Chapter M: A. S. Salm-Dyck. Monographia generum Aloes et Mesembryanthemi (9)

=A. Hookeri= (Hooker's).* _fl._, spathe pale purple, appearing
before the leaf, much expanded; spadix whitish; scape prickly,
shorter than the petiole. June. _l._, petiole slender, prickly,
bearing on its summit the horizontal blade, about 3ft. in diameter;
this is divided into three primary divisions, which are again cut
up into several leaflets, the largest of these being toothed. _h._
3ft. Fernando Po, 1832. There is a variety with a paler coloured
spathe. SYN. _Caladium petiolatum_.

=ANCHOVY PEAR.= _See_ =Grias cauliflora=.

=ANCHUSA= (from _anchousa_, paint for the skin; use of some species). ORD. _Boraginaceæ_. Very pretty hardy annuals, biennials, or perennials. Flowers in scorpoid racemes; corolla funnel-shaped; throat closed by erect, obtuse processes; nuts four, one-celled, inversely conical, with a contraction towards the point, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perforated and concave at the base. Of easy culture, in ordinary soils, and preferring a sunny situation. Propagated by seeds, which should be sown in early spring in pots of sandy soil, when most of them will germinate in three or four weeks, some less. The honey-bee is very partial to this genus.

=A. Agardhii= (Agardh's). _fl._ purple, on short pedicels, distant,
disposed in terminal racemes, which are generally conjugate. July.
_l._ linear-lanceolate, tubercled, strigose. _h._ 1ft. Siberia,
1820. Perennial. Rare.

=A. azurea= (blue). Synonymous with _A. italica_.

=A. Barrelieri= (Barrelier's). _fl._ blue, with a white tube and
yellow throat; racemes conjugate, panicled, bracteate. May. _l._
oblong-lanceolate, denticulated, hispid. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. South
Europe, 1820. Perennial. SYNS. _Buglossum Barrelieri_, _Myosotis
obtusum_.

=A. capensis= (Cape).* _fl._ blue; racemes terminal, panicled.
July. _l._ linear lanceolate, hispid. Stem simple, hairy. _h._
1-1/2ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1800. Requires greenhouse protection in
winter. Biennial. See Fig. 87.

=A. italica= (Italian). _fl._ bright blue or purple, in panicled
racemes. Summer. _l._ lanceolate, entire, shining; radical ones
sometimes 2ft. long. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. Caucasus, &c., 1810. One of
the best. SYNS. _A. azurea_, _A. paniculata_. See Fig. 88.

=A. latifolia= (broad-leaved). Synonymous with _Nonnea rosea_.

=A. myosotidiflora= (Myosotideum-flowered). _fl._ fine blue; throat
yellow; raceme terminal, panicled, bractless. July. _l._ large,
radical ones on long petioles, reniformly cordate; those of the
stem sessile, ovate, hairy. _h._ 1ft. Siberia, 1825. A pretty
plant. SYN. _Myosotis macrophylla_.

=A. officinalis= (officinal). _fl._ blue or purple, sessile,
imbricate; spikes joined by pairs, terminal. June to October. _l._
lanceolate, hispid; radical ones tufted. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. Britain,
naturalised here and there.

=A. o. incarnata= is a variety with flesh coloured flowers.

=A. paniculata= (panicled). Synonymous with _A. italica_.

=A. sempervirens= (evergreen). _fl._ rich blue, in short axillary
spikes, generally leafy at the base. May. _l._ broadly ovate, lower
ones upon long stalks. Stem erect. _h._ 1-1/2ft. to 2ft. Perennial;
here and there naturalised in Britain. See Fig. 89.

=A. tinctoria= (dyers'). Alkanet. _fl._ deep blue; tube
blood-colour; racemes usually twin, terminal, many-flowered. June.
_l._ oblong, hispid. _h._ 6in. South Europe, 1596. A diffuse
perennial.

=ANCYCLOGYNE.= A synonym of =Sanchezia= (which _see_).

=ANDERSONIA= (in honour of Messrs. Anderson, surgeons, great promoters of botany). ORD. _Epacridaceæ_. Elegant and delicate little greenhouse shrubs. Flowers terminal, solitary, or spicate; corolla sub-campanulate, hypocrateriform, five-lobed. The undermentioned, which is the only species yet introduced, grows freely in a sandy peat with perfect drainage, which latter is most essential. Cuttings from the tips of young shoots may be made in autumn, winter, or spring, and planted in sand in a gentle heat, with a bell glass placed over them.

=A. sprengelioides= (Sprengelia-like).* _fl._ pink, furnished with
two small bracteas, spicate. March. _l._ spreading, bases curved
inwards, so as to resemble a hood, ending in a flat point. _h._
1ft. to 3ft. New Holland, 1803. Evergreen squarrose shrub. SYN.
_Sprengelia Andersoni_.

=ANDIRA= (its Brazilian name). ORD. _Leguminosæ_. Large ornamental stove evergreen trees, nearly allied to =Geoffroya= (which _see_ for cultivation). Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles. Pod drupaceous. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate.

=A. inermis= (unarmed). _fl._ purple, on short pedicels; panicles
terminal. _l._ impari-pinnate; leaflets thirteen to fifteen,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces. _h._ 20ft. to
30ft. Jamaica, 1773. Known as the Cabbage Tree.

=A. racemosa= (branchy). _fl._ purple, in panicled racemes. _l._
impari-pinnate; leaflets thirteen, ovate-oblong, acuminated,
glabrous on both surfaces. _h._ 20ft. to 60ft. Brazil, 1818.

=ANDROCYMBIUM= (from _aner_, a man, and _cymbos_, a cavity; the stamens are enclosed in a hollow formed by the folding of the limb of the petals). ORD. _Liliaceæ_. A peculiar greenhouse bulbous plant, requiring a light sandy soil, dry atmosphere, no shade, and a season of rest; during the latter period, scarcely any water is required. Propagated by seeds and offsets.

=A. punctatum= (dotted). _fl._ whitish, few, in a dense sessile
umbel, surrounded by about four spreading lanceolate, acuminate
leaves, which are 5in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad above
the base, channelled down the centre from base to tip. South
Africa, 1874.

=ANDRœCIUM.= The male organ of the flower.

=ANDROGYNOUS.= Producing male and female flowers on the same spike.

=ANDROLEPIS= (from _aner_, a man, and _lepis_, a scale; referring to the scaly stamens). ORD. _Bromeliaceæ_. Stove evergreen epiphyte. For culture, _see_ =Æchmea=.

=A. Skinneri= (Skinner's). _fl._ white. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Guatemala,
1850. SYN. _Billbergia Skinneri_.

=ANDROMEDA= (named after the daughter of Cepheus, who was rescued from the sea monster by Perseus). ORD. _Ericaceæ_. A dwarf, hardy shrub, found in peaty bogs in the temperate and Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. Sow seeds as soon as ripe in pots or pans, very thinly, in sandy peat soil, and place in a cool frame, giving plenty of air. Place the young plants out in spring. Layers, pegged carefully down during September, will generally take twelve months to make sufficient roots to allow of their being separated, and thus become independent plants. For other species often included under this genus in catalogues, _see_ =Cassandra=, =Cassiope=, =Leucothoë=, =Lyonia=, =Oxydendrum=, =Pieris=, and =Zenobia=.

=A. polifolia= (Polium-leaved). Wild Rosemary. _fl._ pinky white,
drooping, sometimes tipped with red; corolla ovate, furnished with
ovate, rather leafy imbricated bracteas, terminal, umbellate. June.
_l._ linear-lanceolate, mucronulate, with the margins more or less
revolute, quite entire, glaucous beneath, with an elevated rib, and
reticulated veins. _h._ 1ft. The numerous varieties of this very
beautiful native shrub principally differ in the colouring of the
flowers.

