Chapter XXVIII: Front Matter (28)

2. (Ph. D.) Rectified spirit and oil of vitriol (commercial), of each 1-1/2 pint; as the last, employing a Liebig’s condenser, and a capsule for the exposure to the air; the oil is then transferred to a moistened paper filter, and washed with a little cold water, to remove any adhering acid.

3. (Ph. D. 1826.) From the residuum in the retort after the process of preparing ether, distilled to one half, by a moderate heat, and the oil treated as before.

4. From rectified spirit (sp. gr. ·833), 2 parts; oil of vitriol, 5 parts; mix and distil, as before; wash the product with distilled water, and free it from adhering water and undecomposed alcohol by exposure in the vacuum of an air-pump, between two open capsules, the one containing fragments of solid potassa, and the other concentrated sulphuric acid. Pure.

5. By distilling a mixture of ether and oil of vitriol, and treating the product as before.

6. By the destructive distillation of dry sulphovinate of calcium; the product is freed from alcohol, &c., by washing it. This process yields the largest product.

_Prop., &c._ An oily liquid, nearly colourless, neutral, with an aromatic taste, and an odour resembling that of oil of peppermint. It is insoluble in water, but freely soluble in both alcohol and ether; boiling water converts it into sulphovinic acid, and a volatile liquid called light or sweet oil of wine; with an alkaline solution, this effect is produced with even greater facility. Sp. gr. 1·05 (Hennel & Ph. L.); 1·13 (Serullas). Boils at 540° Fahr. “Dropped into water, it sinks, the form of the globule being preserved.” (Ph. L.) _Prod._ 1·25 to 1·5%; 33 lbs. of rectified spirit, and 64 lbs. of oil of vitriol, yield 17 oz. of this oil (Hennel).

_Uses._ Oil of wine is reputed anodyne, but is only used in the preparation of other compounds. See SPIRIT OF ETHER (Compound), &c.

=Oil of Wine (Light).= _Syn._ SWEET OIL OF WINE. See ETHERIN, ETHEROLE, and _above_.

=Oil, Wood (of India).= From the _Chloroxylon Swietenia_ (De Cand.), the tree which yields the satin-wood of the cabinet-makers. Another wood oil (GŪRJUN BALSAM) is obtained by incision from various species of _Dipterocarpus_. This balsam yields about 38% of a volatile oil by distillation, which in its general properties closely resembles OIL OF COPAIBA. (O’Shaughnessey.)

=Oil of Worm′seed.= _Syn._ OLEUM CHENOPODII (Ph. U. S.), L. From the seeds of _Chenopodium anthelminticum_, or Jerusalem oak (American wormseed). Light yellow, or greenish; powerfully anthelmintic. Sp. gr. ·908.——_Dose._ For an adult, 25 to 30 drops, in sugar, honey, or milk, night and morning, for 3 or 4 days, followed by a good dose of castor oil, or some other suitable purgative.

=Oil of Worm′wood.= _Syn._ OLEUM ABSINTHII, L. From the herbaceous portion of _Artemisia absinthium_, or common wormwood; green or brownish-green; odorous; acrid; bitter; stomachic. Sp. gr. ·9703 (Brisson); ·9720 (Pereira); ·9725 (Brande). _Prod._ Fresh herb (picked), 1/4 to 1/3%, dry herb (a year old), 1/2% (fully); do. (recent), 3/4 to 1% (fully).

_Pur._ That of the shops is nearly always either adulterated or partly spoiled by age; hence the discrepancies in the densities given for this oil by different authorities. A specimen of this oil distilled by Mr Cooley from the green plant had the sp. gr. ·9712; but after being kept for 12 months, it had increased to ·9718. Nitric acid of 1·25 colours the pure oil first green, then blue, and, lastly, brown. The positive character of these reactions is in direct proportion to the purity and freshness of the sample.

=OILY EMUL′SION.= See LINCTUS (Emollient).

=OILY ETHE′′REAL LIQ′UOR.= See OIL OF WINE (_above_).

=OINT′MENT.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM, L. Any soft, fatty substance applied to the skin by inunction. The term is now commonly restricted to those which are employed in medicine.

Ointments (unguenta) differ from ‘cerates’ chiefly in their consistence, and in wax not being a constant or essential constituent; and they are made and used in a nearly similar manner to that class of preparations. Their proper degree of solidity is that of good butter, at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere. When the active ingredients are pulverulent substances, nothing can be more suitable to form the body of the ointment than good fresh lard, free from salt; but when they are fluid or semi-fluid, prepared suet, or a mixture of suet and lard, will be necessary to give a due consistence to the compound. In some instances wax is ordered for this purpose. Another excellent ‘vehicle’ for the more active ingredients is a simple ointment, formed by melting together 1 part of pure white wax with about 4 parts of olive oil. The use of the last excludes the possibility of the irritation sometimes occasioned by the accession of rancidity, when inferior lard is employed. In a few cases butter is employed to form the body of the ointment.

Some ointments are made from recent vegetable substances by infusion or coction, in the manner adopted for medicated oils. See OILS, MEDICATED.

The precautions to be used in the choice of lard are noticed in the article devoted to this substance. Lard is included in the Materia Medica of the London College. In the last Ph. D. lard for medicinal use (ADEPS SUILLUS PRÆPARATUS——Ph. D.) is ordered to be prepared by melting it in twice its weight of boiling water, stirring it constantly for some time, then setting the mixture aside to cool; and, lastly, separating the fat when it has solidified.

Ointments are best preserved by keeping them in salt-glazed earthen or stoneware jars, covered with tin foil, in a cool situation.

The accession of rancidity in ointments and other unctuous preparations may be greatly retarded, if not wholly prevented, by previously dissolving in the fat about 2% of gum-benzoin, in fine powder, or rather less quantity of benzoic acid by the aid of heat. This addition renders the ointment peculiarly soothing to irritable or highly sensitive skins. Poplar buds act in a similar manner.

⁂ The formulæ for all the more useful and generally employed ointments are given below. Those not included in the list may be prepared of the proper strength for all ordinary purposes, by combining about 12 to 15 times the medium dose of the particular medicinal with 1 oz. of lard or simple ointment. For substances which possess little activity, 1/2 to 1 dr. per oz., or even more, may be taken. See CERATE, FAT, &c.

=Ointment of Ac′etate of Lead.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM PLUMBI ACETATIS (B. P., Ph. E. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Acetate of lead, in fine powder, 1 oz.; simple ointment, 20 oz.; mix them thoroughly (by trituration).

2. (Ph. D.) Ointment of white wax, 1 lb.; melt by a gentle heat, then add, gradually, of acetate of lead, in very fine powder, 1 oz., and stir the mixture until it concretes.

3. (B. P.) Acetate of lead, in fine powder, 12 gr.; benzoated lard, 1 oz.; mix.

_Obs._ A useful, cooling, astringent, and desiccative ointment. For the formula of Ph. L., see CERATE.

=Ointment, Ace′tic.= See OINTMENT, VINEGAR.

=Ointment of Ac′onite.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ACONITI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Turnbull.) Alcoholic extract of aconite, 1 part; lard, 2 parts; carefully triturated together. In neuralgia, &c.

2. (Ammoniated; UNGUENTUM ACONITI AMMONIATUM——Turnbull.) Ammoniated extract of aconite, 1 part; lard, 3 parts. In neuralgia, paralysis, old rheumatic affections, &c. The use of the above preparations of aconite requires the greatest caution. They are intended as substitutes for OINTMENT OF ACONITINE, a still more dangerous preparation.

=Ointment of Acon′itine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ACONITINÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Garrod.) Pure aconitine, 1 gr.; lard, 1 dr.; mix by careful trituration.

2. (Dr Turnbull.) Aconitine, 2 gr.; rectified spirit, 6 or 7 drops; triturate together, then add of lard, 1 dr., and mix well.

