Chapter II: MYCENARII. P. at first campanulate, margin straight, adpressed

to stem._

* _Gills broad, perfect, unequal._

=campanella=, Batsch. P. 1 cm. convex, umbil. striate, hygr. rusty yellow; g. connected by veins, arcuate, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. horny, bay, base narrowed, tawny-strigose; sp. 6-7 x 3-4.

var. _badipus_, Cke. Base of s. slightly bulbous.

var. _papillata_, Fr. P. acutely conical.

var. _myriadea_, Kalchbr. Small, caespitose.

[=incomis=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous or broken up into squamules, pale fuscous; g. adnato-decur. broad, white; s. tough, thinner below, colour of p.; sp. ----.

[=psilocyboides=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, tawny yellow; g. very broad, yellowish-white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, bay, white-fibrillose, apex paler and pruinose; sp. ----.

[=brunneola=, Q. Chestnut umber. P. umbil. squamulose; g. arcuate, white; s. floccosely punctate, base with spreading fawn-coloured down; sp. 10.

[=atripes=, Rab. P. thin, plano-depr. infundib. brown, pale and silky shining when dry; g. very broad behind, brownish, albo-pruinose; s. black, base bluish-pruinose.

[=Laestadii=, Fr. P. hemispherical, umbil. even, tawny-bay, shining; g. distinct, yellow; s. rigid rufous bay.

=picta=, Fr. P. 1 cm. campan. cucullate, umbil. glabrous, striate, fuscous; g. very broad, pallid; s. horny, bay, membranous spreading base tawny; sp. 7-10 x 4.

=camptophylla=, B. P. 1 cm. convex then exp. deeply striate, disc brown, rest pale grey; g. ascending then abruptly decur. white; s. 3-4 cm. very slender, whitish, base radiately strigose; sp. 8-10 x 6-8.

[=cyanophylla=, Fr. P. thin, camp. umbil. striate, livid or bluish becoming yellowish; g. clear blue; s. glabrous; sp. 5-7 x 3-4.

[=Cornui=, Q. P. umbil. tawny; g. yellow with violet tinge; s. horny, bay, base inflated, downy, yellow.

[=reclina=, Fr. P. thin, rigid camp. then entirely infundib. livid; g. thick, white or grey; s. tough; sp. 6 x 4-5.

[=deflexa=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, mostly umbil. everywhere striate, fuscescent or pale livid, pale when dry; g. decur. arcuate, white; s. solid, tough, pallid, glabrous; sp. 6-7 x 4-6.

=umbratila=, Fr. P. 2 cm. thin, campan. then convex, umbil. umber brown, hygr.; g. broad, brownish; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, brownish; sp. 7 x 5.

Readily mistaken with _Coll. atrata_ and _C. ambusta_, differs in subdecur. gills.

[=invita=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, striate when moist, sooty or livid sooty, pale when dry; g. adnate, very broad, white; s. colour of p.; sp. glob. 5-6.

=grisea=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. glabrous, everywhere striate, livid grey then hoary; g. distant, greyish; s. greyish-white, apex thickened, 5-7 cm.; sp. 7-8 x 4.

[=setipes=, Fr. P. convex, subpapillate, everywhere striate, brownish-grey; g. greyish white, connected by veins; s. filiform, base pubescent; sp. 6-7 x 2-3.

=fibula=, Bull. P. up to 1 cm. cucullate then exp. umbil. striate, orange yellow then pale; g. deeply decur. pale; s. 3-4 cm. very slender, weak, pale orange; sp. 4-5 x 2.

var. _Swartzii_, Fr. Apex of stem violet.

[=chlorocyanea=, Pat. Small, entirely bluish green outside and inside. P. convex; g. distant, decur. unequal; s. solid, slender.

=directa=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 mm. nail-shaped flat at apex, white; g. decur. white; s. rather wavy, 2 cm. whitish, tinged rufous, with long hairs at base.

=belliae=, Johnst. P. 1 cm. thin, dry, top-shaped, infundib. pallid; g. decur. thick, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, adhering by a cottony base.

[=pectinata=, Rom. Entirely white, glabrous, hygr. P. thin, convex, umbil. edge wavy or lobed, sulcate to middle; g. decur. distant; s. subequal, almost glabrous; sp. 6-7 x 3.