=ANDROPOGON= (from _aner_, a man, and _pogon_, a beard; tufts of hair on flowers). ORD. _Gramineæ_. A large genus of grasses with polygamous flowers. The majority of species are of no horticultural value; several, however, are very ornamental subjects, and thrive well in a rich, deep soil. Easily propagated by seeds or by division of the roots. The South European kinds succeed in the open air if planted in a warm dry border.

=A. citratum= (Citrus-leaved). Synonymous with _A. Schœnanthus_.

=A. Schœnanthus.= Lemon Grass. _fl._ in threes; spikes imbricate,
conjugate, panicled. A handsome species, the leaves of which emit
a very fragrant odour when bruised. _h._ 2ft. India, 1786. Stove
species. SYN. _A. citratum_.

Other species worth growing are _furcatus_, _halepensis_, _muricatus_, _pubescens_, _scoparius_, _squarrosus_, and _strictus_.

=ANDROSACE= (from _aner_, a man, and _sakos_, buckler; in reference to the resemblance of the anther to an ancient buckler). Including _Aretia_. ORD. _Primulaceæ_. Dwarf annuals or perennials, entirely alpine, agreeing in most characters with _Primula_, but having the tube of the corolla narrowed at the mouth. An airy, well-drained, and partially sunny position is essential in their culture. They thrive well between fissures of rocks or stones with a rich sandy peat soil. Drought and a sour soil are alike fatal, and both will be greatly obviated if small pieces of sandstone are mixed with the soil. The woolly species are best arranged beneath a jutting ledge of the rockery, which will afford them protection from the hottest sunshine, and from excessive wet in winter; additional comfort will be provided from the latter ill if a piece of glass is placed over them during the autumn and winter months. They can also be well grown, and make charming little specimens, in pots, with rich sandy soil and thorough drainage. Sprinkle sand among the small rosettes of leaves. They are increased by divisions, cuttings, or seed; the latter should be sown as early as possible, and raised in a frame.

=A. alpina= (alpine). _fl._ purplish rose; throat and tube yellow,
solitary; peduncles about 1/2in. long. June. _l._ crowded, small,
tongue-shaped, in small rosettes. _h._ 2in. to 3in. Switzerland,
1775. This species requires a rather shady aspect, and to be
planted almost perpendicularly in a soil composed of leaf mould,
peat, fibrous loam, and sharp sand. SYN. _A. glacialis_.

=A. Aretia= (Aretius'). Synonymous with _A. helvetica_.

=A. aretioides= (Aretia-like). Synonymous with _A. obtusifolia_.

=A. argentea= (silvery).* _fl._ white, sessile, very numerous.
June. _l._ densely imbricated, lanceolate, oblong, covered with
short hairs, forming very pretty silvery-grey rosettes. _h._
about 2in. Switzerland, 1826. This requires a well drained, sunny
fissure. SYN. _A. imbricata_.

=A. carnea= (flesh-coloured).* _fl._ pink or rose, with a
yellow eye, three to seven, on hairy stalked umbels. July. _l._
awl-shaped, smooth, acuminated, not forming rosettes. Stem somewhat
elongated. _h._ 3in. or 4in. Switzerland, 1768. This forms charming
little cushions if allowed to remain undisturbed; it is easily
increased. SYNS. _A. Lachenalii_, _A. puberula_.

=A. c. eximia= (select).* Larger and more robust than the typical
species, and a more rapid grower. Forms compact tufts of dense
rosettes, bearing heads of rosy-crimson yellow-eyed flowers, on
stems 2in. or 3in. high. Auvergne Alps, 1871. It requires moist
sunny ledges and fissures of rockwork in peat, loam, and sand.

=A. Chamæjasme= (rock jasmine).* _fl._ blush, ultimately deep pink,
with a yellow eye, umbellate. June. _l._ lanceolate, tapering
to a point towards the base, in comparatively large, not dense,
rosettes. _h._ about 2in. to 4in. Austria, &c., 1768. A very free
flowering species, growing freely when established, ultimately
forming large tufts. It thrives best in a deep, well drained and
rich loam soil.

=A. ciliata= (ciliated). _fl._ deep carmine red, on stems double as
long as the leaves. June. _l._ lanceolate-oblong, smooth on both
surfaces, with ciliated margins, imbricated. _h._ 2in. to 3in.,
forming dense cushions. Pyrenees.

=A. coronopifolia= (buckhorn-leaved).* _fl._ pure white, on slender
pedicels, umbellate on peduncles, about 6in. high. April to June.
_l._ lanceolate, distantly serrated, smooth, in flattish rosettes.
Russia, 1755. This is a charming little biennial, well worthy of a
place on the rockery. A colony of it is extremely pretty; it seeds
freely, and a batch of young plants almost invariably takes the
place of the old ones. SYN. _A. septentrionalis_.

=A. glacialis= (glacial). Synonymous with _A. alpina_.

=A. helvetica= (Swiss).* _fl._ white, nearly sessile, with a
yellow eye, larger than the little rosettes of leaves on the stalk
from which they spring. May. _l._ lanceolate, obtuse, closely
imbricated, small, ciliated. _h._ 1in., forming dense cushions.
Switzerland, 1775. A rare little gem, requiring a partially shaded
position, and very sandy soil. SYN. _A. Aretia_.

=A. imbricata= (imbricated). Synonymous with _A. argentea_.

=A. Lachenalii= (Lachenal's). Synonymous with _A. carnea_.

=A. lactea= (milk-white).* _fl._ pure white, with yellow throat,
large, on long graceful stalks, umbellate. June. _l._ linear,
or nearly so, in rosettes, sometimes scattered on the elongated
branches. _h._ about 4in. Austria, 1752. Very floriferous and
strong growing. Should have an eastern or western aspect, and be
propagated from seeds. SYN. _A. pauciflora_.

=A. Laggeri= (Lagger's).* _fl._ pink, sessile; when approaching
maturity the stem becomes elongated, and bears a tuft of stalked
flowers. March. _l._ awl-shaped, sharply pointed, in tiny rosettes.
_h._ 3in. Pyrenees, &c., 1879. Very like _A. carnea_, but more
delicate, earlier, and more abundant flowering, with deeper green
foliage. It suffers from exposure to the sun, and therefore
requires a partially shady position. Should be propagated from
seeds or cuttings, which latter strike freely. See Fig. 90.

=A. lanuginosa= (woolly-leaved).* _fl._ delicate rose, with a
small yellow eye, umbellate. June to October. _l._ nearly 1in.
long, clothed with shiny silken hairs. _h._ 6in. to 9in. Himalaya,
1842. A very beautiful species, with spreading or trailing shoots,
easily multiplied by cuttings or layers. It requires a warm sunny
spot on the rockery, with a sandy peat soil. When planted so that
its shoots drape the face of a rocky ledge, it is one of the most
charming plants possible to grow.

A. obtusifolia (blunt-leaved). _fl._ white or rose, with yellow
eye; umbels five or six-flowered. Spring. _l._ lanceolate or
rather spathulate, in rather large rosettes. Stems downy. _h._
2in. to 6in. European Alps. A very pretty form, closely allied to
_A. Chamæjasme_, and differing principally in its somewhat larger
rosette of leaves and stronger growth. SYN. _A. aretioides_.

=A. pauciflora= (few-flowered). Synonymous with _A. lactea_.

