Chapter LXV: Appendix: M

_MEMORANDUM respecting WEIGHTS, MEASURES, &c._

The weights and measures not only differ, both nominally and essentially, in the several districts of Java, but are often subject to such varieties, even within the same district, that the greatest confusion in accounts, and endless peculations, are almost inevitable. The native denominations and divisions are blended with the Chinese and European, and even the latter have been made to vary so much, that it is difficult to refer them to one common standard. The uncertainty of the native measures has, however, been considerably removed, by the reference constantly had by the Chinese to the weight of the article, instead of the bulk, which is the usual measure of the Javans.

The measure of weight which may be considered as the most general standard throughout the country, is the Chinese _kati_, equal to about 1¼ lb., or about 20 ounces avoirdupois; 100 _katis_ make a _pikul_ of 125 lbs. Dutch, or 133⅓ English, 30 _pikuls_ or 3,000 _katis_, being 3,750 lbs. Dutch. The Dutch standard _koyan_, however, is only 3,400 lbs., and in general is considered equal to a last, or two tons; but this weight, by which the rude produce of the country is generally calculated, is subject to innumerable varieties. In order to cover the wastage, it was the rule of the government that there should be one rate for receipt of goods, and another for their delivery. This varied according as the article was perishable or otherwise, or to the degree of peculation established by usage. This applied to all measures and weights by which goods were received and issued at the government stores, and the rates were different in different districts. A _koyan_ among private individuals at Batavia is generally considered as 27 _pikuls_, equal to 253 _gantons_, or 2,700 _katis_; at _Semárang_ as 28 _pikuls_, but by the natives generally as 30 _pikuls_. The _koyan_, however, by which the contingent was formerly delivered to government, at _Demak_ was no less than 4,250 lbs. Dutch.

_Pári_, or rice in the husk, is generally calculated by the _amat_, and in some districts by the _sáng'ga_. When the _pári_ is reaped, which is invariably done by snapping or cutting each separate straw a few inches below the husk, the sheaf or bundle as it accumulates is laid in the left hand, between the thumb and middle finger: the quantity which can be thus held is termed _sa agem_, which is therefore equivalent to a handful. Three of these make a _pochong_, a quantity which can be clasped between the two hands. The sheaf is then bound. Afterwards, when the grain and straw are dry, two of these _pochongs_ are bound together in one larger bundle, which is termed _gedeng_. Four _gedengs_ make one _bawon_, and five _gedengs_ one _sang'ga_: three _bawon_ make one _wuwa_, and two _wuwa_ one _amat_; the _gedeng_ is sometimes four, five, and even sometimes nine _katis_.

In the _Semárang_ districts alone, the _amat_ varied from 200 to 600 _katis_ in weight. In the western and _Sunda_ districts _pari_ is measured by the _chain_, of which there are the common and the mountain _chain_, the one being equal to 4,000 lbs. Dutch, the other about 1,000 _katis_. The _kati_, however, is the usual measure.

Land measure is by the natives regulated in general by the _bawat_, a measure of length, formed of the staff stick of the _payong_, or umbrella, which the _Bópati_, or native chief of a province, receives on his investiture. The length of this stick, when drawn from the umbrella, is termed a _changkal_, and is from nine to twelve feet. The principal divisions of land are into the _bahu_ and _jung_. Four of the former make a _jung_; but these not only differ in size according to the length of _changkal_, but the situation of the land and the nature of the soil; the _jungs_ of rich land, and in the vicinity of the principal towns, being much smaller than the poor lands situated at a distance. The endless varieties of these measurements it would be tedious to detail. One _jung_ in the _Semarang_ districts is equal to three others, to five, to six, seven, and even so many as ten, in other parts. From this perplexing inequality of measurement arose formerly, in many instances, the comparative disproportion of the cultivator's contributions to the state, as each _jung_ of every size was assessed with the payment of a fixed contingent. In many instances the _jung_ was rather to be considered the measure, not so much of the land as of its produce.

The advantage of reducing these vague and uncertain measures to some fixed standard, had in some degree attracted the attention of the Dutch government, during the administration of Marshal Daendels, who directed that the lands in several districts should be measured according to an average _jung_ of two thousand square rods or _changkals_ of twelve feet Dutch. This measurement being generally known as the government _jung_, although it had only been very partially introduced in one or two districts, was made the standard in the recent agricultural survey of the country; and although it was not deemed advisable to introduce at the moment an entire change in the local usages of each district, the public officers were directed to refer to it on all occasions; and in the statistical and other returns, the local measurement of the place has accordingly been invariably reduced to this standard. The government _jung_ of two thousand square _changkals_ of twelve feet English, is equal to 6⁷⁴⁄₁₂₁ English acres; and the government _amat_, by which the produce is weighed, being fixed at two thousand _katís_, is equal to two _pikuls_, or 266⅔ lbs. English.

In reducing the coins circulating in Java into English money, in the course of this work, the Spanish dollar has been considered as equal to five shillings English, and the _rupee_ to half a crown. In the local currency of Java, ten copper doits make one _wang_ (a small silver coin), and twelve _wangs_ one _rupee_.

The following Table shews the current value of the different Coins circulating in Java:

4 doits make 8 stiver.
10 doits or 2 stivers and a half 1 dubbeltje.
30 ditto or 7 stivers and a half 1 schelling.
60 ditto or 15 stivers {Half a Batavian, Surat, or Arcot
{ rupee.
63 ditto or 15 stivers and three}
quarters} Half a sicca rupee.
120 ditto or 30 stivers 1 Batavian, Surat, or Arcot rupee.
126 ditto or 31 stivers and a half 1 sicca rupee.
132 ditto or 33 ditto Half a Spanish dollar.
160 ditto or 40 ditto Half a ducatoon.
190 ditto or 48 ditto 1 rix dollar.
240 ditto or 60 ditto 1 American or Austrian dollar.
264 ditto or 66 ditto 1 Spanish dollar.
312 ditto or 78 ditto 1 old ducatoon.
320 ditto or 80 ditto 1 new ducatoon.
528 ditto or 132 ditto, equal to }
2¾ rix dollars } 1 gold ducat.
960 ditto or 240 ditto, equal to }
5 rix dollars } Half a gold rupee.
1920 ditto or 480 ditto 1 gold rupee.
10 Spanish dollars 1 American gold eagle.
16 ditto ditto 1 doubloon.

N. B. The Java gold rupee is equal to sixteen Java silver rupees; the gold ducat fluctuates in value, but circulates in general for silver rupees.

THE END.

PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON,
ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON.

THE FOLLOWING WORK,

_In one large Volume 4to., price 2l. 12s. 6d._

MAY BE HAD OF

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

A MEMOIR

OF THE

LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES

OF

SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES, F.R.S. &c.

