Chapter LXV: Part 2 (26)

_Uses._ It is purgative, but being extremely bitter-tasted, is now less frequently used than formerly. Its nauseous flavour is said to be covered by lemon juice.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 oz. The dried salts (SODÆ SULPHAS EXSICCATA) is twice as strong. LYMINGTON GLAUBER’S SALT is a mixture of the sulphates of soda and potassa obtained from the mother liquor of sea salt.

=Sodium, Sul′phide of.= _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Saturate a solution of caustic soda (sp. gr. 1·200) with sulphuretted hydrogen, closely cover up the vessel, and set it aside that crystals may form; drain, press them in bibulous paper, and at once preserve them in a well-closed bottle. Used to make mineral waters, and in certain skin diseases.

Of this salt Dr Ringer says——“it possesses the property of preventing and arresting suppuration, and stopping the formation of pus. Given for boils and carbuncles; it also produces excellent results.——_Dose._ For adults, 1/10th of a grain, mixed with sugar of milk every hour or two on the tongue.

The anhydrous sulphides resemble closely and are prepared in the same manner as the potassium sulphides.

=Sodium, Sulpho-Carbolate.= _Syn._ SODÆ SULPHO-CARBOLAS. (Pareira.) _Prep._ Mix two volumes of pure carbolic acid with one volume of sulphuric acid in a flask, and heat the mixture to 280° or 290° F. for five minutes. Let cool, dilute, and saturate with carbonate of soda, evaporate, and crystallise. The other sulpho-carbolates may be prepared in the same manner.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 gr., in phthisis and zymotic diseases; externally, as a lotion in ozæna and fetid ulcers.

=Sodium, Sulpho-Salicylate of.= _Syn._ SODÆ SULPHO-SALICYLAS. Mr J. Williams obtains this salt by treating very pure salicylic acid with about twice its weight of sulphuric acid, then adding carbonate of barium, and decomposing the sulpho-salicylate of barium by sulphate of soda (see ‘Pharm. Journ.,’ Sept. 30th, 1876).

=Sodium Sulphovinate.= _Syn._ SODII SULPHOVINAS. _Prep._ Sulphovinic acid is first prepared by pouring gradually, with great care, and increasingly stirring with a glass rod, 1000 grams of 60° sulphuric acid into 1000 grams of rectified 96° alcohol. The mixture is left for some hours in contact, then diluted with 4 litres of distilled water, and afterwards saturated with pure barium carbonate.

When the saturation is complete the barium sulphate is allowed to deposit on a filter. The solution of barium sulphovinate is then decomposed with pure carbonate of soda until it ceases to give a precipitate.

The liquid, evaporated in a water bath, is left to crystallise. If necessary the crystals are purified by recrystallisation. They should be kept in well-closed flasks.

Sodium sulphovinate crystallises in hexagonal tables, which are slightly unctuous to the touch, and very soluble in water and in alcohol. If heated in a capsule they give off, at 120°, the alcohol which they contain in combination. They become gradually deprived of bitterness. Sodium sulphovinate ought not to contain sulphuric acid, nor have an acid taste. It should not be precipitated by barium chloride, and especially by soluble sulphates. The possession of either of these properties is a proof of faulty preparation, and that a portion of the sulphovinic acid has been decomposed. In such a case it should be rejected.

Sulphovinate of soda is said to be a very effective, and by no means unpleasant, saline aperient, and to be unattended with subsequent constipation. The dose is from 5 to 6 dr.

=Sodium, Tartrate of, and Potassium.= KNaC_{4}H_{4}O_{6}.4Aq. _Syn._ TARTRATE OF POTASSA AND SODA, ROCHELLE SALT, SEIGNETTE’S S., TARTARISED SODA†; SODÆ TARTARATA (B. P.), SODÆ, POTASSIO-TARTRAS (Ph. L.), SODÆ ET POTASSÆ TARTRAS (Ph. E. & D.), SODA TARTARIZATA,†, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1836.) Take of carbonate of sodium, 12 oz.; boiling water, 2 quarts; dissolve, and add, gradually, of powdered bitartrate of potassium, 16 oz. (or q. s.); strain, evaporate to a pellicle, and set it aside to crystallise; dry the resulting crystals, and evaporate the mother liquor that it may yield more of them. The formulæ of the other colleges are nearly similar.

_Prop., &c._ Large, transparent, hard, right rhombic prisms, often occurring in halves; slightly efflorescent; soluble in 5 parts of water at 60° Fahr. Its “solution neither changes the colour of litmus nor of turmeric. On the addition of sulphuric acid, bitartrate of potassium is thrown down; on adding either nitrate of silver or chloride of barium nothing is thrown down, or only what is redissolved by the addition of water.” (Ph. L.) By heat it yields a mixture of the pure carbonates of potassium and sodium.

Potassio-tartrate of sodium is a mild and cooling laxative.——_Dose_, 1/4 to 1 oz., largely diluted with water. It forms the basis of the popular aperient called SEIDLITZ POWDERS.

=Sodium, Vale′′rianate of.= NaC_{5}H_{6}O_{2}. _Syn._ SODÆ VALERIANAS (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._(Ph. D.) Dilute oil of vitriol, 6-1/2 fl. oz., with water, 1/2 pint; then dissolve of powdered bichromate of potassium, 9 oz., with the aid of heat, in water, 3-1/3 pints; when both solutions have cooled, put them into a matrass, and having added of fusel oil (alcohol amylicum——Ph. D.) 4 fl. oz., shake them together repeatedly until the temperature, which first rises to 150°, has fallen to 80° or 90° Fahr.; a condenser being connected, next apply heat so as to distil over about 4 pints of liquid; saturate this exactly with a pint, or q. s., of solution of caustic soda, separate the liquid from the oil which floats upon the surface, and evaporate it until the residual salt is partially liquefied; the heat being now withdrawn, and the salt concreted, this last, whilst still warm, is to be divided into fragments, and preserved in well-stopped bottles.

_Obs._ This salt is intended to be used in the preparation of the VALERIANATES OF IRON, QUININE, and ZINC.

=SOILS.= These are classified by agriculturists according to their chief ingredients, as loamy, clayey, sandy, chalky, and peaty soils. Of these the first is the best for most purposes, but the others may be improved by the addition of the mineral constituents of which they are deficient. Sand and lime or chalk are the proper additions to clayey soils, and clay gypsum, or loam, to sandy and gravelly ones. Clayey soils are expensive to bring into a fertile state; but when this is once effected, and they are well manured, they yield immense crops of wheat, oats, beans, clover, and most fruits and flowers of the rosaceous kinds.

The fertilisation of soils is suggested partly by chemical analysis, practical experience, and geological observations. In cases where a barren soil is examined with a view to its improvement it is, when possible, compared with an extremely fertile soil in the same neighbourhood, and in a similar situation; the difference given by their analyses indicates the nature of the manure required, and the most judicious methods of cultivation; and thus a plan of improvement is suggested, founded upon scientific principles.

The analysis of soils may be briefly and generally described as follows:——

1. The general character of the soil, as loamy, sandy, stony, rather stony, &c., being noted, 3 or 4 lbs. of it, fairly selected as an average specimen, may be taken during a period of ordinary dry weather. From this, after crushing or bruising the lumps with a piece of wood, all stones of a larger size than that of a filbert may be picked out, and their proportion to the whole quantity duly registered.

2. 1000 grains of the remainder may be next dried by the heat of boiling water, until the mass ceases to lose weight; and, afterwards, exposed to a moist atmosphere for some time. The loss of weight in the first case, and the increase of weight in the second, indicate the absorbent powers of the soil.

