Chapter IV: Dermocybe

_Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or
subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygr._

* _Gills at first whitish or pallid._

=ochroleucus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. gibbous then obtuse, even, pallid white; g. crowded becoming ochre-tan; s. 4-7 cm. solid, firm, ventricose, white; sp. 8 x 4-5.

=decumbens=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. even, white then yellowish, shining; g. tan from first; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, clavato-bulbous, ascending, pallid; sp. ----.

=riculatus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. gibbous, yellowish, with adpressed silky bloom, becoming whitish, disc naked; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, pallid, base thickened.

=tabularis=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, flocculose then almost glabrous, brownish tan then pale; g. emarginate; s. 5-7 cm. white, adpressedly fibrilloso-scaly then almost glabrous; sp. ----.

[=ochrophyllus=, Fr. P. exp. dry, glabrous, brownish olive then pale; g. ochre then tan; s. solid, pallid, variegated with darker adpressed scales.

=camarus=, Fr. Fragile. P. 5-7 cm. gibbous, hoary brown then pale; g. subadnate; s. 5-7 cm. partly hollow, equal, curved, inside and outside white, apex silvery shining; sp. 8-9 x 6-7.

=diabolicus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. obtuse then gibbous, fuscescent with a grey bloom, then glabrous and tawny yellow; g. subemarginately adnexed; s. 6-7 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex grey; sp. 10-12 x 7.

** _Gills at first violet then purplish._

=caninus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. nearly glabrous, rufous-brick-red, tawny when dry; g. broad, purple then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. clavately bulbous, subperonate, pallid, apex violet; sp. 8 x 5-6.

=myrtillinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. gibbous then flattened, sooty, hoary with white fibrils; g. rather distant, amethyst-blue then bluish tan; s. 4-5 cm. bulbous silky, not zoned, whitish; sp. 10 x 5.

Apex of stem violet; no purple in g.

=azureus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. silky or atomate shining, hoary lilac; g. clear blue-violet; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, base thickened, downy, whitish; sp. 9 x 6.

=albocyaneus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. hoary silky then glabrous, white then yellowish; g. broad, crowded, bluish purple then subochre; s. 6-9 cm. subclavate, naked, whitish; sp. 6-10 x 4-7.

Differs from _C. anomalus_ in clavate s. and flattened p.

=anomalus=, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. obtuse then gibbous, sooty-rufous, hoary fibrillose then glabrous and tawny; g. crowded, bluish-purple then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. thin, attenuated, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, violet then pallid; sp. 8-9 x 7.

=spilomeus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. gibbous, dry, fuscous then tan; g. crowded, narrow; s. 4-5 cm. whitish lilac variegated with tawny rufous scales; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. anomalus_ in scaly stem.

=lepidopus=, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. exp. gibbous, umber with a tinge of violet at edge, becoming rufescent; g. adnate, violet then cinnamon; s. 6-9 cm. narrowed upwards, rather wavy, whitish or tinged lilac, with concentric darker zones; sp. 9 x 6.

[=Lebretonii=, Q. P. lilac then fawn; s. lilac, dotted with saffron flecks.

*** _Gills shining cinnamon, red, or yellow. Stem and fibrillose
cortina coloured._

=miltinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, bay-cinnamon, soon very glabrous and shining; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, rusty; s. 5-7 cm. equally narrowed upwards, cinnamon, reddish-fibrillose; sp. 6 x 4.

=cinnabarinus=, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. Every part crimson-lake. P. 2-5 cm. obtuse, silky then almost glabrous, shining; g. adnate, broad, rather distant, darker; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from _C. sanguineus_ in stuffed s., radishy smell, and broad gills with an olive tinge.

=sanguineus=, Fr. Entirely blood-red. P. 2-5 cm. obtuse, innately silky or squamulose; g. crowded, broadish; s. 3-5 cm. stuffed then hollow, thin, equal; sp. 6-7 x 4.

