Chapter D: VELUTINI. Pileus not rimose, cuticle of interwoven fibrils,

almost smooth, or adpressedly scaly, disc even; stem polished,
glabrous, whitish, apex mealy._

=sambucina=, Fr. White, smell strong. P. 4-7 cm. firm, convex, exp. obtuse, silky fibrillose, even, sometimes tinged yellow; g. crowded, whitish; s. 3-4 cm. stout, solid, glabrous, striate, white; sp. 11-12 x 6.

=caesariata=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. convex exp. gibbous, somewhat tawny, ochraceous-fibrillose or subsquamulose; g. entire, pale ochre; s. 3-6 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale ochre; sp. 8 x 4. (10-12 x 5 Sacc.)

[=delecta=, Karst. (= _I. caesariata_, var. _fibrillosa_, Fr.). P. exp. even, fibrillosely scaly, dingy tawny- or rufous-honeycolour, paler when dry; g. at length fuscous, edge paler and floccoso-crenate; s. solid, dingy yellow or pallid, white-fibrillose; sp. ----.

[=subgranulosa=, Karst. P. convex then exp. or slightly depr. obsoletely umb. even, pale ochre, disc more especially with minute erect dark squamules; g. adnate, greenish- then brownish-cinnamon; s. hollow, curved or wavy, paler than p.; sp. 7-9 x 4-5.

=lucifuga=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-3 cm. convex-plane, subumb. adpressedly fibrilloso-squamulose, fuscous or olive then pale; g. yellowish white then olive; s. 3 cm. solid, firm, equal, glabrous, apex rather pruinose; sp. 10 x 6.

[=decipiens=, Bres. P. exp. umb. floccosely silky, disc smooth then broken up into scales, cinnamon ochre; g. greyish white then lurid cinnamon; s. glabrous, apex slightly pruinose, rather striate, pallid; sp. rough, 11-14 x 6-8.

[=tomentella=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, fibrillosely tomentose, brownish; g. subadnate; s. solid, equal, white, apex pruinose, with a cortinate median annular zone, otherwise glabrous.

=sindonia=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conico-convex, obtusely gibbous, velvety-villose, dingy white or yellowish, edge appendiculate; g. lanceolate, whitish then fuscous; s. 4-7 cm. with a separate pith which disappears, then hollow, almost glabrous; sp. 7 x 4. (10 x 5 Sacc.)

Differs from _I. geophylla_ in larger size and hollow s.

[=cortinata=, Roll. P. campan. then exp. strongly umb. whitish straw-colour, umb. darker, becoming rimose, white veil at margin; g. adnato-decur. dingy ochre, edge flocculose, paler; s. white, fibrilloso-striate, curved, ring median.

Perhaps a cortinate form of _I. sindonia_.

=Clarkii=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, whitish, silky; g. adnexed, pallid, edge white; s. 3-5 cm. nearly equal, solid, white; sp. 8-10 x 6.

Differs from _I. sindonia_ in solid s. and pale g.

=geophylla=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then exp. umb. even, silky-fibrillose, white or lilac; g. adnexed, crowded, dingy white then umber; s. 4-6 cm. equal, firm, apex with white meal, veil fibrillose; sp. 7-8 x 4.

_I. scabella_ differs in brownish squamulose p.

var. _fulva_, Pat. P. rufous-ochre, edge paler; sp. 8-10 x 5.

var. _violacea_, Pat. P. violet; sp. 10 x 5.

[=commixta=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. shining white or tinged grey; fibrillosely silky, edge often split, dry; g. closely crowded, free, white then greyish cinnamon; s. solid, white, equal, apex scurfy, base minutely turbinately bulbous; sp. angular, 10 x 7.

Closely resembling _I. geophylla_, differing in base of s. and angular sp.

[=umbratica=, Q. Shining white. P. umb. silky-pruinose; g. white then rosy-fawn; s. flocculose; sp. rough, 8-10.

=scabella=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then plane, dry, torn into squamulose fibrils, umbo obtuse, even, glabrous, rufescent or yellowish; g. adnexed, dingy; s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, rufescent or pallid, apex pruinose; sp. rough, 10 x 7.

[=debilipes=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. pallid fuscous then rather rusty, everywhere torn into scales which become stuck down, then rimose; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid rusty, edge fuscous-crenulate; s. wavy, pallid, spotted with minute fuscescent squamules; sp. 7-9 x 5-6.

