Chapter M: A. S. Salm-Dyck. Monographia generum Aloes et Mesembryanthemi (4)

=A. cristatum= (crested). _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect,
tomentose. _fronds_ 1-1/2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 12in. broad,
with a terminal central pinna 6in. to 9in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in.
broad, and numerous rather distant lateral ones on each side, the
lowest of which are sometimes again branched; segments 1/2in. to
3/4in. long, 1/4in. to 3/8in. broad, dimidiate, the lower line
nearly straight, the upper nearly parallel or rounded, the point
blunt. _sori_ in several oblong or linear patches. West Indies and
Venezuela, 1844. Stove species. SYN. _A. Kunzeanum_.

=A. cubense= (Cuba).* _sti._ 4in. to 8in. long, nearly black,
erect. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, simply
pinnate, or with a single pair of short branches; pinnæ 1in. to
2in. long, and about 3/4in. to 1in. broad, unilateral, the lower
line slightly recurved, the upper rounded and broadly lobed, of
a deep green colour, with a soft herbaceous texture. _sori_ in
hollows of the lobes. Cuba and Jamaica. A very distinct stove
species.

=A. cuneatum= (wedge-shaped).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, slender,
erect. _fronds_ 9in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid,
tri- or quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 4in. to 6in. long, 2in. to 3in.
broad; segments numerous, 1/4in. to 3/8in. broad, cuneate at the
base, the upper edge deeply lobed. _sori_ four to six, obversely
reniform. Brazil, 1820. This fine greenhouse species is more
generally grown than any other; and a number of garden forms have
received distinctive names.

=A. c. dissectum= (dissected).* A pretty variety, with the pinnules
more deeply lobed than in the type.

=A. c. Lawsonianum= (Lawson's). This is a very abnormal form,
curiously and finely cut, with the ultimate segments narrowly
cuneate at the base, stalked, and distant. Of garden origin.
Greenhouse variety.

=A. c. mundulum= (neat).* _sti._ 3in. to 4in. high. _fronds_ dwarf,
tufted, erect, hardly 3in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnæ and
pinnules crowded; pinnules narrowly cuneate, rarely three-parted,
with narrow wedge-shaped lobes; apex slightly crenate, and bears a
roundish sorus set in a notch of the lobe or crenature. Of garden
origin, 1879. Greenhouse variety.

=A. Cunninghami= (Cunningham's). Synonymous with _A. affine_.

=A. curvatum= (curved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_
dichotomous, with main divisions again once or twice forked;
pinnæ 8in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; pinnules 1-1/4in.
to 1-1/2in. long, about 1/2in. deep, not truly dimidiate, but
only the lower two-thirds of the under half cut away, the upper
margin rounded and broadly lobed, with the lobes finely toothed and
point often lengthened out. _sori_ linear, or transversely oblong.
Tropical America, 1841. Stove species.

=A. decorum= (decorous).* _sti._ 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_
sub-deltoid, 9in. to 15in. long, three to four pinnate; lower
pinnæ and pinnules stalked, deltoid; side segments rhomboid,
1/4in. to 3/8in. long; outer edge distinctly lobed; lower segments
equilateral, imbricated over main rachis. _sori_ round, in final
lobes, four to six to a segment. This greenhouse species ranks
midway between _A. concinnum_ and _A. cuneatum_. Peru. SYN. _A.
Wagneri_. See Fig. 27.

=A. deltoideum= (deltoid).* _sti._ densely tufted, 3in. to 4in.
long, wiry, erect. _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, 3/4in. broad,
with a terminal lobe and numerous sub-opposite pinnæ, the lower
ones distant, distinctly stalked, 1/2in. long, 1/4in. to 3/8in.
broad, hastate-deltoid, cordate or cuneate at the base. _sori_
in interrupted lines along the sides of the pinnæ. West Indian
Islands. Stove species.

=A. diaphanum= (transparent).* _sti._ 4in. to 8in. long, slender,
erect. _fronds_ 6in. to 7in. long, simply pinnate, or with one to
three branches at the base; pinnules 1/2in. long, 1/4in. broad,
the lower line rather decurved, the upper nearly parallel with
it, crenate like the blunt outer edge. _sori_ obversely reniform,
numerous. S.E. China, New Zealand, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN. _A.
setulosum_. See Fig. 28.