3. The matter from No. 2, freed from siliceous stones by garbling, may be gradually heated to dull redness in a shallow open vessel, avoiding waste from decrepitation, &c. The loss of weight, divided by 10, gives the percentage quantity of vegetable or organic matter present (nearly).

4. Another 1000 grains (see No. 1) may be next washed with successive portions of cold water as long as anything is removed. The residuum, after being dried, indicates the proportion of sand and gravel (nearly).

5. Another portion of the soil (100, 200, or more gr., according to its character) is tested in the manner described under CARBONATE and ALKALIMETRY. The loss of weight in carbonic acid indicates the quantity of CARBONATE of lime present in the sample examined; 22 gr. of the former being equal to 50 gr. of the latter.

6. Another like portion of the soil may be gently boiled for 4 or 5 hours, along with dilute hydrochloric acid, in a flask furnished with a long glass tube passing through the cork, to prevent loss (see ETHER); after that time the whole must be thrown upon a filter, and what refuses to pass through (silica) washed with distilled water, dried, ignited, and weighed.

7. The filtrate and washings from No. 6 are next successively treated for alumina (pure clay), lime, phosphate of lime, phosphoric acid, oxide of iron, alkalies (potassa or soda), ammonia (both ready formed and latent), &c. &c., in the manner noticed under GLASS, GUANO, and the names of the respective substances referred to. See AGRICULTURE, MANURES, &c.

=SOL′ANINE.= _Syn._ SOLANI, SOLANINA, L. A peculiar basic substance, obtained from the leaves and stem of _Solanum Dulcamara_ or _bitter-sweet_, and other species of the _Solanaceæ_.

=SOL′DERING.= The union of metallic surfaces by means of a more fusible metal fluxed between them. The method of autogenous soldering, invented by M. De. Richmont, is an exception to this definition. In all the cases surfaces must be perfectly clean, and in absolute contact, and the air must be excluded, to prevent oxidation. For this last purpose the brazier and silversmith use powdered borax made into a paste with water; the coppersmith, powdered sal ammoniac; and the tinman, powdered resin. Tin-foil applied between the joints of fine brass work, first wetted with a strong solution of sal ammoniac, makes an excellent juncture, care being taken to avoid too much heat. See SOLUTION (Soldering), and _below_.

=SOL′DERS.= _Prep._ 1. (For copper, iron, and dark brass.) From copper and zinc, equal parts; melted together. For pale brass more zinc must be used.

2. (Fine solder.) From tin, 2 parts; lead, 1 part. Melts at 350° Fahr. Used to tin and solder copper, tin plates, &c.

3. (For German silver.) From German silver, 5 parts; zinc, 4 parts; melted together, run into thin flakes, and then powdered. Also as No. 7.

4. (Glazier’s.) From lead, 3 parts; tin, 1 part. Melts at 500° Fahr.

5. (For gold.) Gold, 12 pennyweights; copper, 4 do.; silver, 2 do.

6. (For lead and zinc.) From lead, 2 parts; tin, 1 part.

7. (For pewter, Britannia metal, &c.) From tin, 10 parts; lead, 5 parts; bismuth, 1 to 3 parts.

8. (For silver.) From fine brass, 6 parts; silver, 5 parts; zinc, 2 parts.

9. (For tin plate.) From tin, 2 parts; lead, 1 part. The addition of bismuth, 1 part, renders it fit for pewter.

=SOLE.= The _Solea vulgaris_, a well-known fish. It is perhaps more frequently eaten than any other flat fish, and, when skilfully cooked, exceeds them all in delicacy, nutritiousness, and flavour.

=SOLU′TION.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO, L. Under the head of solutions (SOLUTIONES), in pharmacy, are properly included only those liquids which consist of water, or an aqueous menstruum, in which has been dissolved an appropriate quantity of any soluble substance to impart to the liquor its peculiar properties. When spirit is the menstruum, the liquid receives the name of alcoholic solution, spirit, or tincture. In the B. P. and the Ph. L. & D. aqueous solutions are named LIQUORS (LIQUORES), whilst in the Ph. E., and in the old pharmacopœias generally, they are termed WATERS (AQUÆ).

The following list embraces all the solutions of the British pharmacopœias, with a few others likely to be useful to the reader. Some other preparations to which the name has been given will be found under LIQUORS, TINCTURES, &c.

=Solution of Ac′etate of Ammo′′nia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR OF ACETATE OF AMMONIA, WATER OF A. OF A., MINDERERUS’ SPIRIT; AMMONIÆ ACETATIS LIQUOR (B. P.), LIQUOR AMMONIÆ ACETATIS (Ph. L. & D.), AMMONIÆ ACETATIS AQUA (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) From dilute acetic acid, 1 pint; exactly neutralised by sesquicarbonate of ammonia (in coarse powder), 9 dr., or q. s. Sp. gr. 1·022.

2. (Ph. E.) Distilled vinegar (preferably from French vinegar), sp. gr, 1·005, 24 fl. oz.; carbonate (sesquicarbonate) of ammonia, 1 oz., or q. s. Sp. gr. 1·011.

3. (Ph. D.) Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 2-1/2 oz.; dilute acetic acid, 3 pints. Sp. gr. 1·012.

4. (B. P.) Carbonate of ammonia, 3-1/4, or sufficient; acetic acid (28 per cent.), 10; distilled water, 50. Dissolve the carbonate in the acid, and add the water.

_Prop., &c._ Free from colour and odour. It changes the colour neither of litmus nor turmeric. Sulphuretted hydrogen being dropped in, it is not discoloured, neither is anything thrown down on the addition of chloride of barium. What is precipitated by nitrate of silver is soluble in water, but especially so in nitric acid. Potassa being added, it emits ammonia; and sulphuric acid being added, it gives off acetic vapours. The fluid being evaporated, what remains is completely destroyed by heat.

_Uses, &c._ Solution of acetate of ammonia is a very common and excellent febrifuge and diaphoretic, and, in large doses, aperient saline liquor. Taken warm, in bed, it generally proves a powerful sudorific; and as it operates without heat, it is much used in febrile and inflammatory disorders. Its action may likewise be determined to the kidneys, by walking about in the cold air.——_Dose_, 2 to 6 dr., twice or thrice daily, either by itself or along with other medicines. _Externally_, as a discutient and refrigerant lotion; and diluted (1 oz. to 9 oz. of water), as a collyrium in chronic ophthalmia. For this last purpose it must be free from excess of ammonia.

5. (Concentrated.) Saturate acetic acid, sp. gr. 1·038, 1/2 gall., with carbonate of ammonia (in powder), 2-1/2 lbs., or q. s.; carefully avoiding excess.

_Obs._ This article is in great demand in the wholesale drug trade, under the name of ‘concentrated liquor of acetate of ammonia’ (LIQ. AMMON. ACET. CONC.). It is very convenient for dispensing. One fl. dr. added to 7 fl. dr. of water forms the LIQUOR AMMONIÆ ACETATIS of the Ph. L.

=Solution of Acetate of Lead.= See SOLUTION OF DIACETATE OF LEAD.

=Solution of Acetate of Morphia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR MORPHIÆ ACETATIS (B. P., Ph. L., & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Acetate of morphia, 4 dr.; acetic acid, 15 drops; distilled water, 1 pint; proof spirit, 1/2 pint; mix, and dissolve. Sixty drops (minims) contain 1 gr. of acetate of morphia.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 or 20 drops.

2. (B. P.) Acetate of morphia, 4 gr.; diluted acetic acid, 8 minims; rectified spirit, 2 dr.; distilled water, 6 dr.; dissolve in the mixed liquids.——_Dose_, 10 to 60 minims.