3. (B. P.) Aconitia (aconitine), 8 gr.; rectified spirit, 1/2 dr.; dissolve and add lard, 1 oz.; mix.

_Use, &c._ As a topical benumber in neuralgic affections, rheumatic pains, &c. Its application generally occasions considerable tingling, and sometimes redness of the part to which it is applied, followed by temporary loss of sensation in the skin and the cessation of the pain. For slight cases Dr Paris formerly employed only 1 gr. to the oz. Owing to the intensely poisonous nature of aconitine, this ointment must be both prepared and used with great caution, and must never be applied to an abraded surface. It is seldom employed, owing to its extreme costliness. See ACONITIA, and _above_.

=Ointment, Ague.= See OINTMENT, ANTIPERIODIC.

=Ointment, Albinolo’s.= See PATENT MEDICINES.

=Ointment, Alkaline.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ALKALINUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (Biett.) Carbonate of soda, 2 dr.; fresh-slaked lime, 1 dr.; powdered opium, 2 gr.; lard, 2 oz.; mix by trituration. In prurigo, ringworm, and some other cutaneous affections.

2. (Cazenave.) Carbonate of potassa, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. In psoriasis, lepra, and scorbutic eruptions.

3. (Devergie.)——_a._ From carbonate (not sesquicarbonate) of soda, 10 to 15 gr.; lard, 1 oz. In lichen.

_b._ From carbonate of soda, 20 to 30 gr.; lard, 1 oz. In ichthyosis, lepra, psoriasis, and some other scaly skin diseases.

_c._ From carbonate of soda, 1/2 to 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. In porrigo favosa, especially when occurring in adults.

4. (Soubeiran.) Carbonate of soda, 1 to 2 dr.; wine of opium, 1 fl. dr.; lard, 1 oz. In any of the above affections, when there is much pain or irritation.

_Obs._ Carbonate of potassa is thought to be preferable to carbonate of soda, when the above affections occur in scorbutic habits. A little camphor is also occasionally added.

=Ointment of Aloes.= See OINTMENT FOR WORMS.

=Ointment of Aloes, Compound.= See OINTMENT FOR WORMS.

=Ointment of Al′um.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ALUMINIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Alum, in very fine powder, 1 dr.; lard, 1-1/2 oz. In piles.

2. To the last add of powdered opium, 7 gr. In piles, when there is much pain. See OINTMENT, BANYER’S.

=Ointment, Ammoni′acal.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM AMMONIACALE, U. AMMONIÆ, L.; LIPAROLE D’AMMONIAQUE, POMMADE DE GONDRET, Fr. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) Suet and lard, of each 1 oz.; melt in a strong wide-mouthed bottle, add of liquor of ammonia (sp. gr. ·923), 2 oz., at once close the bottle, and agitate it until its contents concrete. As little heat as possible should be employed, to prevent unnecessary loss of ammonia.

2. (Gondret.) Lard, 3 parts; suet, 2 parts; almond oil, 1 part; strong solution of ammonia, 6 parts; mix, as before. Rubefacient, vesicant, and counter-irritant. Smeared over the skin and covered so as to prevent evaporation, it raises a blister in 5 or 6 minutes. Its general effects and uses are similar to those of compound liniment of ammonia.

=Ointment of Car′bonate of Ammo′′nia.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM AMMONIÆ CARBONATIS, U. A. SESQUICARBONATIS, L. _Prep._ From carbonate of ammonia, 1 dr.; lard, 9 dr. An excellent application to painful joints, indolent tumours, scrofulous sores, &c.

=Ointment of Ammo′niated Mercury.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI AMMONIATI (B. P.). Ammoniated mercury, 62 gr.; simple ointment, 1 oz.; mix. See next preparation.

=Ointment of Ammo′′nio-chloride of Mercury.= _Syn._ WHITE PRECIPITATE OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI AMMONIO-CHLORIDI (Ph. L.), U. H. PRECIPITATI ALBI, U. PRECIP. A. (Ph. E.), U. H SUBMURIATIS AMMONIATI (Ph. D. 1826), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Ammonio-chloride of mercury, 2 dr.; lard, 3 oz.; triturate together.

2. (Ph. E.) As the last, but employing heat.

_Uses, &c._ Alterative; detergent; stimulant. In itch, scald-head, and various other skin diseases; in inflammation of the eyes; as an application to scrofulous and cancerous tumours; to destroy vermin on the body, &c. It “may be safely used” (in small quantities) “on infants.” (A. T. Thomson.)

=Ointment, An′′glo-Saxon.= _Prep._ Heat olive oil, 1 pint, and beeswax, 1/4 lb., until the mixture acquires a reddish-brown colour; then add red lead (levigated), 1/4 lb., and continue the heat, with constant stirring; when the union appears complete, add of amber and burnt alum, of each, in fine powder, 1/2 oz.; lastly, when considerably cooled, add of powdered camphor, 3 dr. As a dressing to foul ulcers.

=Ointment, An′odyne.= See OINTMENT OF OPIUM, HEMLOCK, &c.

=Ointment of An′thracoka′li.= _Syn._ POMADE DE ANTHRACOKALI, Fr. _Prep._ (Dr Polya.) Anthracokali, in very fine powder, 1 part; lard, 30 parts. See ANTHRACOKALI.

=Ointment, Antiherpet′ic.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ANTIHERPETICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (Alibert.) Red sulphide of mercury, 3 dr.; powdered camphor, 1 dr.; lard, 3 oz.

2. (Chevallier.) ‘Subsulphate of mercury’ (Turpeth mineral), 2 dr.; chloride of lime, 3 dr.; almond oil, 6 dr.; lard, 2 oz. In herpes or tetters.

=Ointment, Antimo′nial.= See OINTMENT OF POTASSIO TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY.

=Ointment, Antiperiod′ic.= _Syn._ AGUE OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM ANTIPERIODICUM, U. FEBRIFUGUM, L. _Prep._ 1. Disulphate of quinine, 1-1/2 dr.; saccharine carbonate of iron, 1 dr.; oil of cajeput, 30 drops; fresh butter, 1 oz.

2. (Antonini.) Sulphate of quinine, 1 oz.; rectified spirit and sulphuric acid, of each q. s.; lard, 1 oz.

_Uses, &c._ About 1/4 oz. of either of the above to be rubbed on the vertebral regions once every 2 or 3 hours for 3 or 4 days, in intermittent fevers, more especially in those accompanied by vomiting; or, into the epigastrium, in cholera, diarrhœa, or dysentery.

=Ointment of Araroba.= See ARAROBA.

=Ointment, Aromat′ic.= _Syn._ BALSAMUM STOMACHALE WACKERI, UNGUENTUM AROMATICUM, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Austr. 1836.) Simple ointment, 2-1/2 lbs.; yellow wax and oil of laurel, of each 3 oz.; melt together, and, when considerably cooled, add of oils of juniper, mint, lavender, and rosemary, of each 2 dr. Anodyne, balsamic, and stimulant.

=Ointment, Arsen′ical.= _Syn._ OINTMENT OF WHITE ARSENIC; UNGUENTUM ARSENICALE, U. ARSENICI, U. ACIDI ARSENIOSI, L. _Prep._ 1. Arsenious acid (levigated), 3 gr.; lard or simple ointment, 1 oz. In lepra, psoriasis, malignant whitlows, &c.

2. (Hosp. F.) Levigated white arsenic, 15 to 20 gr.; lard, 1 oz. As a dressing for cancerous sores.

2. (Soubeiran.) White arsenic, 1 dr.; lard, and spermaceti ointment, of each 6 dr. In malignant cancer. The above must be carefully prepared, and used with great caution. See CERATE.

=Ointment of Arse′′niate of I′ron.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM FERRI ARSENIATIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Carmichael.) Arseniate of iron, 1/2 dr.; phosphate of iron, 2 dr.; spermaceti ointment, 6 dr.

