x 3.

=subgibbosus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. even, glabrous but silky towards edge, yellowish; g. remote from stem, white then greyish-fuscous; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, slender, ring fugacious.

PILOSACE, Fr.

=algeriensis=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. convex then exp. even, glabrous, white then disc tinged brownish; flesh very thick, white; g. very narrow, rosy then umber; s. 3-5 cm. very stout, white, base thickened, solid; sp. subgl. 8.

[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. very thin and very fragile, irreg. campan. then exp. and edge wavy, margin split, pale yellow-fuscous, glabrous, even; g. free, blackish-brown, edge white-mealy; s. often slightly wavy, apex abruptly contracted, white; sp. 9 x 4-5.

Many plants spring from a subterranean fleshy mass.

[=Phoenix=, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous then pale; g. free, ventricose, pallid then umber; s. stuffed, striate, subbulbous, rooting, pallid.

STROPHARIA, Fr.

A. VISCIPELLES. _Pellicle of pileus even or scaly, often viscid._

* MUNDI. _Not growing on dung._

[=depilata=, Pers. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-livid then tan; g. adnato-decur. broad, white then blackish; s. solid, with white revolute squarrose white scales below the ample ring; sp. 11-14 x 6-8.

=Percevali=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. rather viscid, umb. then exp. ochre, scaly at first near edge; g. adnexed, broad distant; s. 5-7 cm. squamulose up to ring, dark inside; sp. 12-14 x 6.

_S. squamosa_ differs in adnate, crowded g.

=versicolor=, With. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, scaly, edge incurved; g. decur. pallid then reddish-brown; s. 5 cm. whitish then brownish, ring persistent.

A species about which little is known.

=aeruginosa=, Curt. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. subumb. or quite plane, at first with bluish-green mucus and sometimes with white squamules, then yellowish; g. adnate, purplish; s. 5-6 cm. viscid, squamulose below ring, tinged green, often quite glabrous; sp. 10 x 5.

Very variable within certain limits. Often stout and deep coloured in shady woods. Slender and soon dry in open pastures.

=squamulosa=, Massee (= _S. aeruginosa_; var. _squamulosa_, Mass.). P. 4-6 cm. soon plane, deep verdigris-green, dry, squamulose; g. crowded, brown; s. 5-7 cm. stout, fibrilloso-squamulose, green, ring fragmentary; sp. 8-9 x 5.

Superficially like _S. aeruginosa_, but dry and silky, innately squamulose, and brown g.

=albocyanea=, Desm. 1.5-2 cm. exp. umb. viscid, greenish-blue then whitish; g. purplish; s. 3-5 cm. slender, flexuous, pallid or tinged green, ring incomplete; sp. 7-8 x 3-4.

Differs from _S. Worthingtoni_ in greenish p.

[=Tavastense=, Karst. P. convex then flat, disc often depr. sometimes umb. glabrous, with concentric yellowish-white squamules near edge, yellowish livid then dingy tawny tan; g. adnexed, crowded; s. straight, fragile, almost equal, solid, pale then fuscescent, ring torn, fugacious.

[=consentiens=, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. then depr. even, glabrous, rather viscid, yellowish-livid, tinged olive, edge involute; g. adnate, paler than p.; s. subequal, stuffed, wavy, apex pruinose, yellowish rusty.

[=coprinifacies=, Roll. P. hygr. conico-campan. then exp. viscid, umber brown then pallid, with blue mucus; g. ventricose, both ends narrowed, dusky purple, edge white; s. dingy white tinged blue, ring median; sp. 20 x 7.

=inuncta=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. with livid purple gluten that disappears, then pale; g. adnate, pale brown; s. 4-7 cm. flexuous, white, fibrillose below distant imperfect ring; sp. 8 x 6.

=coronilla=, Bull. P. 3-4 cm. plane, tawny-ochre then pale, edge white flocculose; g. sinuato-adnate, violet, edge white; s. 2-3 cm. white, ring median, violet-striate; sp. 10 x 5.

=ventricosa=, Mass. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. broadly gibbous, slightly viscid, tawny-ochre then paler; g. almost free, purplish; s. 5-7 cm. ventricose below middle, base rooting, pale, ring large, striate, apical; sp. 10 x 6.

[=fusoidea=, Pat. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. edge striate, ochre; g. adnate, purplish; s. elongated, slender, smooth, strongly ventricose near the base, whitish, ring distant; sp. 12-14 x 6-7.

Differs from _S. ventricosa_ in being smaller, and in the small, distant ring.

