Chapter III: NOLANIDEI. Pileus thin, hygr. rather silky when dry. Often

wavy and deformed._

=clypeatum=, L. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. umb. lurid then greyish; g. serrulate; s. 7-9 cm. stuffed, attenuated, fibrillose, pallid; sp. subgl. rough, 9-10.

=nigrocinnamomeum=, Kalchbr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then exp. depressed round the umbo, blackish umber, even, glabrous; g. reddish cinnamon; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, somewhat twisted, fibrillose, greyish fuscous; sp. subgl. rough, 8 x 9.

Differs from _E. clypeatum_ in hollow stem and entire edge of gills.

=rhodopolium=, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. campan. then exp. gibbous then subdepr. edge wavy at first incurved, brown or livid then pale and silky shining; g. adnate then sinuate; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, glabrous, shining white; sp. rough, 8-10 x 6-8.

[=pluteoides=, Fr. P. splitting, convex, exp. obtuse, greyish white when moist, dingy yellowish when dry; g. emarginato-adnexed, crowded; s. hollow, rigid, cuticle fibrillose, white, usually rooting.

[=elaphinum=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, bright fawn when moist, pallid fuscous when dry, edge striate; g. somewhat truncate behind, very broad; s. hollow, naked, livid; sp. rough, 10 x 6.

[=turbidum=, Fr. P. campan. convex, umb. margin at first straight and adpressed to stem, then split into striae, somewhat fuscous, grey when dry; g. crowded, greyish white; s. hollow, inflato-clavate, glabrous, even, silvery shining; sp. 8-11 x 7-8.

=majale=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-convex, umb. edge spreading, wavy, cinnamon, yellowish when dry; g. crenate; s. 7-9 cm. twisted, striate, whitish, base with white down; sp. rough, 10-14 x 7-10.

=Wynnei=, B. and Br. Smell unpleasant. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. subumb. often wavy, smoky grey, velvety then squamulose; g. broad, transversely ribbed; s. 3-5 cm. smoky blue, base downy, white; sp. rough, 10-11 x 7-8.

Smell resembling that of bugs.

=costatum=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. bullate then plane, subumbil. wavy, glabrous, livid, fuscous then shining; g. nearly free, entire, transversely ribbed, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. deformed, substriate, grey, apex with white squamules; sp. rough, 12-14 x 8-11.

[=Cordae=, Karst. Differs from _E. costatum_ in blackish umbilicate p.; smaller sp. rough, 5-6. Other points identical.

=sericeum=, Fr. Smell strong, like meal. P. 2-3 cm. exp. greyish fawn when moist, livid and silky shining when dry; g. grey, emarginate; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, fibrillose, paler than p.; sp. globose, rough, 7-8.

Differs from _Nolanea pascua_ in mealy smell, and broad distant gills cut out behind.

[=mimicum=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, then exp. glabrous, fuscescent; g. adnate, whitish then dingy; s. hollow, equal, cartilaginous, glabrous, livid; sp. 9-12.

[=venosum=, Gill. Smell strong of meal. P. thin, convex, subumb. brownish, silky and shining when dry; g. free, broad, transversely veined, reddish-grey; s. fragile, fibrillose, rather squamulose at apex.

Differs from _E. sericeum_ in free g.

[=praecox=, Karst. P. fragile, conico-convex, at length umb. glabrous, silky-shining; g. ventricose, crowded, dingy then flesh-colour; s. fistulose, equal, compr. glabrous, striate, pallid; sp. 7-10.

=nidorosum=, Fr. Smell alkaline. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. and subdepr. greyish fawn, livid and with a silky sheen when dry; g. broad, wavy; s. 4-7 cm. stuffed, equal, glabrous, pallid, apex with white meal; sp. rough, 8-10 x 7-8.

Smell sometimes very faint.

=speculum=, Fr. Whitish. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. very glabrous, shining when dry, edge incurved, wavy; g. emarginate, broad; s. equal, very fragile, striate; sp. subgl. rough, 12. (12-14 x 7-8 Sacc.)

NOLANEA, Fr.