2. (Dr Pereira.) Arseniate of iron, 1/2 dr.; lard, 1-1/2 oz. In cancer.

=Ointment of Arseniate of Soda.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM SODÆ ARSENIATIS. _Prep._ Arseniate of soda, 1 dr.; lard, 2 oz. Mix.

=Ointment, Astrin′gent.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ASTRINGENS, L. _Prep._ Triturate powdered catechu, 1-1/2 dr., with boiling water, 2 fl. dr., add, gradually, of spermaceti ointment (melted), 1-1/4 oz., and continue the trituration until the mass concretes. An excellent dressing for ill-disposed sores and ulcers, especially during hot weather. See the several LEAD OINTMENTS, OINTMENT OF GALLS, &c.

=Ointment of Atro′′pia.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ATROPIÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. Atropia, 1-1/2 gr; simple ointment, 1 dr.; mix by careful trituration.

2. (Dr Brookes.) Atropia, 5 gr.; lard, 3 dr.; otto of roses, 1 drop. In neuralgia, rheumatic pains, &c., when the affection is not deeply seated.

3. (B. P.) Atropia, 8 gr.; rectified spirit, 1/2 dr.; lard, 1 oz.; dissolve the atropia in the spirit and mix with the lard.

=Ointment, Bailey’s.= See OINTMENT, ITCH.

=Ointment of Bal′sam of Peru.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BALSAMI PERUVIANI, L. _Prep._ 1. Lard or spermaceti ointment, 1 oz.; balsam of Peru, 1 dr.; melt together by the heat of boiling water, stir for 5 or 6 minutes, allow it to settle, and pour off the clear portion. In chaps and abrasions.

2. (Compound; UNG. B. P. COMPOSITUM——Copland.) Lard, 1 oz.; white wax, 1/4 oz.; balsam of Peru, 1 dr,; melt as before, and when nearly cold, add of oil of lavender, 10 or 12 drops. As the last, and to restore the hair.

=Ointment, Banyer’s.= _Syn._ COMPOUND ALUM OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM ALUMINIS COMPOSITUM, U. CALOMELANOS, U. BANYERI, L. _Prep._ From burnt alum and calomel, of each 1-1/2 oz.; carbonate of lead, or litharge (levigated), 2 oz.; Venice turpentine, 1/2 lb.; lard, 2 lbs.; carefully triturated together. In milk-scald, porrigo, &c.

=Ointment of Bark.= See OINTMENT OF CINCHONA.

=Ointment, Basil′icon.= _Syn._ BASILICON, YELLOW B.; UNGUENTUM BASILICUM; U. B. FLAVUM, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1746.) Olive oil, 16 fl. oz.; yellow wax, yellow resin, and Burgundy pitch, of each 1 lb.; melt, remove the vessel from the fire, and stir in of common turpentine, 3 oz. This form is still occasionally employed in some shops, but is generally superseded by the resin cerate and resin ointment of the Pharmacopœias. A nearly similar preparation under the name of ‘basilicon ointment,’ is contained in the Ph. Bor. 1847. (See _below_.)

=Ointment, Basilicon (Black).= See OINTMENT OF PITCH.

=Ointment, Basilicon (Green).= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BASILICUM VIRIDE, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1746). Prepared verdigris, 1 oz.; yellow basilicon, 8 oz.; olive oil, 3 fl. oz. Detergent. Used to keep down fungous growths, to dress syphilitic ulcers, &c. See CERATE and OINTMENT OF VERDIGRIS.

=Ointment, Bateman’s.= See OINTMENT, ITCH.

=Ointment of Bay-leaves.= See OINTMENT, LAUREL.

=Ointment of Belladon′na.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BELLADONNÆ (B. P., Ph. L.). _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Extract of belladonna (deadly nightshade), 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz.; mix by trituration.

2. (Soubeiran.) Fresh belladonna leaves (bruised), 1 part; lard, 2 parts; simmer together until the leaves become crisp, and, after digestion, for a short time longer, drain with pressure.

3. (B. P.) Extract of belladonna, 1; rubbed with a few drops of water and mix with lard, 5-1/2.

_Uses, &c._ As a local anodyne, in painful and indolent tumours, nervous irritations, &c. Also as an application to the neck of the uterus in cases of rigidity. (Chaussier.)

4. Compound; UNGUENTUM BELLADONNÆ COMPOSITUM, L.——_a._ (W. Cooley.) Compound iodine ointment, 7 dr.; extract of belladonna, 1 dr. Powerfully discutient. A most excellent application to all glandular tumours and indurations, buboes, &c., which it is desirable to disperse instead of mature, more especially where there is much pain. It is particularly suitable to cases occurring on shipboard, and when its application (at least twice a day) is accompanied with the internal use of the mixture of iodine and gold (See ANTISCROFULOUS MIXTURE), this treatment has seldom failed, even when the parties were dieted chiefly on salt food.

_b._ (Debreyne.) Extract of belladonna and lard, of each 3 dr.; powdered opium, 1/2 dr. As an external anodyne and benumber, more especially in neuralgia, painful cancerous tumours, &c. A small piece is to be applied to the part, and the friction continued for 6 or 8 minutes. The above preparations are useless unless the extract employed is recent, and of good quality.

=Ointment of Benzoin.= (Ph. U. S.) _Syn._ OINTMENT OF BENZOIN. _Prep._ Tincture of benzoin, 2 oz.; lard, 16 oz.; melt the lard over a water bath and add the tincture, stirring constantly, and when the spirit has evaporated, remove from the water bath, and stir whilst cooling.

=Ointment of Bismuth.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BISMUTHI, L. _Prep._ 1. Nitrate of bismuth (‘white bismuth’), 1 dr.; simple ointment, 1 oz.

2. (Fuller.) Nitrate of bismuth, 1 dr.; spermaceti ointment, 19 dr. In itch, and some chronic cutaneous diseases.

=Ointment, Blist′ering.= See OINTMENT OF CANTHARIDES, and VESICANTS.

=Ointment, Blue.= This is the vulgar name in England of mercurial ointment. On the Continent, an ointment made of smalts and Goulard water is commonly so called.

=Ointment of Bo′′rax.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BORACIS, L. _Prep._ From borax (in very fine powder), 1 dr.; simple ointment or lard, 7 dr. In excoriations, chaps, &c.

=Ointment of Bromide of Potas′sium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM POTASSII BROMIDI, U. POTASSÆ HYDROBROMATIS, L. _Prep._ (Magendie.) Bromide of potassium, 1/2 dr.; lard, 1 oz. Resolvent; in bronchocele, scrofula, &c.

=Ointment of Bro′mine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BROMINII, U. B. COMPOSITUM, L. _Prep._ (Magendie.) Bromide of potassium, 20 gr.; bromine, 6 to 12 drops; lard, 1 oz. As the last, but more active.

=Ointment, Brown.= _Syn._ FRENCH POOR-MAN’S FRIEND; UNGUENTUM FUSCUM, U. HYDRARGYRI, F., L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Nitric oxide of mercury (levigated), 1/2 dr.; resin ointment, 1 oz. In ophthalmia (cautiously), after the inflammatory stage is over; as an application to sore legs, &c.

=Ointment of Cad′mium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CADMII, U. C. SULPHATIS, L. _Prep._ (Radius.) Sulphate of cadmium, 1 to 2 gr.; pure lard, 1 dr.; carefully triturated together. In specks on the cornea.

=Ointment of Cadmium, Iodide of.= (B. Ph.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CADMII IODIDI. _Prep._ Mix thoroughly iodide of cadmium in fine powder, 62 gr., with simple ointment, 1 oz.

=Ointment of Caffeine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CAFFEINÆ. _Prep._ Citrate of caffeine, 8 gr.; lard, 10 oz. Mix.