PARTICULARLY IN THE GOVERNMENT OF JAVA, 1811-1816,

AND OF

BENCOOLEN AND ITS DEPENDENCIES, 1817-1824;

WITH DETAILS OF THE

COMMERCE AND RESOURCES OF THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO,

AND

_SELECTIONS FROM HIS CORRESPONDENCE_.

BY HIS WIDOW.

INDEX.

ADI SAKA, ii. 71;
his character, ii. 72.

Admixture of European with native customs, i. 346.

Agriculture, i. 77;
its importance to Java, i. 117;
principal pursuit of the people, i. 118;
causes of its obstruction, i. 168;
of its improvement, i. 179.

Agricultural survey, i. 7.

Alluvial districts, i. 25.

Alphabet, peculiarity of the Javan, i. 400-405;
specimens of its mystical meaning, Appendix, lxxxii.

Ambassadors, forms relating to, i. 351.

American trade, i. 242, 245.

Amusing description of Javan character by the Dutch, i. 283.

Anchar described, i. 51;
poison prepared from, i. 53.

Animal kingdom, i. 51;
horses, i. 53;
domesticated tribe, beasts of prey, i. 56;
birds, i. 57; their habits, i. 58;
amphibious tribe, i. 59;
serpents, fish, i. 60;
insect tribe, shells, i. 61.

Ancient customs relating to births, marriages, and deaths, i. 360.

Ancient mythology of the Javans, i. 418.

Antiquities, i. 5;
where found, ii. 6;
ruins at Brambanan, ii. 7;
temple of Kobon Dalam, ii. 8;
temples of Loro Jongran, ii. 12;
remains at Dinangan, ii. 24;
temple of Kali Sari, ii. 25;
of Kali Bening, ii. 27;
Hall of Audience, ii. 29;
temple of Boro Bodo, ii. 30;
ruins at Kediri, &c. ii. 35;
at Singa Sari, &c. ii. 44;
temples at Suku, ii. 49;
figures, ii. 56;
enormous tank, ii. 57;
images, ii. 58;
casts, ii. 59;
inscriptions on stone, ii. 60;
on copper, ii. 63;
tombs, coins, ii. 64;
remarks on their origin and purpose, ii. 66.

Ants used as food, i. 107.

Arabic literature in Java, i. 445.

Arab tract quoted, i. 2;
settlers, i. 82;
turban imitated by the priests, i. 99;
missionaries, ii. 122-128;
their exertions, ii. 143.

Arabs, first visit to Java, i. 212;
their hypocrisy, i. 253;
their lunar year adopted, i. 530.

Archipelago, islands of the, productions, i. 227;
commerce and policy, i. 246;
prevalence of piracy, i. 247-258;
resources, i. 248;
sovereignties, i. 249;
Chinese, i. 250;
Arabs, i. 253;
Dutch monopoly, i. 255, 256;
riches, i. 258;
slavery, i. 259;
Mahomedanism, i. 261;
Christianity, i. 262.

Architecture, style of, i. 93;
remains, i. 529; ii. 6-68.

Archives of the princes, ii. 67.

Arithmetic, i. 529.

Arjúna mountain, i. 13.

Armies, native, i. 329.

Arrack, manufacture of, i. 196;
exported, i. 238;
price, i. 239.

Asiatic Researches quoted, i. 2, 63.

Aspect of the country, i. 23.

Astrology, ii. 69.

Astronomy, i. 530;
division of time, i. 531;
signs of the zodiac, i. 534.

Athenians, or Iones, i. 2.

Augury, belief in, ii. 70.

BAKER, CAPTAIN GEORGE, ii. 8.

_Balambangan_, i. 268.

_Bali_, account of, Appendix, cxxxviii. language, i. 398;
writing, i. 406;
literary works, i. 438;
vestiges of antiquity, ii. 65.

_Bantam_ described, i. 9;
height of mountain, i. 13;
language, i. 400;
arrival of the Dutch, ii. 164;
their negotiations with the King, ii. 166, 200, 249;
its condition under the Dutch, ii. 265;
resigned to the British government, ii. 267;
general account of the population, ii. 268.

BARON VAN IMHOFF, ii. 233-245.

_Batavia_ described, i. 10; ii. 270;
environs, ii. 271;
harbour in the roads, i. 12;
its unhealthiness, i. 36-38;
supposed cause of it, Appendix, ix;
its check to the population, i. 71-76;
new capital of the Dutch, i. 210;
compared, i. 213;
annual number of vessels arrived under the British government, i. 215;
mercantile enterprize at, i. 233;
price of sugar at, i. 236;
commerce, i. 242;
Chinese in, i. 250;
their temple, ii. 58;
diamonds at the court, i. 266;
rebellion of the Chinese at, ii. 231;
list of the population, births, marriages, and deaths, Appendix, iv.

Batavian or Priangen regencies, ii. 271.

'Batavian Transactions' quoted, i. 14--26.

Bazars, i. 220.

Beasts of prey, i. 56.

Beauty, picture of a Javan, i. 102.

Bedui, account of the, i. 372; ii. 144.

Bees, i. 61.

Bich de mar, trade in, i. 232.

Birds, i. 57;
their habits, i. 58;
held in veneration, ii. 70;
trade in nests, i. 229;
how collected, i. 230.

Births, ceremonies at, i. 352;
ancient customs at, i. 360, 368.

_Borneo_, its distance from Java, i. 2;
productions, i. 263;
gold mines, i. 264;
diamonds, i. 265;
Dutch territory in, i. 267;
English possessions, inhabitants, i. 268;
anecdote of the king, i. 529;
the Dayas, ii. 70.

Boro Bodo, temple of, ii. 30;
when completed, ii. 85;
origin of the name, ii. 66.

_Brambanan_, ruins at, ii. 7-91.

'Brata Yudha,' or the War of Woe;
a Javanese classic poem, analysis, i. 465-524;
remarks, i. 458-461;
alluded to, ii. 80.

Brick buildings, i. 90.

Bricks of various sorts, i. 184.

British government in Java, i. 170;
allow free cultivation, i. 144;
commerce, i. 234-241;
at Borneo, i. 267;
alter the civil and criminal code in Java, i. 321;
the system of revenue, i. 339;
establish the freedom of the subject, i. 340;
arrival of the forces in Java, ii. 253;
changes introduced by the government, ii. 265;
proceedings at Cheribon, ii. 274;
trade with Japan, Appendix, xxx.

British troops in Java, i. 36;
table of deaths in the seventy-eighth regiment, Appendix, xv. note xvi.

BUCHANAN, DR. FRANCIS, quoted, i. 63.

Budhist religion, ii. 67.

Buffaloes used for ploughing, i. 122;
combat with the tiger, i. 386.

Bugis settlers, i. 83.

Bull-fighting, i. 389.

Cables, how made, i. 43.

Camphor tree, i. 49;
Chinese, i. 231.

Cape of Good Hope compared, i. 213.

Capitals in Java, i. 11;
how formed, i. 42.

Carpentry, i. 194.