3. (Ph. D.) Acetate of morphia, 82 gr.; rectified spirit, 5 fl. oz.; distilled water, 15 fl. oz. 120 drops (minims) contain 1 gr. of the acetate.——_Dose_, 10 to 45 or 50 drops, or similar to that of tincture of opium.

4. (Magendie.) Each fl. dr. contains 1-1/2 gr. of acetate (nearly).——_Dose_, 5 to 15 drops. Anodyne, hypnotic, and narcotic; in those cases in which opium is inadmissible. See MORPHIA.

=Solution of Aconitia.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO ACONITIÆ (Dr Turnbull). _Prep._ Aconitia, 1 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 dr. To be applied externally by means of a sponge in neuralgic and rheumatic affections.

=Solution of Al′um (Compound).= _Syn._ BATE’S ALUM WATER; LIQUOR ALUMINIS COMPOSITUS (Ph. L.), AQUA ALUMINOSA COMPOSITA †, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Alum and sulphate of zinc, of each 1 oz.; boiling water, 3 pints; dissolve, and filter (if necessary). Detergent and astringent. Used as a lotion for old ulcers, chilblains, excoriations, &c.; and, largely diluted with water, as an eye-wash and injection.

=Solution of Ammo′′nia.= See LIQUOR OF AMMONIA.

=Solution of Ammo′′nio-ni′trate of Sil′ver.= _Syn._ HUME’S TEST; SOLUTIO ARGENTI AMMONIATI (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Nitrate of silver (pure crystallised), 44 gr.; distilled water, 1 fl. oz.; dissolve and add ammonia water, gradually, until the precipitate, at first thrown down, is very nearly, but not entirely, redissolved. Used as a test for arsenic.

=Solution of Ammo′′nio-sul′phate of Cop′per.= _Syn._ LIQUOR CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHATIS (Ph. L.), CUPRI AMMONIATI SOLUTIO (Ph. E.), C. A. AQUA, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Ammonio-sulphate of copper, 1 dr.; water, 1 pint; dissolve, and filter. Stimulant and detergent. Applied to indolent ulcers, and, when largely diluted, to remove specks on the cornea; also used as a test for arsenic.

=Solution for Anatom′ical Preparations, &c.= _Syn._ ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION. _Prep._ 1. Nearly saturate water with sulphurous acid, and add a little creasote.

2. Dissolve chloride of tin, 4 parts, in water, 100 parts, to which 3% of hydrochloric acid has been added.

3. Dissolve corrosive sublimate, 1 part, and chloride of sodium, 3 parts, in water, 100 parts, to which 2% of hydrochloric acid has been added.

4. Mix liquor of ammonia (strong) with 3 times its weight (each) of water and rectified spirit.

5. Sal ammoniac, 1 part; water, 10 or 11 parts. For muscular parts of animals.

6. Sulphate of zinc, 1 part; water, 15 to 25 parts. For muscles, integuments, and cerebral masses.

7. (Dr Babington.) Wood naphtha, 1 part; water, 7 parts; or wood naphtha undiluted, as an injection.

8. (Sir W. Burnett.) Concentrated solution of chloride of zinc, 1 lb.; water, 1 gall. The substances are immersed in the solution for 2 to 4 days, and then dried in the air.

9. (Gannal.) Alum and culinary salt, of each 1/2 lb.; nitre, 1/4 lb.; water, 1 gall.

10. (Goadsby.)——_a._ From bay salt, 2 oz.; alum, 1 oz.; bichloride of mercury, 1 gr.; water, 1 pint. For ordinary purposes.

_b._ To the last add of bichloride of mercury, 1 gr.; water, 1 pint. For very tender tissues, and where there is a tendency to mouldiness.

_c._ From bay salt, 1/4 lb.; bichloride of mercury, 1 gr.; water, 1 pint. For subjects containing carbonate of lime.

_d._ From bay salt, 1/4 lb.; arsenious acid, 10 gr.; water, 1 pint; dissolve by heat. For old preparations.

_e._ To the last add of bichloride of mercury, 1 gr. As the last, when there is a tendency to the softening of parts; and, diluted, for mollusca. These solutions are approved of by Prof. Owen.

11. (M. Réboulet.) Nitre, 1 part; alum, 2 parts; chloride of lime, 4 parts; water, 16 or 20 parts; to be afterwards diluted according to circumstances. For pathological specimens. 12. (Dr Stapleton.) Alum, 2-1/4 oz.; nitre, 1 dr.; water, 1 quart. For pathological specimens.

13. (For FEATHERS——Beasley.) Strychnia, 16 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 pint.

_Obs._ These fluids are used for preserving ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS, OBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, &c., by immersing them therein, in close vessels; or, for temporary purposes, applying them by means of a brush or piece of rag. The presence of corrosive sublimate is apt to render animal substances very hard. See PUTREFACTION.

=Solution, Antiseptic.= (See _above_.)

=Solution of Arseniate of Ammonia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ARSENIATIS AMMONIÆ. (Hosp. Of St Louis.) _Prep._ Arseniate of ammonia, 4 gr.; distilled water, 4 oz.; spirit of angelica, 2 dr.——_Dose_, 12 to 30 minims. There are other formulæ for the solution, differing in strength from the above.

Dr Neligan gives us Biett’s:——Arseniate of ammonia, 1-1/2 gr.; distilled water, 3 oz.; spirit of angelica, 6 dr.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 dr.

Bouchardat says 6 gr. to 8 oz. of distilled water.——_Dose._ From 12 drops to 1 dr.

=Solution of Arseniate of Soda.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ARSENIATIS SODÆ. PEARSON’S ARSENICAL SOLUTION. _Prep._ Arseniate of soda, 4 gr.; distilled water, 4 oz.——_Dose_, 12 minims to 30.

=Solution of Arseniate of Soda.= (B. P.) _Syn._ LIQUOR SODÆ ARSENIATIS. _Prep._ Dissolve arseniate of soda (rendered anhydrous by a heat not exceeding 300° Fahr.) 4 gr. in distilled water, 1 oz.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 minims.

=Solution, Arsenical.= _Syn._ MINERAL SOLUTION; SOLUTIO ARSENICALIS, SOLUTIO MINERALIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Devergie.) As SOLUTION OF ARSENITE OF POTASSA, Ph. L., but of only 1-50th the strength, and flavoured with compound spirit of balm, and coloured to a deep rose with cochineal.

2. (Pearson.) Arseniate of soda, 4 gr.; water, 4 fl. oz.; dissolve.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops during the day. (See _below_.)

=Solution of Arse′′nious Acid.= See DROPS, AGUE, and ARSENIOUS ACID.

=Solution of Ar′senite of Potas′sa.= _Syn._ FOWLER’S MINERAL SOLUTION; LIQUOR POTASSÆ ARSENITIS. (Ph. L.), LIQUOR ARSENICALIS (B. P., Ph. E., D., & U. S.), L. _Prep._ (B. P., Ph. L., & E.) Arsenious acid, coarsely powdered, and carbonate of potassa, of each 80 gr.; distilled water, 1 pint; boil until dissolved, and add, to the cold solution, compound tincture of lavender, 5 fl. dr.; water, q. s. to make the whole exactly measure a pint. Tonic, antiperiodic, and alterative.——_Dose_, 4 or 5 drops, gradually and cautiously increased; in agues and various scaly skin diseases. It is preferably taken soon after a meal. See ARSENIOUS ACID, &c.