[=confusa=, Karst. P. exp. umb. glabrous, cuticle cracked, fibrillose, rusty, tawny yellow or bay; g. crowded, yellowish then olive; s. solid, firm, nearly glabrous, pale; sp. 10-12 x 6.

[=inconcina=, Karst. P. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, innately fibrillose, rusty then pale; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded, pale olive then rusty, edge paler and floccosely crenulate; s. equal, wavy, pallid, apex white-pruinose; sp. 8-13 x 5-6.

[=curvipes=, Karst. P. exp. obtuse, adpressedly fibrillose or squamulose, brownish; g. adnexed, crowded; s. curved, wavy or twisted, narrowed below, fibrillose, pallid; sp. rough, 9-15 x 5-7.

[=conformata=, Karst. P. exp. umb. slightly adpressedly floccosely squamulose, rusty or brownish then pale; g. adnexed, ventricose, pallid then brownish; s. equal, rather wavy, minutely fibrillosely flocculose; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.

[=pusio=, Karst. P. exp. umb. fibroso-rimose, pallid fuscous; g. adnexed with decur. tooth, tan; s. apex pruinose and at first violet, usually wavy; sp. 8-10 x 4-6.

[=flavella=, Karst. P. acutely conical then exp. acutely umb. innately fibrillosely rimose, glabrous, yellowish, rather shining; g. crowded, yellowish then olive, edge paler, floccosely crenulate; s. solid, equal, wavy, apex white-flocculose, yellowish white; sp. 12-14 x 4-6.

[=fulvella=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. silky-flocculose, centre glabrous, olivaceous honey-colour then brownish olive, umbo darker; g. lilac then tan, edge fimbriate; s. lilac then rufescent, glabrous, wavy.

=subrimosa=, Mass. (_Clypeus subrimosus_, Karst.). P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. umbo prominent, edge often wavy, even, glabrous, then longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, bay or rusty ochre; g. dingy tan; s. 4-5 cm. solid, equal, polished, with a minute marginate bulb, white, mealy; sp. 10-12, spiny.

=mamillaris=, Pass. P. convex, mammillate, squamulose; g. emarginato-adnexed; s. hollow, equal, flexuous; sp. smooth.

=Renneyi=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. slightly fibrillose, disc brown, rest fawn; g. rounded behind, dingy ochre; s. 3-4 cm. slightly narrowed downwards, fibrillose, solid, paler than p.; sp. rough, 12 x 7-8.

var. _major_, B. and Br. Colour of type, but larger; g. broadly adnate.

E. VISCIDI. _Pileus almost smooth, viscid._

=trechispora=, Berk. P. convex then exp. umb. viscid, soon dry and silky, umbo brownish rest whitish; g. pinkish grey; s. 3-4 cm. equal; often rather wavy, whitish, mealy; sp. 7 x 5-6.

Differs from _I. geophylla_ in dark umbo and rough sp.

[=viscosissima=, Fr. (= _I. umbonata, Q._) P. convex acutely umb. umber-brown, dripping with gluten then silky; g. rounded and free, ventricose, rufescent; s. equal, glabrous, pallid; sp. ----.

Allied to _I. trechispora_, differing in being very glutinous and in rounded free gills.

[=imbecilis=, Pass. P. glabrous, rather viscid, white then clay-colour; g. whitish then rusty-rose; s. solid, long, cylindrical, watery, with white meal above.

=vatricosa=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then plane, subumb. glabrous, viscid, silky at margin, whitish; g. white then fuscescent; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, contorted, pulverulent; sp. ----.

Habit of _I. geophylla_ but smaller and viscid at first.

=Whitei=, B. and Br. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convex, tawny, edge whitish, at length exp. and all tawny, fibrillose, rather viscid; g. white then pallid; s. 2-3 cm. slightly thickened at base, white then brownish; sp. 9 x 4.

=tricholoma=, A. and S. Whitish. P. 2-4 cm. plano-depr. rather viscid, with adpr. white fibrils, edge strigosely fringed; g. decur.; s. 3-4 cm. slender, squamulose above; sp. rough, 4.