=Ointment of Cala′mine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CALAMINÆ, U. LAPIS CALAMINARIS, U. ZINCI CARBONATIS IMPURI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. D. 1826.) Prepared calamine, 1 lb.; ointment of yellow wax, 5 lbs. Desiccative and healing. This is the old Dublin form for Turner’s cerate.

=Ointment of Cal′omel.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDI (B. P.), UNGUENTUM CALOMELANOS, U. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._ 1. From calomel, 1 dr.; lard, or simple ointment, 1 oz.

_Obs._ “Were I required to name a local agent pre-eminently useful in skin diseases generally, I should fix on this. It is well deserving a place in the Pharmacopœia.” (Pereira.) Dr Underwood uses elder-flower ointment as the vehicle.

2. (Compound; UNGUENTUM CALOMELANOS COMPOSITUM——Dr A. T. Thomson.) Calomel, 1 dr.; tar ointment, 4 dr.; spermaceti ointment, 1 oz.

3. (B. P.) Calomel, 1; prepared lard, 5-1/2; mix. In lepra.

=Ointment of Cam′phor.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CAMPHORÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Camphor, 1 to 2 dr.; lard, 1 oz.; dissolve by a gentle heat and stir until the mass is nearly cold. Stimulant and anodyne; in prurigo, psoriasis, &c.

2. (Compound.) From powdered opium, 1/2 dr.; powdered camphor, 1-1/2 dr.; lard, 1-1/4 oz.; mix by trituration. As an anodyne friction in rheumatic pains, swelled joints, colic, &c.

=Ointment of Canthar′ides.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS (B. P., Ph. L., D., & U. S.), U. LYTTÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Cantharides (in very fine powder), 3 oz.; distilled water, 12 fl. oz.; mix, boil to one half, to the strained liquid add of resin cerate, 1 lb., and evaporate to a proper consistence.

2. (Ph. D.) Liniment of Spanish flies, 8 fl. oz.; white wax, 3 oz.; spermaceti, 1 oz.; melt together with a gentle heat, and stir until it concretes.

3. (Ph. E.)——_a._ UNGUENTUM INFUSUI CANTHARIDIS——Ph. E. Powdered Cantharides 1 oz.; boiling water, 1/4 pint; infuse one night (12 hours), strain with expression, add of lard 2 oz., and boil until the water is expelled; then add beeswax and resin, of each 1 oz., and when these are liquefied, remove the vessel from the fire, and further add of Venice turpentine, 2 oz.

_b._ (UNGUENTUM PULVERIS CANTHARIDIS——Ph. E.) Resin ointment, 7 oz.; melt, add of cantharides (in fine powder), 1 oz., and stir until the whole is nearly cold.

4. (B. P.) Cantharides, in fine powder, 1; olive oil, 6; yellow wax, 1; digest the cantharides in the oil for 12 hours, and for 1/4 hour at 212°; strain, add the melted wax, and stir till cold.

_Obs._ The above preparations are frequently called ‘blister ointment’ or ‘epispastic ointment.’ They are used to keep blisters open after they have been produced by stronger compounds. The first three compounds are regarded as milder than the last (3, _b_), which contains the flies in substance. The P. Cod. contains an ointment (UNG. EPISPASTICUM FLAVUM) which is weaker than the above, prepared by digesting the bruised flies in lard, for 3 hours, over a warm bath; about 1/6th part of wax is next added to the strained fat, which is then coloured with turmeric, and scented with oil of lemon. See CERATE, POMMADE, VESICANTS, and _below_.

=Ointment of Cantharides, Extract of.= (M. Cap.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CUM EXTRACTO CANTHARIDIS. _Prep._ Alcoholic extract of cantharides, 8 gr.; oil of roses, 1 dr.; beef marrow, 2 oz.; oil of lemon, 40 minims. To promote the growth of the hair.

=Ointment of Cantharides with Mercury.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS CUM HYDRARGYRO. _Prep._ Lard, 65 parts; Spanish flies, 29 parts; strong mercurial ointment, 6 parts. Mix. Used in Normandy to indolent tumours.

=Ointment of Canthar′idine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDINÆ, L. _Prep._ (Soubeiran.) Cantharidine, 1 gr.; white wax, 1 dr.; lard, 7 dr.; mix thoroughly. (See _above_.)

=Ointment of Cap′sicum.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CAPSICI, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.) Tincture of capsicum (pure), q. s.; gently evaporate it until it begins to gelatinise, then mix the extract with twice its weight of lard. As a powerful stimulant and rubefacient. When very freely used, it vesicates.

=Ointment of Car′bonate of Am′′monia.= See OINTMENT, AMMONIACAL.

=Ointment of Carbolic Acid.= (Ph. U. S.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLICI. _Prep._ Carbolic acid, 60 gr.; simple ointment, 480 gr.

=Ointment of Car′bonate of Lead.= _Syn._ WHITE LEAD OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CARBONATIS (P. B., Ph. E. & D.), U. CERUSSÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Carbonate of lead, 1 oz.; simple ointment, 5 oz.; mix thoroughly.

2. (Ph. D.) Carbonate of lead, 3 oz.; ointment of white wax, 1 lb.; mix with heat.

3. (B. P.) Carbonate of lead, in fine powder, 1; simple ointment, 7. Mix.

4. UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CAMPHORATUM——(E., 1744). Add to the last 2 scruples of camphor ground with a little oil.

_Uses, &c._ Cooling; desiccative. Useful to promote the healing of excoriated parts and slight ulcerations. The camphorated white ointment of old pharmacy (UNG. ALBUM CAMPHORATUM——Ph. L. 1744) was made by adding 40 gr. of camphor to the first of the above.

=Ointment of Cat′echu.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CATECHU, L. _Prep._ From alum, 1 oz.; catechu, 3 oz.; (both in very fine powder;) added to olive oil, 1/2 pint, and yellow resin, 4 oz., previously melted together. Used to dress ulcers in hot climates, where the ordinary fat ointments are objectionable; also in this country during hot weather. See OINTMENT, ASTRINGENT.

=Ointment of Chalk.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CRETÆ. _Prep._ Prepared chalk, 1 oz.; lard, 4 oz. Mix.

=Ointment of Chamomile.= (M. Bazin.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ANTHEMIDIS. _Prep._ Freshly powdered chamomile flowers, olive oil, and lard, in equal quantities. For the cure of itch.

=Ointment of Char′coal.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CARBONIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Resin ointment, 10 dr.; recently burnt charcoal (levigated), 3 dr. As a dressing to foul ulcers, especially those of the legs.

2. (Caspar.) Lime tree charcoal and dried carbonate of soda, of each 2 dr,; rose ointment, 1 oz., or q. s. In scald-head.

3. (Radius.) Animal charcoal (recent), 1 part; mallow ointment, 2 parts. As a friction in glandular enlargements and indurations, as a dressing to fetid ulcers, &c.

=Ointment of Cher′ry-Laurel.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM LAURO-CERASI, L. _Prep._ (Soubeiran.) Essential oil of cherry-laurel, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. To alleviate the pain in cancer, neuralgia, and other local affections.

=Ointment, Chil′blain.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM AD PERNIONES, L. _Prep._ 1. From made mustard (very thick), 2 parts; almond oil and glycerine, of each 1 part; triturated together. To be applied night and morning.

2. (Cottereau.) Acetate of lead, camphor, and cherry-laurel water, of each 1 dr.; tar, 1-1/2 dr.; lard, 1 oz.

3. (Devergie.) Creasote and Goulard’s extract, of each 12 drops; extract of opium, 1-1/2 gr.; lard, 1 oz. Twice or thrice daily.

4. (Giacomini.) Sugar of lead, 2 dr.; cherry-laurel water (distilled), 2 fl. dr.; lard, 1 oz.