=Solution of Atropia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ATROPIÆ (B. P.). _Prep._ Atropia, 4 gr.: rectified spirit, 1 dr.; dissolve, and add water, 7 dr.; mix.——_Dose_, 1 minim.

=Solution of Auro-Chloride of Gold.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO AURI AMMONIO-CHLORIDI. (Furnari.) _Prep._ Ammonio-chloride of gold, 8 gr.; distilled water and rectified spirit, of each 10 oz.——_Dose._ A teaspoonful morning and evening in sugared water for dysmenorrhœa and amenorrhœa.

=Solution of Bimeconate of Morphiæ.= SOLUTIO MORPHIÆ BIMECONATIS. There is no standard formula for this preparation. It is made about the same strength as tincture of opium. The following contains 1 gr. in 84 minims:——Bimeconate of morphia, 10 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 dr.; distilled water, 13 dr.

=Solution of Bismuth and Citrate of Ammonia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR BISMUTHI ET AMMONIÆ CITRATIS (B. P.). Purified bismuth, 1; nitric acid, 2; citric acid, 2; solution of ammonia, a sufficiency; mix the nitric acid with an ounce of distilled water, and add the bismuth in successive portions. When effervescence has ceased, apply for ten minutes a heat approaching that of ebullition, and decant the solution from any insoluble matter. Evaporate the solution until it is reduced to 2, then add the citric acid previously dissolved in 4 of distilled water, and afterwards the solution of ammonia in small quantities at a time, until the precipitate formed is redissolved, and the solution is neutral or slightly alkaline to test paper; dilute with distilled water to the volume of 20.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.

=Solution of Bromine.= _Syn._ LIQUOR BROMINII. (Pourche.) _Prep._ Bromine, 1 part; distilled water, 40 parts.——_Dose_, 5 or 6 drops, 3 times a day. A stronger solution (1 part to 10) is sometimes used externally.

=Solution of Carbon (Detergent).= _Syn._ LIQUOR CARBONIS DETERGENS. This name is applied to an alcoholic solution of coal tar. Properly diluted it is used externally in skin diseases.

=Solution, Brandish’s.= See SOLUTION OF POTASSA.

=Solution, Burnett’s.= A solution of chloride of zinc. See SOLUTION FOR ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS (_above_), also DISINFECTING COMPOUNDS.

=Solution of Camphor, Carbonated.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO CAMPHORÆ CARBONICA. (Swediaur.) _Prep._ Water saturated with carbonic acid gas, 2 lbs.; powdered camphor, 3 dr.

=Solution of Camphor and Chloroform.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO CAMPHORÆ ET CHLOROFORMI. (Messrs Smith.) _Prep._ Camphor, 3 dr.; chloroform, 1 fl. dr. Dissolve. For exhibiting camphor with yolk of egg in emulsions.

=Solution of Carbolic Acid.= FOR THE TOILETTE. _Prep._ Crystallised carbolic acid, 10 parts; essence of millefleur, 1 part; tincture of Quillai Saponaria, 50; water, 1000 parts. Mix. The saponine replaces soap with advantage. The above should be employed diluted with 10 times its bulk of water, for disinfecting the skin, for washing the hands, after any risk of contagion, inoculation, &c.

=Solution of Car′bonate of Ammo′′nia.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF SESQUICARBONATE OF AMMONIA, CARBONATE OF AMMONIA WATER; LIQUOR AMMONIÆ SESQUICARBONATIS (Ph. L.), AQUA AMMONIÆ CARBONATIS (Ph. E.). _Prep._ (Ph. L. & E.) Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 4 oz.; distilled water, 1 pint; dissolve. Stimulant and antacid.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 fl. dr., in water.

=Solution of Carbonate of Magnesia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR MAGNESIÆ CARBONATIS (B. P.) _Prep._ Dissolve separately, each in 1/2 a pint of distilled water, sulphate of magnesia, 2 oz.; and carbonate of soda, 2-1/2 oz. Heat the solution of sulphate of magnesia to the boiling point, add the solution of carbonate of soda, and boil together until carbonic acid ceases to be evolved. Collect the precipitated carbonate of magnesia, and wash until what passes ceases to give a precipitate with chloride of barium. Mix the precipitate with a pint of distilled water, and in a suitable apparatus, charge with pure washed carbonic acid gas. Retain excess of carbonic acid under pressure for 24 hours. Filter to remove undissolved carbonate, and again pass carbonic acid into the solution. Keep in a bottle securely closed. (This contains about 13 gr. of carbonate of magnesia in each fluid ounce.)

=Solution of Carbonate of Potas′sa.= _Syn._ OIL OF TARTAR†, WATER OF SUBCARBONATE OF POTASH†; LIQUOR POTASSÆ CARBONATIS (Ph. L. & D.), L. P. SUBCARBONATIS†, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Carbonate of potassa, 20 oz. (10 oz.——Ph. D.); water, 1 pint; dissolve and filter (or decant). Sp. gr.——Ph. L., 1·473; Ph. D., 1·310.——_Dose_, 10 drops to 1 dr., as an antacid, &c.

=Solution of Carbonate of So′da.= _Syn._ SUBCARBONATE OF SODA WATER†; SODÆ CARBONATIS LIQUOR (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. D.) Carbonate of soda (in crystals), 1-1/2 oz.; distilled water, 1 pint. Sp. gr. 1·026.——_Dose_, 1/4 to 1-1/2 fl. oz., as an antacid; in heartburn, dyspepsia, &c.

=Solution of Chloride of Antimony.= _Syn._ ANTIMONII CHLORIDI LIQUOR (B. P.). _Prep._ Dissolve black sulphide of antimony in boiling hydrochloric acid. Used as an escharotic, and in the preparation of oxide of antimony.

=Solution of Chlo′′ride of Ar′senic.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ARSENICI HYDROCHLORICUS (B. P.), LIQUOR ARSENICI CHLORIDI (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Arsenious acid (in coarse powder), 1/2 dr.; hydrochloric acid, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; distilled water, 1 fl. oz.; boil until the solution of the arsenious acid is complete, and, when cold, add enough distilled water to make the whole exactly measure a pint.——_Dose_, 4 to 5 drops.

2. (B. P.) Arsenious acid, 80 gr.; hydrochloric acid, 2 dr.; distilled water, 20 oz.; boil the two acids with 4 oz. of the water until a solution is effected, then add sufficient distilled water to make up 20 oz.——_Dose_, 2 to 8 minims.

=Solution of Chloride of Ba′′rium.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF BARYTA†; LIQUOR BARII CHLORIDI (Ph. L. & D.), SOLUTIO BARYTÆ MURIATIS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. & E.) Dissolve chloride of barium, 1 dr. (1 oz.——Ph. D.), in water, 1 fl. oz. (8 oz. Ph. D.), and filter the solution. Sp. gr. (Ph. D.) 1·088.——_Dose_, 5 drops, gradually increased to 10 or 12, twice or thrice daily; in scrofula, scirrhous affections, and worms; _externally_, largely diluted, as a lotion in scrofulous ophthalmia.

=Solution of Chloride of Cal′cium.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF LIME†; CALCII CHLORIDI LIQUOR (Ph. D.), CALCIS MURIATIS SOLUTIO (Ph. E.). _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1836.) Fused chloride of calcium, 4 oz. (crystals, 8 oz.——Ph. E.); water, 12 fl. oz.; dissolve, and filter.

2. (Ph. D.) Fused chloride of calcium, 3 oz.; water, 12 oz. Sp. gr. 1·225.——_Dose_, 10 drops to 1 dr., or more; in scrofulous and glandular diseases, &c.