=A. penicillata= (finely hairy). Synonymous with _A. villosa_.

=A. puberula= (puberulous). Synonymous with _A. carnea_.

=A. pubescens= (downy). _fl._ white, with a faint yellow eye,
solitary, at the ends of the branchlets, very numerous. June. _l._
oblong-ovate, ciliated, in a crowded rosette. Stem with a small
swelling close to the flower. _h._ 2in. Alps, 1869. Treat like _A.
Chamæjasme_.

=A. pyrenaica= (Pyrenean). _fl._ white, with yellowish eyes, on
a scape about 1/4in high. Summer. _l._ narrow-oblong, ciliated,
recurved, keeled at the back. _h._ 1in. Pyrenees. An exceedingly
pretty and diminutive little alpine plant, grown, according to Mr.
Robinson, "to great perfection in fissures between large rocks,
with, however, deep rifts of sandy peat and loam in them. It will
also grow on a level exposed spot, but in such a position should be
surrounded by half-buried stones."

=A. sarmentosa= (trailing).* _fl._ bright rose, with a white eye,
in umbels of ten to twenty, on an erect scape. May and June. _l._
very silvery, forming dense rosettes, whence spring a number of
runners, bearing at their extremities other tufts, which should
be pegged down and covered with soil, when they will root freely.
Himalayas, 1876. It requires rich sandy loam, a sunny position, and
to be wedged between pieces of sandstone. Cover the rosettes during
winter with a sheet of glass. See Fig. 91.

=A. septentrionalis= (northern). Synonymous with _A. coronopifolia_.

=A. villosa= (hairy).* _fl._ rose or blush, with a deeper coloured
eye, and a honey-like perfume, umbellate. May. _l._ narrow, oblong,
covered with soft white down, chiefly on the under surface, in
compact tufts. _h._ 2in. to 4in. Pyrenees, &c., 1790. When well
grown, the flowers are produced in great abundance, almost covering
the green cushions. Plant in a sunny fissure of the rockery, in
sandy loam and leaf soil. SYN. _A. penicillata_.

=A. Vitaliana= (Vital's).* _fl._ rich yellow, comparatively large;
tube inflated at the middle, almost nestling among the leaves.
May to July. _l._ linear, acute, greyish. Stems numerous. _h._
1in. to 2in. Pyrenees, &c., 1787. When well grown, it produces
flowers in abundance, and is the only species in cultivation having
yellow flowers. A well-drained, sunny pocket is desirable, with a
calcareous soil, covering the surface with nodules of sandstone.
SYN. _Gregoria Vitaliana_.

=A. Wulfeniana= (Wulfen's).* _fl._ rosy or crimson, large. Summer.
_l._ oval, acuminated, in dense rosettes. _h._ 2in. Styria. A very
rare species in cultivation in this country.

=ANDROSÆMUM.= _See_ =Hypericum=.

=ANDROSTEPHIUM= (from _aner_, a man, and _stephos_, a crown; some of the stamens are barren and petaloid, forming a corona). ORD. _Liliaceæ_. A very pretty little hardy bulb, of dwarf habit, allied to _Brodiæa_. It requires a rich sandy loam, in a sunny position, and may be propagated by offsets and seeds; the latter should be sown as soon as ripe in a cold frame. Plant 6in. deep, when it will require no protection in winter.

=A. violaceum= (violet). _fl._ violet blue, about 1in. long, three
to six in an umbel, on pedicels about their own length; tube
infundibuliform, about as long as the spreading segments; corona
half as long. Spring. _l._ four to six, very narrow. _h._ 6in.
Texas, 1874.

=ANDRYALA= (the meaning of this is unknown). ORD. _Compositæ_. These are pretty half-hardy evergreen herbaceous perennials, easily grown in ordinary well-drained garden soil. Increased by seeds and divisions in spring. Two species only are in cultivation.

=A. lanata= (woolly).* _fl.-heads_ yellow, Hieracium-like. May.
_l._ white, woolly, thick, oblong-ovate; radical ones stalked;
upper ones sessile. Stems with a leaf at each joint. _h._ about
1ft. South Europe, 1732.

=A. mogadorensis= (Mogador). _fl.-heads_ bright yellow, as large
as a half-crown; disk bright orange. April. Morocco, 1871. This
species is rare in cultivation.

=ANEILEMA= (from _a_, not, and _eilema_, involucre; in reference to the absence of the involucre). ORD. _Commelynaceæ_. Greenhouse and stove evergreen perennials, with generally a trailing habit. A genus resembling _Commelyna_, from which it is distinguished by the inflorescence being sub-paniculate, and the peduncles entirely exserted from the bracts at the branching of the panicle. Flowers without any involucre. They thrive in a compost of loam, peat, leaf mould, and sand, well mixed. Increased by seeds and root divisions. There are a large number of species known to botanists.

=A. biflora= (two-flowered).* _fl._ blue; floral stalks
two-flowered. July. _l._ lanceolate. Stem creeping; plant smooth.
New Holland, 1820. Greenhouse species.

=A. sinicum= (Chinese). _fl._ pale blue; racemes about
seven-flowered, alternate, placed in a panicle form. May. _l._
ligulate, acuminate. Stems branched, diffuse. _h._ 1ft. China,
1820. Greenhouse species.

=ANEMIA= (from _aneimon_, naked; in reference to the naked panicles of sporangia). Including _Anemidictyon_. ORD. _Filices_. A well-marked genus of stove and greenhouse ferns, chiefly confined to Tropical America. Capsules small, very abundant, forming a copiously-branched panicle, quite distinct from the leafy part of the frond. This genus of handsome dwarf-growing ferns is of easy culture, in a compost of fibrous peat, leaf soil, and sand. Several species are exceedingly pretty for fern cases. For general culture, _see_ =Ferns=.

=A. adiantifolia= (maidenhair-leaved).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long,
firm, naked. _fronds_, barren portion shortly-stalked, 6in. to 9in.
long, 4in. to 6in. broad, deltoid, bi-tripinnate; pinnæ close,
lanceolate, the lowest the largest; ultimate divisions oblong or
linear-cuneate, the outer toothed, with a firm texture; panicle
3in. to 4in. long, the peduncle 1in. to 3in. long. West Indies,
1793. A very handsome stove fern.

=A. ciliata= (ciliated). Synonymous with _A. hirsuta_.

=A. collina= (hill). _sti._ 8in. to 12in. long, firm, erect,
densely clothed with fine ferruginous hairs. _fronds_, barren
portion sessile, 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, with about
twelve sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1-1/2in. long,
and about 1/2in. broad, unequal-sided, obliquely-truncate below,
blunt, sub-entire, with a sub-coriaceous texture; panicle 2in. to
3in. long, close, the peduncle 4in. to 6in. long. Brazil, 1829.
Very rare stove species. SYN. _A. hirta_.

=A. deltoidea= (deltoid-like). Synonymous with _A. tomentosa_.

=A. Dregeana= (Drege's).* _sti._ 8in. to 12in. long, firm, slightly
villose. _fronds_, barren portion sub-sessile, 8in. to 12in. long,
2in. to 3in. broad, about equal in width in the lower half, with
eight to twelve pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1-1/2in.
long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, ovate-deltoid, unequal at the base,
the upper side sub-cordate, the edge inciso-crenate; panicle 3in.
to 4in. long, the lower branches elongated; peduncle same length.
Natal. Stove species.

=A. flexuosa= (wavy). Synonymous with _A. tomentosa_.