=obturata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. becoming cracked into squamules, almost dry, yellow; g. adnate, purplish-umber; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, short, narrowed downwards, white, ring tumid; sp. 7 x 4.

[=capillacea=, Gillet. P. conico-campan. very finely wrinkled, reddish brown with whitish flecks near margin more especially; g. blackish brown, edge toothed; s. whitish, squamulose, ring fugacious.

=melasperma=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, rather viscid, white or yellowish; g. ventricose, blackish violet; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, equal, white, ring superior, deciduous; sp. 10 x 6.

=squamosa=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. exp. subviscid, yellowish-tan with evanescent concentric scales; g. adnate, blackish, edge white; s. 7-12 cm. pallid, rusty near base, squamulose up to distant ring; sp. 12 x 6.

var. _thrausta_ (_Ag. thrausta_, Kalchbr.). Slender, fragile, hygr. not scaly; sp. 12-15 x 6.

var. _aurantiaca_, Cke. P. orange or brick-red.

[=albonitens=, Fr. P. thin, exp. gibbous, viscid, glabrous, hyaline-white, shining white when dry; g. adnate, crowded, pale fuscous; s. stuffed with pith, everywhere floccosely villose, pale straw when dry; sp. 6-9 x 4-5.

=Worthingtoni=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. viscid, yellow; g. adnate, broad, brown; s. 4-7 cm. slender, flexuous, dark blue, ring incomplete; sp. 7 x 4.

Differs from _S. albocyanea_ in the yellow p.

[=palustris=, Q. P. hemispher. umb. rather viscid, hygr. greyish-tawny, disc brown; g. adnate, very broad; s. slender, white, covered with transverse tawny scales, ring distant.

** MERDARII. _Ring often incomplete._

=luteonitens=, Fl. Dan. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. umb. viscid, yellow, edge squamulose; g. adnexed, ventricose; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, even, pruinose above distant ring, whitish; sp. 10-11 x 6. (14 x 6-7 Sacc.)

Intermediate between _S. squamosa_ and _Psilocybe coprophila_, having scaly p. and ring of former, and stature of latter.

=merdaria=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, hygr. dingy yellow-brown or pale bay; g. adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. flocculose, dry, pallid, ring fugacious; sp. 8 x 5. (12-16 x 6-8 Sacc.)

[=mammilata=, Kalchbr. P. thin, exp. conico-papillate, even, viscid, pale ochre; g. rotundato-adnate, blackish brown; s. glabrous, white then yellowish, ring fugacious.

=stercoraria=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. then discoid, rather viscid, glabrous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, olive-black; s. 8-10 cm. stuffed with free pith, elongated, flocculose below the distant ring, rather viscid, white tinged yellow; sp. 18-20 x 8-10.

=semiglobata=, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. persistently hemispher. even, glutinous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, clouded black; s. 6-10 cm. glabrous, glutinous, yellowish, ring imperfect, inferior; sp. 12 x 6.

Differs from _P. stercoraria_ in persistently hemispher. p. and glabrous s.

[=siccipes=, Karst. P. hemispher. exp. obtuse, orbicular, naked, even or edge slightly pellucidly striate, viscid, whitish clay-colour; g. adnato-subdecur. clay-colour then fuscous and clouded; s. pallid, dry, straight or wavy, flocculose, pruinose above the distant, dry ring; sp. 12-15 x 7-9.

Intermediate between _S. stercoraria_ and _S. semiglobata_.

[=paradoxa=, P. Henn. P. campan. papillately umb. viscid, centre brown, edge broadly revolute, even, glabrous; g. adnato-decur. wavy, veined, dusky brown; s. wavy, striate, fibrous, yellow, base white-downy, ring black, floccose, deciduous; sp. 14-17 x 7-10.

B. SPINTRIGERI. _Pileus without a pellicle, but innately fibrous,
not viscid._

[=calceata=, Schaeff. P. exp. adpressedly fibrillose, moist, stoutly umb. even, dingy yellow then pale; g. nearly free; s. solid, glabrous, white, base marginately bulbous, limb free like a volva.

[=ocreata=, Holmsk. P. globoso-campan.-exp. obtuse, granulose then imbricately scaly, red then gilvous; g. nearly free; s. peronate up to imperfect ring.

[=medusa=, Brig. P. globose then convex, even, subrimosely squamulose when dry, yellowish white, edge lobed; g. nearly free, sooty, edge crenulate; s. solid, subtuberous, fibrillose, white, ring fugacious.

=caput-medusae=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. ovate, exp. lacunose, squamulose, discoid, umber-brown, edge ochre; g. adfixed; s. 5-9 cm. peronate with squarrose scales up to superior ring, scales at length falling away; sp. 10 x 4. (16-18 x 5 Sacc.)