=A. digitatum= (finger-leaved).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long, erect.
_fronds_ 1ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 1ft. 6in. broad, furnished with
numerous distant spreading or erecto-patent branches, gradually
shortened upwards, the lowest of which are branched again; lower
pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad; segments 3/4in. to
1in. each way, varying from deflexed to cuneate at the base, the
upper edge rounded, deeply cut, and the lobes again less deeply
cut, the lower ones distinctly stalked. _sori_ in lines along the
edge of the lobes. Peru. It is generally cultivated under the name
of _A. speciosum_. Stove or greenhouse species.

=A. dolabriforme= (axe-shaped). Synonymous with _A. lunulatum_.

=A. dolosum= (deceiving). Synonymous with _A. Wilsoni_.

=A. Edgworthii= (Edgeworth's).* This differs from _caudatum_ by
having more membranous texture, glabrous surfaces, and sub-entire
pinnæ. Himalaya and China.

=A. emarginatum= (notched at the end). Synonymous with _A.
æthiopicum_.

=A. excisum= (bluntly cut).* _sti._ 2in. to 3in. long, wiry,
densely tufted. _fronds_ 6in. to 18in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad,
with numerous flexuose short pinnæ on each side, the lowest of
which are slightly branched again; segments two to three lines
broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded and bluntly
lobed. _sori_ two to four, large, obversely reniform, placed in
distinct hollows on the lobes. Chili.

=A. e. Leyi= (Ley's).* This is a very dwarf, copiously crested
form, of garden origin, most suitable for case culture. Greenhouse
variety.

=A. e. multifidum= (much-cut).* A handsome garden variety; the apex
of every frond is frequently divided into several branches, which
oftentimes are again divided and crested, thus forming a beautiful
tassel 2in. to 3in. long. Greenhouse species.

=A. Feei= (Fee's).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long, strong, scandent.
_fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 1ft. or more broad, tripinnate, the
main and secondary rachises zigzag, all the branches firm and
spreading at a right angle; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to
4in. broad; pinnules 1in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. broad, consisting of
a terminal segment and several distant suborbicular-cuneate lateral
ones. _sori_ marginal, roundish, more than half line deep. Tropical
America. Stove species. SYN. _A. flexuosum_.

=A. flabellulatum= (small fan-leaved).* _sti._ erect, strong.
_fronds_ dichotomously branched, and the divisions once or twice
branched again; central pinnæ 4in. to 8in. long, 3/4in. broad;
pinnules about 1/4in. broad and deep, dimidiate, the lower edge
nearly straight, the upper rounded, the outer blunt, both entire or
slightly toothed. _sori_ in several transversely oblong notches.
Tropical Asia. Stove species. SYN. _A. amœnum_.

=A. flexuosum= (zigzagly-bent). Synonymous with _A. Feei_.

=A. formosum= (beautiful).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long, strong,
erect. _fronds_ 18in. to 24in. long, 12in. to 18in. broad, bi-,
tri-, or quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 12in. to 15in. long, 6in. to
9in. broad, deltoid; pinnules deltoid; ultimate segments 1/4in.
to 3/8in. broad, one and a half to two lines deep, dimidiate, the
lower edge straight, the upper and outer rather rounded and deeply
lobed, the lower ones distinctly stalked. _sori_ numerous, between
obreniform and transversely oblong. Australia, 1820. Greenhouse
species.

=A. fovearum.= Synonymous with _A. intermedium_.

=A. fulvum= (tawny).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, strong, erect.
_fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad, deltoid in general
outline, with a terminal pinna 4in. to 6in. long, about 1-1/2in.
broad, and several erecto-patent branches, the lower of which are
branched again; pinnules about 3/4in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate,
the lower edge nearly straight, the upper almost parallel, sharply
toothed like the oblique outer edge. _sori_ large, numerous. New
Zealand. Greenhouse species.

=A. Ghiesbreghti= (Ghiesbreght's).* _fronds_ 18in. to 30in. long,
ovate, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnules large, slightly crenate on
the margins. A very fine stove fern, with the habit of _A. tenerum
Farleyense_, but less dense. It is undoubtedly a variety of
_tenerum_, having originated in Mr. Williams's nursery some years
since. SYN. _A. scutum_.

=A. glaucophyllum= (grey-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long,
erect. _fronds_ 12in. to 24in. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, deltoid,
quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad,
deltoid, erecto-patent; segments 1/4in. broad, cuneate at the base,
the upper edge irregularly rounded, more or less lobed. _sori_ four
to six, obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows in the apex
of the lobes of the upper edge, deep green above, glaucous beneath.
Closely allied to _A. cuneatum_. Mexico. Greenhouse. SYNS. _A.
amabile_, _A. andicolum_, _A. mexicanum_.