=Solution of Chloride of Zinc.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ZINCI CHLORIDI (B. P.). _Prep._ Granulated zinc, 8; hydrochloric acid, 22; solution of chlorine, q. s.; carbonate of zinc, 1/4; distilled water, 10. Mix the acid and water in a porcelain dish, add the zinc, and apply a gentle heat to promote the action until gas is no longer evolved; boil for half an hour, supplying the water lost by evaporation, and allow the product to cool. Filter it into a bottle, and add solution of chlorine by degrees, with frequent agitation until a brown sediment appears. Filter the liquid into a porcelain basin, and evaporate until it is reduced to the bulk of 20.

=Solution of Chlo′′rinated Lime.= _Syn._ BLEACHING LIQUID, SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF LIME‡, S. OF HYPOCHLORITE OF LIME; SOLUTIO CALCIS HYPOCHLORIS, S. CALCIS CHLORIDI, CALCIS CHLORINATÆ LIQUOR (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. D.) Chlorinated lime (‘chloride of lime’), 1/2 lb.; water, 1/2 gall.; triturate them together, then transfer the mixture to a stoppered bottle, and shake it repeatedly for the space of 3 hours; lastly, filter through calico, and preserve it in a well-stopped bottle.

2. Chloride of lime (dry and good, and rubbed to fine powder), 9 lbs.; tepid water, 6 galls.; mix in a stoneware bottle capable of holding 8 galls., agitate frequently for a day or two, and, after 2 or 3 days’ repose, decant the clear portion, and keep it in well-corked bottles, in a cool situation. If filtered, it should be done as rapidly as possible, and only through coarsely powdered glass in a covered vessel.

3. LIQUOR CALCIS CHLORATÆ (B. P.). _Prep._ Blend well together, by trituration in a large mortar, 1 lb. of chlorinated lime with 1 gall. of water, transfer the mixture to a stoppered bottle, and shake it frequently for the space of 3 hours; pour it on a calico filter, and let the solution which passes through be kept in a well-stoppered bottle. Sp. gr. 1·035.

_Obs._ The last is the usual strength sold in trade, under various attractive names, to give it importance. It is used as a disinfectant, bleacher, and fumigation; and, diluted with water, as a lotion, injection, or collyrium, in several diseases. See HYPOCHLORITE OF CALCIUM.

=Solution of Chlorinated lime, Spirituous.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO CALCIS CHLORIDI, SPIRITUOSA. (Chevallier). _Prep._ Chloride of lime, 3 dr.; distilled water, 2 oz.; rectified spirit, 2 oz. Mix and filter.

=Solution of Chlorinated Potas′sa.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF POTASH‡, S. OF HYPOCHLORITE OF POTASSA, JAVELLE’S BLEACHING LIQUID; SOLUTIO POTASSÆ HYPOCHLORIS, LIQUOR POTASSÆ CHLORIDI, L. POTASSÆ CHLORINATÆ, L.; EAU DE JAVELLE, Fr. _Prep._ 1. Dissolve carbonate of potassa, 1 part, in water, 10 parts, and pass chlorine gas through the solution to saturation.

2. Chloride of lime (dry and good), 1 part; water, 15 parts: agitate them together for an hour; next dissolve of carbonate of potassa, 2 oz., in water, 1/4 pint; mix the two solutions, and after a time either decant or filter.——_Uses, &c._ As the last.

=Solution of Chlorinated Soda.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF SODA‡, S. OF HYPOCHLORITE OF SODA, LABARRAQUE’S DISINFECTING LIQUID; SOLUTIO SODÆ HYPOCHLORIS, HYPOCHLORIS SODICUS AQUA SOLUTUS (P. Cod.), LIQUOR SODÆ CHLORINATÆ (Ph. L. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.), Carbonate of soda (in crystals), 1 lb.; water, 1 quart; dissolve, and pass through the solution the chlorine evolved from a mixture of common salt, 4 oz.; binoxide of manganese, 3 oz.; sulphuric acid, 2-1/2 fl. oz. (4 oz.——Ph. L. 1836); diluted with water, 3 fl. oz.; placed in a retort, heat being applied to promote the action, and the gas being purified by passing through 5 fl. oz. of water before it enters the alkaline solution.

2. (Ph. D.) Chlorinated lime, 1/2 lb., and water, 3 pints, are triturated together in a marble mortar, after which the mixture is transferred to a stoppered bottle, agitated frequently during three hours, and then filtered through calico; in the mean time carbonate of soda (cryst.), 7 oz., is dissolved in water, 1 pint; the two solutions are next mixed, and, after agitation for about 10 minutes, the whole is filtered as before. The filtrate is to be preserved in a well-stopped bottle.

3. (B. P.) Dissolve 12 oz. of carbonate of soda in 36 oz. of distilled water, and put the solution into a glass vessel. Mix black oxide of manganese, 4 oz., and hydrochloric acid, 15 fl. oz., in a glass flask, with a bent tube attached by means of a cork to its mouth, apply a gentle heat, and with a suitable arrangement cause the gas evolved to pass first through a wash-bottle containing 4 oz. of water, and then into the solution of carbonate of soda, regulating heat so that the gas shall be slowly but constantly introduced. When the disengagement of chlorine has ceased, transfer the solution which has absorbed it to a stoppered bottle, and keep in a cool and dark place. Sp. gr. 1·103.

_Obs._ This solution is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and bleaching liquid.——_Dose_, 20 to 30 drops, in any bland fluid, in scarlet fever, sore throat, &c.; it is also made into a lotion, gargle, injection, and eye-water. Meat in a nearly putrid state, unfit for food, is immediately restored by washing or immersion in this liquid.

=Solution of Chlo′′rine.= _Syn._ CHLORINE WATER; SOLUTIO CHLORINII, LIQUOR CHLORINI (Ph. L. & D.), CHLORINEI AQUA (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) On binoxide of manganese (in powder), 2 dr., placed in a retort, pour hydrochloric acid, 1 fl. oz., and pass the chlorine in distilled water, 1/2 pint, until it ceases to be evolved.

2. (Ph. E.) Muriate of soda (common salt), 60 gr.; red oxide of lead, 350 gr.; triturate them together, and put them into 8 fl. oz. of distilled water, contained in a stoppered bottle; then add of sulphuric acid, 2 fl. dr.; and having replaced the stopper, agitate the whole, occasionally, until the oxide of lead turns white; lastly, after subsidence, pour off the clear liquid into another stoppered bottle.

3. (Ph. D.) Introduce into a gas bottle peroxide of manganese (in fine powder), 1/2 oz.; add of hydrochloric acid, 3 fl. oz., (diluted with) water, 2 fl. oz.; apply a gentle heat, and cause the evolved gas to pass through water, 2 fl. oz., and then into a 3-pint bottle containing distilled water, 20 fl. oz., and whose mouth is loosely plugged with tow; when the air has been entirely displaced by the chlorine, cork the bottle loosely, and shake it until the chlorine is absorbed; it should now be transferred to a pint stoppered bottle, and preserved in a dark and cool place.

(B. P.) LIQUOR CHLORI. _Prep._ Put 1 oz. of black oxide of manganese, in fine powder, into a gas bottle, and having poured upon it 6 fl. oz. of hydrochloric acid, diluted with 2 oz. of distilled water, apply a gentle heat, and by suitable tubes cause the gas, as it is developed, to pass through 2 oz. of distilled water placed in an intermediate small phial, and thence to the bottom of a 3-pint bottle containing 30 oz. of distilled water, the mouth of which is loosely plugged with tow. As soon as the chlorine ceases to be developed, let the bottle be disconnected from the apparatus in which the gas has been generated, corked loosely, and shaken until the chlorine is absorbed. Lastly, introduce the solution into a green bottle furnished with a well-fitting stopper, and keep it in a cool and dark place. Sp. gr. 1·003. One fluid ounce contains 2·66 grains of chlorine.