* _Gills grey or somewhat fuscous. Pileus dusky, hygr._

=pascua=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. conico-exp. subumb. striate, livid bistre, paler and shining when dry; g. crowded, narrowed behind, greyish; s. 3-5 cm. silky-fibrous, striate, pale; sp. rough, 9-10.

var. _umbonata_, Q. P. acute, umb. bay; s. fibrilloso-striate, silvery.

[=proletaria=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, somewhat umber, disc darker, villose; g. sooty grey; s. fibrous, very fragile, grey; sp. rough, 10-12 x 6.

[=versatilis=, Fr. P. convex then flattened, glabrous, shining, livid aerugineous; g. grey; s. greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry.

[=limosa=, Fr. Smell strong of meal. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, sooty, hoary-silky when dry; g. adnate, grey; s. polished, base inflated, glabrous.

=Babingtonii=, Blox. P. 1-1.5 cm. conico-campan. pale grey, silky, with fasciculate fibrils, disc squamulose; g. adnate, grey; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, rather wavy, strigose and covered with brown down; sp. rough, 7-8.

=mammosa=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-campan. papillate, striate, glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry; g. grey; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, polished, apex with white meal; sp. rough, 7-8 x 5-6.

[=papillata=, Bres. P. subcampan. exp. papillate, striate, fuscous-bay then paler; g. sinuato-adnate; s. shining, glabrous, base with white down; sp. 5-7-angled, 10-11 x 6-7.

[=Bresadolae=, Mass. (= _N. clandestina_, Bres.). P. campan. exp. umb. or papillate, glabrous, shining, striate, umber-bay or almost black then rufescent; g. thick, umber then fuscous-purple; s. polished, blackish-bay, subequal; sp. 5-6-angled, 9-10 x 7.

[=clandestina=, Fr. Umber. P. hemispher. umb. slightly striate, glabrous, silky when dry; g. very distant, thick, umber then purplish; s. short, naked.

[=bryophila=, Boud. and Roze. P. conico-campan. striate, apiculate, pale rufous brown, apex blackish; g. nearly free; s. cartilaginous, semipellucid, equal.

=juncea=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical then exp. radiately striate, sooty umber, disc subumbil. subsquamulose; g. obovate, grey then brownish purple; s. 4-6 cm. slender, fuscous; sp. rough, 10-12.

[=fumosella=, Wint. (= _A. fumosus_, Rab.). P. subconic, then subexp. umbil. subpellucid virgate, reddish grey, sometimes white-floccose, silky shining when dry; g. adnexed, subtriangular, closely crowded, grey then brownish; s. colour of p., base albo-floccose, rooting, slightly viscid.

=fulvostrigosa=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. subumb. rugulose, ochre with olive tinge; g. adnexed; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, mealy-squamulose, base densely strigose with reddish fibrils; sp. rough, 10 x 6; cystidia conical.

** _Gills yellowish or reddish._

=nigripes=, Trog. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. obtuse, even, fuscous with paler flecks; g. yellowish pink; s. 7-10 cm. twisted, glabrous, black; sp. ----.

=pisciodora=, Ces. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. obsoletely umb. tawny cinnamon, soft like velvet; g. adnexed; s. 5-7 cm. chestnut then blackish, apex paler, rather velvety; sp. ----.

=rufocarnea=, B. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. umbil. reddish brown slightly fibrillose; g. ventricose, veined, salmon; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, pale reddish brown, apex paler; sp. 9-10 x 6.

[=vinacea=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, slightly striate, rufescent; g. distant; s. even, glabrous, yellow.

var. _squamulosa_, Karst. P. campan. subumbil. coarsely striate, scurfy; g. edge floccosely crenulate, golden; s. glabrous, yellowish; sp. rough, 10-12 x 7-8.

[=cetrata=, Fr. P. camp. then exp. glabrous, furcato-sulcate, yellow; g. pallid yellow; s. fragile, glabrous, yellow; sp. rough, 10-12 x 10.