Carriage, water and land, i. 218.

Casts in metal, ii. 59.

_Celebes_, account of, Appendix, lxxxv.

Celibacy, i. 78.

Cessions, ii. 199-211.

Chace, the, i. 386.

Chance, games of, i. 391.

Chandi Sewu, or the thousand temples, ii. 16;
when completed, ii. 85.

'Chandra Sangkala,' numerals according to the, Appendix, cix.

Character of the Chinese, i. 251;
of the Javans, i. 274;
by the Dutch, i. 283.

Cheribon described, i. 10; ii. 274;
under the British government, ii. 275;
cultivation and population, ii. 278-9.

Chess, game of, i. 390.

Chetik described, i. 52;
poison prepared from, i. 53.

Children, chiefs have many, i. 81, 282;
orders distinguished, i. 97.

_China_, its commerce with Java, i. 228-232.

Chinese settlers, i. 82;
how governed, i. 83;
first visit to _Java_, i. 212; ii. 98-138;
collectors of duties, i. 221;
coasting trade carried on by, i. 222;
camphor, i. 231;
oppression in _Java_, i. 250;
miners in _Borneo_, i. 263;
farming duties, i. 340;
rebel at _Batavia_, ii. 231;
lay siege to _Semarang_, ii. 240;
attack the Susunan, ii. 243;
trade with Japan, Appendix, xvii.

Chronological table of events, ii. 255.

Chronology, prophetic, ii. 73.

Climate, i. 35.

Coasting trade, i. 222.

Coasts, north and south, i. 12-22.

Cocoa-nut, i. 136.

Code of law, i. 312-321.

Coffee, cultivation of, i. 138;
ground prepared, i. 139;
various kinds, i. 140;
crops, i. 141;
depots, i. 142;
quantity produced, i. 143;
price, i. 144-242;
quality compared, i. 145;
exported, i. 235;
quantity, i. 237.

Coins, ii. 64.

Colouring articles of food, i. 108.

Commerce, advantageous situation of _Java_ for, i. 210;
appreciated by the Dutch, i. 213;
evils of their monopoly upon, i. 214;
extent, i. 215;
maritime and inland, i. 225-245.

Commercial speculation, opening for, i. 235.

Commissioners, Dutch, on the landed tenure, i. 157;
recommend the prohibition of opium, i. 114.

Comparative vocabulary of languages, Appendix, lxxvii.-lxxx. continued,
Appendix, cv.

Cooking, manner of, i. 108.

Copper, Japan, i. 243;
Appendix, xvii;
cups, ii. 60.

Cottages described, i. 88.

Cotton, cultivation of, i. 148;
cloths, weaving, spinning wheel, i. 187;
process of dyeing, i. 189;
exported to China, i. 232; English prints imported, i. 241.

Court or full dress described, i. 100.

Court, ceremonies of the, i. 343.

Courts of justice, i. 311.

Crater described, i. 14.

Crawfurd, Mr. quoted, ii. 275.

Credulity, i. 273.

Criminals, exposure of, i. 388.

Crocodile, i. 59.

Cruel punishment, ii. 197.

Cultivation of substances for dyeing, i. 43;
of the teak tree, i. 44;
of timber, i. 46;
of spices, the vine, i. 49;
its importance to Java, i. 116;
rice, i. 129; maize, i. 135;
cocoa-nut, i. 136;
sugar-cane, i. 137;
coffee, i. 138;
pepper, i. 145;
indigo, i. 146;
cotton, i. 148;
tobacco, i. 148;
wheat, potatoes, &c. i. 150.

Customs, relating to births, marriages, and deaths, i. 360;
of the Kalangs, i. 365.

Customs and usages, i. 392.

Cutlery, i. 193.

Dance of the Javans, i. 379;
figure, i. 381;
posture, i. 383.

Dancing girls, first rank of, i. 379;
their costume, i. 380;
common sort, i. 381;
their dress, i. 382.

Daniel, reference to chaps. x. and xi. vol. 1. 2.

Day, division of the, i. 530.

Dayas, the, ii. 70.

Deaths, ancient customs relating to, i. 361.

Deed, conferring the sovereignty of _Java_ on the Dutch company, ii. 249.

Deference to superior rank, i. 343;
in language, i. 345.

Diamond, cutters, i. 194;
mines, i. 265;
a celebrated, i. 266.

Dinangan, remains at, ii. 24.

Distinctions, of character, i. 276;
between the common and the polite language, i. 345, 409.

Districts, situation and division of, i. 12;
alluvial, i. 25;
Eastern, under the Dutch, ii. 280;
consequences of their measures, ii. 282.

Divisions, of _Java_, i. 9.

Division, of farms among inhabitants of villages, i. 169;
of time, i. 530.

Divorce, i. 357.

Dramatic entertainments, i. 374.

Dress, i. 95;
principal article, i. 96;
while abroad, i. 97;
value, i. 98;
in war, i. 100;
at court, ibid;
substitute for the golden crown, i. 101;
ornaments disused, i. 102.

Dutch, influence, i. 71;
rapacity of the Company, i. 168;
sanction English proceedings, i. 180;
estimation of teak forests, i. 205;
select Batavia for their eastern capital, i. 210;
withering influence of their mercantile monopoly on commerce, i. 214;
restrictions, i. 222, 243;
prohibitions to the native traders, i. 223;
favourite policy, i. 249;
Chinese agents, i. 250;
manœuvres in spice, i. 255;
policy compared, i. 257;
idea of colonies, i. 258;
territory in Borneo, i. 267;
ludicrous description of Javan character, i. 283;
legislation, i. 313;
check pilgrimages to Mecca, ii. 3;
arrive in _Java_, ii. 163;
massacre the natives, ii. 165;
contract with the native princes, ii. 166;
capital besieged, ii. 170;
treat with the acknowledged sovereigns of _Java_, ii. 172;
oppose the Makassars, ii. 176; agree with the Susunan, ii. 179;
interview of the officers with him, ii. 182;
dispatch troops to arrest Surapati, ii. 192;
obtain cessions for their services, ii. 199, 211;
contract with the Sultan of Bantam, ii. 200;
with the chiefs of Cheribon, ii. 202;
defeat Surapati, ii. 214;
perfidy to the Susunan, ii. 215;
oppose the Chinese rebellion, ii. 232;
garrison massacred, ii. 241;
oppose the rebel chiefs, ii. 248;
obtain the sovereignty of the island, ii. 249;
trade with _Japan_, Appendix, xvii.

Dwellings, of bámbus, i. 88;
construction, i. 89;
of brick, i. 90;
nobles' and governors', i. 94.

Dyeing, vegetable substances used in, i. 43;
cotton, i. 188;
improvement in the British mode suggested, i. 241.

Dyes, i. 189.

Ear, custom of distending the lobe, i. 106, 392.

Ear-rings, of what kind, i. 97.