=A. hirsuta= (hairy). _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, slender, naked.
_fronds_, barren portion 2in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 3in. broad,
sessile, oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid; pinnæ in six to eight
opposite pairs, 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/4in. to 3/4in. broad,
varying from oblong, obtuse, sub-entire, truncate at the base on
the lower side, to deeply pinnatifid with narrow divisions; panicle
1in. to 2in. long, close; peduncle 2in. to 6in. long, slender.
Jamaica, 1704. Very handsome stove species. SYNS. _A. repens_ and
_A. ciliata_.

=A. hirta= (hairy). Synonymous with _A. collina_.

=A. mandioccana= (Mandioccan).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long,
deciduously villose. _fronds_, barren portion 1ft. or more long,
2in. to 4in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, the lower half about equal
in width; pinnæ in twenty or more close pairs, the point narrowed,
but scarcely acute; edge finely serrulate, the upper base parallel
with the stem, the lower obliquely truncate; rachis and surfaces
finely pilose; texture sub-coriaceous; panicle very compound,
3in. to 4in. long: peduncle longer. Brazil. A very beautiful and
distinct stove species.

=A. Phyllitidis= (Phyllitis-like).* _sti._ 6in. to 18in. long,
stramineous, naked, or fibrillose. _fronds_, barren portion
sessile, 4in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 8in. broad, ovate-oblong,
simply pinnate; pinnæ in four to twelve sessile pairs, the lowest
the largest, ovate, 1in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. to 2in. broad, the
apex acute, the edge crenulate, the base rounded or cuneate, or
unequal, with a firm texture; panicle dense, 3in. to 9in. long, the
branches short; peduncles the same length. Cuba, Mexico, &c. SYN.
_Anemidictyon Phyllitidis_. Greenhouse species.

=A. P. lineata= (lined). _fronds_ with a yellowish-green central
stripe down the pinnæ. South America, 1868.

=A. P. plumbea= (leaden). Synonymous with _A. P. tessellata_.

=A. P. tessellata= (tessellated). Pinnæ dark green, with bright
green centre and leaden-grey border. Brazil, 1875. The forms of
this species are numerous: _fraxinifolia_ and _macrophylla_ are
names often met with, but only show slight deviations. They all
have a more hardy constitution than the other species, and grow
well in the greenhouse. SYN. _A. P. plumbea_.

=A. repens= (creeping). Synonymous with _A. hirsuta_.

=A. tomentosa= (tomentose).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, strong,
erect, clothed with ferruginous hairs. _fronds_, barren portion
6in. to 12in. long, half as broad, ovate-deltoid, bipinnatifid
or bipinnate; lowest pinnæ the largest, the blunt lobes 1/2in.
to 3/4in. long, 1/4in. broad, nearly entire; rachis and surfaces
densely pilose, with a firm texture; panicle 4in. to 9in. long,
loose; peduncle 1in. to 2in. long. Tropical America. Greenhouse
species. SYNS. _A. deltoidea_, _A. flexuosa_, _A. villosa_.

=A. villosa= (hairy). Synonymous with _A. tomentosa_.

=ANEMIDICTYON.= _See_ =Anemia=.

=ANEMONE= (from _anemos_, wind; the greater part of the species grow in elevated places, much exposed to the wind). Wind Flower. ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. An extensive genus of very ornamental hardy perennials. The generic characters of Anemone proper are: Involucre of three cut leaflets, distant from the flower; calyx of five to twenty petal-like sepals; petals absent. Of sub-genus Hepatica: Involucre of three entire leaflets, just under the flowers; calyx of six to nine petal-like sepals; petals absent. For botanical purposes, they are both now included under the one generic name of Anemone; but in gardens the Hepaticas are frequently regarded as a distinct genus. They delight in a rich sandy loam, but most will thrive in ordinary garden soil. Some are suitable for borders, while others thrive best on the rockery, most of them preferring a damp and partially shady position. For the numerous varieties of _A. coronaria_, both double and single flowered, the soil can hardly be too rich, and the position, though open, should be a sheltered one, and well drained. The tubers may be planted early in October, about 6in. apart, and 3in. deep, various colours being intermixed, when a splendid effect is produced in the following spring. After flowering, the tubers should be taken up--say in June--and spread out thinly, in a shady, airy situation, until they are dry, when they should be thoroughly cleaned, and, if necessary, divided, and finally stored away in a cool place, in pots or boxes of dry sand until the planting season. Anemones make admirable pot plants if placed in a compost of two parts turfy loam, and one of leaf mould or rotten hotbed or cow manure, with about a sixth part of sharp gritty sand; but, if so grown, they should be protected through severe weather, and brought into warmth as required. The herbaceous species are propagated by root divisions or root cuttings, or by seeds, in autumn or early spring; the seeds are better sown as soon as ripe in pans in a cold frame. Some, such as _A. japonica_, are freely increased by division; while others, such as _A. narcissiflora_, are very slow; and the tuberous rooted ones, by root division and seeds. The best and most rapid means of propagating the invaluable varieties of _A. coronaria_, and also of obtaining new ones, is by seed. A careful selection of flowers, and skilful hybridising, will produce results commensurate with the trouble incurred. So soon as the seed ripen, they should be gathered and sown at once in a warm sheltered situation outside, or in pans under glass, covering lightly with sandy soil, and keeping moist. They are somewhat difficult to sow on account of a mass of cotton-like down which adheres closely to them; they should be thoroughly separated therefrom by rubbing them in dry sand. Of course, if the seed are sown at different times, plants will be produced which will flower at different periods, and a succession of bloom may be had from April to November--indeed, nearly all the year.

=A. alba= (white). _fl._ white; pedicel solitary; sepals five,
obovate, very blunt. June. _l._ ternate or quinate; segments deeply
toothed at top; those of the involucre stalked. _h._ 6in. Siberia,
1820.

=A. alpina= (alpine).* _fl._ variously coloured, sometimes white,
white with the back purple, cream, yellowish or yellow with their
backs paler; sepals six, spreading, elliptical, rarely ovate. May.
_l._ sometimes smooth, sometimes clothed with long crowded silky
hairs, biternate; segments pinnate and deeply serrated; involucre
of the same form. _h._ 6in. Middle Europe, 1658. Very handsome
alpine. Plant on the rockery in rich deep soil, with a damp
situation. SYN. _Pulsatilla alpina_.

=A. a. sulphurea= (sulphur).* _fl._ beautiful soft yellow, 2in. to
2-1/2in. across when expanded, but they are usually cup-shaped;
sepals six, covered with a silky down outside; anthers of a rich
golden colour. May and June. _l._ radical, stalked, drooping,
more than 1ft. long; leaflets pinnatifid, deeply toothed. A very
beautiful form, thriving in ordinary garden soil, and a rather
moist situation. See Fig. 92.

=A. americana= (American). A synonym of _A. Hepatica_.

=A. angulosa= (angled).* _fl._ fine sky blue, over 2in. across,
with numerous black anthers surrounding a tuft of yellow styles;
sepals eight to nine, elliptical, spreading. February. _l._
palmately five-lobed; lobes serrated. _h._ 8in. to 12in. East
Europe. A very fine species, twice the size of _A. Hepatica_ in all
its parts; it is well suited for the border or rockery, enjoying a
deep rich soil. SYN. _Hepatica angulosa_.

=A. apennina= (Apennine).* _fl._ blue, 1-1/2in. across; sepals ten
to fourteen, oblong, obtuse, erect; pedicel one-flowered. March.
_l._ binately pinnate; segments lanceolate, deeply-toothed, acute.
_h._ 6in. England (naturalised here and there), and Southern
Europe. An exceedingly pretty plant, with soft-looking feathery
foliage. It thrives best under the partial shade of trees, where
the flowers retain their colour longer. Tuberous rooted.