[=cuneata=, Bres. P. conico-cuspidate, glabrous, striate, lurid yellow, cusp yellowish, g. pale yellow then brownish flesh-colour; s. yellowish, apex with white scurf, base with contorted fibres; sp. angular, 10-12 x 7-8.

[=carneovirens=, Jungh. P. campan. deeply striate, greenish yellow; g. free, broad; s. solid, glabrous, dusky aerugineous; sp. 11-12 x 7-8.

=icterina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, striate, papillate, yellowish green, hygr.; g. distant, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. rigid, floccosely mealy, colour of p. or brownish; sp. rough, 11-12 x 8.

=subglobosa=, A. and S. P. 2 cm. hemispher. even, viscid, yellowish; g. nearly free, rhomboid; s. 3-4 cm. striate, pale; sp. 9 x 7.

[=hesperidium=, Brig. P. broadly campan. even, waxy yellow, disc darker; g. free, crowded; white then greyish violet, edge at length blackish; s. even, shining white.

[=pleopodia=, Bull. P. campan. then exp. and edge upraised, even, yellowish; g. narrowed behind, dingy flesh-colour; s. equal, yellowish white, apex pruinose; sp. 10-12 x 4.

*** _Gills white then rosy. Hygroph._

=picea=, Kalchbr. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conical then campan. papillate, even, glabrous, pitch brown then umber; g. emarginate; s. 3-5 cm. slightly pruinose, colour of p.; sp. 7-8 x 5.

Differs from _N. pisciodora_ in colour of gills and p.

[=hirtipes=, Fl. Dan. P. conico-campan. fuscous; g. free, obovate, rosy; s. slender, glabrous, colour of p. hirsute below; sp. rough, 7-9.

=infula=, Fr. Very tough. P. 2 cm. conical then exp. papillate, shining, dark grey then pale; g. narrow, closely crowded, pure white then rosy; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, glabrous, naked, fuscous; sp. ----.

var. _versiformis_, Fr. P. convex then depr. or even infundib. but persistently papillate.

[=viridifluens=, Lasch. P. campan. subumbil. dry, fibrous, fuscous olive; g. adnate, broad; s. greenish-yellow.

Exuding a green juice when broken.

[=staurospora=, Bres. P. conico-campan. hygr. brownish umber, margin striate; g. subadnexed, white then flesh-colour; s. livid, fibrilloso-striate, often twisted, tall, albo-floccose at base; sp. almost quadrangular-stellate, 10-12.

Differs from _N. hirtipes_ in larger size, fibrillose stem, downy, not strigose at base.

**** _Gills whitish. Not hygr._

=verecunda=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, disc rather fleshy, subumb. watery reddish, striate towards edge, flocculose; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10-12 x 5-8.

=coelestina=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. obtuse, blue, disc darker, scabrid; g. adnate, very broad; s. 2-3 cm. blackish blue, apex pruinose; sp. glob. 10.

[=cruentata=, Q. P. campan. mammilate, edge exp. pruinose, bluish-lilac; g. broad; s. slender, glaucous or bluish, rufescent when touched; sp. rough, 10.

=exilis=, Fr. P. 2 cm. conico-exp. striate, livid grey, apex darker and papillate; g. adnexed; s. 4-6 cm. filiform, bluish green, apex naked; sp. ----.

[=Kretzschmarii=, Rab. P. ovate then exp. reddish then greyish white, umbo rather fleshy, pellucidly striate at edge; g. decur.; s. yellowish brown, base floccosely rooting.

=rubida=, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. convex then exp. umbil. whitish grey then rufescent, minutely silky; g. adnate, slightly decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; sp. 4-5 x 3.

[=cocles=, Fr. Small. P. at first cucullate, furcato-sulcate, disc umbil., umber, scabrid, becoming exp.; g. adnate, broad, distant; s. glabrous, livid.

[=monachella=, Q. P. campan. apiculate, striate, diaphanous, white, centre spotted sooty; g. adnate, uncinate; s. bulbillose, white, hyaline; sp. rough, 10-12 x 6-8.