=scobinacea=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. gibbous, somewhat sulcate, at first covered with crowded, blackish adpressed squamules; g. adnate, crenulate, purplish; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white, apex mealy, ring superior, fugacious; sp. ----.

[=sulcata=, Gill. P. conico-campan. umb. covered except at summit with branched ridges, reddish; g. distant; s. white, striate below and mealy above the ring.

[=sulcatula=, Gill. P. convex, rugosely ridged, when young with reddish superficial scales, then naked and whitish or tinged red at disc; sooty-brown, edge whitish, denticulate; s. elongated, squamulose up to ring, striate above, white, base rooting very cottony.

[=cotonea=, Q. At first entirely white. P. 5-7 cm. spherical then convex, snow-white, covered with floccose squamules; g. sinuate, white, then purple, at length brownish-purple, edge white; s. 3-6 cm. fistulose, curved, floccosely scaly, apex glabrous, ring floccose; sp. 10 long.

Quelet considers this species to be identical with _Hyph. lacrymabundum_, Fries.

=Battarrae=, Fr. P. hemispher. then exp., more or less olive, covered with adpressed squamules most crowded at the disc; g. sinuate, white then rosy, finally purple-brown, edge white; s. fistulose, whitish, with brownish or olive squamules up to ring, apex pruinose, ring thin, white, partly appendiculate; sp. 10 long.

[=punctulata=, Kalchbr. P. thin, convex, dry, pallid, squamulosely punctate from the veil, then naked; g. sinuato-adnate with a decur. tooth, pale umber; s. stuffed, pallid, squamulose from the veil above.

=Jerdoni=, B. and Br. P. 4-5 cm. exp. umbo fleshy, broad, ochraceous with snow-white evanescent flecks; g. adnate with a decur. line, transversely striate; s. 5-7 cm. snow-white and pulverulent above, brownish squamulose below, ring superior; sp. 10 x 5.

=spintrigera=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. ovate then exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, brownish or pinkish tan then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, floccosely-fibrillose, white, ring distant, fugacious; sp. ----.

=hypsipoda=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, hygr. brownish yellow; g. white then fuscous; s. 7-11 cm. hollow, equal, glabrous, whitish, ring median, persistent; sp. 12-14 x 6-7.

=cothurnata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, thin, white, not hygr.; g. adnexed, crowded; s. floccosely villose up to median ring, white.

ANELLARIA, Karst.

=separata=, Karst. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, not exp. viscid, dull ochre then pale and often rugulose; g. adfixed, greyish black; s. 6-10 cm. straight, white, base thickened, ring distant; sp. 10 x 7. (16-22 x 10-15 Sacc.)

=scitula=, Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan. obtuse, smooth, viscid, drab or dingy ochre; g. almost free, grey; s. 2-3 cm. peronate up to inferior ring; sp. 12-13 x 4.

=fimiputris=, Karst. P. 2.5-4 cm. conico-exp. thin, subgibbous, viscid, dusky grey; paler when dry; g. adfixed, livid blackish; s. 6-10 cm. pallid, slender, equal, pallid, with ring reduced to a zone; sp. 9-10 x 6.

GOMPHIDIUS, Fr.

=glutinosus=, Schaeff. P. 4-10 cm. obtuse, glutinous, purplish-brown; g. slightly decur. whitish then grey; s. 4-9 cm. whitish, ring indistinct, solid, flesh white, yellow at base; sp. 18-20 x 6-7.

var. _roseus_, Fr. Smaller. P. rosy; s. white, base rosy outside and inside.

=viscidus=, Sow. P. 5-12 cm. fleshy, at length umb. edge acute, viscid, reddish-brown; g. decur. purple-umber, branched; s. 6-10 cm. yellow-brown, flesh yellow-brown, deepest at base; sp. 18-20 x 6.

var. _testaceus_, Fr. P. and base of s. outside and in brick-red; g. plano-decur.

=maculatus=, Scop. P. 5-7 cm. convex, viscid, whitish, spotted with black when old; g. decur. branched, umber; s. 3-4 cm. cylindrical, yellow, flesh reddish.

var. _Cookei_, Mass. P. 2-4 cm. convex then either subdepr. or gibbous, viscid, whitish with black stains; g. decur. whitish then brownish; s. 6 cm. narrowed downwards, pale then blackish, flesh dark at base; sp. 20 x 5-6.