=A. baldensis= (Mount Baldo).* _fl._ white, clothed with adpressed
hairs on the outside, and reddish tinged with blue; sepals eight
to ten, oblong-oval; pedicels one-flowered. May. _l._ biternate;
segments many-parted; lobes linear; involucral leaves multifid.
_h._ 6in. Switzerland, 1792. _A. cœrulea_ is probably identical
with this species. Shady parts of the rockery. Rare. Tuberous
rooted.

=A. blanda= (fair).* _fl._ deep blue, nearly 2in. across; sepals
nine to fourteen, narrow. Winter or early spring. _l._ triternate;
segments deeply cut and acute; involucral leaves stalked, trifid,
deeply cut. _h._ 6in. Eastern Europe. A very handsome early
flowering plant. It requires a rich, light, and well drained sandy
loam, and a warm, sheltered position. It closely resembles _A.
apennina_, of which it is merely a form, with deeper blue flowers.
Tuberous rooted.

=A. caroliniana= (Carolina). _fl._ purple or whitish, pubescent
on the outside, on a long one-flowered pedicel; sepals ten to
twenty, oblong-linear. May. _l._ ternate, with three-parted, or cut
acutely-toothed lobes; involucral leaves trifid, with cut lobes.
_h._ 9in. Carolina, 1824. A very slender and delicate plant. Shady
parts of the rockery. Tuberous rooted.

=A. cernua= (drooping). _fl._ somewhat drooping, dark purple;
sepals six, spreading, elliptical-oblong. May. _l._ pinnate,
villous underneath; segments pinnatifid; lobes cut, oblong; scapes,
petioles, and peduncles clothed with downy hairs. _h._ 6in. Japan,
1806. Rare.

=A. coronaria= (garland).* Poppy Anemone. _fl._ very various in
colouring, solitary; sepals six, oval, approximate. April to May.
_l._ ternate; segments multifid; lobules linear, mucronated;
involucral leaves sessile, multifid. South Europe, 1596. This is
one of the species from which the majority of "florists' varieties"
have originated, which can be purchased at such a cheap rate,
either in named varieties, or in mixture, and are invaluable for
spring flowering. It thrives best in a good loamy soil, and should
be somewhat shaded from the mid-day sun. Tuberous rooted. See Fig.
93.

=A. decapetala= (ten-petaled).* _fl._ cream white or pale sulphur,
about 1in. to 2in. across, erect; sepals eight to twelve, oblong,
spreading. May to June. _l._ tripartite, and freely divided into
numerous linear-acute segments, of a deep green colour. _h._ 12in.
to 18in. North-West America, &c. A pretty free-flowering species,
suitable for naturalising in woods, &c. It is less ornamental than
many others, but is very distinct.

=A. dichotoma= (forked).* _fl._ white, with a tinge of red on
the under side; sepals five, elliptical; pedicels many, usually
bifid. May. _l._ three parted; lobes oblong, deeply-toothed at
top; those of the involucrum sessile. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Siberia, North
America, &c., 1768. Border, or for naturalising in woods. SYN. _A.
pennsylvanica._

=A. fulgens= (shining).* _fl._ of a dazzling vermilion or scarlet,
with a black central patch of stamens, about 2in. across; sepals
obovate. May. Greece, South Europe, &c., 1865. A very beautiful
variety, much more showy than _A. hortensis_ (of which it is
generally regarded as a variety), and a universal favourite. In
"Hardy Perennials," Mr. Wood says of this splendid species: "It may
be grown in pots for conservatory or indoor decoration. It needs
no forcing for such purposes; a cold frame will prove sufficient
to bring the flowers out in winter. Borders or the moist parts of
rockwork are suitable for it; but perhaps it is seen to greatest
advantage in irregular masses in the half shade of trees in front
of a shrubbery; and, after all, it is impossible to plant this
flower wrong as regards effect. To grow it well, however, it must
have a moist situation and good loam." See Fig. 94.

=A. Halleri= (Haller's).* _fl._ purplish inside, large, erect;
sepals six, oval-lanceolate. April. _l._ pinnate, very villous;
segments three parted; lobes with lanceolate-linear, acuminated
divisions. _h._ 6in. Switzerland, 1816. A sunny border or the
rockery. SYN. _Pulsatilla Halleri_.

=A. Hepatica= (supposed remedy for liver diseases). Common
Hepatica. _fl._ usually blue; sepals six to nine. February. _l._
cordate, three-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles
and scapes rather hairy. _h._ 4in. to 6in. There are numerous
varieties of this species. England, &c. SYN. _Hepatica triloba_.
Varieties: _alba_ has large pure white flowers; _cœrulea_ (blue),
the double form of _cœrulea_ is scarce and very showy; _rubra_
produces reddish-pink flowers, and of which there is also a double
variety, very bright and lasting; _Barlowi_ has large sky-blue
flowers. Besides these there are many others. They are all charming
early spring-flowering plants, preferring rich light soil, and to
remain undisturbed for years, when they form grand clumps, often
producing seedlings where they stand. SYN. _A. americana_. See Fig.
95.

=A. Honorine Jobert= (Honorine Jobert). Synonymous with _A.
japonica alba_.

=A. hortensis= (garden). Nearly approaches _A. coronaria_, the
parent of a large number of garden forms. _A. fulgens_ and _A.
stellata_ are by competent authorities placed as varieties.

=A. Hudsoniana= (Hudson's). Synonymous with _A. multifida_.

=A. japonica= (Japanese).* _fl._ rosy carmine, from 2in. to
2-1/2in. across, on footstalks which spring from a whorl of three
or four leaves; anthers golden yellow. Autumn. _l._ ternate, with
unequally lobed, toothed segments. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Japan, 1844.
See Fig. 96.

=A. j. alba= (white).* This is a splendid variety, with a profusion
of large pure white flowers, which are produced from August to
November. This white form is one of the handsomest of border
flowers. The blooms are 2in. to 3in. across, with a centre of
dense lemon coloured stamens. For cutting purposes the flowers
are invaluable. It thrives best in deep soil. SYN. _A. Honorine
Jobert_. See Fig. 97.

=A. j. elegans= (elegant).* Very like _A. japonica_, with broader
leaves, and pale rose-coloured flowers, which are more than 3in.
across. This is also called _rosea_ and _hybrida_. Japan.

=A. lancifolia= (lance-leaved). _fl._ white; sepals five,
ovate-acute; scapes one-flowered. May. _l._ all stalked, ternate;
segments lanceolate, crenate-toothed. _h._ 3in. Pennsylvania, 1823.
Very rare. Rockery. Tuberous rooted.

=A. multifida= (many-cleft).* _fl._ red, whitish yellow, or citron
colour, small; sepals five to ten, elliptical, obtuse; peduncles
three, one-flowered, one of which is naked and earlier, the other
two longer, and bearing two-leaved multifid involucels on their
middle. June. _l._ radical ones ternate; segments cuneated, three
parted, multifid, with linear lobes; those of the involucrum
multifid, on short petioles. _h._ 6in. to 12in. North America.
Border or rockery. SYN. _A. Hudsoniana_.

=A. narcissiflora= (Narcissus-flowered).* _fl._ usually cream
coloured, sometimes purplish on the outside; umbels generally
many-flowered; pedicels in some instances twice or three times
longer than the involucrum, and in others very short; sepals five
or six, ovate or oval, blunt or acute. May. _l._ radical ones
palmately three to five parted; lobes deeply toothed; lobules
linear, acute; those of the involucrum three to five cleft. _h._
about 1ft. Europe, North America, 1773. An extremely variable and
beautiful species. Rockery. See Fig. 98.