5. (Linnæus.) Balsam of Peru, 1 dr.; hydrochloric acid, 2 dr.; spermaceti ointment, 2-1/2 oz.

_Obs._ For Swediaur’s, Vance’s, and Wahler’s ointments, see article CHILBLAIN.

=Ointment of Chloral Hydrate.= (Dowault.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CHLORALIS HYDRAS. _Prep._ Chloral hydrate, 2 parts; lard, 20 parts. Stimulant; stronger if required as a rubefacient.

=Ointment of Chlo′′ride of Cal′cium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CALCII CHLORIDI, U. CALCIS MURIATIS†, L. _Prep._ (Sundelin.) Chloride of calcium (dry), 1 dr.; strong vinegar, 40 gr.; foxglove (recent, in fine powder), 2 dr.; lard, 1 oz. In bronchocele, scrofulous tumours, &c.

=Ointment of Chloride of Lead.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._ (Tuson). Chloride of lead, 1 part; simple cerate, 8 parts; carefully triturated together. In painful cancerous ulcerations and neuralgic tumours. See LEAD (Chloride).

=Ointment of Chloride of Lime.= See OINTMENT OF HYPOCHLORITE OF LIME.

=Ointment of Chloride of Mercury.= See OINTMENTS OF CALOMEL and CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE.

=Ointment of Chlo′′rine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CHLORINII, L. _Prep._ (Augustin.) Chlorine water, 1 part; lard, 8 parts; well triturated together. In itch, lepra, ringworm, fetid ulcers, &c.

=Ointment of Chlor-i′odide of Mercury.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI CHLORIODIDI, L. _Prep._ (M. Recamier.) Chloriodide (iodo-chloride) of mercury, 3 gr.; lard, 5 dr. Recommended as a powerful discutient or resolvent. See OINTMENT OF IODO-CHLORIDE OF MERCURY.

=Ointment of Chlo′′roform.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CHLOROFORMI, L. _Prep._ (M. Louis.) Chloroform, 1 dr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. In neuralgia and rheumatic pains, &c. It must be kept in a stoppered, wide-mouthed phial.

=Ointment of Cin′chona.= _Syn._ OINTMENT OF BARK; UNGUENTUM CINCHONÆ, L. _Prep._ (Biett.) Red cinchona bark (in very fine powder) and almond oil, of each 1 part; beef marrow (prepared), 3 parts. In the variety of scald-head termed porrigo decalvans. A little oil of mace or tar is a useful addition.

=Ointment, Cit′rine.= See OINTMENT OF NITRATE OF MERCURY.

=Ointment of Cobalt, Oxide of.= (Amst. Ph.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM OXIDI COBALTI. _Prep._ Simple cerate, 16 oz.; liquid subacetate of lead, 4 oz.; powdered smalt, 4 oz.

=Ointment of Coc′culus In′dicus.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM COCCULI (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Kernels of _Cocculus indicus_, 1 part; beat them to a smooth paste in a mortar, first alone, and next with a little lard; then further add of lard, q. s., so that it may be equal to 5 times the weight of the kernels. Used to destroy pediculi, and in scald-head, &c.

=Ointment of Cod-liver Oil.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM OLEI MORRHUÆ, U. O. JECORIS ASELLI, L. _Prep._ Cod-liver oil (pale and recent), 7 parts; white wax and spermaceti, of each 1 part; melted together. In ophthalmia and opacity of the cornea, either alone or combined with a little citrine ointment; as a friction or dressing for scrofulous indurations and sores; in rheumatism, stiff joints, and in several skin diseases. It often succeeds in porrigo or scald-head when all other remedies have failed. Scented with oil of nutmeg and balsam of Peru, it forms an excellent pomade for strengthening and restoring the hair.

=Ointment of Col′ocynth.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS, L. _Prep._ (Chrestien.) Colocynth pulp (in very fine powder), 1 part; lard, 8 parts. Used in frictions on the abdomen as a hydragogue purgative, in mania, dropsy, &c.

=Ointment of Corrosive Sub′limate.= _Syn._ OINTMENT OF CHLORIDE OF MERCURY; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._ 1. From corrosive sublimate, 2 to 5 gr.; rub it to powder in a glass or wedgwood-ware mortar; add of rectified spirit, 6 or 7 drops, or q. s.; again triturate; lastly add, gradually, of spermaceti ointment (reduced to a cream-like state by heat), 1 oz., and continue the trituration until the whole concretes. Used as a stimulant, detergent, and discutient application in various local affections; in lepra, porrigo, acne, &c., and as a dressing to syphilitic and some other ulcers.

2. (Ph. Chirur.) Corrosive sublimate, 10 gr.; yolk of 1 egg; lard, 1 oz. As a dressing.

3. (POMMADE DE CIRILLO——P. Cod.) Corrosive sublimate, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. Caustic; must not be confounded with the preceding.

=Ointment, Cosmet′ic.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM COSMETICUM, L.; POMMADE DE LA JEUNESSE, Fr. _Prep._ (Quincey.) Spermaceti, 3 dr. (better, 4-1/2 dr.); oil of almonds, 2 oz.; melt together, and, when cooled a little, stir in of nitrate of bismuth (‘white bismuth’), 1 dr.; and, lastly, of oil of rhodium, 6 drops. In itch and some other cutaneous eruptions; but chiefly as a pomade for the hair. Its frequent use is said to turn the latter black.

=Ointment of Cre′asote.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CREASOTI (B. P., Ph. L. E. D. & U. S.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Creasote, 1/2 fl. dr.; lard, 1 oz.; triturate together.

2. (Ph. E.) Lard, 3 oz.; melt it by a gentle heat; add of creasote, 1 dr., and stir the mixture until it is nearly cold.

3. (Ph. D.) Creasote, 1 fl. dr.; ointment of white wax, 7 dr.; as the last.

4. (B. P.) Creasote, 1; simple ointment, 8. Mix.

_Uses, &c._ In several skin diseases, especially ringworm; as a friction in tic-douloureux; a dressing for scalds and burns; an application to chilblains, &c.

=Ointment of Cro′ton Oil.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CROTONIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Croton oil, 15 to 30 drops; lard (softened by heat), 1 oz.; mix well. This is the usual and most useful strength to prepare the ointment. Rubefacient and counter-irritant; in rheumatism and various other diseases. When rubbed repeatedly on the skin, it produces redness and a pustular eruption. It also often affects the bowels by absorption. The only advantage it possesses over other preparations of the class is the rapidity of its action.

2. (RUBEFACIENT POMADE——Caventou.) White wax, 1 part; lard, 5 parts; melt together, and, when quite cold, mince it small, add of croton oil, 2 parts, and mix by trituration. Stronger than the last.

=Ointment of Cy′anide of Mer′cury.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI CYANIDI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Cazenave.) Cyanide of mercury, 8 gr.; lard, 1 oz.; carefully triturated together.

2. (Pereira.) Cyanide of mercury, 10 to 12 gr.; lard, 1 oz. As a dressing for scrofulous and syphilitic ulcers, &c.; as an application in psoriasis, moist tetters, and some other skin diseases, &c. Biett orders the addition of a few drops of essence of lemon.

=Ointment of Cyanide of Potas′sium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM POTASSII CYANIDI, L. _Prep._ (Cazenave.) Cyanide of potassium, 12 gr.; oil of almonds, 2 dr.; triturate, add of cold cream (dry), 2 oz., and mix by careful trituration. As an anodyne in neuralgia, rheumatism, swelled joints, &c.; also as a friction over the spine in hysteria, and over the epigastrium in gastrodynia, &c.

=Ointment of Delphin′ine.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM DELPHINIÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.) Delphinine or delphinia, 10 to 30 gr.; olive oil, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz.; mix as the last. Used as a friction in rheumatism, and the other cases in which veratrine is employed.

=Ointment, Depil′atory.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM DEPILATORIUM, L. See DEPILATORY (Cazenave’s).