=gracilis=, B. P. 2-3 cm. conical then hemispher. sometimes depr. and subumb. vinous brown, or tan with gluten that leaves blackish spots; g. decur. whitish then bistre; s. 3-5 cm. flexuous, pallid, base yellow; sp. 16-18 x 5.

HYPHOLOMA, Fr.

* FASCICULARES. _Pileus tough, glabrous, bright coloured when dry,
not hygr._

=silaceum=, Pers. P. 6-8 cm. convex, orange-rufous, edge whitish and silky; g. adnate, grey then olive; s. 6-7 cm. bulbous, shining; sp. ----.

Fries says it is solitary, Secretan says caespitose from a common base.

=sublateritium=, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. convexo-plane, discoid, dry, becoming glabrous, orange brick-red, edge pale, flesh compact, whitish; g. adnate, white then smoky olive; s. 6-10 cm. fibrillose, rusty; sp. 8 x 4.

var. _Schaefferi_, Fr. P. yellow; s. hollow, equal.

var. _squamosa_, Fr. P. brick-red, edge yellow with superficial scales, flesh thick, yellowish.

[=transversum=, Gill. P. exp. obtusely umb. glabrous, brick-red, disc darker; g. yellowish, narrowed at both ends, connected by strong veins; s. solid, glabrous, pale above, base rusty.

=capnoides=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse, very glabrous, yellow or tinged tawny; g. adnate, grey then purplish; s. 5-9 cm. pallid, slightly silky; sp. 8 x 4.

=epixanthum=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. subgibbous, silky then glabrous, pale yellow, disc often tawny, flesh yellow; g. yellowish white then grey; s. 7-10 cm. floccosely fibrillose, whitish, apex mealy; sp. 7 x 4.

=elaeodes=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subumb. dry, glabrous, brick-red, flesh yellow; g. green then pure olive; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, rusty; sp. 5-6 x 3-4.

=fasciculare=, Huds. Fasciculate, taste bitter. P. 2-5 cm. exp. subumb. tawny, edge pale; g. adnate, closely crowded, yellow then greenish, subliquescent; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, flesh like that of p. yellow; sp. 7 x 4.

Said to be a parasite on the roots of raspberry.

=instratum=, Britz. P. 2-4 cm. convex, broadly umb. dark brown, radially rugose; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. squamulose and brownish downwards; sp. 8 x 4.

[=aelopodium=, Fr. P. fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, rufescent; g. adnate, yellowish then brownish-olive; s. fistulose with a free tube inside, variegated with minute red squamules.

=dispersum=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. P. fleshy, exp. obtuse, tawny, honey-colour near the edge and silky; s. 5-9 cm. tough, silky-fibrillose, base brownish; g. subventricose, crowded, then clouded; sp. 7 x 3-4. (14 x 6 Sacc.)

[=irroratum=, Karst. P. convex, plane, gibbous, even, tawny honey-colour, edge silky pruinose; g. adnate, crowded, edge dentate, straw-colour then darker and tinged green; s. tough, fibrillosely-silky, pallid, equal, wavy below and with dense rusty down, rooting; sp. 6-8 x 4.

Smell and taste very sour. Differs from _H. dispersum_ in stem and silky silvery edge of p.

** VISCIDI. _Pileus naked, viscid._

[=Gilletii=, Alex. P. exp. glutinous, rusty or ochre, edge lilac; g. adnate, reddish-violet; s. solid, curved, strigosely-squamose, colour of p.

=incomptum=, Mass. P. 6-9 cm. campan. then exp. broadly umb. viscid when moist, deep bay-brown, tawny-orange when dry, edge wavy; g. olive clouded purple; s. 6-7 cm. rusty squamulose; sp. 8 x 3.5.

=oedipus=, Cke. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. hemispher. edge ragged, glutinous, umber edge paler; g. adnate; s. 4-5 cm. enlarged downwards to the bulbous base, ring median; sp. ----.

[=Buxbaumii=, Weinm. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-white; g. adnate, greyish-black; s. solid, long, equal, shining-white; sp. ----.

[=Prescotii=, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, rufescent; g. adnate, crowded, grey then fuscous-violet; s. stuffed, equal, elastic, white, with pale rufescent squamules.

*** VELUTINI. _Pileus innately fibrillose, silky or virgate._

=storea=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. convexo-plane, umb. dry, fibrillose with longitudinal fibrils, pale fuscous then pallid; g. adnate, dry, edge white-serrulate; s. 8-10 cm. solid, pallid; sp. ----.