=A. nemorosa= (grove).* Wood Anemone. _fl._ generally white; sepals
six, elliptical; scapes one-flowered. March. _l._ ternate; segments
trifid, deeply toothed, lanceolate, acute; involucral leaves
stalked. _h._ 6in. This species varies greatly in the colour of
its flowers. It is a most beautiful little plant, frequent in our
native woods, and suitable for planting in shaded shrubberies, &c.
Tuberous rooted.

=A. n. cœrulea=, (blue),* from the North-west States of America, is
very near, if not identical with, the variety _Robinsoniana_, of
our native woods.

=A. n. flore-pleno= (double-flowered).* _fl._ pure white, over 1in.
across, solitary, double. This is an exceedingly pretty plant, and
remains in beauty considerably longer than the type. It should be
grown in large clumps, and in rich loam.

=A. n. Robinsoniana= (Robinson's).* _fl._ bright azure blue, large,
over 1-1/2in. in diameter. A charming variety for the rockery or
border, and one of the prettiest in the whole genus.

=A. n. rosea= (rosy).* A very pretty form, with rose-coloured
flowers, of which there is a double flowered sub-variety; there is
also a double form of the type, named _bracteata_ _fl.-pl._, white
flowers, surrounded with a large involucrum.

=A. obtusiloba= (blunt-lobed-leaved). _fl._ cream coloured; sepals
five, obovate; peduncles two to three, one-flowered, villous,
naked, or the lateral ones are bracteate. June. _l._ three lobed
cordate, and are, as well as petioles, very villous; segments
broadly cuneated, and deeply crenate; involucral leaves trifid.
Himalaya, 1843. This species requires a warm and sheltered position.

=A. palmata= (palmate).* _fl._ golden yellow; sepals ten to twelve,
oblong, obtuse; scape one, rarely two, flowered. May. _l._ cordate,
sub-orbicular, bluntly three to five-lobed, toothed; involucral
leaves trifid. South-west Europe, 1597. A white flowered variety,
though scarce, is in cultivation, and is very pretty. True alpines,
which should be grown on the rockery, where the soil is both rich
and deep, with a somewhat damp situation. Tuberous rooted.

=A. patens= (spreading).* _fl._ purplish, or rarely yellow, erect,
spreading, in the involucre almost sessile; sepals five to six.
June. _l._ pinnate, rising after the flowers; segments three
parted; lobes toothed at the top. Northern Europe, &c., 1752.

=A. p. Nuttalliana= (Nuttall's).* _fl._ purple, sometimes cream
coloured, erect, villous on the outside; sepals five or six, erect,
connivent. June. _l._ three parted; segments cuneate, trifid, cut;
lobes linear-lanceolate, elongated; those of the involucre with
linear lobes. _h._ 1ft. North America, 1826. A pretty border plant.

=A. pavonina= (peacock). Synonymous with _A. stellata_.

=A. pennsylvanica= (Pennsylvanian). Synonymous with _A. dichotoma_.

=A. pratensis= (meadow).* _fl._ dark purple, pendulous; sepals
six, erect, reflexed at the top, acute. May. _l._ pinnate, many
parted; lobes linear. _h._ 6in. to 12in. Northern Europe, &c.,
1731. Differs chiefly from the following species in having smaller
flowers, sepals narrower and more acute, connivent at base, and
reflexed at apex. SYN. _Pulsatilla pratensis_.

=A. Pulsatilla= (common Pulsatilla).* Pasque Flower. _fl._
generally violet, sub-erect; sepals six, spreading, externally
silky, very handsome. April. _l._ pinnate; segments many parted;
lobes linear. _h._ 6in. to 12in. England, &c. A singular
and beautiful species, thriving best in a dry situation and
well-drained soil of a calcareous nature. It is a very pretty
plant for a border or rockery; when well grown, it forms handsome
tufts, and flowers very freely. See Fig. 99. SYN. _Pulsatilla
vulgaris_. There are numerous varieties, the best of which are:

=A. P. dahurica= (Dahurian). _fl._ erect; sepals oblong, very
villous. Plant dwarf. Sunny border or rockery.

=A. P. lilacina= (lilac). _fl._ lilac.

=A. P. rubra= (red). _fl._ erect; sepals blunter. Plant dwarfer.

=A. ranunculoides= (Ranunculus-like).* _fl._ usually yellow (but in
the Pyrenean variety purple), generally solitary, single or double;
sepals five to six, elliptical. March. _l._ radical ones three
to five parted; segments subtrifid, deeply toothed; those of the
involucrum on short stalks three parted, deeply toothed. _h._ 3in.
Naturalised in English woods, but rarely. Tuberous rooted.

=A. rivularis= (river).* _fl._ white; anthers purple; sepals five,
oval, smooth; pedicels three, one of which is naked. April. _l._
villous, as well as petioles, three parted; lobes cuneated, trifid;
lobules cut, acutely toothed. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. North India,
1840. Should be grown on the banks of running water, or in a damp
situation in the border.

=A. sibirica= (Siberian). _fl._ white; sepals six, orbicular;
scapes one-flowered. June. _l._ ternate; segments deeply toothed,
ciliated, those of the involucrum on short stalks, ternate;
segments lanceolate. _h._ 6in. Siberia, 1804. Rockery; very rare.

=A. stellata= (star-leaved).* _fl._ purple, or rose red, or
whitish, solitary; sepals ten to twelve, oblong, bluntish. April.
_l._ three parted; lobes cuneated, deeply-toothed; involucral
leaves sessile, oblong. _h._ 8in. to 10in. South Europe, 1599. A
pretty and gay spring flowering plant. Tuberous rooted. SYN. _A.
pavonina_. Double forms of this occur in cultivation. See Fig. 100.

=A. sylvestris= (wood).* Snowdrop Windflower. _fl._ pure satin
white, slightly drooping, 1-1/2in. across when fully open,
fragrant; sepals six, elliptical; pedicel solitary. April. _l._
ternate or quinate, hairy beneath; segments deeply toothed at top,
those of the involucrum stalked. _h._ 6in. to 18in. Europe, 1596.
This distinct and showy species thrives best in a light vegetable
soil in a rather shady and moist situation. The roots are creeping,
and should be allowed plenty of room, so that they may ramble
without check. See Fig. 101.

=A. trifolia= (three-leaved). _fl._ white, erect; sepals five,
elliptical, obtuse. April. _l._ all stalked, ternate; segments
ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed. _h._ 6in. France, 1597. This
species comes close to _A. nemorosa_.

=A. vernalis= (spring).* _fl._ whitish inside, violet and covered
with silky down outside, erect, sub-sessile or on pedicels; sepals
six, straight, elliptic-oblong. April. _l._ pinnate; segments
cuneate-lanceolate, trifid; involucrum very villous. _h._ 6in.
Europe, 1816. A curious rather than a showy species; it makes a
pretty pot plant, but must not, under any consideration, be allowed
to want water. It can be plunged in sand or ashes in the open, and
just as the flowers commence to expand, transfer to a cool frame.
It thrives best in a peat and loam compost, to which small pieces
of charcoal may be added. SYN. _Pulsatilla vernalis_. See Fig. 102.