=A. gracillimum= (most graceful).* _fronds_ deltoidly ovate, 9in.
to 24in. long, and 6in. to 10in. across, decompound, rich green;
ultimate pinnules distant, minute, distinctly stalked, obovate,
emarginate, or two to three lobed, the sterile lobes blunt. _sori_
solitary on the entire pinnules, two to three on the larger lobed
ones. One of the most graceful and beautiful of greenhouse ferns;
the very numerous minute segments and the ramifications of the
rachis impart to a well grown plant a very charming appearance. Of
garden origin. A form of _A. cuneatum_.

=A. Henslovianum= (Henslow's).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long,
erect. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, ovate,
tripinnate, furnished with numerous distant pinnæ on each side,
the upper of which are simple, but the lowest slightly branched;
segments 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, 1/4in. to 3/8in. deep, dimidiate,
the lower line nearly straight, the upper rather rounded and lobed,
the point bluntly rounded. _sori_ obversely reniform, placed in the
hollows of the lobes. Columbia, Peru, &c., 1833. A most distinct
and beautiful stove species. SYNS. _A. lætum_, _A. Reichenbachii_,
_A. sessilifolium_.

=A. Hewardia= (Heward's). _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, erect. _fronds_
simply pinnate or bipinnate, with a terminal pinna and two to four
lateral ones on each side, the lowest pair of which sometimes with
two to four pinnules each; pinnules 3in. to 4in. long, about 1in.
broad, nearly equal sided, ovate lanceolate, nearly entire. _sori_
in continuous lines along both edges. Jamaica, &c., occurring over
a wide area. Stove species. SYN. _Hewardia adiantoides_.

=A. hispidulum= (hairyish).* _sti._ 6in. to 15in. long, strong,
erect. _fronds_ dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately
branched; central pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 1/2in. to 1in. broad;
pinnules 3/8in. to 3/4in. long, two to four lines broad, dimidiate,
subrhomboidal, the outer edge bluntly rounded, upper and outer
margin finely toothed, slightly stalked. _sori_ roundish, numerous,
contiguous. Tropics of Old World, 1822. Greenhouse. SYN. _A.
pubescens_.

=A. intermedium= (intermediate). _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, erect,
strong. _fronds_ with a terminal pinna 6in. to 9in. long, 2in.
to 3in. broad, and one to three small spreading lateral ones on
each side; pinnules 1in. to 1-1/2in. long; 1/4in. to 1/2in. broad,
unequal sided, but not dimidiate, the point bluntish or acute,
the inner edge nearly parallel with the stem, the upper nearly
straight, scarcely toothed. _sori_ in interrupted marginal patches,
one to two lines across, placed round the upper and lower edges.
Stove. Tropical America, from the Antilles southwards to Peru and
Rio Janeiro, 1824. SYNS. _A. fovearum_, _A. triangulatum_.

=A. Kunzeanum= (Kunze's). Synonymous with _A. cristatum_.

=A. lætum= (joyful). Synonymous with _A. Henslovianum_.

=A. Lathomi= (Lathom's).* A garden variety, said to be a sport from
_A. Ghiesbreghti_, which it closely resembles, being between it and
_A. Farleyense_. It is a magnificent plant, producing _fronds_ from
18in. to 24in. long, with imbricated deeply-cut pinnules. Stove
variety.

=A. Legrandi= (Legrand's). Very closely allied to, if not identical
with, _A. Pecottei_. Greenhouse variety, of garden origin.

=A. Lindeni= (Linden's).* _sti._ black, naked. _fronds_ erect,
large, pentagonal, tripinnate; rachises pubescent above, naked
beneath; segments sub-distant, 1-1/2in. long, oblong-rhomboidal,
falcate, acuminate, outer margins closely but bluntly lobed, of a
deep green colour, the lobes toothed. _sori_ oblong or reniform.
Amazons, 1866. A magnificent stove species.

=A. lucidum= (shiny).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, strong, erect.
_fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, simply pinnate,
with a large terminal pinna and six to ten lateral ones on each
side, or the lowest very slightly branched, 3in. to 4in. long,
1/2in. to 1in. broad, nearly equal sided, lanceolate acuminate,
slightly serrated towards the point. _sori_ in a continuous row
along each side. West Indian Islands and Tropical America. Stove
species.

=A. Luddemannianum= (Luddemann's).* A very striking variety of
the common Maidenhair, _A. Capillus-Veneris_, of garden origin,
with smooth, dark, almost black stipes, branching about a third
of the way up, while the pinnules are crested, usually clustered,
at the extremities of the branches, of a deep green, sub-glaucous
character. It is a very elegant little greenhouse variety. See Fig.
29.