=lacrymabundum=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex, obtuse, piloso-squamose, scales innate darker, whitish then darker; g. adnate, crowded, brownish-purple; s. hollow, fibrillosely-squamulose, whitish, flesh whitish; sp. 10 x 5-6.

var. _hypoxanthum_ (= _Ag. hypoxanthus_, Phil. and Plow.). Base of s. and mycelium yellow; sp. 9-11 x 5.

Quelet considers this species to be identical with his _Stroph. cotonea_.

=pyrotrichum=, Holmsk. P. 5-9 cm. hemispher. densely covered with tawny-red squamules of fasciculate hairs; flesh and veil tawny; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. fibrillose, tawny; sp. 11 x 6.

var. _egregius_, Mass. S. with spreading whitish squamules largest near ring.

=velutinum=, Pers. P. 5-9 cm. campan. then exp. at length obtusely umb. hygr. at first tomentose with adpr. fibrils then glabrous, livid then paler, flesh very thin; g. seceding, brownish-bay, spotted black; s. hollow, silky, pallid; sp. 10-12 x 5-6.

var. _leiocephalum_, B. and Br. Smaller; disc rugged, smooth except margin.

Quelet considers this species to represent the true _Ag. lachrymabundus_ of Bulliard, tab. 194.

[=melantinum=, Fr. P. campan. then exp. umber then pale, variegated with black innate pilose squamules; g. adnexed, ventricose, pale umber; s. fistulose, pallid, fibrillosely hispid; sp. 6-7 x 3-4.

[=lepidotum=, Bres. P. convex, exp. subgibbous, chestnut, centre fuscous, with black fibrils which are here and there compacted into squamules, densely striate; g. crowded, almost free, purple-brown, edge fimbriate, white; s. white, apex white-scurfy, veil evanescent; sp. 7-8 x 4-5.

**** FLOCCOLUSI. _Pileus with superficial, floccose scales which
fall away._

=cascum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. oval then exp. rugulose, becoming glabrous, greyish ochre then pale; g. ventricose, dry, very broad, grey then blackish brown; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white; sp. ----.

[=sylvestre=, Gill. P. conical then exp. obtuse, white at first, soon covered with large, adpressed brown or blackish, fibrillose scales, margin appendiculate at first; g. crowded; s. cylindrical, wavy, white.

=punctulatum=, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. 2-3 cm. convex, edge incurved, pallid, minutely squamulose; g. sinuato-adnate; s. 2-5 cm. squamuloso-fibrillose up to ring; sp. ----.

[=coriarium=, Vitt. P. convex then depr. discoid, floccosely scaly then almost glabrous, clay-colour, disc darker; g. pinkish then ochre; s. hollow, clavate, apex dilated.

[=intonsum=, Pass. P. flocculosely tomentose, veil membranaceous, appendiculate spreading; g. adnate, rosy then bay, edge white crenulate; s. hollow, white, striate, apex flocculose.

[=artemisiae=, Passer. P. thin, exp. flocculose, edge incurved, white veil evident; g. adnate, crowded, white then fuscescent, edge white, entire; s. thick, white, apex narrowed and striate, base floccose.

***** APPENDICULATI. _Pileus glabrous, hygrophanous._

=lanaripes=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. exp. edge upturned, centre conical, pallid, squamose, veil attached to margin; g. adnexed; s. 4-7 cm. fibrillose, white; sp. ----.

[=coronatum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, subisabelline centre darker and variegated with darker spots, edge with tooth-like fragments of veil; g. adnate, closely crowded, very narrow; s. glabrous, even, white.

=Candolleanum=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. campan. then exp. bay then whitish, apex tinged ochre, pruinose; g. sinuate, lilac then purple-brown, edge white; s. 4-7 cm. fistulose, slender, fibrillose, apex striate, veil membranous, forming a ring or appendiculate, white; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.

Differs from _H. appendiculatum_ in the gills being lilac or violet when young.

[=violaceo-atrum=, Letell. Caespitose. P. conical then exp. umb. dusky violet; g. brownish violet; s. fistulose, even, whitish.

=appendiculatum=, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. ovate then exp. bay then whitish, rugulose, and atomate; g. white then fleshy brown; s. 5-7 cm. glabrous, white; sp. 5 x 2.5. (6-8 x 3-4 Sacc.)

Differs from _H. Candolleanum_ by absence of violet in gills when young.

=hydrophilum=, Bull. (_Bolbitius_, Fr.). Tufted. P. 3-5 cm. convex then exp. often rather wavy and rugulose, glabrous, bay then ochre; g. adnexed, crowded, with beads of moisture, fuscous-cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. pallid; sp. 5 x 3, rusty cinnamon.

Differs from _Psil. spadicea_ in the rusty cinnamon gills and spores.