=A. virginiana= (Virginian).* _fl._ purplish green or pale purple,
small; sepals five, elliptical, silky-pubescent on the outside;
pedicels often rising in pairs from the involucel. May. _l._
ternate; segments trifid, acuminated, deeply toothed; those of
the involucre and involucels stalked; peduncles three to four,
much elongated, middle one naked, sometimes 1ft. high; lateral
ones bearing two-leaved involucels. _h._ 2ft. North America, 1722.
Border or woodlands, and damp places.

=A. vitifolia= (vine-leaved). _fl._ white, villous on the outside;
anthers copper colour; sepals eight, oval, oblong; pedicels
one-flowered. July. _l._ large, cordate, five-lobed, beneath
as well as the stems clothed with white wool; lobes broadly
ovate, cut, and crenate; those of the involucrum stalked, woolly
underneath, smooth above, bluntly cordate, five-lobed. _h._ 2ft.
Upper Nepaul, 1829. This requires a warm sheltered position to
stand the winter. Very near _A. japonica alba_, and probably the
progenitor of it.

=ANEMONOPSIS= (from _anemone_, and _opsis_, resemblance; flowers like those of the Anemone). ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. A handsome and remarkable hardy herbaceous perennial, not unlike _Anemone japonica_, but smaller. It thrives in any light soil. Propagated by seeds and divisions of the root-stock in spring.

=A. macrophylla= (large-leaved).* _fl._ in loose racemes; sepals
about nine, concave, the outer three purple, internally pale lilac;
petals twelve, in many rows, one-third the length of the sepals,
linear-oblong. July. _l._ large, biternate, coarsely toothed,
glabrous. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Japan, 1869.

=ANEMOPÆGMA= (from _anemos_, the wind, and _paigma_, sport). ORD. _Bignoniaceæ_. A handsome stove climbing shrub. For culture, _see_ =Bignonia=.

=A. racemosum= (racemose).* _fl._ delicate buff coloured, in
axillary racemes, large. September. Brazil, 1879. This beautiful
and vigorous climber is, as yet, very rare in cultivation.

=ANETHUM= (from _ano_, upwards, and _theo_, to run; in reference to its quick growth). ORD. _Umbelliferæ_. A genus of erect glabrous annuals. Flowers yellow; involucre and involucels wanting. Leaves decompound, with linear-setaceous lobes. This genus is of no ornamental value, its most important species being the garden Dill (_A. graveolens_), which _see_ for culture.

=ANGELICA= (in reference to the supposed angelic medicinal virtues of some species). ORD. _Umbelliferæ_. Perennial or biennial herbs. Flowers white; umbels terminal; involucra wanting or of few leaves; involucels of many leaves. Leaves bipinnate. The common Angelica (_A. Archangelica_) is the only species that calls for mention. It is a native biennial, and was at one time in much request for confectionery, and as a herb of supposed great medicinal value. Seed should be sown in September or March in ordinary soil, and the young plants thinned out to about 18in. apart.

=ANGELICA TREE.= _See_ =Aralia spinosa=.

=ANGELONIA= (from _angelon_, the local name of _A. salicariæfolia_ in South America). SYN. _Schelveria_. ORD. _Scrophulariaceæ_. Very pretty stove herbaceous perennials. Flowers axillary, racemose; corolla irregular, bilabiate; lower lip saccate at the base, trifid; upper one smaller, bifid. Leaves opposite. Stem and branches quadrangular. A mixture of light turfy loam, peat, leaf soil, and sand, is a good compost. Cuttings of young shoots in spring strike readily under a hand glass, or plunged in the propagating bed, giving plenty of air daily.

=A. salicariæfolia= (Willow-leaved).* _fl._ blue, hairy, axillary,
solitary, pedicellate, disposed in terminal racemes. August. _l._
sessile, lanceolate, acute, serrated towards the apex, finely
pubescent on both surfaces. _h._ 1-1/2ft. to 3ft. South America,
1818.

=ANGIOPTERIS= (from _aggeion_, a vessel, and _pteris_, a wing). Including _Psilodochea_. ORD. _Filices_. A genus of gigantic greenhouse ferns. Capsules eight to fifteen, opening by a slit down the side, sessile, very close but not concrete, arranged in linear-oblong or boat-shaped sori near the edge of the frond. These ferns require a very liberal supply of water, and plenty of room to fully expand. The most suitable compost is a mixture of strong loam and peat, with some sharp sand. Thorough drainage must be afforded.

=A. evecta= (evectic). _cau._ erect, 2ft. to 6ft. high, 1-1/2ft.
to 2ft. thick, very fleshy. _sti._ swollen and articulated at
the base, furnished with two large leathery persistent auricles.
_fronds_ 6ft. to 15ft. long, bi- or tripinnate; pinnæ 1ft. to
3ft. long, spreading, the lowest the largest; rachis swollen at
the base; pinnules 4in. to 12in. long, 1/2in. to 1-1/2in. broad,
linear-oblong, sessile or shortly stalked, acuminate; edge entire
or finely toothed. Tropics of Old World. This is the only clearly
defined species; the others usually known as distinct species are
but varieties of it, and its culture should not be attempted if
plenty of room cannot be afforded it.

=ANGOPHORA= (from _aggos_, a vessel, and _phero_, to bear; in reference to the shape of the fruit). ORD. _Myrtaceæ_. Australian evergreen greenhouse ornamental trees or shrubs. Flowers corymbose; calyx five or six-cleft. Leaves large, opposite. A mixture of leaf soil, peat, and sand suits them well. Ripened cuttings will root in sandy soil under a hand glass in a cool house, in a few weeks.

=A. cordifolia= (heart-leaved).* _fl._ yellowish, corymbose, large.
May. _l._ sessile, ovate, cordate at the base, glabrous. _h._ 7ft.
to 10ft. New Holland, 1789.

=A. lanceolata= (lanceolate-leaved).* _fl._ white, corymbose. May.
_l._ petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. _h._ 4ft. to 6ft.
New Holland, 1816.

=ANGRÆCUM= (deduced from _angurek_, a Malayan name for air plants). ORD. _Orchidaceæ_. TRIBE _Vandeæ_. These are among the most beautiful of epiphytal orchids. One characteristic, both remarkable and peculiar, is the long, hollow, tail-like spur depending from the base of the lip. The flowers are produced on spikes from the axils of the leaves. The leaves are evergreen, and arranged in two rows, the one opposite to the other, and, in many kinds, being curved, give the plant a very graceful appearance. The fact of these plants producing their blooms during the winter--a period when flowers are generally scarce--considerably enhances their value. They usually continue six or eight weeks in perfection, or even more. The following table of night temperatures should be almost universally adhered to for all the species enumerated, except _A. falcatum_, which thrives best in a cool house. From November to February, 58deg. to 63deg.; March to May, September and October, 65deg.; June to August, 70deg. The day temperature should be 7deg. or 8deg. higher than that of the night. A compost of crocks, charcoal, and sphagnum is best. A layer of a few large crocks at the bottom of the pot or pan will be required; over these spread another layer of charcoal and smaller crocks, just enough to allow the roots to support the plant; so that the first pair of leaves will be, in large plants, about 4in. above the rim of the pot, or proportionately less in the case of small plants. When the plant is carefully adjusted in its proper position, and held there with one hand, the other hand should work in among the roots more crocks and charcoal, ceasing so to do when within 2in. of the rim; the remaining space must be occupied with fresh sphagnum, pressed firm (this is most essential) in a cone shape, which may be built up to within 1/2in. of the lower pair of leaves. Prior to potting, which ought to be done between February and April, water should be withheld for a short time; but give a good soaking immediately after the operation. In the process of repotting, clear the roots of the old moss, all rotten stems, and particles of decayed roots. If plants are potted as we have recommended, a thorough soaking once a week only, or if grown on blocks of wood, or in suspended baskets or pans, about twice weekly will be found sufficient. Excessive fumigation, drought, whether atmospherical or at the roots, will cause the leaves to drop, and prevent any growth being made, in which case the plant ought to be lowered. If the stems have emitted but few roots, a ring of moss fastened round the stems, and kept constantly wet, will induce the plant to throw out additional roots, when the lowering may be proceeded with. To keep the plants free from insect pests, frequently sponge the foliage. Thrips generally prove very troublesome, and a moderate fumigation is needful, dislodging the insects that may be secreted low down in the centre of the plant, shortly before the operation, by dropping a little weak tobacco water or sulphur among them.