Eastern islands, productions, i. 227;
commerce and policy, i. 246;
prevalence of piracy, i. 247, 258;
resources, i. 248;
sovereignties, i. 249;
Chinese, i. 250;
Arabs, i. 253;
Dutch monopoly, i. 255;
riches, i. 258;
slavery, i. 259;
Mahomedanism, i. 261;
Christianity, i. 262.

Eggs, manner of dressing, i. 109.

Egypt, ancient worship of, ii. 50;
_Java_ originally colonized by, ii. 69.

English, arrival of the forces in Java, ii. 253;
changes introduced by the government, ii. 265;
proceedings at Cheribon, ii. 274;
trade with _Japan_, Appendix, xxx.

Environs of _Batavia_, ii. 271.

Ethics, Javan, i. 285-295, 436.

European, residencies, i. 9;
articles required in _Java_, i. 240.

Exports, i. 227;
to China, i. 232;
to Bengal, &c., i. 235;
to England, Ceylon, &c., i. 216, 240;
to the Isle of France, Cape of Good Hope, i. 242;
excess over the imports, i. 245.

Exposure of a criminal, i. 388.

---- to night air, its bad effects, Appendix, xvi.

Extent of _Java_, i. 8.

Ezekiel, chap. xxvii quoted, i. 2.

Fecundity, i. 78.

Fermenting liquors, i. 112.

Festivals, i. 373.

Fights, tiger and buffalo, i. 38;
bull, i. 389.

Figure dance, i. 381.

Fisheries, i. 207.

Flowers, i. 41.

Food, i. 106.

Foreign settlers, i. 82.

Form of the island, i. 8;
conjectures on the, i. 28;
changed by volcanoes, i. 29.

Frenzy, its cause, i. 279;
in battle, i. 332.

Furniture of houses, i. 94.

Fur trade, i. 233.

Games of skill, i. 390;
of chance, i. 391.

Garrison, massacre of the Dutch, ii. 241.

Genesis, chap. x. quoted, i. 2.

Geographical situation, i. 1.

Geology, i. 25.

Glass, process of making, unknown, i. 184.

Gold, ornaments wrought, i. 194;
mines, i. 263.

Government, of _Java_, i. 296;
form and principle, i. 297;
union of authority, i. 299;
departure from its original constitution, i. 300;
remarks on its principles, i. 301-308.

Gradations of rank, i. 88, 298.

_Gresik_, ii. 122, 128.

_Grobogan_, cultivation and population of, ii. 298.

Guntur volcano, described, i. 17.

Hair, how worn, i. 99.

Hall of audience, an ancient, ii. 29.

Handicrafts, Javan names for the, i. 183.

Harbours, i. 12, 217.

Hats, of what form, i. 98;
of bambu, i. 186.

Herodotus, reference to, i. 2.

Heroism, precept on, i. 294;
verse, i. 331.

Hills, i. 25.

Hindu religion, i. 5;
in the Teng'ger mountains, i. 367;
subverted by Mahomedanism, ii. 1;
declines, ii. 9.

Hindu sovereigns who ruled in _Java_, ii. 85.

Hinduism, centre of, ii. 16.

Historical works, i. 439.

History of _Java_, origin of the people, ii. 69; augury, ii. 70;
era of Adi Saka, ii. 71;
his character, ii. 72;
prophetic chronology consulted, ii. 73;
Tritresta, ii. 75;
princes, ii. 77;
legends, ii. 78;
Hindu sovereigns, ii. 85;
chronology of the princes, ii. 87;
proofs of the establishment of Hindu worship at an early period, ii.
91;
intercourse with India, ii. 93;
exploits and adventures of Panji, ii. 94;
intercourse with China, ii. 98, 138;
first mention of the Mahomedan religion, ii. 104;
arrival of Arabian missionaries, ii. 122, 128;
their exertions, ii. 143;
progress of that religion, ii. 131;
origin of the kingdom of Majapahit, ii. 105;
different account of that event, ii. 108;
its princes, ii. 115;
its pre-eminence, ii. 131;
success of its arms, ii. 132;
Mahomedan army marches against it, ii. 136;
fall of the city, ii. 137;
retreat of the prince, ii. 141;
two governments again formed, ii. 150;
arrival of the Dutch, ii. 164;
their aggressions, ii. 165;
contract with the princes, ii. 166;
native account of their proceedings, ii. 167;
another account, ii. 168;
sultan besieges their capital, ii. 170;
their treaties with the acknowledged sovereigns, ii. 172;
massacre of the priests, ii. 174;
first establishment of the Makassars, ii. 176;
opposed by the Dutch, ii. 177;
they agree with the sultan, ii. 179;
siege of Kediri, ii. 185;
history of Surapati, ii. 190;
cession to the Dutch, ii. 199, 211;
Chinese rebel, ii. 231;
massacre of the Dutch garrison, ii. 241;
Chinese besiege Semarang, ii. 240;
are reinforced by the Javans, ii. 242;
attack the Susunan, ii. 243;
are defeated, ii. 244;
rebellion of the chiefs, ii. 247;
sovereignty of the island conferred on the Dutch, ii. 249;
treaty between the Sultan and Susunan, ii. 251;
arrival of the British forces, ii. 253;
line of Mahomedan sovereigns, ii. 254;
chronological table of events, ii. 255.

HOGENDORP, Mr., on the cotton of _Java_, i. 232;
on coffee and pepper, i. 237;
character of the Chinese, i. 251;
on the feudal system, i. 301;
on the religion of Java, ii. 1.

Holland, imports from, i. 244;
exports to, i. 245.

Honesty of the Javans, i. 279.

Horses, i. 53.

HORSFIELD, Dr., on volcanos, i. 14;
on mineral wells, i. 26;
his acquaintance with natural history, i. 39.

Hot wells, i. 26.

Humanity of a chief to his slaves, i. 87.

Humboldt's Essay on New Spain, ii. 93.

Hunting, i. 386.

Hypocrisy of the Arabs, i. 253.

Implements of husbandry, i. 124.

Imports, from adjacent islands, i. 226;
from China, i. 228;
from Western India, i. 234;
from Europe, i. 240, 241;
of precious metals, i. 244.

Improvement in British manufacture suggested, i. 241.

Inconsistent jealousy, i. 278.

India, distance of Java from the Eastern Peninsula, i. 2.

India Cloths, prohibited by the Dutch, i. 243.

Indian rubber, preparation of, i. 48.

---- corn, manner of roasting, i. 108.

Indigo, varieties of, i. 146;
advantages of Java for its cultivation, i. 147.

Indolence of the Javans, charge refuted, i. 280.

Inhabitants of the Teng'ger mountains, i. 367.

Inscriptions, ancient, i. 413; ii. 60;
translations, Appendix, cxxvii. cxxix. cxxxvi.

Instructions, Revenue, Appendix, cli.

Interest, Javan rate of, i. 394.