=gracillima=, Weinm. Snow-white. P. 4-5 mm. downy, sulcate; g. decur. distant, thin; s. 1.5 cm. filiform, base cottony; sp. 6-7 x 3.

[=gracilis=, Q. Snow-white. P. apiculate, striato-sulcate, glabrous; g. arcuate, distant; s. filiform, pellucid, pruinose, base downy, rooting; sp. 8 x 2.

[=candida=, Bres. Shining white. P. thin, convex, exp. often papillate, glabrous, pellucidly striate; g. deeply decur. connected by veins at base; s. splitting into fibres, glabrous, base rooting, strigose; sp. 9-11 x 4.5-5.

=bullula=, Brig. White. P. 3-4 mm. even, hemisph. diaphanous; g. arched, decur.; s. 2 cm. filiform.

** _Gills fold-like, narrow._

=integrella=, Pers. White. P. 3-7 mm. hemisph. then exp. pellucid-striate; g. equal, fold-like, distant, rather branched; s. very slender, pubescent; sp. 6-7 x 4.

[=microscopica=, Wirt. Minute, diaphanous. P. 3-4 mm. infundib. 4-6, sulcate; g. very narrow, arcuate; s. capillary.

=polyadelphus=, Lasch. Pure white. P. 2-3 mm. coarsely striate and minutely flocculose; g. decurrent; s. 1-2 cm. very slender, base downy; sp. 5 x 2.5.

[=cuspidata=, Q. Hyaline white. P. very acuminate, striate, flocculose; g. decur. branched; s. filiform, pulverulent, the slight bulb hairy; sp. 8 long.

[=crispula=, Q. White, diaphanous. P. crisped, pruinose; g. wrinkled, very thin; s. short, filiform, pruinose; sp. 8 long.

[=gibba=, Pat. (= _Cyphella infundibuliformis_, Fr.). White, minute. P. trumpet-shaped, gibbous then deeply infundib. downy; g. mere traces of folds; s. slender, downy.

PLEUROTUS, Fr.

A. EXCENTRICI. _Pileus entire, extended laterally, excentric but
not truly lateral._

* _Veil forming a ring on the stem._

=corticatus=, Fr. P. 8-18 cm. convex then exp. covered with dense greyish down then floccosely squamulose; g. decur. white, anastomosing behind; tinged yellow when old; s. 3-7 cm. subexc. rooting, ring torn; s. 9-14 x 4-6.

[=Albertinii=, Fr. P. convex, dimidiate, sooty, with black squamules; g. decur. distinct, white; s. with black squamules up to sooty ring.

=dryinus=, Pers. P. 5-9 cm. oblique or subcircular, hard, whitish with brownish spot-like squamules, flesh white then yellowish; g. decur. not anastomosing behind, white tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. sublateral, ring fugacious, torn; sp. 10 x 4.

Differs from _P. corticatus_ in gills not anastomosing behind.

=spongiosus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. spongy, pulvinate, greyish tomentose; g. sinuato-adnexed, white, simple; s. 1-3 cm. tomentose, white, ring white, soon torn; sp. 8-10 x 4.

[=calyptratus=, Lindbl. P. soft, lateral-dimidiate, horizontal, reniform, glabrous, viscid, sooty or livid; g. adnate to a nodule, crowded, white then yellowish; s. a downy nodule, viscid membranous ring torn.

** _Gills sinuate or obtusely adnate._

=ulmarius=, Bull. P. 8-15 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, livid then pale, spotted; g. adnexed, broad, whitish; s. 1-3 cm. base thickened, tomentose; sp. 5-6, glob.

=tessulatus=, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. convex then plane or depr. behind, glabrous, tawny then paler and spotted; g. uncinato-adnate, white then yellowish; s. 1-3 cm. glabrous; sp. ----.

[=pardalis=, Schulz. Caespitose. P. fleshy, convex, subcentral, glabrous, chestnut then spotted; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. stout, solid, connate at base, white.

[=decorus=, Fr. Yellow. P. thin, convex then exp. obtuse, rough with adnate blackish scales; g. obtusely adnate, crowded; s. stuffed then hollow, fibrillose; sp. glob. 6.

[=ornatus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umb. with rusty floccose squamules that disappear; g. adnate, very broad, yellow; s. spongy, yellow; sp. 6 long.

