Chapter IV: Introduction: xiii

CHAPTER I.

Geographical Situation of Java--Name--Extent and
Form--Divisions--Harbours--Mountains and Volcanos--Rivers
and Lakes--General appearance of the Country--Mineralogical
Constitution--Seasons and Climate--Metals--Minerals--Soil--Vegetable
and Animal Kingdoms 1

CHAPTER II.

Origin of the Natives--Javans compared with the Maláyus and
Búgis--Comparative Progress of the three Races--Foreign
Influence--Persons of the Natives--Manners--Population--Inequality of
it accounted for--Population Tables--Increase of Population--Foreign
Settlers--Chinese--Búgis--Maláyus--Moors--Arabs--Slaves--Gradations of
rank among the Javans--Their Habitations, Dress, and Food 62

CHAPTER III.

Importance of Agriculture to Java--Soil--State of
the Peasantry--Price of Rice--Subsistence of the
Peasantry--Dwellings--Agricultural Stock--Implements of
Farming--Seasons--Different kinds of Land--Rice Cultivation--Maize,
&c.--Sugar--Coffee--Pepper--Indigo--Cotton--Tobacco--Tenure of landed
Property 117

CHAPTER IV.

Manufactures--Handicrafts--Bricks--Thatch--Mats--Cotton
Cloths--Dyes--Tanning--Ropes--Metals--Boat and
Ship-building--Paper--Salt--Saltpetre Works--Gunpowder, &c.--Felling
and transporting of Teak Timber--Fisheries 182

CHAPTER V.

Commerce--Advantageous Situation of Java for Commercial
Intercourse--Importance of Batavia in particular--Native
Trade--Roads and Inland Carriage--Markets--Influence of the
Chinese--Coasting Trade--Exports and Imports--Trade with the
Archipelago--China--Kamtschatka--Western India--Europe, &c.--Dutch
Commercial Regulations--State of the Eastern Islands--Advantages which
they possess--Causes of the Depression of the Nations and Tribes which
inhabit them--Japan Trade 210

CHAPTER VI.

Character of the Inhabitants of Java--Difference between the Súndas
and the Javans--The Lower Orders--The Chiefs--Nature of the Native
Government--Different Officers of State--Judicial Establishments and
Institutions--Laws, and how administered--Police Institutions and
Regulations--Military Establishments--Revenue 272

CHAPTER VII.

Ceremonies of the Court--Deference paid to superior
Rank--Regalia--Processions--Pomp--Rank and
Titles--Ambassadors--Ceremonies attending Births, Marriages, and
Funerals--Account of the People called Kálang, and of the Inhabitants
of the Téng'ger Mountains--The Bedui--Festivals--Amusements--The
Drama--Wáyangs--The Dance--Tournaments--The Chase--Tiger Fights--Combat
of Criminals with Tigers--Bull Fights, &c.--Games of Skill and
Chance--Other Customs and Usages 343

CHAPTER VIII.

Language--Little known to Europeans--Different Languages or
Dialects--Those of Súnda, Madúra, and Báli, compared with that
of Java Proper--The polite Language, or Language of Honour--The
Kawi, or Sacred and Classic Language--Numerals--Chandra
Sangkala--Literature--Compositions in the Kawi Language, and in
the modern Javan--Influence of Hindu Literature--Introduction
of Arabic Literature--Poetry--The Brata Yudha, a
Poem--Music--Painting--Sculpture--Architecture--Arithmetic--Astronomy
396

AN ACCOUNT

OF THE

ISLAND OF JAVA.