Chapter LXXXVIII: Euboic and Olynthian Wars

Change of sentiments at Olynthus — the Olynthians afraid of
Philip — they make peace with Athens. — Unfriendly feelings
of Philip towards Olynthus — ripening into war in 350 B. C. —
Fugitive half-brothers of Philip obtain shelter at Olynthus.
— Intrigues of Philip in Olynthus — his means of corruption
and of fomenting intestine discord. — Conquest and destruction
of the Olynthian confederate towns by Philip, between 350-347
B. C. terrible phenomena. — Philip attacks the Olynthians and
Chalkidians — beginning of the Olynthian war, 350 B. C. — The
Olynthians conclude alliance with Athens. — The Athenians
contract alliance with Olynthus — earliest Olynthiac speech
of Demosthenes. — The Second Olynthiac is the earliest — its
tone and tenor. — Disposition to magnify the practical effect
of the speeches of Demosthenes — his true position — he is an
opposition speaker. — Philip continues to press the Olynthian
confederacy — increasing danger of Olynthus — fresh applications
to Athens. — Demosthenes delivers another Olynthiac oration —
that which stands First, in the printed order. Its tenor. — Just
appreciation of the situation by Demosthenes. He approaches
the question of the Theôric Fund. — Assistance sent by Athens
to Olynthus. Partial success against Philip. — Partial and
exaggerated confidence at Athens. The Athenians lose sight of
the danger of Olynthus. Third Olynthiac of Demosthenes. — Tenor
and substance of the third Olynthiac. — Courage of Demosthenes
in combating the prevalent sentiment. — Revolt of Eubœa from
Athens. — Intrigues of Philip in Eubœa. — Plutarch of Eretria
asks aid from Athens. Aid is sent to him under Phokion, though
Demosthenes dissuades it — Treachery of Plutarch — danger of
Phokion and the Athenians in Eubœa — victory of Phokion at
Tamynæ. — Dionysiac festival at Athens in March, 349 B. C. —
Insult offered to Demosthenes by Meidias. — Reproaches against
Demosthenes for having been absent from the battle of Tamynæ — he
goes over on service to Eubœa as a hoplite — he is named senator
for 349-348 B. C. — Hostilities in Eubœa, during 349-348 B. C. —
Great efforts of Athens in 349 B. C. for the support of Olynthus
and the maintenance of Eubœa at the same time. — Financial
embarrassments of Athens. Motion of Apollodorus about the Theôric
Fund. The assembly appropriate the surplus of revenue to military
purposes. — Apollodorus is indicted and fined. — The diversion
of the Theôric Fund proves the great anxiety of the moment at
Athens. — Three expeditions sent by Athens to Chalkidikê in
349-348 B. C. according to Philochorus. — Final success of Philip
— capture of the Chalkidic towns and of Olynthus. — Sale of the
Olynthian prisoners — ruin of the Greek cities in Chalkidikê.
— Cost incurred by Athens in the Olynthian war. — Theôric Fund
— not appropriated to war purposes until a little before the
battle of Chæroneia. — Views respecting the Theôric Fund. —
It was the general Fund of Athens for religious festivals and
worship — distributions were one part of it — character of the
ancient religious festivals. — No other branch of the Athenian
peace-establishment was impoverished or sacrificed to the Theôric
expenditure. — The annual surplus might have been accumulated as
a war-fund — how far Athens is blamable for not having done so. —
Attempt of the Athenian property-classes to get clear of direct
taxation by taking from the Theôric Fund. — Conflict of these two
feelings at Athens. Demosthenes tries to mediate between them
— calls for sacrifices from all, especially personal military
service. — Appendix.
319-363