[=properatus=, C. Mart. P. membranous, form various, always umbil. central or excentric, yellowish white with concentric brown scales; g. adnato-decur. tinged yellow, edge eroded; s. cylindric with concentric brown scales, ring membranaceous, fugacious.

=subpalmatus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. Caespitose. Convex then depr. rugulose, rufescent, cuticle gelatinous; g. adnate, connected behind, dingy; s. 3-4 cm. incurved; sp. ----.

Remarkable for the variegated flesh.

[=coripellis=, Fr. P. rigid, glabrous, moist, somewhat bay, thick pellicle separable, disc compact, umb.; g. arcuato-adnate, plane, crowded, white; s. excentric, vertical, rigid, fibrillosely striate, whitish.

P. almost black but fawn or yellow-brown when dry. Flesh tinged fuscous.

=craspedius=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 8-14 cm. thin, crenate or lobed, brick-red or paler, glabrous; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. solid, elastic, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5.

=fimbriatus=, Bolt. P. 4-7 cm. thin, plane then depr. margin sinuate or lobed, hygr. hyaline, whitish; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. 2-3 cm. firm, compr. downy; sp. ----.

=lignatilis=, Fr. Whitish. P. tough, convex then plane, umbil. irreg. floccosely pruinose then glabrous; g. adnate, crowded, narrow, shining white; s. irreg. rather downy; sp. 4 x 3.

var. _tephrocephalus_, Fr. P. more compact, disc black then grey, edge white.

=Ruthae=, B. and Br. P. 3-7 cm. more or less fan-shaped, whitish or yellowish-buff, cuticle gelatinous, rather hispid; g. anastomosing behind, white then reddish, veined; s. 1-3 cm. reddish, hispid; sp. ----.

Differs from _P. pantoleucus_ in g. anastomosing behind, and not decurrent.

=circinatus=, Fr. White. P. 5-7 cm. plane, orbicular, silky-pruinose; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 2-5 cm. equal, glabrous, rooting; sp. ----.

[=olearius=, D. C. Caespitose. P. subexcentric plane or umbil. dry, reddish tawny or deep brown; g. decur. narrow, yellow; s. solid, firm, reddish-brown; sp. 5 x 4.

Gills phosphorescent.

var. _carpini_ (= _P. carpini_, Fr.). P. convexo-exp. angular, rivulosely scaly when dry; s. slender, short, excentric or lateral; g. adnexed, thin, rusty.

[=juglandinus=, Kalchbr. P. plano-convex, even, glabrous, dingy golden-yellow, rather lobed; g. decur. distant, ends narrowed; s. excentric, solid, brown-pilose; sp. 5.5 x 2.5.

*** _Gills decurrent; stem almost vertical._

[=aquifolii=, Fr. P. rather wavy, soft, convex then plane, dusky tan; g. thick, dusky, joined in a ring behind; s. stout, equal, white. Edible.

[=eryngii=, D. C. P. fleshy, tough, exp. depr. irreg. rufous-grey, scabrid-virgate; g. broad, tinged pink; s. naked, whitish, solid; sp. 7-9 x 3.5.

[=nebrodensis=, Inzeng. P. compact, convex then depr. even, glabrous, grey; g. decur. whitish; s. solid, excentric or lateral, short, ascending, whitish.

[=nauseosodulcis=, Karst. P. soft, irreg. unequal, exp. even, glabrous, entirely tan; g. decur. crowded, pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, solid, tomentose, whitish; sp. 7-8 x 5.

=sapidus=, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. fleshy, deformed, centre depr. glabrous, pallid; g. decur. whitish; several stems springing from a common base; sp. 11-12 x 4.

More or less trumpet-shaped. Edible.

[=cornucopoides=, Pers. P. very variable in form, convex, depr. glabrous, white then livid yellow; g. decur. white; s. subexcentric to lateral, expanding into p.

[=lingulatus=, Paulet. P. dimidiate or entire, umbil. convex, deformed, even, pale ochre, edge incurved; g. subdecur. closely crowded, paler than p.; s. solid, long, subcompr. white; sp. 10-12 long.

[=melanopus=, Fr. P. excentric or dimidiate, deformed, somewhat lobed, glabrous pale rufous; g. decur. crowded, narrow, whitish red; s. solid, glabrous, ascending, black.