=A. lunulatum= (crescent-leaved).* _sti._ 4in. to 6in. long,
tufted, wiry. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad,
simply pinnate; pinnæ 3/4in. to 1in. broad, 1/2in. to 1in. deep,
sub-dimidiate, the lower edge nearly in a line with the petiole,
the upper edge rounded and, like the sides, usually more or less
lobed. _sori_ in continuous lines along the edge. Hongkong, &c.,
widely distributed in both hemispheres. Stove species. SYN. _A.
dolabriforme_.

=A. macrocladum= (long-branched). Synonymous with _A. polyphyllum_.

=A. macrophyllum= (long-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long,
strong, erect, nearly black. _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, 4in. to
8in. broad, simply pinnate; the lower pinnæ of the barren frond
3in. to 4in. long, 2in. broad, ovate, so broad at the base that the
opposite ones frequently overlap, the margin rather deeply lobed;
fertile ones narrower. _sori_ in long continuous, or slightly
interrupted, marginal lines. Tropical America, 1793. One of the
finest stove species in cultivation.

=A. macropterum= (long-winged). Synonymous with _A. Wilsoni_.

=A. mexicanum= (Mexican). Synonymous with _A. glaucophyllum_.

=A. microphyllum= (short-leaved). A synonym of _A. venustum_.

=A. monochlamys= (one-covered).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, wiry,
erect, dark, chestnut brown; _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to
6in. broad, ovate-deltoid, tripinnate, the pinnæ rather distantly
placed; segments 1/4in. broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge
rounded, slightly toothed, of a light green colour, with a firm
texture. _sori_ single, or very rarely two, in a hollow of the
upper edge. Japan. A very distinct and pretty greenhouse species.

=A. monosorum= (uni-soriate). A pretty species, from Solomon
Islands, not yet in cultivation.

=A. Moorei= (Moore's).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ deltoid,
6in. to 15in. long, two to three pinnate; side segments about
1/2in. long, rhomboid, lower edge deflexed from tip of pedicel,
outer lobed half way down. _sori_ round, placed in tip of lobes.
Andes of Peru. Stove or greenhouse species. SYN. _A. amabile_,
under which name it is frequently grown.

=A. Moritzianum= (Moritz's). This appears to be a stronger, more
robust grower (fronds from 12in. to 18in. high), with thicker
stipes and larger pinnules than the typical _A. Capillus-Veneris_.
South America. Greenhouse species.

=A. neoguineense= (New Guinea).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long, chestnut
brown, erect. _fronds_ spreading, deltoid, tri-quadripinnate, dark
olive green with a glaucous tinge on both surfaces; pinnæ ovate;
terminal pinnules cuneate, lateral ones trapezoid, about 1/2in.
long, crenately lobed, the lobes rather large, entire. _sori_
small, 6in. to 8in., orbicular, entirely sunk in closed sinuses of
the marginal lobes. New Guinea, 1877. A very charming stove species.

=A. obliquum= (oblique). _sti._ 3in. to 6in. long, erect, wiry,
pubescent. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, with
a terminal lobe and three to twelve pairs of alternate pinnæ, the
lowest 1in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, costate nearly
to the apex, the upper half the largest, rounded at the base, the
lower half obliquely truncate at the base, those of the barren
frond slightly toothed. _sori_ in numerous interrupted marginal
patches, one to two lines broad. West Indies, &c., 1826. Stove
species.

=A. palmatum= (palmate).* _fronds_ with elongated zigzag rachises,
elongate-oblong, narrowed to the apex, tripinnate, often reaching
3-1/2ft. long, 10in. broad; pinnules distinct; ultimate segments
large, smooth, distant, distinctly stipitate, varying from obovate
wedge-shaped to semi-orbicular in outline, but all deeply,
palmately cut, 1in. to 1-3/4in. broad. _sori_ oblong, variable in
length, situate at the tips of the segments, usually one to each.
This is a very beautiful and graceful stove or greenhouse species.
Peru, 1877.

=A. patens= (spreading). _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, erect. _fronds_
dichotomously divided and the branches once or twice divided again;
central pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 1-1/2in. broad; pinnules 1/2in. to
3/4in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate, the two sides nearly parallel,
the upper and outer ones broadly and bluntly lobed. _sori_ placed
round the upper and outer edge, obversely reniform. Brazil, &c.,
1824. Stove species.