[=sublentum=, Karst. P. tough, campan.-convex, exp. obtuse, wavy, rugulose towards the edge which is silky from veil, glabrous, hygr. smoky rufous or brown then pale; g. adnate, purplish brown, edge white, flocculosely crenate; s. fibrous, hollow, white, veil append.; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.

[=subpapillatum=, Karst. Caespitose. P. exp. wavy, glabrous, rough with minute crowded warts, bay or rufous-cinnamon then pale ochre and wrinkled; g. dry; s. equal, silky-shining, apex striate and pruinose, becoming pale; sp. 5 x 2.5-3.

Differs from _Hypholoma appendiculatum_ in granulose p.

=catarium=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. hemispher. exp. ochraceous then pale; g. adnate, white then fuscous; s. 3-4 cm. white, rather shining, base thickened and white-floccose; sp. 6 x 3.

=leucotephrum=, B. and Br. Tufted. P. 5-7 cm. campan. exp. whitish, rugose, append.; g. grey then blackish; s. 6-9 cm. apex coarsely striate, ring ample; sp. 10 x 6.

[=felinum=, Pass. P. hemispher. exp. glabrous, hygr.; g. adnate, white, then fuscous; s. fistulose, short, slender, somewhat shining, base thickened and white floccose, apex striate.

=egenulum=, B. and Br. Solitary. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umb. watery white, smooth, edge appendiculate; g. purplish umber, edge white; s. 4-5 cm. fistulose; sp. ----.

=pilulaeforme=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. globose then exp. even, fuscous then ochre; g. white then brownish; s. 2-3 cm. white, at first with a ring; sp. ----.

PANAEOLUS, Fr.

* _Pileus viscid, shining when dry._

=leucophanes=, B. and Br. P. 2 cm. campan. obtuse, whitish, satiny, edge with fragments of veil; g. adnate, edge white; s. 4-5 cm. white, slightly wavy; sp. 11-13 x 7-8.

=egregius=, Mass. P. 4-5 cm. ovate-campan. even, orange-brown; g. adnexed, broad, edge paler; s. 9-12 cm. pale brown; sp. 15-17 x 7-8.

=phalenarum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, greyish then yellowish, veil append.; g. broad, greyish then black; s. 6-10 cm. equal, pruinose, pale rufescent; sp. 10 x 6.

Differs from _P. papilionaceus_ in viscid p.

** _Pileus not viscid, moist, subflocculose when dry._

=retirugis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. globose then hemisph. subumb. pinkish tan, atomate, opaque, with anastomosing raised ribs; g. greyish black; s. 5-9 cm. equal, pruinose, purplish; sp. 11-13 x 7. (15-20 x 8-9 Sacc.)

Margin often appendiculate.

[=remotus=, Schaeff. P. campan.-convex, subumb. flocculosely-rugulose when dry, smoky-tawny; g. free, at length remote, ventricose, black; s. fistulose, slender, fuscescent; sp. 11-12 x 8-9.

=sphinctrinus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. parabolic, obtuse, even, moist, grey or smoky-black, livid and rather silky when dry, veil append.; g. adnate, grey or olive then blackish with a very narrow white edge; s. 4-7 cm. sooty grey, apex even; sp. 15-17 x 9-10.

*** _Pileus not viscid, smooth, rather polished, zoneless._

=campanulatus=, L. P. 2-3 cm. campan. slightly viscid, sooty grey, paler and the cuticle often cracking or peeling when dry; g. adfixed, crowded, grey spotted with black, often with beads of moisture; s. fistulose, rufescent or reddish-grey, everywhere pruinose, summit striate; sp. 8-9 x 6. (15-18 x 9-13, Sacc.)

=papilionaceus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. pruinose, greyish, cracked into squamules when dry; g. broadly adnate, very broad, grey spotted with black; s. 6-9 cm. whitish, apex with white meal; sp. 11-12 x 7. (18 long, Quelet.)

[=subfirmus=, Karst. P. convex then plane, centre subdepr. but also subumb. even, glabrous, shining, disc subrugulose, dry, pale, smoky line often present near edge; g. adnexed with decur. tooth, lanceolate, black; s. wavy, glabrous, pale, apex flocculosely scaly; sp. 12-14 x 7-9.

=caliginosus=, Jungh. P. 2 cm. campan. obtuse, even, brown; g. adnexed, lanceolate; s. 4-7 cm. equal, even, naked, colour of p.; sp. 10 x 6-7. (16-18 x 10 Sacc.)