[=minuta=, Karst. P. convex, sometimes subumbil. striate up to umbilicus, glabrous, pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining; g. adnate, pallid; s. pallid fuscous, glabrous; sp. rough, 7-9.

LEPTONIA, Fr.

* _Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate, not hygr._

[=Linkii=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, fibrillosely virgate, sooty black then grey, disc darker; g. white then flesh-colour, edge black; s. glabrous, smoky, base incurved; sp. 10 long.

[=Forquignoni=, Q. P. umbil. wavy, rugulosely striate, granulated, olive, diaphanous; g. eroded, hoary; s. slightly striate, silky; sp. rough, 11 long.

=placida=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, grey or bluish, downy disc darker, fibrillosely scaly; g. adnexed, broad, entirely whitish; s. 4-7 cm. blackish-blue, apex with white bloom and very minutely spotted black; sp. ----.

Differs from _L. lappula_ in p. not being umbil.

=anatina=, Lasch. P. 3-4 cm. campan. indistinctly umb. greyish brown, longitudinally fibrillosely squamulose; g. adnexed, broad; s. 3-4 cm. bluish, pruinose then fibrillosely squamulose, apex even (not spotted black); sp. 8 x 5. (10-12 x 7-8 Sacc.)

Differs from _L. placida_ and _L. lappula_ in not having black points at apex of stem.

=lappula=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. grey, even, the darker umbilicus with erect fibrils, giving a muricellato-punctate appearance; g. broad, crowded; s. 4-5 cm. brownish-lilac or blackish-purple, apex naked and with black points; sp. ----.

=lampropoda=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then exp. or subdepr. flocculose then squamulose, sooty grey then paler; g. adnate, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. even, firm bluish violet, apex not black spotted; sp. rough, 10-11 x 6-7.

Differs from _L. asprella_ in even p. not being umbilicate.

var. _cyanulus_, Lasch. Slender. P. subumbil. floccosely villose, blackish blue; s. capillary.

=aethiops=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. plano-depr. even, shining, black then smoky, glabrous but innately fibrillosely virgate; g. adnate, entirely whitish; s. 3-5 cm. blackish brown, black punctate upwards; sp. rough, 10 x 7.

Differs from _L. lampropoda_ in black punctate s.

=solstitialis=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length depr. papillate, rugulose, obsoletely innately fibrillose, fuscous; g. emarginate, broad; 2-3 cm. smoky, glabrous; sp. rough, 12-14 x 7.

[=camelina=, Lasch. P. obtuse, pallid rufous; g. arcuate, crowded; s. stuffed, fibrillose, base curved.

[=Turci=, Bres. P. convex, umbil. then exp. brown-umber then tan, densely downy then squamulose; g. broad; s. hollow, compr. livid cinnamon; flesh white, rosy when broken; sp. angular, 11-12 x 7-8.

** _Gills at first bluish or grey._

=serrulata=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. exp. umbil. rather scaly, blackish blue; g. broad, edge black-serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. paler than p. with black points above; sp. rough, 12-14 x 6-8.

=euchroa=, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, fibrillosely scaly, violet; g. violet, edge darker, entire; s. 2-3 cm. violet, not black punctate; sp. rough, 10 x 7-8.

Differs from _L. chalybea_ and _L. lazulina_ by growing on wood.

=chalybea=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. convex, subumb. not striate, flocculose then squamulose, dark violet; g. greyish-white, edge rather paler; s. 3-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 x 6.

Differs from _L. lazulina_ by p. not being striate.

=lazulina=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. striate, at first glabrous then cracked into squamules, sooty black; g. adnate, equally narrowed from stem to edge of p. pallid grey; s. 4-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 x 6.

[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. subglobose then exp. umbil. and depr. umber, minutely squamulose; g. pale violet; s. bright blue, base bulbous with white down; sp. rough, 8-10.

[=Bizzozeriana=, Sacc. P. umb. exp. dusky grey with dark scurf; g. dusky vinous-purple; s. dusky purple; sp. 7 x 3.

[=Gorteri=, Weinm. P. convex, obtuse, velvety-squamulose, grey then pale, edge white-fimbriate; g. fuscous purple, shining; s. purple violet.