[=spodoleucus=, Fr. P. plane, orbicular, even, glabrous, greyish; g. crowded, white, separate behind; s. solid, glabrous, paler than p.; sp. 5-6 x 2-3.

=pantoleucus=, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, spathulate, depr. behind, marginate; g. crowded, distinct at base; s. 1-2 cm. ascending, glabrous, not rooting; sp. 11-12 x 4.

Differs from _P. spodoleucus_ in pileus being white and depressed behind.

[=pometi=, Fr. White. P. fleshy, rather flaccid, convex, even, disc depr.; g. decur. crowded, not joined behind; s. elastic with a downy rooting base; sp. 6-9 x 3-4.

[=Battarrae=, Q. White. P. cyathiform, spotted with blackish brown squamules; g. milk-white; s. slender, attenuated; sp. 12 long.

[=lignicola=, Sacc. White. P. tough, irreg. exp. subumbil. floccosely pruinose; g. adnato-decur. crowded, shining white; s. long, incurved, flocculose at first; sp. 14 x 4.

=mutilus=, Fr. White. P. 2-2.5 cm. fleshy, irreg. silky when dry; g. narrow, simple; s. 1-2 cm. long, terete, base downy; sp. ----.

Resembles _Omph. scyphoides_. Differs in nearly glabrous, irreg. p. not becoming infundib.

[=macropus=, Bagl. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, exp. glabrous, sooty-grey; g. decur. white; s. joined at base, firm, long, thickly tomentose.

[=luteo-caesius=, Bagl. P. subexcentric, exp. fibrillosely rivulose, tawny brown, edge wavy, incurved; g. subdecur. narrow, greyish yellow; s. solid, fibrillose, long rooting.

[=lutincola=, Lasch. Caespitose, fuscous; p. glabrous; g. adnate with a tooth running down stem to torn ring; s. often excentric.

[=pulvinatus=, Pers. P. pulvinate, rather wavy, glabrous, whitish, disc tinged flesh-colour; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short, solid, hard.

**** _Veil absent; gills deeply decur.; pileus lateral, sessile or
produced behind into a short stem-like base._

=ostreatus=, Jacq. Tufted. P. 7-15 cm. fleshy, shell-shaped, ascending, blackish then grey or pallid; g. rather distant, anastomosing behind, pallid; s. widening into p. very short, downy or strigose at base; sp. 10-12 x 4-5. Esculent.

var. _euosmus_, B. Smell strong. Gills and spores tinged pink.

var. _columbinus_, Q. P. dark bluish-grey.

var. _nudipes_, Boud. S. quite glabrous.

[=ambiguus=, Oud. Excentric. P. sessile or shortly stalked, shining, blackish or deep violet, edge incurved; g. deeply decur. anastomosing behind, lilac; s. firm, elastic, thickened upwards, base strigose.

=revolutus=, Kickx. P. 9-15 cm. fleshy, firm, elastic, shining, depr. behind, smoky-yellow then grey, edge incurved; g. serrulate, white; s. 2-3 cm. short, thick, whitish; sp. ----.

var. _anglicus_. Edge of p. not or very slightly incurved; g. pallid ochraceous.

[=Staringii=, Oud. Excentric. P. lateral, produced at base into a short oblique stem, suborbicular or reniform, exp. very glabrous, smoky fuscous, centre paler; g. white, anastomosing behind.

=salignus=, Pers. P. 4-9 cm. fleshy, spongy, becoming depr. behind and strigose, horizontal, yellow brown or dusky; g. somewhat branched, edge eroded, dingy; s. short, firm, tomentose; sp. 8-11 x 3-4.

[=Saccardianus=, Arc. Subexcentric, usually sinuately lobed, even, glabrous, at length exp. and wavy, tan or grey; g. narrow, thin, crowded; s. striate, glabrous, grey or umber; sp. 6-5 x 3-4.

[=roseocinereus=, Allesch. P. thin, campan. edge becoming split and striate, fibrously silky, rosy-grey; g. very broad, pallid flesh-red; s. shining white, fibrously striato-sulcate; sp. pale rufous, 5-7.

=acerinus=, Fr. White. P. 3-8 cm. tough, circular, silky-villose; g. closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. subobsolete, downy; sp. ----.