=strigiceps=, Fr. P. convex-obtuse then exp. strigosely silky with long fibrils, rufescent, edge at first involute, strigosely ciliate; g. adnato-decur.; s. stuffed, downy, white.

var. _eriocephala_, Fr. P. yellowish-white, silky, with appendiculate white down at edge; g. adnate; s. fistulose, becoming compressed.

HEBELOMA, Fr.

A. INDUSIATI. _Veil evidently cortinate, hence the pileus is often
superficially silky near the margin._

=mussivum=, Fr. P. 5-10 cm. convex exp. obtuse, viscid, at length squamulose, yellow disc often brownish; g. emarginate, yellowish; s. 8-12 cm. solid, equal, entirely fibrillose, yellowish, apex rather pruinose; sp. 12 x 6.

=sinuosum=, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. exp. wavy, viscid, even, almost glabrous, yellowish or pale brick-red then pale; g. emarginato-free, broad, pallid then rusty; s. 8-13 cm. hollow, stout, fibrous, soft, white floccosely-scaly above; sp. ----.

=fastibile=, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 4-7 cm. compact, exp. wavy, viscid, glabrous, pale yellowish tan; g. emarginate, rather distant, pallid then cinnamon, lacrymose; s. 4-7 cm. subbulbous, white, fibrously scaly, veil evident; sp. 10 x 6.

var. _alba_, Fr. S. longer, equal, partly hollow, apex fibrously scaly; g. distant.

var. _elegans_, Lindgr. Edge of p. sulcate or rugoso-plicate. Form B. Pileus purple-brown.

=senescens=, Batsch. P. 4-9 cm. exp. rather viscid, ochre or flesh-colour with tinge of rust, rusty yellow when old, edge crisped, hoary; g. dusky rust colour; s. 6-9 cm. thinner and whitish upwards, scaly and darker below; sp. 10 x 6.

=glutinosum=, Lindg. P. 4-7 cm. exp. glutinous, with white superficial scales, yellowish white, discoid; g. crowded, yellowish then cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, whitish squamulose, apex mealy; sp. 10-12 x 5.

=testaceum=, Batsch. Smells like radishes. P. 3-5 cm. campan.-convex, even, rather viscid, brick-red then pale, rather opaque; g. nearly free, crowded, rusty; s. 6-7 cm. hollow, subbulbous, floccosely fibrillose, pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10 x 5-6.

[=rubrum=, Otth. P. campan. then conico-exp. splitting into shreds, clear red, yellowish when dry; flesh reddish; g. free; s. equal, fibrous, often slightly bulbous, colour of p.

=firmum=, Pers. P. 4-7 cm. campan. exp. umb. viscid, brick-red, discoid; g. dry, edge white toothed; s. 4-7 cm. solid, pallid, everywhere floccosely scaly; sp. 10 x 5.

[=mitratum=, Fr. P. campan.-gibbous, viscid, often cracked, yellowish brick-red, umbo prominent, stout, fuscous then pale, g. crowded, sinuato-adnate; s. solid or becoming hollow, equal, yellowish-white, fibrous, dusky yellow from veil.

=claviceps=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. convex, exp. disc gibbous, even, naked, pallid; g. dry, pallid; s. 4-7 cm. equal, everywhere white mealy, fuscous downwards; sp. 10-11 x 5.

Differs from _H. firmum_ in dark base of s. and paler g.

[=fusipes=, Bres. Smell like spirit of wine. P. convex-gibbous, edge broadly incurved, viscid, glabrous, tinged tan; g. broad, edge white-fimbriate; s. pallid, base fusiformly rooting; sp. 12-15 x 9-10.

[=birrum=, Fr. P. exp. discoid, disc rugulose, pale tan, with superficial white squamules near edge; g. rounded then truncate and free; s. solid, fusiformly rooting, rather woolly with white imbricated squamules.

=punctatum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. silky then almost glabrous, the darker disc punctate with viscid warts, tan, paler when dry; g. narrow, crowded, pallid then rusty bay; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, equal, apex white pruinose; sp. 7-11 x 5-6.

=versipelle=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. viscid with tough gluten, discoid, at length wavy, crust-colour, adglutinated and silky at edge, then glabrous; g. crowded, broad, reddish white then tan; s. 4-7 cm. silky-white, apex pruinose; sp. 12 long.