Interment, ceremonies at, i. 358, 369.

Iron, its value, i. 191;
imported, i. 240.

Irrigation, i. 119;
natural and artificial, i. 120;
of rice, i. 132.

Islands of the Archipelago, commerce and policy, i. 246;
prevalence of piracy, i. 247, 258;
resources, i. 248;
sovereignties, i. 249;
Chinese, i. 250;
Arabs, i. 253;
Dutch monopoly, i. 255;
riches, i. 258;
slavery, i. 259;
Mahomedanism, i. 261;
Christianity, i. 262.

Japan trade, i. 270; Appendix, xvii.

Japan copper prohibited by the Dutch, i. 243;
Kæmpfer's History quoted, ii. 73; ii, 91.

Japara and Jawana, cultivation and population, ii. 302.

Jipang, cultivation and population, ii. 298.

Javan beauty, picture of a, i. 102;
what a youth of family should be, i. 104.

Javanese, origin, i. 61; ii. 69;
a distinct race, i. 63;
compared with Malayus and Bugis, i. 64;
comparative progress of the three races, i. 65;
foreign influence, persons described, i. 66;
complexion, features, i. 67;
manners, i. 68;
population, i. 69;
census by the British government, i. 70;
reduced by Dutch policy, i. 71;
that of the capital contrasted with the cities in British India, i. 72;
early period of marriage, i. 77;
polygamy, i. 80;
not general, i. 81;
fecundity, i. 78;
foreign settlers among them, i. 82;
slaves, i. 84;
titles, i. 87;
dwellings, i. 88;
furniture, i. 94;
dress, i. 95;
war dress, i. 100;
court or full dress, i. 101;
picture of a beauty, i. 102;
of a young man of family, i. 104;
custom respecting the teeth, i. 105;
food, of what kind, i. 106;
worms and ants eaten, i. 107;
mode of cooking, utensils, i. 108;
salted eggs, how dressed, i. 109;
meals, i. 110;
attention to servants on occasions of festivity, i. 111;
hospitality, fermented liquors, i. 112;
use of opium, i. 113;
its effects on the human frame, i. 114;
importance of agriculture to them, i. 117;
cultivation of the soil, i. 118, 119;
state of the peasantry, i. 120;
subsistence, i. 121;
agricultural stock, i. 122;
implements of husbandry, i. 124;
seasons, i. 126;
rice cultivation, i. 129;
maize, i. 135; cocoa-nut, i. 136;
sugar-cane, i. 137;
coffee, i. 138;
pepper, i. 145;
indigo, i. 146;
cotton, i. 148;
tobacco, i. 149;
wheat, potatoes, &c. i. 150;
tenure of landed property, i. 151;
rights of the proprietor and tenant, i. 155;
proportion of the produce paid for rent, i. 164;
division of farms among the inhabitants of villages, i. 169;
under British protection, i. 170;
leases granted, i. 176;
diffusion of the new system, i. 177;
beneficial effects of British administration, i. 178;
manufactures, i. 182;
handicrafts, i. 183;
structures, i. 184;
thatch, mats, i. 185;
cotton, i. 186;
cotton cloths, i. 187;
coloured cloths, i. 188;
dyes, i. 189;
tanning, i. 191;
metallurgy, i. 192;
cutlery, i. 193;
carpentry, i. 194;
manufacture of paper, i. 195;
sugar, arrack, i. 196;
salt, i. 197;
process of manufacturing it, i. 198;
price, i. 199;
manufacturing industry, i. 200;
saltpetre, i. 201;
teak timber, i. 202;
fisheries, i. 207;
pearls, i. 209;
commerce, i. 210, 223;
native trade, i. 218;
roads and land carriage, i. 219;
public markets, i. 220;
coasting trade, i. 222;
character, i. 272, 284;
ethics, i. 285-295;
government, i. 296-308;
administration of justice, i. 309-327;
military establishment, i. 328-333;
revenue, i. 334-342;
ceremonies of the court, i. 343;
deference to superior rank, i. 344;
regalia, processions, pomp, i. 346;
rank and titles, i. 347;
ambassadors, i. 351;
customs at births, i. 352;
at marriages, i. 353;
marriage contracts, i. 354;
divorce, i. 357;
customs at interment, i. 358;
ancient customs relating to births, marriages, and deaths, i. 360;
customs of the Kalangs, i. 365;
of the inhabitants of the Teng'ger mountains, i. 367;
account of the Bedui or adherents to the Hindu religion, i. 372; ii.
144;
festivals, i. 373;
national drama, i. 374;
the dance, i. 379;
dress of the dancing girls, i. 380, 382;
tilts and tournaments, i. 385;
the chace, i. 386;
tiger fights, i. 387;
bull fights, i. 389;
games of skill, i. 390;
of chance, i. 391;
other customs and usages, i. 392;
languages, i. 397-416;
literature, i. 417-446;
poetry, i. 447;
analysis of a celebrated poem, i. 465-524;
music, i. 525;
painting, i. 528;
arithmetic, sculpture, and architecture, i. 529;
astronomy, division of times, i. 530;
signs of the zodiac, i. 534;
augury, ii. 70;
princes, ii. 77;
legends, ii. 78;
Hindu sovereigns, ii. 85;
chronology of the princes, ii. 87;
first connection with India, ii. 93;
first intercourse with China, ii. 98, 138;
origin of Majapahit, ii. 105;
its princes, ii. 112;
its pre-eminence, ii. 131;
success of its arms, ii. 132;
fall of the city, ii. 137;
retreat of the prince, ii. 141;
two governments again formed, ii. 150;
account of Dutch proceedings, ii. 167;
their treaties with the acknowledged sovereigns, ii. 172;
massacre of the priests, ii. 174;
cessions to the Dutch, ii. 195;
massacre of the Dutch garrison, ii. 241;
rebellion of the chiefs, ii. 247;
confer the sovereignty on the Dutch, ii. 249;
chronological table of events, ii. 255.

"Jáya Langkárá" quoted, i. 104.

JONES, Sir William, ii. 72.

JOURDAN, Mr., quoted, i. 167.

Justice, administration of, i. 309;
supreme courts, i. 310;
officers, i. 311;
laws, i. 312;
Dutch legislation, i. 313;
criminal jurisdiction, i. 315;
in villages, i. 316.

KÆMPFER'S "History of Japan," ii. 73, 91.

Kalangs, customs of the, i. 366.

Kali Sari temple, ii. 25.

---- Bening, temple, ii. 27;
remains at, ii. 229.

Kamtschatka, trade with, i. 234.

Kawi, or classic language of Java, i. 411;
remarks on the Brata Yudha, in that dialect, i. 458;
analysis of the poem, i. 465-524;
vocabulary, Appendix, lxxxi.;
inscriptions translated, ii. cxxvii. cxxix. cxxxvi.

Kediri, ruins at, ii. 37.

Kedu, cultivation and population, ii. 294.