[=Queletii=, Schulz. Solitary, hygr. P. conical, even, pale umber disc fuscescent; g. free, ventricose, blackish, edge white; s. straight, thinner upwards, tinged reddish; sp. 13-14 long.

**** _Pileus dry, with a dark marginal zone._

=subbalteatus=, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 3-5 cm. convex, hygr. fawn-colour, rugose when dry; g. adnate, edge white, serrulate; s. 4-6 cm. red-brown, fibrous, white-fibrillose; sp. 14-15 x 8-9.

=acuminatus=, Fr. P. conico-campan. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, glabrous, shining, pinkish-buff, with a dark line near the edge; g. adnexed, very broad, whitish then grey, finally dusky bistre; s. 2-3 cm. slender, fistulose, whitish, shining, base brownish, thickened, white and downy; sp. 18 long.

[=guttulatus=, Bres. P. convexo-exp. often subumb. edge involute then spreading, black, then disc tawny, at first with grey bloom; g. colour of p. edge white pruinose then fringed with drops; s. equal, fistulose, tinged fuscous then greyish-scurfy; sp. 10 x 4.

=fimicola=, Fr. P. 2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, grey then yellowish; g. adnate, broad; s. 5-9 cm. pallid, with white meal upwards; sp. 16 x 8-10.

var. _cinctulus_, Bolton. P. reddish-cinnamon; s. dingy brown.

[=hypomelas=, Batt. P. exp. rufous-tomentose, disc blackish; g. crowded, intensely black; s. stuffed, narrowed downwards, greyish-white.

[=gomphodes=, Batt. P. campan.-convex, gibbous, dusky rufous, pannose when dry; g. free, blackish; s. stout, rigid, ascending, flocculose, rufescent, veil arachnoid.

[=Larchenfeldii=, Schulz. P. subgl. silvery, silky shining, subumbil. deeply sulcate, edge grey, wavy; g. irreg. plicate; s. hollow, with brown fibrils.

PSATHYRELLA, Fr.

* _Stem straight, glabrous._

=subatrata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, rufous-umber, paler when dry, edge striate; g. adnate, crowded; s. 8-10 cm. fistulose, white then pallid; sp. 12-15 x 6-8.

=gracilis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. smoky or greyish then rosy, slightly striate only when moist; g. broadly adnate, edge rosy; s. 6-7 cm. fragile, straight, pallid; sp. 7 x 3.5. (12-14 x 6-8 Sacc.)

Pileus tinged rose and rugulose when dry.

[=longicauda=, Karst. P. convex, glabrous, pellucidly striate to umbo, smoky yellow, hygr.; g. adnate, crowded, blackish purple, edge white; s. fistulose, equal, subglabrous, apex white-mealy, remarkably rooting; sp. 13-16 x 7-9.

Differs from _P. gracilis_ in larger sp., white edge to g., and rooting stem.

[=squamifera=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, pellucidly striate to middle, rugulose, livid fuscous, pale tan when dry, with scattered, white fibrillose scales; g. adnate, entirely grey then fuscescent; s. equal, silky, apex pruinoso-flocculose then almost glabrous, pallid, base oblique, strigosely rooting; sp. 11-13 x 6.

Differs from _P. gracilis_ in silky s., gills all one colour, &c.

[=impatiens=, Fr. P. thin, campan. obtuse, livid yellow, furcato-sulcate; g. adnate; s. straight, weak, white; sp. 12-15 x 6-8.

[=biformis=, Schulz. P. conic, even, glabrous, white then tinged flesh-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed, ventricose; s. filiform, glabrous, even, whitish; sp. 11-14 x 6.

=hiascens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. brownish, fisso-sulcate; g. adnato-linear; s. 3-4 cm. straight, glabrous, white; sp. 7 x 3.5. (10-12 x 7-10 Sacc.)

[=gracilipes=, Pat. P. persistently campan. sulcate up to disc, reddish-brown; g. nearly free, broad, blackish, subdeliquescent; s. slender, tall, rigid, hollow, whitish, ring median, very distinct, fugacious; sp. 8 x 4.

=arata=, B. P. 2-3 cm. campan.-conic, rather acute, brown then paler, coarsely sulcate; g. free; s. 8-12 cm. white; sp. ----.

=trepida=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, fragile, densely and finely striate, dusky; g. ventricose, crowded; s. 6-7 cm. pellucid, hyaline; sp. 12 diam.

=hydrophora=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. and striate, edge revolute, disc rufous; g. adnate, crowded, narrow; s. 5-7 cm. straight from a curved base, white, beaded with drops of water; sp. 11-18 x 7-8.