[=subtortum=, Karst. P. convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, irreg. at first, silky near edge from veil, viscid, pale brick-red or pallid, disc darker; g. adnato-subdecur. crowded, edge crenate; s. hollow, usually twisted, whitish, apex mealy; sp. 7-9 x 4-6.

=mesophaeum=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. conico-convex then plane, even, viscid, almost naked, gilvous, disc bay; g. emarginate, crowded, thin; s. 4-7 cm. tough, equal, slender, fibrillose, whitish then rusty, apex pruinose; sp. 7-8 x 4-5.

Disc of p. sometimes umber.

var. _holophaeum_, Fr. P. umb. everywhere dusky fuscous; s. fuscescent, subannulate.

=strophosum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, subumbonate, viscid, disc bay, edge white with veil; g. crowded; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, silky, whitish, ring near the apex distinct but imperfect; sp. 8-9 x 5.

[=elatellum=, Sacc. (= _Roumeguerites elatellus_, Karst.) P. hemisph. even, glabrous, naked, pale fuscescent, sometimes spotted, yellowish livid when dry; g. adnate, much crowded, narrow, pale tan; s. tall, equal, naked, whitish, ring, inf. entire, persistent, membranous, tinged fuscous; sp. 7-9 x 4-6.

=subcollariatum=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, exp. rather glutinous, pale ochre-tan, centre darker; g. broadly adnate, soon separating from s. and attached to a collar, pale tan, edge whitish; s. 4-5 cm. flexuous, pale, brownish below, pulverulent; sp. 12-13 x 6.

=violascens=, Otth. P. convex, umb. dry, silky shining, bright violet, disc adpressedly squamulose and brownish; g. reddish violet then brownish; s. pale violet then rufous-fibrillose, base slightly bulbous, yellowish.

[=deflectens=, Karst. P. exp. depr. rugulose, dry, scurfy-squamulose, bright yellow-tan; g. crowded, lanceolate; s. equal, fistulose, tough, rooting, paler than p. everywhere white-scurfy; sp. 7-9 x 5-6.

B. DENUDATI. _Pileus glabrous, veil absent from the first._

=sinapizans=, Fr. Smell like radishes. P. 7-12 cm. compact, exp. rather wavy, even, glabrous, rather viscid, pale tan; g. deeply emarginate, broad, dry, crowded, entire; s. 6-10 cm. stout, equal, fibrillose, white, apex white-scaly; sp. 12 x 7.

Differs from _H. sinuosum_ in strong smell and absence of veil.

=crustuliniforme=, Bull. P. 5-10 cm. convex then exp. glabrous, rather viscid, often rather wavy, yellowish-red, disc darker then pale; g. sinuate, thin, narrow, whitish then brown, edge crenulate and with beads of moisture; s. 4-7 cm. solid, firm, subbulbous, whitish, with minute white recurved flecks; sp. 11-12 x 6.

[=Syrjense=, Karst. P. convex, exp. obtuse, dry, even, glabrous, brick-red; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid, edge crenulate; s. equal, wavy, twisted, white, white-flocculoso-pulverulent above, at length entirely umber; sp. 10-11 x 5-6.

Subcaespitose; stems cohering at base.

=hiemale=, Bres. (= _H. crustuliniforme_, var. _minor_, Cke.) P. exp.-gibbous or depr. viscid, glabrous, edge incurved and white flocculose at first, pallid tan, centre reddish tan; g. crowded, sinuate and almost free, edge white-floccose; s. whitish, apex with white scurf; sp. 12-13 x 6-7.

Near to _H. crustuliniforme_, but smaller and smell obsolete.

[=subsaponaceum=, Karst. Smell strong, soapy. P. exp. obtuse, even, naked, dry, gilvous then pallid, darker when dry; g. adnate, dry; s. elongated, equal, rather wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, apex rather mealy, pale, umber below when touched; sp. 6-10 x 4-6.

[=Stocseki=, Schulz. P. convex, even, whitish then yellow, centre tawny; g. adnexed, narrow, both ends narrowed, rufescent; s. cylindrical, thickened below, whitish, often striately-twisted; sp. 10 x 4-6.

[=Queletii=, Schulz. P. umbonato-campan. then convex, white then ochre, sometimes rufous-brown, very even, subviscid in rainy weather, pellicle separable; g. subsinuato-adnexed, rounded in front, whitish then pale cinnamon; s. cylindrical, often curved at base, white base tinged brown; sp. 10-12 x 6.