Khójas, Javan aversion to, ii. 168.

Kóbon Dálam temple, ii. 8.

Kris, use of the, i. 392;
remarks, i. 393;
introduced by Panji, ii. 97.

Lakes, i. 22;
formed of craters, i. 23.

Land, its different kinds, i. 128.

Land of barley, Java so termed, i. 4.

Lands, tenure of, i. 150-181.

LANGHORNE'S "PLUTARCH," i. 323.

Language, distinctions between the common and polite, i. 345, 409;
the Javan little known to Europeans, i. 397;
compared, i. 398;
alphabets, i. 400;
characters, i. 402-405;
parts of speech, i. 406;
what remarkable for, i. 408;
Kawi or classic, i. 411;
inscriptions in ancient characters, i. 413;
mystical, i. 414;
general character, i. 415;
minerals, i. 416.

Latitude and longitude, i. 1.

Laws, i. 312, 321.

Legends, ii. 78.

Liquors fermented, i. 112.

Line of the Mahomedan Sovereigns of Java, ii. 254.

---- Hindu Sovereigns, ii. 85.

Literature, divisions of Javan, i. 417;
mythological works, i. 418-435;
ethics, i. 436;
historical works, i. 439;
romance, i. 441;
Arabian books in Java, i. 445.

Loom described, i. 187.

Loro Jongran temples, ii. 12.

MACKENZIE, Colonel, i. 201, ii. 8.

_Madura_, peculiar appearance, extent, dependencies, i. 8;
population, ii. 70;
bull fighting, i. 389;
language, i. 398;
divisions, i. 399.

Mahomedan sovereigns of Java, ii. 254.

Mahomedanism, the established religion of Java, i. 261;
when introduced, ii. 1;
first mentioned in history, ii. 104;
Arab missionaries to preach, ii. 122, 128;
its progress, ii. 131.

Maize, cultivation, i. 135.

_Majapahit_, remains of grandeur at, ii. 57;
ruins, ii. 66;
origin of the name, ii. 105;
first establishment of the empire, ii. 110;
princes, ii. 134;
its pre-eminence, ii. 131;
success of its arms, ii. 132;
Mahomedan army marches against it, ii. 136;
fall of the city, ii. 137;
retreat of the prince, ii. 141;
ancient faith still adhered to, ii. 144;
articles removed from the city and preserved, ii. 145;
artizans dispersed, ii. 146.

Malayan, Java one of the islands, i. 1;
depression of the tribe, i. 259;
sources of slavery in the countries, i. 260;
Mahomedanism, i. 261;
progress of Christianity, i. 262;
annals quoted, i. 277; ii. 97;
language, i. 406.

Malayus settlers, i. 82.

'Manek Maya,' translation of the, Appendix, cxii.

Manufacture of paper, i. 43, 195.

Manufactures, i. 182.

Manufacturing industry of the country, i. 200.

Map explained, i. 6;
native provinces, i. 9.

MARCO POLO, application of his 'Java Minor,' i. 4;
Introduction, xxii.

Maritime customs, i. 224.

Markets, public, i. 220.

Marriage, early period of, i. 77;
polygamy not general, i. 81;
ceremonies, i. 353; contracts, i. 354;
ancient customs relating to, i. 360;
in the Teng'ger mountains, i. 368.

Marsh, miasmata, Appendix, x.

Massacre of the Dutch garrison, ii. 241.

Mats, how made, i. 43;
of various kinds, i. 185.

Meals, mode of eating, i. 110;
in the highlands, i. 111.

Mecca, pilgrimages to, checked by the Dutch, ii. 3.

Medicinal plants, i. 42.

'Memoir on the Japan trade,' Appendix, xix.

Metallurgy, i. 192.

Metals, i. 33;
the precious imported, i. 244.

Military establishment, i. 328.

Mimicry, i. 383.

Mineral wells, i. 25;
of what composed, i. 26.

Mineralogical constitution of the country, i. 28.

Minerals, i. 25, 33.

Mines, gold and diamond, i. 263, 4, 5.

Minute of British police regulations, i. 322.

Miscarriage, cause of, i. 78.

Money transactions, i. 394.

Monopoly of the Chinese, i. 252;
of the Dutch, Introduction, i. xxxi, 255;
of the Malayan chiefs, i. 262.

MONTESQUIEU, reference to, i. 81.

Monthly returns of sick, Appendix, xiii. xiv.

Months, i. 533.

Moor settlers, who meant by, i. 83.

Mountains, i. 13;
general affinity, i. 24;
secondary, i. 25.

MUNTINGHE, Mr., Introduction, xxxv.

Music, its Orphean power, i. 384;
instruments, i. 524;
how played, i. 525, 26;
national airs, i. 527.

Musk, how procured, i. 57.

Mystical meaning attached to the alphabet, Appendix, lxxxii.

Mythology, i. 418.

Name of Java, European and native, i. 1;
support of tradition, affinity to the Scripture Javan, i. 2;
how designated by the Arabs, common to other Malayan islands, how
corrupted, i. 3.

Names for the handicrafts, i. 183;
of princes, &c. i. 462.

NATA KASUMA, his collection of legends, ii. 78.

National drama, i. 374;
airs, i. 527.

Nationality, spirit of Javan, i. 275;
remarks, i. 281-334.

Native provinces, i. 11;
trade, i. 218; comparison with the Dutch, i. 332.

Natural history of Java--_Vegetable kingdom_--its variety, i. 39;
productions for food, i. 40;
fruits, flowers, i. 41;
fibrous bark, stalks, &c. converted into various articles, i. 42;
substances used in dyeing, i. 43;
teak tree, i. 44-202;
its growth, i. 45;
various trees described, i. 46-48;
spices, the vine, i. 49;
the upas, i. 50;
the anchar, i. 51;
the chetik, i. 52;
rice, i. 129;
maize, i. 135;
cocoa-nut, i. 136;
sugar, i. 137;
coffee, i. 138;
pepper, i. 145;
indigo, i. 146;
cotton, i. 148;
tobacco, i. 149;
wheat, potatoes, &c. i. 150;
_Animal kingdom_, i. 51;
horses, i. 53;
buffalo, i. 122-124;
ox and cow, i. 123;
domesticated tribe, beasts of prey, i. 56;
birds, i. 57;
their habits, i. 58;
amphibious tribe, i. 59;
serpents, fish, i. 60;
insect and shell tribes, i. 61.

Nature's profusion to a country, paralyses the exertions of its
inhabitants, i. 120.

Navigable rivers, i. 218.

Nets, how made, i. 207.

_New Holland_, distance of Java from, i. 2.

Night, division of the, i. 531.

Night air, bad effects of exposure to, Appendix, xvi.

'Niti Sastra Kawi' quoted, ii. 76.

Nobility, i. 298.

Numerals, according to the Chandra Sangkala, Appendix, cix.

Nusa Jawa, native appellation for Java, i. 1.