_Prop., &c._ Irritant and acrid, but, when largely diluted, stimulant and antiseptic.——_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr., in 1/2 pint of water, sweetened with a little sugar, in divided doses, during the day; in scarlatina, malignant sore throat, &c. On the large scale, liquid chlorine may be procured by passing the gas obtained by any of the methods named under CHLORINE into water, until it will absorb no more.

=Solution of Cit′rate of Ammo′′nia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR AMMONIÆ CITRATIS (B. P., Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Dissolve citric acid, 3 oz., in distilled water, 1 pint; and to the solution add of sesquicarbonate of ammonia (in powder), 2-1/2 oz., or q. s. to exactly neutralise the liquor.——_Dose_, 2 to 6 fl. dr.

=Solution of Citrate of Magne′sia.= _Syn._ SOLUTION MAGNESIÆ CITRATIS. See MAGNESIUM, CITRATE OF.

(B. P.) Carbonate of magnesia, 100 gr.; citric acid, 200 gr.; syrup of lemons, 1/2 fl. oz.; bicarbonate of potash in crystals, 40 gr.; water, q. s. Dissolve the citric acid in 2 oz. of the water, and having added the carbonate of magnesia, stir until it is dissolved. Filter the solution into a strong half-pint bottle, add the syrup and water sufficient to nearly fill the bottle, then introduce the bicarbonate of potash, and immediately close the bottle with a cork, which should be secured with string or wire, afterwards shake till the bicarbonate has dissolved.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 fl. oz.

=Solution of Citrate of Morphia.= _Syn._ LIQUOR MORPHIÆ CITRATIS, SOLUTIO M. C., L. _Prep._ (Magendie.) Pure morphia, 13 gr.; citric acid, 8 or 10 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.; tincture of cochineal, 2 fl. dr.——_Dose_, 3 to 12 drops.

=Solution of Citrate of Potash.= _Syn._ LIQUOR POTASSÆ CITRATIS. NEUTRAL MIXTURE. (Ph. U. S.) _Prep._ Citric acid, 1/2 troy oz.; bicarbonate of potash, 330 gr.; water, 8 oz.

=Solution of Copai′ba.= See SOLUTION, SPECIFIC.

=Solution of Cor′rosive Sub′limate.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF MERCURY; LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI BICHLORIDI† (Ph. L.). _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Corrosive sublimate and sal ammoniac, of each 10 gr.; water, 1 pint, dissolve.——_Dose._ As an alterative, 10 to 30 drops; as an antisyphilitic, 1/2 to 2 fl. dr., in simple or sweetened water. It must not be allowed to touch anything metallic. It also forms a most useful lotion in various skin diseases.

2. See LOTION, MERCURIAL.

=Solution of Cyanide of Potassium.= _Syn._ LIQUOR POTASSII CYANIDI. (Laming.) _Prep._ Cyanide of potassium, 22 gr.; proof spirit, 9 fl. dr. This is the strength of his hydrocyanic acid, which contains 1 gr. of real acid in 1 fl. dr. Magendie’s medicinal hydrocyanate of potash consists of cyanide of potassium dissolved in 8 times its weight of distilled water.

=Solution of Delphinia.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO DELPHINIÆ. (Dr Turnbull.) Delphinia, 1 scruple; rectified spirit, 2 oz. For outward use.

=Solution of Diac′etate of Lead.= See SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD.

=Solution, Donovan’s.= See SOLUTION OF HYDRIODATE OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY (_below_).

=Solution, Escharotic (Freyburg’s).= _Syn._ SOLUTIO ESCHAROTICA, L. _Prep._ From camphor, 30 gr.; corrosive sublimate, 60 to 100 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 fl. oz.; dissolve. In syphilitic vegetations, and specially condylomes. It is spread over the diseased surface, either at once or after the application of a ligature.

=Solution of Flints.= _Syn._ LIQUOR OF FLINTS; LIQUAMEN SILICUM, LIQUOR POTASSÆ SILICATIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Soluble glass dissolved in water.

2. (Bate.) Powdered quartz, 1 part; dry carbonate of potash, 2 parts (3 parts——Turner); triturate them together, fuse the mixture in a Hessian crucible, and allow the resulting glass to deliquesce by exposure in a damp situation.——_Dose_, 5 or 6 to 30 drops; in gouty concretions, stone, &c. “It resolves the stone, and opens obstructions.” See SOLUBLE GLASS.

=Solution, Gannal’s.= { See SOLUTION FOR
=Solution, Goadsby’s.= { ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS.

=Solution, Goulard’s.= See SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD.

=Solution, Hahnemann’s Prophylac′tic.= _Syn._ LIQUOR BELLADONNÆ, SOLUTIO PROPHYLACTICA, L. _Prep._ From extract of belladonna (alcoholic), 3 gr.; distilled water, 6 fl. dr.; rectified spirit, 2 fl. dr.; dissolve. Used against scarlet fever.——_Dose_, 2 or 3 drops for a child under 12 months; and an additional drop for every year above that age to maturity.

=Solution of Hartshorn, Succinated.= _Syn._ LIQUOR CORNU CERVI SUCCINATUS. (P. Cod.) Neutralise true spirits of hartshorn (or a solution of 1 oz. of salt of hartshorn in 1 oz. of water) with acid of amber.

=Solution of Hydri′odate of Ar′senic and Mer′cury.= _Syn._ DONOVAN’S SOLUTION; SOLUTIO ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI IODIDI, ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI HYDRIODATIS LIQUOR. (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Donovan.) Triturate metallic arsenic, 6·08 gr., mercury, 15·38 gr., and iodine, 50 gr., with alcohol, 1 fl. dr., until dry; to this add, gradually, of distilled water, 8 fl. oz., and again well triturate; next put the whole into a flask, add of hydriodic acid, 1/2 fl. dr., and boil for a few minutes; lastly, when cold, add distilled water, q. s. to make the whole measure exactly 8 fl. oz.

2. (Ph. D.) Pure arsenic (in fine powder), 6 gr.; pure mercury, 16 gr.; pure incline, 50-1/2 gr.; alcohol, 1/2 fl. dr.; triturate as before, add, gradually, of water, 8 fl. oz., heat the mixture until it begins to boil, and, afterwards, make up the cold and filtered solution to exactly 8 fl. oz. 6 fl. dr.

3. (Wholesale.) From metallic arsenic, 61 gr.; iodine, 500 gr.; mercury, 154 gr.; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; distilled water, 2 quarts; hydriodic acid, 5 fl. dr.; as No. 1; the product being made up with distilled water so as to measure exactly 4 pints, or 80 fl. oz., or to weigh 5 lbs. 1-1/4 oz. (av.), when cold.

_Obs._ Great care must be taken that the whole of the arsenic be dissolved, which can only be effected by the most careful trituration. Soubeiran recommends the employment of 1 part, each, of the respective iodides, with 98 parts of water, as furnishing a simpler and equally effective product, proportions which are almost exactly those employed by Mr Donovan.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops, twice or thrice a day, preferable soon after a meal; in lepra, psoriasis, lupus, and several other scaly skin diseases. It is a most valuable medicine in these affections.