[=pathenopejus=, Comes. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, generally dimidiate, conchate, elliptical or rounded, mouse-grey then pale, viscid, squamulose; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing, white then tinged yellow; sp. 9-12 x 4-6.

[=Gemmellari=, Inzeng. Large, sessile. P. lateral, convex then exp. yellowish, striate, upper stratum gelatinous; g. decur. broad, anastomosing behind, white then sulphur.

B. DIMIDIATI. _P. definitely lateral, without a free margin behind;
not resupinate at first._

[=geoginus=, D. C. P. erect, subinfundib. even, glabrous, edge wavy, reflexed, brownish; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short, thick, tuberous.

=petaloides=, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. thin, ascending, spathulate, entire, disc depr. brownish then pale; g. crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, compressed, downy; sp. 9-10 x 4.

_P. porrigens_ differs in being white and stemless.

[=semiinfundibuliformis=, Karst. Erect, simple, semiinfundib. even, glabrous, rusty tan, edge wavy, reflexed; g. deeply decur. crowded, whitish then yellowish; s. exactly lateral, pallid; sp. 4-6, subgl.

=pulmonarius=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obovate or reniform, rather convex, glabrous, greyish or tan; g. plano-decur. simple, albo-livid; s. round, very short, downy; sp. ----.

Differs from _P. serotinus_ in very short s., and glabrous p.

var. _juglandis_, Fr. Gregarious; g. greyish brown.

[=pulmonariellus=, Karst. P. convex, reniform, rather strigose, even, yellowish, intermediate stratum thick, gelatinous; g. plano-decur. crowded, white then yellowish; s. very short.

[=almeni=, Fr. P. thin, reniform, glabrous, brownish tawny, narrowed behind into a very short stem; g. determinately decur. divergent, paler than pileus; sp. 7-9 x 3-4.

=serotinus=, Schrad. P. 3-7 cm. fleshy, compact, viscid, reniform or obovate, yellowish-green, or sooty-olive; g. crowded, yellow then pallid; s. 2 cm. with blackish squamules; sp. ----.

=mitis=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. tough, reniform, dry, rufescent then whitish; g. crowded, distinct, white; s. 1 cm. compressed, dilated upwards, whitish-squamulose; sp. 4 x 2.

=gadinoides=, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. horizontal, shell-shaped, hygr. floccose, dry; g. crowded, branched; s. minute or absent; sp. 7 x 3.

=limpidus=, Fr. White. P. 1-2 cm. obovate or reniform, even, glabrous, hygr., narrowed behind to point of attachment; g. white, decur. to base; sp. ----.

Differs from _P. mitis_ in being shining white and subsessile.

[=limpidoides=, Karst. P. obovoid or reniform, often lobed, soft, even, velvety, dark grey then livid; g. decur. whitish; upper stratum of flesh gelatinous; sp. 6-9 x 3-4.

[=subrufulus=, Karst. P. soft, subgelatinous, orbicular or reniform, even, glabrous, rufous- or pinkish-white; g. crowded, white; s. lateral, strigose, very short.

[=planus=, Fr. Minute, subsessile, violet then flesh-colour.

=reniformis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, reniform, grey, disc depr. plane; g. spreading from tubercular stem-like base, divergent, grey; sp. ----.

[=Kerneri=, Wettst. P. obovate or reniform, lateral, not immarginate behind, sessile, entire, edge lobed, convex, grey, base blackish, minutely pulverulent; g. grey, simple; sp. glob. 3-5.

=tremulus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. reniform, even, glabrous, disc depr. greyish brown then pale; g. rather distant, grey; s. 1 cm. subterete, ascending, grey; sp. 6-8 x 5-7.

Differs from _P. reniformis_ in having a stem.

=lauro-cerasi=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. thin, horizontal, circular or shell-shaped, sulcate, brownish, attached by narrowed base; g. broad at middle, whitish; sp. 8 x 5.

[=dictyorhizus=, D. C. White. P. very thin, orbicular, sinuate, subsessile, base reticulately-fibrillose; g. simple, unequal; sp. 6 long.

=acerosus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. very thin, reniform, plane, striate, sublobed, grey, silky white when dry; g. narrow, crowded, grey; s. obsolete, base substrigose; sp. glob. 5-6.

[=Severinii=, Com. Shining white. Velvety then almost glabrous, orbicular, edge entire, incurved; g. decur. simple; s. short, incurved.