=Ointment, Desic′cative.= _Syn._ DRYING OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM DESICCATIVUM, U. EXSICCANS, L. See the OINTMENTS OF CALAMINE, LEAD, ZINC, &c.

=Ointment, Deter′gent.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM DETERGENS, L. The OINTMENTS OF NITRATE OF MERCURY, NITRIC OXIDE OF MERCURY, TAR, VERDIGRIS, &c., when not too strong, come under this head.

=Ointment, Diges′tive.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM DIGESTIVUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) Venice turpentine, 2 oz.; yolks of 2 eggs; mix, and add of oil of St John’s wort, 1/2 oz.

2. (DIGESTIF ANIMÉ——P. Cod.) As the last, with an equal weight of liquid styrax.

3. (DIGESTIF MERCURIEL——P. Cod.) As No. 1, with an equal weight of mercurial ointment.

4. (UNG. D. VIRIDE——Dr Kirkland.) Beeswax, gum elemi, and yellow resin, of each 1 oz.; green oil, 6 oz.; melt them together, and, when considerably cooled, add of oil of turpentine 2 dr.

=Ointment, Edinburgh.= Two compounds are known under this name:——1. (BROWN.) From black basilicon, 6 parts; milk of sulphur, 2 parts; sal ammoniac, 1 part.

2. (WHITE.) From white hellebore, 3 oz.; sal ammoniac, 2 oz.; lard, 1 lb. Both are used in itch.

=Ointment of Eggs.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM OVORUM, L. _Prep._ 1. Yolk of 1 egg; honey and fresh linseed oil, of each 1 oz.; balsam of Peru, 1/2 dr.; mix well.

2. (Soubeiran.) Beeswax, 4 dr.; oil of almonds, 1-1/2 oz.; yolk of 1 egg. As an emollient and soothing dressing to excoriations, irritable ulcers, &c.

=Ointment, Egyp′tian.= _Prep._ (Giordano.) Burnt alum, 1 part; verdigris, 10 parts; strong vinegar, 14 parts; purified honey (thick), 32 parts; mix by heat and agitation. As a detergent application to foul ulcers. It is a modification of the ‘UNGUENTUM ÆGYPTIACUM’ of old pharmacy.

=Ointment of Elder-flowers.= _Syn._ WHITE ELDER-OINTMENT; UNGUENTUM SAMBUCI FLORUM, U. SAMBUCI (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Elder flowers and lard, of each 1 lb.; boil them together until the flowers become crisp, then strain, with pressure, through a linen cloth. The same precautions must be observed as are necessary in the preparation of the medicated oils, by infusion. Emollient; less white and odorous than the following:——

2. (Wholesale.) Take of lard (hard, white, and sweet), 25 lbs.; prepared mutton suet, 5 lbs.; melt them in a well-tinned copper or earthen vessel, add of elder-flower water 3 galls., agitate briskly for about 1/2 an hour, and set it aside; the next day gently pour off the water, remelt the ointment, and add of benzoic acid, 5 dr.; otto of roses, 20 drops; oil of bergamot and oil of rosemary, of each 1 dr.; again agitate well, let it settle for 10 minutes, and then pour off the clear portion into pots for sale. Very agreeable, and keeps well.

_Obs._ The last formula is the one now generally adopted by the large wholesale houses.

=Ointment of Elder-leaf.= _Syn._ ELDER OINTMENT, GREEN E. O.; UNGUENTUM VIRIDE, U. SAMBUCI VIRIDE, U. SAMBUCI (Ph. D. 1826), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. D. 1826.) Fresh elder leaves (bruised), 3 lbs.; suet, 4 lbs.; lard, 2 lbs.; boil together, as above.

2. (Wholesale.) Good fresh lard, 1 cwt.; fresh elder leaves, 56 lbs.; boil till crisp, strain off the oil, put it over a slow fire, add hard prepared mutton suet, 14 lbs., and gently stir it until it acquires a bright green colour.

_Obs._ The above ointment is reputed to be emollient and cooling, and has always been a great favourite with the common people. Both elder-flower and elder-leaf ointment are, however, unnecessary preparations. “They are vestiges of the redundant practice of former times.” (A. T. Thomson.) The above formulæ are those now almost exclusively employed in trade. The ointment should be allowed to cool very slowly, and after its temperature has fallen a little, and it begins to thicken, it should not be stirred, in order that it may ‘grain’ well, as a granular appearance is much admired. It is a common practice to add powdered verdigris to deepen the colour, but then the ointment does not keep well. This dangerous fraud may be detected in the manner noticed under CERATE, SAVINE.

=Ointment of Elecampane.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM INULÆ. _Prep._ Fresh elecampane root (boiled till soft and pulped), 1-1/2 oz.; lard, 1 oz. Mix.

=Ointment of El′emi.= _Syn._ BALSAM OF ARCÆUS†, UNGUENTUM ELEMI (B. P., Ph. L. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Elemi, 3 oz.; suet, 6 oz.; melt them together, remove the vessel from the fire, and stir in of common turpentine, 2-1/2 oz.; olive oil, 1/2 fl. oz.; lastly, strain the whole through a linen cloth.

2. (Ph. D.) Resin of elemi, 4 oz.; ointment of white wax, 1 lb; melt them together, strain through flannel, and stir the mixture constantly until it concretes.

3. (B. P.) Elemi, 1; simple ointment, 4; melt and strain.

_Uses, &c._ Stimulant and digestive. It is frequently employed to keep open issues and setons, and as a dressing for old and ill-conditioned sores. The ‘UNG. ELEMI CUM ÆRURINE’ of St George’s Hospital is made by adding 1 dr. of finely powdered verdigris to every 6 oz. of the ointment.

=Ointment of Emetina.= (Dr Turnbull.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM EMETINÆ. _Prep._ Emetine, 15 gr.; rectified spirit, q. s.; lard, 1/2 oz. Used as a rubefacient.

=Ointment Escharot′ic.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ESCHAROTICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (Sir B. Brodie.) Corrosive sublimate, 1 dr.; nitric oxide of mercury, sulphate of copper, and verdigris, of each 2 dr. (all in very fine powder); lard, q. s. See OINTMENT, and CERATE, ARSENICAL.

=Ointment of Euphorbium.= (Dr Neligan.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM EUPHORBII. _Prep._ Powdered euphorbium, 25 to 30 gr.; lard, 1 oz.; mix. To keep up a discharge from issues.

=Ointment of Glycerin.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM GLYCERINI. _Prep._ Glycerin, 4 fl. oz.; oil of almonds, 8 fl. oz.; wax and spermaceti, of each 1/2 oz.

=Ointment, Eye.= _Syn._ EYE SALVE; UNGUENTUM OPHTHALMICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Collier.) Burnt alum, 1/2 dr.; powdered opium, 20 gr.; olive oil, 1 fl. dr.; spermaceti ointment, 2 dr. In inflammation of the eyelids, purulent ophthalmia, &c.

2. (W. Cooley.) Chloride of barium, 6 gr.; calomel, 10 gr.; simple ointment, 1 oz.; otto of roses, 1 or 2 drops. In scrofulous ophthalmia.

3. (Dessault.) Nitric oxide of mercury, carbonate of zinc, acetate of lead, and dried alum, of each 1 dr.; corrosive sublimate, 10 gr.; rose ointment, 1 oz. In chronic ophthalmia, profuse discharges, &c.; in general, diluted.

4. (Dupuytren.) Red oxide of mercury, 10 gr.; sulphate of zinc, 20 gr.; lard, 2 oz. For chronic inflammation of the eyelids, chronic ulcers, &c.

5. (Fricke). Nitrate of silver, 10 gr.; zinc ointment, 2 dr.; balsam of Peru, 1/2 dr. In ulceration of the cornea, and in acute, purulent, and chronic ophthalmia, &c., employing great caution in its use.