Officers of the State, i. 299.

Opium eaten and smoked, i. 113;
mode of preparing for use, i. 114;
its prohibition recommended by the Dutch commissioners, i. 114-117;
Dutch restrictions on, i. 243.

Oppression of the Chinese, i. 250;
of the chiefs, i. 337.

Ox of Java, i. 123.

Painting, i. 528.

_Pakalong'an_, cultivation and population, ii. 288.

Palace of the prince, i. 92;
its compartments and architecture, i. 93.

PANJI, the hero of Javan story, his exploits and adventures, ii. 94.

_Papandayang_ volcano described, i. 17.

Paper, manufacture of, i. 43, 195.

Parts of speech, i. 406.

Patriarchism of the Javans, i. 275.

Pearls, i. 209.

Peasantry, condition of the, i. 120;
improved under the British government, i. 171;
their subsistence, i. 121.

Penalties, i. 243.

Pepper, cultivation of, i. 145;
exported, i. 235;
remarks on, i. 237;
restricted by the Dutch, i. 243.

Picture of a Javan beauty, i. 102.

Picturesque scenery, i. 91.

Piece-goods, trade in, i. 234.

Pilgrimages to Mecca, ii. 3.

Piracies in the Eastern Archipelago, i. 247-259.

Pirates, i. 222.

PITT, Mr. i. 259.

Plains, i. 23.

Plants, medicinal, i. 42.

Plough described, i. 125.

'PLUTARCH,' LANGHORNE'S, i. 333.

Poetry, various measures of Javanese, i. 447;
remarks on the 'Brata Yudha, or War of Woe,' i. 458;
analysis of that celebrated poem, i. 465-524.

Poison, how prepared, i. 53;
its effects, i. 54.

Police, European, unnecessary in Java, i. 397.

Police regulations, minute of British, i. 322.

Policy of the Dutch, i. 257.

Political importance of Java to Great Britain, Introduction, xxiii.

Polygamy, i. 80;
not general, i. 81;
its unfavourable influence, i. 282.

Population of Java, its inequality accounted for, i. 68;
Table No. I. i. 69;
No. II. i. 70;
decrease, i. 71;
its cause, i. 72-75;
increase explained, i. 73-79;
checks to its increase, i. 80.

Population of Bantam, general account of the, ii. 268;
of Batavia and its suburbs, ii. 270;
of the Batavian regencies, ii. 273.

Population tables, ii. 286, &c.

Ports of _Sunda_, Introduction, xvii.

Posture dances, i. 383.

Portuguese description of Java, Introduction, xix.

Potatoes, cultivation of, i. 150.

POTTER'S 'Archæologia Græca,' i. 2.

Power of music, i. 384.

Precepts, or Ethics of the Javans, i. 285-295, 436.

Precious metals imported, i. 244.

Priangen or Batavian Regencies, ii. 271;
general account of the population and cultivation, ii. 273.

Priests, dress of, i. 99;
how provided for, ii. 3; gradations, ii. 4.

Princes, Princesses, &c. names of, i. 462.

Principles of the British government in Java, i. 170.

Printed cottons, English imported, i. 241.

Process of dyeing cotton, i. 188.

Processions, i. 346.

Proclamations, Appendix, liv. cxlviii.

Produce paid for rent, i. 164.

Prohibitions on trade by the Dutch, i. 222-243.

Prophetic chronology, ii. 73.

Proprietor, his rights, i. 159.

Public markets, i. 220.

Public sales at Batavia, Introduction, xxx.

Punishments, severity of the Dutch, i. 276, 321.

Punishment, a cruel, ii. 197.

Rank, gradations of, i. 88, 347-50.

Rapacity of the Dutch company, i. 168.

Rebellion of the Chinese at Batavia, ii. 231.

Redress of Chinese abuses by the British government, i. 340.

Refinement in arbitrary power, i. 345.

Regalia, i. 346.

Regencies, Batavian or Priangen, ii. 271.

Regulation for the administration of justice, Appendix lvi.

Religion, Mahomedanism the established, i. 261;
when introduced, ii. 1;
natives attached to ancient institutions, ii. 2;
pilgrimages, priestly influence, ii. 3;
circumcision, ii. 4; plan for restoring the Hindu faith, ii. 5.

Religious enthusiasm, i. 274.

Religious precepts, or ethics of the Javans, i. 285-295, 436.

Rent, produce paid for, i. 164.

Residencies, European, i. 9.

Resin, i. 49.

Restrictions on trade by the Dutch, i. 222, 243.

Retrospect of the trade and commerce of Java, i. 242.

Revenge, i. 278.

Revenue, i. 334;
its sources, i. 335;
system altered by the British government, i. 339;
total, i. 342;
instructions, Appendix, cli.

Revenue instructions, on the landed tenure, i. 155.

Rice, the grand staple of Javan cultivation, i. 120;
mode of dressing, i. 108;
fermented liquors prepared from, i. 114;
price, i. 121; crops, i. 129;
different kinds, i. 130;
mode of cultivation, i. 131;
irrigation, i. 132;
seed-time, i. 133;
harvest, i. 134;
exported, i. 240.

Rings worn by the natives, i. 97.

Rivers, numerous, i. 19;
course, navigation, i. 20;
inferior, i. 21;
principal, i. 22;
impregnated, i. 26;
navigable in the interior, i. 217.

River fish, methods of taking, i. 208.

ROBERTSON, Mr. on the climate of Batavia, Appendix, ix.

Romance, a Javanese, i. 441.

Ropes, how prepared, i. 42, i. 191.

Sacred isles of the Hindus, i. 5.

Saka, that term explained, ii. 72.

Sales, public, at Batavia, Introduction xxx.

Salt, i. 107;
an important manufacture, i. 197;
process of making, i. 198;
price, consumption, i. 199;
compared, i. 200.

Salted eggs, i. 109.

Sanscrit, Java derived from a term, i. 4;
words in the language, i. 412.

Scenery, striking, i. 13;
rich and magnificent, i. 23;
picturesque, i. 91,
luxuriant, i. 119.

Seasoning of food, i. 108.

Seasons, i. 34;
their mildness, i. 35;
described, i. 126;
the twelve, i. 533.

_Semarang_, cultivation and population, ii. 290.

Serpents, i. 60.

Shame, Javan sense of, i. 277.

Shells, i. 61.

_Sicily_, why it resembles _Java_, i. 28.

Signs of the zodiac, i. 534.

Silk worms, i. 61.

Silver ornaments, i. 194.

Simile for Dutch policy, i. 257.

Simple construction of farming implements, i. 124.

Singa Sari, &c. ruins at, ii. 44.

Skill, games of, i. 390.

Slaves, whose property, i. 84;
condition ameliorated by the English, i. 85;
different from those in the West Indies, i. 85;
effects of the traffic on the natives, i. 87.