=Solution of Hydrochlo′′rate of Mor′phia.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF MORPHIA; LIQUOR MORPHIÆ HYDROCHLORATIS (Ph. L.), SOLUTIO MORPHIÆ MURIATIS (Ph. E.), MORPHIÆ MURIATIS LIQUOR (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Hydrochlorate of morphia, 4 dr.; proof spirit, 1/2 pint; distilled water, 1 pint; dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat. 60 drops (minims) of this solution contain 1 gr. of hydrochlorate of morphia.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 or 20 drops.

2. (Ph. E. & D.) Muriate of morphia, 90 gr.; rectified spirit, 5 fl. oz.; distilled water, 15 fl. oz. 107 drops (minims) contain 1 gr. of the hydrochlorate.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 or 40 drops, or nearly as laudanum.

3. (Apothecaries’ Hall.) Muriate of morphia, 16 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 fl. dr.; water, 1 fl. oz.; 30 drops (minims) contain 1 gr.——_Dose_, 3 to 10 drops. See SOLUTION OF ACETATE OF MORPHIA, &c.

=Solution of Hypochlo′′rite of Lime.= Solution of chlorinated lime.

=Solution of I′odide of Ar′senic.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ARSENICI PERIODIDI, L. _Prep._ (Wackenroder.) Each drachm contains 1/8 gr. of teriodide of arsenic; equivalent to 1/48 gr. of metallic arsenic, and 1/10 gr. (nearly) of iodine.

=Solution of Iodide of Mer′cury and Potas′sium.= _Syn._ LIQUOR IODOHYDRARGYRATIS POTASSII IODIDI, L. _Prep._ (Dr Channing.) Iodide of potassium, 3-1/2 gr.; binoxide of mercury, 41/2 gr.; distilled water, 1 fl. oz.; dissolve.——_Dose_, 2 to 5 or 6 drops, three times a day, much diluted; in dyspepsia, indurations, enlargement of the spleen, dropsy, &c.

=Solution of Iodide of Potas′sium (Compound).= _Syn._ IODURETTED WATER, COMPOUND SOLUTION OF IODINE; LIQUOR POTASSII IODIDI COMPOSITUS (Ph. L. & D.), LIQUOR IODINEI COMPOSITUS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. & D.) Iodide of potassium, 10 gr.; iodine, 5 gr.; water, 1 pint; dissolve.——_Dose_, 1 to 6 dr.; in the usual cases where iodine is employed.

2. (Ph. E.) Iodide of potassium, 1 oz.; iodine, 2 dr.; water, 16 fl. oz. This is 30 times as strong as the preceding.——_Dose_, 5 to 20 drops.

=Solutions of Iodine.= _Syn._ LIQUOR IODI (B. P.). _Prep._ Dissolve 20 gr. of iodine and 30 gr. of iodide of potassium in 1 oz. of distilled water. (Lugol’s.) _Syn._ SOLUTIONES IODINII VEL IODURETÆ. _Prep._ Ioduretted waters, Nos. 1, 2, and 3; iodine, 1-1/2 gr., 2 gr., and 2-1/2 gr.; water, 1 pint. _Drops._——Iodine, 1 scruple; iodide of potassium, 2 scruples; water, 9 dr. _Lotions, &c._——Iodine, 1-1/2 gr. to 3 gr.; iodide of potassium, 3 gr. to 6 gr.; water, 1 pint. _Rubefacient._——Iodine, 1 pint; iodide of potassium, 2 parts; water, 12 parts. _Caustic._——Iodine, 1 part; iodide of potassium, 1 part; water, 2 parts.

=Solution of Iodide of Iron.= _Syn._ LIQUOR FERRI IODIDI. (Ph. U. S.). _Prep._ Mix 2 oz. (troy) of iodine with 5 oz. of water, and add 1 oz. (troy) of iron filings, stir frequently, and heat the mixture gently till it assumes a greenish colour; then filter into a glass bottle containing 12 oz. of powdered sugar, and after it has passed, pour distilled water on the filter, until the filtered liquor, including the sugar, measures 20 oz., last shake the bottle till the sugar is dissolved.——_Dose_, 15 minims to 1 dr.

=Solution of Iodine with Hemlock.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO IODINII CUM CONIO. Dr SCUDAMORE’S SOLUTION. For inhaling. Iodine, 6 gr.; iodide of potassium, 6 gr.; rectified spirit, 2 dr.; water, 5 oz. 6 dr. From 1/2 dr. to 5 dr. of this solution, with 1/2 dr. of tincture of hemlock to be added to warm water at 120° F. in a glass inhaler, and used twice a day. Two thirds of the ingredients are first put into the inhaler, and the rest added when half the time for inhaling has elapsed.

=Solution of I′ron (Alkaline).= _Syn._ LIQUOR FERRI ALKALINI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1824.) Iron filings, 2-1/2 dr.; nitric acid, 2 fl. oz.; water, 6 fl. oz.; dissolve, decant, gradually add of solution of carbonate of potash 6 fl. oz., and in 6 hours decant the clear portion. This was intended as an imitation of Stahl’s Tinctura Martis Alkalina. It is tonic, emmenagogue, &c.——_Dose_, 20 to 60 drops.

=Solution of Iron and Alum.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO FERRI ALUMINOSA. (Swediaur.) Calcined sulphate of iron, 10 scruples; alum, 5 scruples; water sufficient to dissolve them; sulphuric acid, 15 drops.——_Dose_, 10 to 15 drops. Once a celebrated nostrum in Germany, under the name of _Tinctura nervosa_.

=Solution, Javelle’s.= See SOLUTION OF CHLORINATED POTASH.

=Solution, Labarraque’s.= See SOLUTION OF CHLORINATED SODA.

=Solution of Lime.= _Syn._ LIME WATER; SOLUTIO CALCIS HYDRATIS, LIQUOR CALCIS (Ph. L. & D.), AQUA CALCIS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Upon the lime, 1/2 lb., first slaked (by sprinkling it) with a little of the water, pour the remainder of water, 12 pints, and shake them well together (for 5 minutes——Ph. D.); immediately cover the vessel, and set it aside for three hours; then keep the solution with the remaining lime (equally divided) in stoppered glass vessels, and, when it is to be used, decant the required portion from the clear solution (replacing it with more water, and agitating briskly, as before——Ph. E.).

LIQUOR CALCIS (B. P.). _Syn._ Lime water. Put 2 oz. of slaked lime into a stoppered bottle containing 1 gall. of distilled water, and shake well for two or three minutes. After 12 hours the excess of lime will have subsided, and the clear solution may be drawn off with a siphon as it is required for use, or transferred to a green glass bottle furnished with a well-ground stopper.

_Obs._ Cold water dissolves more lime than hot water. 1 pint of water at 32° Fahr. dissolves 13-1/4 gr., at 60° it dissolves 11-1/2 gr., but at 212° only 6-1/2 gr. (Phillips.)

_Uses, &c._ Lime water is antacid, astringent, antilithic, tonic and vermifuge.——_Dose._ A wine-glassful, or more, 2 or 3 times a day, in milk or broth; in dyspepsia, diarrhœa, calculous affections, &c.; and, externally, as a detersive and discutient lotion.

=Solution of Lime (Saccharated).= (B. P.) _Syn._ LIQUOR CALCIS SACCHARATUS. _Prep._ Slaked lime, 1; refined sugar (in powder), 2; distilled water, 20; digest for some hours and strain.——_Dose_, 15 to 60 minims in milk.

=Solution of Lithia, Effervescing.= _Syn._ LIQUOR LITHIÆ EFFERVESCENS. (B. P.) _Prep._ Mix 10 gr. of carbonate of lithia and 1 pint of water in a suitable apparatus, and charge with carbonic acid gas under a pressure of 7 atmospheres. Keep in bottles securely corked.