[=involuta=, Lamb. (= _Paxillus nitens_, Lamb.) P. convex, glutinous when moist, shining as if varnished when dry, yellow brown, paler at edge which remains for a long time incurved; flesh yellowish, glabrous; g. free, cut out behind, narrow, crowded, brownish olive at last; s. reddish yellow above, darker below.

=elatum=, Batsch. Smell strong of radishes. P. 6-10 cm. convex, umb. glabrous, viscid, pinkish ochre whitish towards the edge; g. uncinate, wavy, crowded, dry, pale flesh-colour then bistre; s. 8-10 cm. soft, cylindrical, twisted, white then bistre, apex mealy, fibrillose or downy; sp. 13-15 x 7.

=longicaudum=, Pers. P. 3-6 cm. exp. even, subumb. glabrous, viscid, rather wavy, tan then whitish; g. crowded, dry, serrulate; s. 8-11 cm. partly hollow, fragile, fibrillose, subequal, white, apex with white meal; sp. 10 x 5.

var. _radicatum_, Cke. S. fusiform, rooting.

=lugens=, Jungh. Smell strong. P. 4-7 cm. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, brown then yellowish; g. pale rusty, edge crenulate, darker; s. 4-7 cm. shining, fibrillosely striate, subbulbous, apex white-mealy; sp. 10 x 6.

=truncatum=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. exp. undulately wavy, almost dry, somewhat rufous, edge paler; g. crowded, dry; s. 1.5-2 cm. solid, stout, equal, everywhere slightly pruinose, white; sp. 12-13 x 6.

[=mentiens=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, edge angularly bent down, even, glabrous, dry, yellowish-tan, tinged tawny when dry; g. subadnate, broad, thin, white, yellowish when dry; s. hollow, fibrous, flexuous, glabrous, white, apex thickened and rather pruinose; sp. 6-7 x 3-4.

=nudipes=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, almost glabrous, slightly viscid, tan then pale, edge thin; g. crowded, dry; s. 4-6 cm. solid, equal, pelliculose, glabrous, naked, shining white, base fibrillose; sp. 12 x 6. (8-10 x 4-5 Sacc.)

[=sacchariolens=, Q. Smell strong, like burnt sugar. P. campan. then convex, 2-3 cm. thin, glabrous, viscid, whitish with the centre buff; g. sinuate, crinkled, whitish then buff bordered with white; s. slender, subfistulose, slightly striate, silky, pruinose at the summit, white, streaked with fawn fibrils below; sp. 12 long.

[=circinans=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, lubricous, smoky-ochre, edge revolute downy and whitish; g. sinuate, crowded, reddish, edge white, crenulate; s. slender, whitish, subbulbous, with reflexed circinate fibrils; sp. 11-12 long.

=nauseosum=, Cke. Smell nauseous. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. gibbous, viscid, whitish ochre; g. very broad; s. 3-5 cm. whitish, mealy above; sp. 20 x 10.

Differs from _H. crustuliniforme_ in glabrous s.

=capnicocephalum=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, gilvous, disc darker, edge becoming blackish; g. broad, rusty; s. 3-4 cm. narrowed downwards, fibrillosely-striate, pale rufescent; sp. 9 x 5. (12-14 x 7-8, Sacc.)

=ischnostylum=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. exp. broadly umb. rather viscid, white or a little pallid at disc; g. edge serrulate; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, naked, whitish; sp. 12 x 7.

Differs from _H. nudipes_ in whitish p.

[=diffractum=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, nearly dry, at length broken up into scales, tan; g. broad; s. hollow, white, narrowed below, whitish floccosely scaly above; sp. 10-12 x 4-5.

[=subzonatum=, Weinm. P. campanulato-exp. viscid, with darker innately scaly zones, whitish; g. crowded, narrow; s. equal, rather bulbous, fibrillose, apex pruinose.

[=spoliatum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, viscid, even, glabrous, reddish tan; g. broad, crowded; s. equal, rooting, tough, glabrous, apex pruinose; sp. 10 x 6.

[=tortuosum=, Karst. P. convex, exp. gibbous, even, rufous-tan then pale, glabrous; g. pallid then honey-colour; s. narrowed below, hollow, contorted, pallid, apex with white floccose scales; sp. 6-9 x 4-5.