Slavery, alterations in the code respecting, i. 86;
measures adopted by the British Government, i. 87;
in the Malay countries, i. 259;
its sources, i. 260.

SMITH, ADAM, on the advantages of Java, for commerce, i. 213;
on the spice trade, i. 255.

Soap-tree, i. 48.

Soil, its excellence, i. 33;
variety, i. 34;
native fitness for the husbandman, i. 77;
advantages, i. 118, 233.

_Solo_ River, the most considerable in Java, i. 6;
its navigation, i. 7, 20.

Specimen of the mystical meaning attached to the Alphabet, Appendix,
lxxxii.

SPEELMAN, ADMIRAL, ii. 178, 179.

Spices, Dutch restriction on, i. 243;
exported from Java, i. 255.

Spinning-wheel described, i. 187.

Stag-hunt, i. 386.

Stanzas, Javanese, i. 446.

State of the peasantry, i. 120.

Stic-lac, its use, i. 232.

Sugar, how prepared, i. 107;
quality compared, i. 196;
exported, i. 235, 237;
price, i. 236.

Sugar-cane, cultivation of, i. 137;
for molasses, i. 138.

_Suku_, temples at, ii. 49.

_Sumatra_, distance of Java from, i. 1;
no traces of the ancient Hindus in, i. 5.

Sunda, island described, introduction, i. xvii; language, i. 399;
traditions of the people, ii. 107, 144;
difference between them and the Javans, i. 276.

Superstitions, i. 274.

_Surabaya_, harbour, i. 12;
river, i. 21;
delta, i. 24.

SURAPATI, exploits of, ii. 190;
his death, ii. 214.

Surat silks, prohibited by the Dutch, i. 243.

Surface of the island, i. 17.

Suria Alem, translation of a modern version of, Appendix, xxxviii.

Susuhúnan, or sovereign, i. 297;
his body-guard, i. 328;
deference to, i. 344;
at court, i. 345;
royal seat, regalia, attendance, i. 346;
titles, i. 349.

Swamps, i. 23.

Swedish iron, its price in Java, i. 240.

Table of Chronological Events, ii. 255.

Tables of cultivation and population, ii. 286, &c.

Tables of the population of Java and Madura, i. 69, 70.

Tallow-tree, i. 49.

Tana Jawa, native appellation for Jawa, i. 1.

Tankuban Prahu volcano, i. 14; described, i. 15.

Tanning, i. 191.

Taprobane of the ancients, difficulty of applying that term to Ceylon,
i. 4;
derivation, claims of Java to the title, i. 5.

Taxes, i. 335.

Teak-tree, abundance, i. 44;
time and manner of growth, i. 45;
cutting and dragging the timber, i. 202;
price, i. 204;
important to the Dutch, i. 205;
their monopoly in, i. 234.

Teeth, curious custom respecting, i. 105, 392.

Tegal, cultivation and population, ii. 286.

Temples described, of Kobon Dalam, ii. 8;
Loro Jongran, ii. 12;
the Thousand, ii. 16;
of Kali Sari, ii. 25;
of Kali Bening, ii. 27;
of Boro Bodo, ii. 30;
of Suku, ii. 48.

Tenant, rights of the, i. 160.

Teng'ger, mountains, account of the inhabitants, i. 367.

Tenure of landed property, i. 150-181.

Thatch, of what composed, i. 185.

Thief, singular mode of securing a, i. 396.

Thousand temples, ii. 16;
when completed, ii. 85.

Tiger fights, i. 386.

Tilts and Tournaments, i. 385.

Timber, cultivation of, i. 46;
mode of cutting and dragging, i. 206.

Time, division of, i. 531.

Tin, i. 227;
restricted by the Dutch, i. 243.

Titles, i. 347.

Tobacco, in general cultivation, i. 149.

Tombs, ancient, ii. 64.

Tomboro mountain, account of the eruption from, i. 29;
its effects at Java, i. 30;
sufferings of the people, i. 32.

Tonnage, average annual, cleared out from different ports in Java, i.
216.

Towns, how formed, i. 92.

Trade, native, i. 218;
coasting, i. 222.

Trade, Japan, i. 270;
Appendix, xvii.

Traditions, of the name of Java, i. 2;
of its disruption, i. 28;
on the sense of shame, i. 277;
of the Sunda people, ii. 107, 144.

Translation of the "Brata Yudha," i. 465--524; of the "Manek Maya,"
Appendix, cxii.

Translations of inscriptions, Appendix, cxxvii. cxxix. cxxxvi.

Trási, population of, i. 109.

TRITRESTA, another name for ADI SAKA, ii. 75.

Upas, or poison tree, i. 50.

Usages or customs, i. 392.

Utensils, cooking, i. 108.

VAN IMHOFF, baron, ii. 233, 245;
his memoir on the Japan trades, Appendix, xix.

Vessels, number entering the port of Batavia in a year under British
government, i. 215.

Villages, how formed, i. 90;
their community, i. 91;
justice administered in, i. 316.

Vine, remarks on its cultivation, i. 49.

Vocabulary of Kawi words, Appendix, lxxxi.

Vocabularies, comparative, of different languages, Appendix,
lxxvii--lxxx;
continued, cv.

Volcanos, i. 13;
their attribute, i. 14;
three described, i. 14, note;
general affinity, i. 24;
enrich the soil, i. 49.

Voyage to Japan in account current contra, Appendix, xxxii-xxxvi.

War-dress described, i. 100.

Water, a principal beverage, i. 110;
flavoured, i. 111;
plentiful supply, i. 119.

Water carriage, i. 218.

Wax-tree, i. 48.

Weapons, i. 329.

Weaving, the operation of, i. 187.

Weeks, division of, i. 532.

Wells, mineral, i. 25.

Wheat, cultivation, i. 150.

White ants, used as food, i. 107.

WILFORD, Major, notices by, i. 2;
on the derivation of Taprobane, i. 5;
quoted, ii. 72.

Women, curious office for, i. 395.

Worms, used as food, i. 107.

Writing, Javan mode of, i. 406.

Yellow, colour, esteemed, i. 392.

Youth of family, description of a, i. 104.

"Yudha, Brata," or war of woe, a Javanese classic poem, i. 445-524;
alluded to, ii. 80.

YULE, Major, on the landed tenure, i. 156.

Zabaja, a corruption from Java, i. 3.

Zodiac, signs of the, i. 534.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Supplied missing PREFACE heading for Vol. I p. vii.

Missing English stanzas in Vol. I: # 593 on p. 513, # 609 on p.
520, and # 615 & # 616 on p. 521.

Missing item in Vol. II: J in list on p. vi.

Out of sequence dates in Vol. II: 1494 on p. 258 and 1610 on p. 261.

Many tables have uncorrected addition errors. Silently only
corrected totals with independent verification, e.g. horizontal
total correct but vertical total incorrect.

Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical
errors.

Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.

Enclosed italics markup in _underscores_.