=Solution, Mackenzie’s.= _Prep._ From nitrate of silver, 20 gr., dissolved in distilled water, 1 fl. oz. Used to wash the throat and fauces, and to sponge the trachea, in affections of those parts.

=Solution of Magne′sia.= _Syn._ AERATED MAGNESIA WATER, CARBONATED M. W., FLUID MAGNESIA, CONDENSED SOLUTION OF M., CONCENTRATED S. OF M.; LIQUOR MAGNESIÆ CARBONATIS, AQUA M. C., L.; EAU MAGNESIENNE, Fr. _Prep._ (Dinneford’s.) Water and Howard’s heavy carbonate of magnesia, in the proportion of 17-1/2 gr. of the latter to every fl. oz. of the former, are introduced into a cylindrical tinned copper vessel, and carbonic acid, generated by the action of sulphuric acid on whiting, is forced into it by steam power for 5-1/2 hours, during the whole of which time the cylinder is kept in motion. Sir J. Murray’s is similar. The Paris Codex orders recently precipitated carbonate of magnesia to be used while still moist. Antacid and laxative. See FLUID MAGNESIA.

=Solution, Min′eral.= See SOLUTION OF ARSENITE OF POTASSA.

=Solution of Mor′phia.= See SOLUTIONS OF ACETATE, HYDROCHLORATE, and SULPHATE.

=Solution of Myrrh, Alkaline.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO MYRRHÆ ALKALINA. (Swediaur.) _Prep._ Carbonate of soda, 1 dr.; myrrh, 2 oz.; boiling water, 8 oz. Digest in a water bath for 2 days, frequently stirring, and strain.

=Solution of Nitrate of Mercury (Acid).= _Syn._ LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS ACIDUS (B. P.). _Prep._ Mercury, 4; nitric acid, 5; distilled water, 1-1/2; mix the nitric acid with the water in a flask, and dissolve the mercury in the mixture without the application of heat. Boil gently for 15 minutes, cool, and preserve the solution in a stoppered bottle. Used alone, as a caustic; 1 to 2 minims to 1 oz. of water, as a gargle; and 1 minim to 2 oz. of water, as an injection in gonorrhœa.

=Solution of Nitrate of Mercury and Ammonia.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO HYDRARGYRI ET AMMONIÆ NITRATIS. WARD’S WHITE DROP. _Prep._ Nitrate of ammonia and mercury in crystals, 1 part; rose water, 3 parts; digest till dissolved.

=Solution of Nitrate of Sil′ver.= _Syn._ LIQUOR ARGENTI NITRATIS (Ph. L.), SOLUTIO A. N. (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Nitrate of silver (cryst.), 1 dr. (40 gr.——Ph. E.); distilled water, 1 fl. oz. (1600 gr.——Ph. E.); dissolve. Used as an escharotic, &c. It should be kept from the light. See LOTION, NITRATE OF SILVER, &c.

=Solution of O′pium (Sed′ative).= See LIQUOR.

=Solution of Oxysulphate of Iron‡.= _Syn._ LIQUOR FERRI OXYSULPHATIS, L. _Prep._ From sulphate of iron (in powder) and nitric acid, of each 3 dr.; triturated together for 15 minutes, and then dissolved in distilled water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.——_Dose_, 5 or 6 to 12 drops.

=Solution of Perchloride of Iron.= _Syn._ LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORIDI (B. P.). _Prep._ Stronger solution of perchloride of iron (see _below_), 1; distilled water, 3.——_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.

=Solution of Perchloride of Iron (Stronger).= _Syn._ LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORIDI FORTIOR (B. P.). _Prep._ Iron wire, 2 oz.; hydrochloric acid, 12 oz.; nitric acid, 9 dr.; distilled water, 8 gr. Mix 8 of the hydrochloric acid with the water, and pour the mixture on the iron wire, applying a gentle heat, so that the whole of the metal may be dissolved; filter the solution, and add to it the remainder of the hydrochloric and nitric acids; heat the mixture briskly, until, on the sudden evolution of red fumes, the liquid becomes of an orange-brown colour, then evaporate by the heat of a water bath until it is reduced to 10 fl. oz. Used as an application to diphtheritic patches, for injecting nævi, as a powerful styptic, and in the preparation of SOLUTION OF PERCHLORIDE OF IRON. (See _above_.)

=Solution of Perchloride of Mercury.= _Syn._ LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORIDI (B. P.). _Prep._ Corrosive sublimate, 10 gr.; chloride of ammonium, 10 gr.; distilled water, 20 oz.; dissolve.——_Dose_, 30 to 120 minims.

=Solution of Perchloride of Mercury (Compound).= _Syn._ LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI, PERCHLORIDI COMPOSITUS, LIQUOR MERCURIELLE NORMALE (Mialhe). _Prep._ Distilled water, 16 oz,; chloride of sodium, 16 gr.; chloride of ammonium, 16 gr.; white of 1 egg, perchloride of mercury, 4 gr. Beat the white of egg with the water, filter, dissolve the salts in the liquid and filter again.

=Solution of Permanganate of Potassa.= _Syn._ LIQUOR POTASSÆ PERMANGANATIS (B. P.). _Prep._ Permanganate of potassa, 4 gr.; distilled water, 1 oz.; dissolve. Diluted with 40 parts of water, it is used as a gargle or as a cleansing wash for diseased surface.——_Dose_, 2 to 4 dr.

=Solution of Perni′trate of Iron.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF PERSESQUINITRATE OF IRON; FERRI PERNITRAS LIQUOR (Ph. D.), SOLUTIO PERSESQUINITRAS FERRI (Kerr), L. _Prep._ (Ph. D.). Take of pure nitric acid, 3 fl. oz.; water, 16 fl. oz.; mix, add fine iron wire, 1 oz.; dissolve, and to the clear solution add as much water as will make the whole measure 1-1/2 pint. Sp. gr. 1·107.——_Dose_, 5 or 6 to 30 drops, or more; in passive hæmorrhages, mucous discharges, chronic diarrhœa with prostration, &c.

=Solution of Persulphate of Iron.= _Syn._ LIQUOR FERRI PERSULPHATIS. _Prep._ Sulphate of iron, 8; sulphuric acid, 3/4; nitric acid, 3/4; distilled water, 12. Add the sulphuric acid to 10 of the water, and dissolve the sulphate of iron in the mixture with the aid of heat. Mix the nitric acid with the remaining 2 of the water, and add the dilute acid to the solution of sulphate of iron. Concentrate the whole by boiling until, by the sudden evolution of ruddy vapours, the liquid ceases to be black, and acquires a red colour. A drop of the solution is now to be tested with ferricyanide of potassium, and if a blue precipitate be formed, a few additional drops of nitric acid should be added, and the boiling renewed, in order that the whole may be converted into persulphate of iron. When the solution is cold, make up the quantity to 11 by the addition, if necessary, of distilled water. Used in making several preparations of iron; it is also a good styptic.

=Solution of Phosphoric Ether.= _Syn._ SOLUTIO PHOSPHORI ÆTHEREA. _Prep._ Sliced phosphorus, 5 gr.; rectified ether, 1 oz.; mix, set the bottle in a dark place for 3 or 4 days, shaking occasionally, and decant.

=Solution for Plate.= _Syn._ PLATE LIQUOR; SOLUTIO PRO ARGENTO, L. _Prep._ From alum, cream of tartar, and common salt, of each 1 oz.; water, 1/2 gall.; dissolve. Used to increase the lustre and whiteness of silver plate, the articles being boiled in it.