6. (Guthrie.) Spermaceti ointment, 1 dr.; solution of diacetate of lead, 15 drops; nitrate of silver, 2 to 10 gr. As the last, and in cases wherein a direct caustic action is desired. The stronger ointment often occasions intense pain.

7. (Hufeland.) Black oxide of mercury, 2 gr.; spermaceti cerate and walnut oil, of each 1 dr. In chronic affections of the eyes or eyelids, particularly in those of a syphilitic character.

8. (Janin.) Ammonio-chloride of mercury, 1 dr.; tutty and bole, of each 2 dr.; lard, 1 oz. In debility of the conjunctiva, in chronic inflammation with excessive secretion, &c.

9. (Marshall.) See CERATE (Marshall’s).

10. (Parker.) Iodine, 1 gr.; iodide of potassium, 5 gr.; simple ointment, 3 dr. In scrofulous ophthalmia, thickening of the conjunctiva, opacity of the cornea, &c.

11. (Pellier.) Nitric oxide of mercury and carbonate of zinc, of each 1-1/2 dr.; tutty, 1/2 dr.; red sulphuret of mercury, 20 gr.; lard, 2 oz; balsam of Peru, 15 drops. In specks in the eye arising from small ulcers which have healed up; in excessive defluxions, &c.

12. (Ratier.) Liquor of diacetate of lead, 1/2 dr.; wine of opium, 1 dr.; lard, ·5 dr. In excoriations, and the variety of chronic ophthalmia popularly termed ‘blear eye.’

13. (Regent). Acetate of lead and red precipitate, of each 1 dr.; camphor, 6 gr.; washed fresh butter, 2-1/2 oz. As the last, and in chronic ulcerations.

14. (Singleton’s GOLDEN OINTMENT.) According to Dr Paris, this compound consists of lard medicated with orpiment (native yellow sulphuret of arsenic). There appears, however, to be some mistake in this, as that sold us under the name had nearly the same composition as the OINTMENT OF NITRIC OXIDE OF MERCURY of the Pharmacopœia. It did not contain even a trace of either arsenic or sulphur. The action of this nostrum, and the reputation which it has acquired, fully justify this conclusion.

15. (Smellome.) From verdigris (levigated), 1/2 dr.; olive oil, 1 fl. dr.; triturate together; add of yellow basilicon, 1 oz, and again triturate until it begins to concrete. A popular nostrum, sometimes useful in chronic inflammation and ulcerations of the eyelids, &c., especially in those of a scrofulous character.

16. (Spielmann.) Acetate of lead, 20 gr.; spermaceti cerate, 5 dr.; compound tincture of benzoin, 40 gr. Cooling; desiccative. In inflamed eyelids, excoriations, &c.

17. (St Yve.) Fresh butter (washed), 1 oz.; white wax, 1 dr.; camphor, 15 gr.; melt by a gentle heat, and, when cooled a little, add of red precipitate (levigated), 1/2 dr.; oxide of zinc, 20 gr. In chronic inflammation of the coats of the eye, or of the eyelids, specks on the cornea, &c.

18. (Thomson.) Levigated oxide of zinc, 1 dr.; lard, 9 dr.; wine of opium, 20 drops. In chronic ophthalmia depending on want of tone in the vessels and integuments of the eye.

19. (Velpeau.) Precipitated sesquioxide of iron (recent, but dry), 1/2 dr.; lard, 5 dr.; oil of almonds, 1 fl. dr.; balsam of Peru, 15 drops. As the last, especially in ‘blear eye.’

20. (Ware.) Wine of opium, 1 fl. dr.; simple ointment, 3 dr. In ophthalmia, after the inflammatory symptoms have subsided, and the vessels remain red and turgid.

_Obs._ The ingredients entering into the composition of all the above ointments must be reduced to the state of impalpable powder before mixing them; and the incorporation should be made by long trituration in a wedgwood-ware mortar, or, preferably, for those that contain substances that are very gritty, by levigation on a porphyry slab, with a muller. The most serious consequences, even blindness, have resulted from the neglect of these precautions. They should all be employed in exceedingly small quantities at a time, and they should be very carefully applied by means of a camel-hair pencil or a feather; and, in general, not until acute inflammation has subsided. The stronger ones, in most cases, require dilution with an equal weight to twice their weight of lard or simple ointment, and should only be used of their full strength under proper medical advice. Various other formulæ for OPHTHALMIC OINTMENTS will be found under the names of their leading ingredients.

=Ointment of Fig′wort.= See OINTMENT OF SCROPHULARIA.

=Ointment of Fox′glove.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM DIGITALIS, L. _Prep._ 1. From fresh foxglove as ointment of hemlock——Ph. L. As an application to chronic ulcers, glandular swellings, &c.

2. (Rademacher.) Extract of foxglove, 2 dr.; lard, 1 oz. In croup; spread on lint, and applied as a plaster to the throat.

=Ointment of Fu′ligokali.= See FULIGOKALI.

=Ointment of Galls.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM GALLÆ (B. P., Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. D.). Gall-nuts (in very fine powder), 1 dr.; ointment of white wax, 7 dr.; rub them together until a uniform mixture is obtained.

2. (B. P.) Galls, in very fine powder, 80 gr.; benzoated lard, 1 oz. Mix. An excellent application to piles, either alone or mixed with an equal quantity of zinc ointment; also highly useful in ringworm of the scalp.

=Ointment of Galls and Opium.= UNGUENTUM GALLÆ CUM OPIO (B. P.); UNGUENTUM GALLÆ OPIATUM, U. GALLÆ COMPOSITUM——Ph. L., U. GALLÆ ET OPII——(Ph. E.)——_Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Gall-nuts (very finely powdered), 6 dr.; powdered opium, 1-1/4 dr.; lard, 6 oz.; rub them together.

2. (Ph. E.) Galls, 2 dr.; opium, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz.; as the last.

3. (B. P.) Ointment of galls, 1 oz.; opium (in powder), 32 gr. Mix.

_Uses, &c._ A most valuable astringent and anodyne in blind piles, slight cases of prolapsus ani, &c. Some practitioners add 1 dr. of camphor. The ointment of the Ph. E. is much the strongest.

OINTMENT OF GALLS WITH MORPHIA. UNGUENTUM GALLÆ ET MORPHIÆ——(Dr Paris.) Morphia, 2 gr.; olive oil (hot), 2 fl. dr.; triturate, add of zinc ointment (Ph. L.), 1 oz.; powdered galls, 1 dr.; and mix thoroughly. In piles. The quantity of galls should be doubled.

=Ointment of Galls with Camphor.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM GALLÆ CUM CAMPHORÂ. _Prep._ Galls, 2 dr.; camphor, 1/2 dr.; lard, 1 oz. Mix them.

=Ointment of Garlic.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ALLII, L. _Prep._ 1. Fresh garlic (bruised), 2 parts; lard, 3 parts; simmer together for 1/2 an hour, and then strain with expression. Rubbed on the abdomen in chronic diarrhœa and colic, and over the chest and spine in hooping-cough.

2. (Beasley.) Fresh garlic and lard, equal parts; beaten together. Applied to the feet in hooping-cough.

=Ointment, Giacomini’s.= See OINTMENT, CHILBLAIN.

=Ointment of Gold.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM AURI, L.; POMMADE D’OR, Fr. _Prep._ 1. (Legrand.) Gold (in powder), 12 gr.; lard, 1 oz. As a dressing for syphilitic ulcers; and as a friction in glandular indurations, &c.; also endermically.

2. (Magendie.) Amalgam of gold, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. For endermic use, chiefly. When the surface becomes dry, the ointment of terchloride of gold is to be substituted as a dressing. In rheumatic pains, neuralgia, &c.

=Ointment, Gold′en.= See OINTMENT, EYE, CITRINE O., &c.