*** _Gills fuscous- or dusky-purple._

[=calimorpha=, Weinm. P. conico-convex, umb. densely squamulose, sooty or black; g. nearly free, ventricose, with a purple sheen, edge black; s. blackish-purple.

[=aquila=, Fr. P. exp. deeply umbil. bay; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad; s. stuffed, fuscous, thickened upwards.

[=pyrenaica=, Pat. and Doas. P. convexo-plane, 4-5 mm. slightly umb. edge incurved, reddish brown; g. pale red, adnate with a tooth; s. solid, curved, colour of p.; sp. 5-6.

**** _Gills pallid. Pileus yellow or greenish then pale._

=incana=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, somewhat virgate, brownish green; g. adnate with decur. tooth, greenish white; s. 3-5 cm. shining, brownish green; sp. rough, 8-9.

[=euchlora=, Lasch. P. campan. convex, not striate, yellow-green with brown fibrils, darker disc impressed; g. adnate; s. squamulosely fibrillose, greenish-yellow, base aerugineo-tomentose; sp. 10-14 x 6-8.

=formosa=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumbil. slightly striate, yellow wax-colour with brown adpressed fibrils and scattered squamules; g. adnate, pallid yellow; s. 4-5 cm. striate, shining, yellow; sp. 10-12 x 8.

var. _suavis_, Lasch. S. becoming bluish.

=chloropolius=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. striate, livid, centre with black squamules; g. adnate, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. even, bluish-green; sp. rough, 7-8 x 5. (12-14 x 6-8 Sacc.)

[=pallens=, Karst. P. convex exp. disc slightly depr. glabrous, livid, pale and shining when dry; g. adnate, seceding; s. pallid, glabrous; sp. rough, 9-10.

[=melleo-pallens=, Karst. P. convex, entirely striate, glabrous, shining, brownish honey-colour then pale; g. soon free, edge darker; s. colour of p. base with white down; sp. rough, 13-15 x 10-11.

***** _Gills grey or glaucous. Pileus hygr. substriate._

=asprella=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. glabrous or fibrillose, striate, umbilicus downy then squamulose, sooty then livid grey; g. adnate, equally narrowed to the edge; s. 3-4 cm. slender, even, glabrous, livid, tinged green or blue; sp. 10-12 x 6-8.

[=scabrosa=, Fr. P. exp. umbilic. from the first, not striate, squamulose, sooty-brown, then grey, hygr.; g. adnate, segmentoid, grey; s. even, apex with black points and white meal.

=nefrens=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. then infundib. hygr. rather wavy, livid sooty, depression darkest, pale when dry; g. broad, edge blackish, entire; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, livid fuscous; sp. 4-5 x 3.

Differs from _L. serrulata_ in entire edge of g. and absence of black points at apex of s.

[=sarcita=, Fr. Fragile. P. exp. radiato-striate, uniform, hygr. torn into fibrillose scales, smoky, hoary when dry; g. linear, thick, distant, glaucous; s. short, glabrous; sp. 10-12 x 8.

****** _Gills white._

[=Kervernii=, Guern. P. fleshy-ochre or buff-yellow, dotted with flecks; g. free, ventricose; s. slightly squamulose, shining white, often compr. base cottony.

[=Queletii=, Boud. P. white with scattered rosy-amethyst flecks; g. white then rosy; s. white then yellowish; sp. rough, 14.

[=sericella=, Bull. Shining white. P. silky; g. flesh-colour; s. slender, fibrillose.

[=Gillotii=, Q. Diaphanous, becoming hyaline white. P. striate, umbil. tinged olive; s. fistulose, silky, base white-downy; sp. rough, 9.

[=parasitica=, Q. Pruinose, shining white. P. orbicular; g. sinuate, white then rosy; s. arcuate, apex dilated.

[=aemulans=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. innately squamulose, grey, opaque; g. adnate, broad, smoky; s. glabrous, dusky livid, base whitish.

Resembles _Clitopilus vilis_.

CLITOPILUS, Fr.