=anthracinus=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. convex exp. umb. somewhat chestnut; g. adnate, crowded, scarlet, blood-red when bruised; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillose, deep blood-red; sp. 7 x 5.

=cinnamomeus=, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. obtuse, umb. somewhat cinnamon with yellowish innate fibrils; g. adnate, broad, crowded, shining, yellowish; s. 4-9 cm. equal, with flesh and veil yellowish; sp. 7-8 x 4-5.

var. _croceus_, Fr. Smaller. P. subsquamulose, sometimes tinged olive; g. less crowded, yellowish and sometimes olive, as is also the s.

var. _semisanguineus_, Fr. G. blood-red or orange-red.

=uliginosus=, B. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. then exp. strongly umb. bright red-brown or brick-red, flesh olive-yellow; g. adnate, yellow, olive, tan; s. 4-9 cm. flexuous, paler than p.; sp. 7 x 4-5.

=croceoconus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conico-campan. persistently acute, tawny cinnamon; g. linear, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. slender, flexuous, hollow; sp. ----.

=orellanus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. obtusely umb. villosely squamulose or fibrillose orange-tawny, flesh reddish; g. adfixed, broad; s. 3-5 cm. solid, fibrillosely striate, tawny; sp. 6-7 x 3-4.

Differs from _C. cinnamomeus_ in solid stem and reddish flesh.

=malicorius=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. obtuse, velvety-fibrillose, tawny-golden, flesh splitting, yellow then olive-green; g. crowded, tawny orange, edge becoming flocculose; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fibrillose, golden; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. cinnamomeus_ in persistently hollow s. golden then olive-brown; flesh yellow then greenish- or golden-olive.

=infucatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, obtuse, bright yellow; g. adnate, crowded, tawny then cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. narrowed from clavate base, fibrillose, whitish or yellowish; sp. 10 x 5.

[=fucatophyllus=, Lasch. P. acutely umb. fibrillosely scaly, brownish; g. broad, yellow with crimson spots, denticulate; s. fibrillose, yellowish, veil reddish.

=colymbadinus=, Fr. P. subgibbous, with seceding yellow fibrils, yellowish; flesh splitting, yellowish; g. rather distant, broad, thick, rusty, edge white-floccose; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, naked, pallid.

**** _Becoming olivaceous. Veil dingy, pallid or tinged fuscous.
Pileus not broken up into scales._

=cotoneus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. olivaceous, campan. exp. bullate, wavy, innately velvety; g. olive then brownish tan; s. 5-8 cm. solid, base thickened, pale olive, veil forming a fuscous zone; sp. 10-11 x 8.

=subnotatus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. then exp. olive then fuscous, at first clothed with superficial hoary squamules, soon glabrous; g. yellowish then olive tan; s. 6-9 cm. conical, squamulose with yellowish fragments of veil, apex glabrous, shining; sp. 10 x 5.

=valgus=, Fr. Fragile. P. 5-7 cm. convex, subgibbous, almost glabrous, olive then brick-red, edge submembranaceous; g. dingy yellow red then brick-red; s. 7-12 cm. twisted, naked, pallid, shining, apex striate, tinged violet, bulb with white down, rooting; sp. ----.

=raphanoides=, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then exp. gibbous, silky with innate fibrils, olive then tawny; g. olive then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. firm, fibrillose, paler; sp. 8 x 5.

[=depexus=, Fr. P. thin, convex then plane, brick-red becoming pale; g. adnate, yellowish then cinnamon, opaque; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, pallid.

=venetus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, convex then exp. silky-villose, olive then yellowish, opaque; g. broad, veined, yellowish-olive then olive-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. fibrilloso-striate, with the veil colour of p.; sp. 10 x 5.

P. obtusely umb. sea-green or clear yellow-green as is the flesh.

[=olivascens=, Karst. P. thin, edge submembr. firm, equal, convex then plane, even, glabrous, olive; s. pallid, fibrillose, ring fugacious; g. adnexed, very broad tawny rusty; sp. 7-10 x 3-4.