[=graveolens=, Sacc. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. obtusely umb. blackish fuscous, silky-atomate; g. rather crowded, broadish, black; s. slender, cylindrical, glabrous, fuscous; sp. 5-6 x 2.

[=ampelina=, Foex and Viala. P. conical then exp. almost smooth, pale brown, thin, slightly pilose; g. crowded, narrow, rosy violet then greyish brown; s. white, shining, springing from a copious creeping mycelium; sp. 4-5 long.

** _Stem more or less flexuous, apex mealy._

=caudata=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. striate, hygr. dry, disc even, pinkish tan; g. adnate, very broad; s. 7-11 cm. slightly narrowed to rooting base, whitish; sp. 12-15 x 6-9.

[=circellatipes=, Ben. Caespitose, hygr. P. conico-campan. pilose then glabrous, rufous-brown then tawny ochre, at last pale ochre; g. blackish, edge white, denticulate; s. long, white or pallid, apex mealy, base with several delicate, narrow, tawny ochre rings; sp. 13-15 x 8-9.

[=sulcata=, Dun. P. campan. umb. bay then blackish; g. broad, subliquescent; s. stuffed, equal.

[=asperella=, Q. P. cinnamon, apex darker, becoming pale, whitish and transparent, squamulose when young; g. distant, narrowed at both ends, whitish then powdered with the black spores; s. short, thick, cylindrical then elongated, wavy, white, base often swollen; sp. 6-9 x 4.

=prona=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. hemispher. striate, hygr. smoky, opaque and silky-atomate when dry; g. adnate, grey then dusky-violet, edge often rosy; s. 2-3 cm. equal, flexuous, whitish; sp. 10 x 4-5. (12-18 x 8-9 Sacc.)

=empyreumatica=, B. and Br. Strong scented. P. 2-3 cm. exp. hygr. rufous then pale and atomate; g. adnate, broad, connected by veins, edge pale; s. 4-6 cm. silkily-scurfy, pale; sp. ----.

Closely resembling _Pholiota confragosa_.

[=infida=, Q. P. conical, 1 cm. very thin, floccosely downy, greyish bistre; g. adnate, triangular, distant, creamy then flesh-colour, finally bay with a white edge; s. fistulose, filiform, wavy, somewhat pruinose, pinkish bistre; sp. 12 long.

=atomata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, slightly striate, hygr., rugulose, atomate, pale ochre, whitish, or tinged rose when dry; g. adnate, broad; s. 4-5 cm. slightly flexuous, white, apex scurfy; sp. 10 x 4. (13-15 x 5-8 Sacc.)

Differs from _P. gracile_ in flexuous and scurfy s. and not rose-edged gills.

var. _expolita_, Fr. Smaller. P. conical, edge striate; s. undulating, glabrous; sp. 12-14 x 6.

[=subatomata=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, fragile, deeply striate, hygr. rugose when dry, grey or livid, centre more or less bay, tinged rosy when dry; g. adnexed, ventricose, greyish then black, edge rosy; hyaline, pallid, white when dry, apex pruinose, base fibrously rooting; sp. 10-14 x 5-7.

[=subrosea=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, entirely striate, naked, livid fuscous, rosy in dry weather; g. adnate, segmentoid, grey, edge rosy; s. wavy, naked, whitish; sp. 10-13 x 5-6.

[=expolita=, Fr. Small. P. conical, edge striate, and with the wavy stem, glabrous; g. not crowded, greyish-brown; s. 12-14 x 6.

=crenata=, Lasch. P. 1.5-2 cm. hemispher. sulcate, edge crenate, yellowish and atomate when dry; g. adnate; s. 3-5 cm. whitish, striate and mealy upwards; sp. 11-13 x 5-6.

=disseminata=, Pers. Densely tufted. P. 1-1.5 cm. ovate-campan. furfuraceous then naked, sulcate, yellowish then grey; g. adnate; s. 2-3 cm. lax, scurfy then glabrous; sp. 6-10 x 3-5.

[=consimilis=, Bres. and Henn. P. conico-campan. exp. hyaline yellowish at first then centre yellowish, edge greyish-fuscous, striate, glabrous; g. rotundato-adnate, white then flesh-colour, then blackish-brown, edge white fimbriate; s. hyaline white, fibrillose then almost glabrous; sp. 6-7 x 3.5-4, cystidia fusoideo-ventricose.

[=subtilis=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, almost glabrous, hygr. pellucidly striate when moist, ochre then pale; g. adnate, edge whitish; s. filiform, lax, glabrous; sp. 12-16 x 5-8.

With a scurfy veil when young?

PSATHYRA, Fr.