=A. arcuatum= (curved).* _fl._ white; racemes from the axils of
the two-year-old leaves, two or three being produced from a single
growth, about 6in. long, arching. _l._ about 4in. long, and 3/4in.
broad. Natal. SYNS. _Listrostachys arcuata_. _A. (Listrostachys)
Sedeni_ comes close to the above species, but is excessively rare
in cultivation.

=A. bilobum= (two-lobed).* _fl._ white, with a tinge of rose, about
1-1/2in. in diameter; spur 2in. long, produced from the side of
the stem, just above the two-year-old leaves; racemes pendulous,
6in. or more long, bearing about a dozen flowers, which possess
a slight fragrance. October to December. _l._ 4in. long by 2in.
broad, two-lobed at the apex, about eight on a plant. Stem erect,
about 6in. high. Cape Coast, 1841. Should be grown in a basket.

=A. caudatum= (tailed). _fl._ greenish yellow, mixed with brown;
labellum pure white; spur thick, pale green, about 9in. long,
two-lobed at the lowest portion; racemes arching, 1ft. or more
long, produced from the base of the two-year-old leaves. Autumn.
_l._ pale green, drooping, about 10in. long by 1in. broad. _h._
1-1/2ft. Stem erect, or nearly so. Sierra Leone, 1834.

=A. cephalotes= (capitate).* _fl._ white. Tropical Africa, 1873.

=A. Chailluanum= (Chaillu's).* _fl._ white; sepals and petals
narrow, acute; spur yellowish green, 4in. or more long; racemes
pendulous, 8in. or 10in. long, about twelve medium sized flowers
produced from the side of the stem, just above the axils of
two-year-old leaves. _l._ 6in. long, 1-1/2in. broad, slightly
wavy, two-lobed at the apex, arranged in an imbricate manner. West
Africa, 1866. A rare species.

=A. Christyanum= (Christy's). A curious species, with yellow or
greenish-white flowers, having a much developed three-lobed lip.
The plant has the aspect of _A. arcuatum_. 1880.

=A. citratum= (citron-like).* _fl._ creamy white, or pale yellow,
nearly 1in. in diameter; spurs about 1-1/2in. long; racemes
three, on strong plants, produced from the axils of two-year-old
leaves, arched, about 1ft. long, bearing sometimes twenty flowers.
_l._ 4in. to 6in. long and 2in. broad, six or eight on a plant,
occupying about 1-1/2in. of stem. Madagascar, 1868. Habit compact;
stem nearly erect.

=A. distichum= (two-rowed-leaved). _fl._ whitish, 1/4in. across,
on one-flowered pedicels, which are produced from the axils of the
leaves. _l._ very short, closely imbricated, deep bright green.
_h._ 6in. Sierra Leone, 1834. A very neat growing little species,
and quite distinct.

=A. eburneum= (ivory-lipped).* _fl._ sepals and petals greenish
white; lip uppermost, white, very large; racemes about 18in. long,
from the axils of two-year-old leaves; footstalks erect, but
gradually becoming pendulous from the commencement of the flowers.
_l._ 20in. long by 2in. broad, light green, stiff. Madagascar,
1826. SYN. _Ærobion eburneum_. _A. virens_ is an inferior variety,
but _A. e. superbum_ surpasses the type in beauty; it is, however,
at present extremely rare.

=A. Ellisii= (Ellis's).* _fl._ pure white, fragrant, about 2in.
across, with narrow reflexed sepals and petals, the column
standing very prominent; spur pale brownish, 6in. to 8in.; racemes
frequently 2ft. long, on the side of the stem just above the axils
of the two-year-old leaves, bearing about twenty blossoms. _l._
dark green, 9in. or 10in. long, and 2in. broad, divided at the apex
into two unequal lobes. Madagascar, 1879.

=A. falcatum= (sickle-shaped).* _fl._ pure white, very fragrant;
spur upcurved, 2in. long; racemes from the axils of the
two-year-old leaves, short, bearing from two to five blooms. _l._
2in. to 4in. long, very narrow and fleshy, dark green. 1815.
An elegant little cool house species, and one of the smallest
belonging to this genus. It should be grown in peat, in a basket or
small pot suspended about 2ft. from the glass, but rather shaded.

=A. Kotschyi= (Kotschy's).* _fl._ yellowish white, perfume
similar to the common white pink, 1in. to 1-1/2in. across; spur
reddish-tinted, 6in. or 7in. long, distinguished by the two spiral
twistings; racemes from the axils of the lower leaves, 18in. long,
bearing about twelve blossoms. _l._ 6in. long by 3in. broad, of
which there are generally six or more on a good plant. Zanzibar,
1880. Should be grown in a basket, or on a cylindrical block of
teak wood.

=A. modestum= (modest).* _fl._ pure white, 1in. to 1-1/2in. across.
_l._ distichous, 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad,
elliptic or linear-oblong, acute, tip entire, pale bright green,
leathery, nerveless. Stem short. Madagascar, about 1880.

=A. pellucidum= (transparent).* _fl._ white, of a delicate
semi-transparent texture, and with a finely fringed labellum;
racemes from the axils of the lowest leaves, hanging
perpendicularly from the stems, about 1ft. long, bearing thirty
to forty blossoms. _l._ 12in. long by 2in. or 3in. broad. Sierra
Leone, 1842. Must be grown in a suspended basket.

=A. pertusum= (broken).* _fl._ pure white; spur comparatively
short, with a well-marked yellow tinge; racemes from the axils of
two-year-old leaves, horizontal, or slightly nodding, 6in. to 7in.
long, with from forty to sixty densely packed, small blossoms. _l._
dark green, arching, 10in. long by 1in. broad. _h._ 1ft. Sierra
Leone, 1836. Very distinct and attractive.

=A. Scottianum= (Scott's).* _fl._ pure white, very delicate in
texture, the lip is uppermost, 1in. or more across; spur narrow,
yellowish, 3in. to 4in. long; peduncle slender, a little longer
than the spur, usually but one-flowered. _l._ narrow, terete--thus
differing from most of its congeners--tapering or awl-shaped, about
4in. long, 1/8in. to 1/4in. in diameter, channelled in the upper
surface and ridged below. Comoro Islands, 1878.

=A. Sedeni= (Seden's). A rare form of _A. arcuatum_.

=A. sesquipedale= (foot-and-a-half).* _fl._ beautiful ivory white,
on stout, solitary, axillary peduncles, with sepals and petals
spreading out like rays, from 6in. to 8in. across; the whip-like
spur or nectary hangs down from the labellum, often from 10in. to
18in. long. November, December, and January, and lasts about three
weeks in beauty. _l._ dark green, distichous, about 10in. long.
_h._ 1ft. Madagascar, 1823. It is one of the grandest of winter
flowering orchids.

=A. virens= (green). An inferior variety of _A. eburneum_.

=ANGULAR.= Having angles, or forming angles.