=Ointment, Gondret’s.= See OINTMENT, AMMONIACAL.

=Ointment, Goulard’s.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM GOULARDI, U. LITHARGYRI ACETATIS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Chirur.) Goulard’s extract, 1 dr.; simple ointment, 2 oz. See CERATE (Lead).

=Ointment, Green.= See OINTMENT, ELDER.

=Ointment of Guarana.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM GUARANÆ. _Prep._ One part of extract of guarana to eight parts of lard.

=Ointment of Hel′lebore.= _Syn._ OINTMENT OF WHITE HELLEBORE; UNGUENTUM VERATRI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1836.) White hellebore (in very fine powder), 2 oz.; lard, 8 oz.; oil of lemons, 20 drops. In itch, lepra, ringworm, &c.; and to destroy insects in the hair of children. It should be used with caution, and, preferably, diluted with an equal weight of lard.

2. (Compound; UNGUENTUM VERATRI COMPOSITUM.)——_a._ (Rayer.) White hellebore, 1 oz.; sal ammoniac, 1/2 oz.; lard, 8 oz. Used as the last.

_b._ See SULFUR OINTMENT (Compound)——Ph. L.

=Ointment of Hem′lock.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM CONII (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Fresh hemlock leaves and lard, of each 1 lb.; boil them together (very gently) until the leaves become crisp, then strain through linen, with pressure. See OILS (Medicated).

2. Extract of hemlock, 1 dr.; lard, 9 dr.; triturate together.

_Uses, &c._ As a local anodyne in neuralgic and rheumatic pains, glandular enlargements, painful piles, &c.; and as a dressing to painful and irritable ulcers, cancerous sores, &c.

=Ointment of Hen′bane.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM HYOSCYAMI, L. _Prep._ 1. Fresh henbane leaves, 1 lb.; lard, 2 lbs.; boil until nearly crisp.

2. (Taddei.) Extract of henbane, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. Anodyne; in painful piles, sores, &c., as the last.

=Ointment, Holloway’s.= See PATENT MEDICINES.

=Ointment of Hops.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM LUPULI, L. _Prep._ (Swediaur.) Hops (commercial), 2 oz.; lard, 10 oz.; as extract of hemlock, Ph. L. In painful piles and cancerous sores.

=Ointment of Hydri′odate of Ammo′′nia.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM AMMONIÆ HYDRIODATIS, L. _Prep._ From hydriodate of ammonia (iodide of ammonium), 1/2 dr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. Used chiefly as an application to scrofulous tumour and ulcers, in irritable subjects.

=Ointment of Hydrochlo′′ric Acid.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ACIDI HYDROCHLORICI, L. _Prep._ (Dr Corrigan.) Hydrochloric acid, 1 dr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. As a dressing for scald-head, after the scabs have been removed by emollient liniments or poultices.

=Ointment of Hypochlo′′rite of Lime.= _Syn._ OINTMENT OF CHLORIDE OF LIME; UNGUENTUM CALCIS HYPOCHLORITIS, U. C. CHLORINATÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From chlorinated lime (chloride of lime), 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz.; carefully triturated together. In scrofulous swellings, goitre, chilblains, indolent glandular tumours, &c.

2. Chlorinated lime, 1 dr.; powdered foxglove, 2 dr.; simple ointment, 2 oz. As an application to fetid and malignant ulcers, &c.

=Ointment of Hypochlo′′rite of Sul′phur.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS HYPOCHLORITIS, L. _Prep._ (Dr Copland.) Hypochlorite of sulphur, 1 dr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. It is generally scented with oil of almonds. Used in psoriasis inveterata, and some other skin diseases.

=Ointment of I′odide of Ar′senic.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM ARSENICI IODIDI, L. _Prep._ (Biett.) Iodide of arsenic, 2 to 3 gr.; lard, 1 oz.; carefully triturated together. In lepra, psoriasis, &c.; and in corroding tubercular diseases. It should be used with caution, and not more than 1/2 dr. applied at once.

=Ointment of Iodide of Ba′′rium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM BARII IODIDE, L. _Prep._ (Magendie.) Iodide of barium, 3 to 4 gr.; lard, 1 oz. As a friction to scrofulous swellings and indurations. The usual proportions are now 5 gr. to the oz.

=Ointment of Iodide of Iron.= (Pierquin.) _Syn._ UNGUENTUM FERRI IODIDI. _Prep._ Iodide of iron, 1 dr.; lard, 1 oz. Mix them.

=Ointment of Iodide of Lead.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM PLUMBI IODIDI (B. P., Ph. L., & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Iodide of lead, 1 oz.; lard, 8 oz.; rub them together.

2. (Ph. D.) Iodide of lead (in fine powder), 1 dr.; ointment of white wax, 7 dr.

3. (B. P.) Iodide of lead, in fine powder, 62 gr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. Mix. An excellent application to scrofulous tumours and swelled glands, especially when accompanied with pain.

=Ointment of Green Iodide of Mer′cury.= _Prep._ 1. (OINTMENT OF SUBIODIDE OF MERCURY, O. OF PROTIODIDE OF M.*; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI IODIDI——Ph. L.) _a._ (Ph. L.) White wax, 2 oz.; lard, 6 oz.; melt them together, add of iodide (green iodide) of mercury, 1 oz., and rub them well together.

2. (Magendie.) Green iodide of mercury, 23 gr.; lard, 1-1/2 oz.

_Uses, &c._ In tubercular skin diseases, as a friction in scrofulous swellings and indolent granular tumours, and as a dressing for ill-conditioned ulcers, especially those of a scrofulous character.

=Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury.= UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI IODIDI RUBRI, B. P., O. OF BINIODIDE OF M.*; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI BINIODIDI,* U. H. IODIDI RUBRI——(Ph. D.)——1. (Ph. D.) Red iodide of mercury, 1 dr.; ointment of white wax, 7 dr.; mix by careful trituration.

2. (Soubeiran.) Red iodide of mercury, 20 gr.; lard, 1-1/2 oz.

3. (B. P.) Red iodide of mercury (in very fine powder), 16 gr.; simple ointment, 1 oz. Mix.

_Uses, &c._ Similar to those of the preceding, but it is much more stimulant, and is regarded as better adapted for obstinate syphilitic sores. Largely diluted with lard or almond oil, it is applied to the eyes in like cases.

=Ointment of Iodide of Potas′sium.= _Syn._ UNGUENTUM POTASSII IODIDI (B. P., Ph. L. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Iodide of potassium, 2 dr., dissolved in boiling distilled water, 2 fl. dr.; lard (softened by heat), 2 oz.; triturate together until united.

2. (Ph. D.) Iodide of potassium, 1 dr.; distilled water, 1/2 fl. dr.; ointment of white wax, 7 dr.; as before.

3. (Magendie.) Iodide of potassium, 1 dr.; lard, 12 dr.

4. (Le Gros.) Iodide, 1-1/2 dr.; lard, 1 oz.

5. (B. P.) Iodide of potassium, 64 gr.; carbonate of potash, 4 gr.; distilled water, 1 dr.; prepared lard, 1 oz.; dissolve the carbonate and the iodide in the water, and mix thoroughly with the lard.

_Uses, &c._ As a friction in scrofula, bronchocele, glandular enlargements, indurations, &c.; as a dressing to scrofulous ulcers, as an application in scrofulous ophthalmia, and in most of the other applications in which the employment of iodine is indicated. The last formula has been successfully employed by M. Le Gros in itch.

_Obs._ The strength of this ointment, as prescribed by different parties varies greatly, the proportions of the iodide ranging from 1/32 to 1/8 of the whole, to adapt it to particular cases. When other ingredients are added, the iodide must be used in a perfectly dry state, and in fine powder, instead of being dissolved in water. This is particularly necessary when it is to be mixed with mercurial ointment.