=A. Pecottei= (Pecot's).* This is a charming little variety, of
garden origin, with short decompound fronds, imbricated segments,
comparatively large, of a deep green colour, and likely to prove
one of the most useful maidenhair ferns grown.

=A. pedatum= (pedate).* _sti._ 9in. to 24in. long, erect, polished.
_fronds_ dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately
branched; central pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad;
pinnules 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate, broadest
on the side nearest the stem, the upper and outer margin lobed,
shortly stalked. _sori_ roundish, one to two lines broad. North
Hindostan, the United States, &c. Hardy species. See Fig. 30.

=A. peruvianum= (Peruvian).* _sti._ 9in. to 18in. long, strong,
erect. _fronds_ simply pinnate, or with one to three branches at
the base, some of the latter sometimes again slightly divided;
pinnules 2in. or more broad, 1-1/2in. deep, unequally ovate,
cuneate at base, finely toothed and lobed round the upper and
outer edge. _sori_ in interrupted patches round the sides of the
pinnules. Peru. This is one of the finest of the large growing,
evergreen stove kinds.

=A. polyphyllum= (many-leaved).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long,
strong, erect. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 12in. to 18in. broad,
the upper part simply pinnate; lower pinnæ sometimes 1ft. long;
6in. broad, with a long terminal and numerous lateral pinnules;
segments 3/4in. to 1in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate, with nearly
parallel edges, the point obtuse, the upper edge sharply toothed.
_sori_ in numerous sub-orbicular patches, placed in hollows in
lobes along the upper edge. Columbia. A magnificent stove species.
SYNS. _A. cardiochlæna_ and _A. macrocladum_.

=A. populifolium= (poplar-leaved). A synonym of _A. Seemanni_.

=A. princeps= (princely).* _sti._ 9in. to 12in. long, stout,
nearly erect. _fronds_ large, 12in. to 24in. long, 9in. to 18in.
across the base, deltoid, pendent, quadripinnate, pale greyish;
lower pinnæ obliquely elongate, triangular, the posterior side
tripinnate, the anterior bipinnate; upper ones pinnate, with
a large cuneately flabellate terminal pinnule, apex of fronds
pinnate; pinnules 1in. long, 3/4in. broad, roundish rhomboidal or
shortly trapeziform, shortly stalked; basal margin entire, slightly
concave, the anterior margins and apex lobate, the lobes serrulate
in the sterile parts, and, where fertile, bearing each a concave
sorus, so that the lobes appear two-horned. New Grenada, 1875. A
magnificent stove species.

=A. prionophyllum= (saw-leaved). Synonymous with _A. tetraphyllum_.

=A. pubescens= (downy). Synonymous with _A. hispidulum_.

=A. pulverulentum= (covered with powder).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in.
long, strong, erect; _fronds_ with a terminal pinna and several
spreading lateral ones on each side, which are 4in. to 8in. long,
1in. broad; pinnules 1/2in. long, one and a half to two lines deep,
dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight, the upper one nearly
parallel, both it and the outer edge finely toothed. _sori_ in a
continuous line along the lower and upper edges. West Indies, &c.
Stove species.

=A. Reichenbachii= (Reichenbach's). Synonymous with _A.
Henslovianum_.

=A. reniforme= (kidney-shaped).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 9in. long.
_fronds_ simple, orbicular, reniform, of a deep green colour,
1-1/2in. to 2-1/2in. across, with usually a broad, open sinus.
_sori_ all around the edge, one and a half to three lines broad.
Madeira, &c., 1699. Greenhouse species.

=A. r. asarifolium= (asarum-leaved). A rather larger growing
variety of above species.

=A. rhomboideum= (rhomboid). S. America, 1820. Probably identical
with _A. villosum_.

=A. rubellum= (reddish).* _sti._ 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 4in.
to 6in. long, deltoid, bipinnate; uppermost side of the pinnules
cuneate, flabellate, nearly sessile, entire; lower rhomboid 1/2in.
long, with lower border in a line with petiole, or rather decurved,
inner produced over rachis, outer deeply lobed and finely toothed;
end and lowest pinnules deltoid, 1/2in. broad. _sori_ round, placed
in the tips of the lobes. This pretty species is purplish crimson
when in a young state, changing to light green with age, but even
then tinged with pink. Allied to _A. tinctum_ and _A. decorum_.
Bolivia, 1868. Greenhouse species.

=A. scutum= (shield). Synonymous with _A. Ghiesbreghti_.

=A. Seemanni= (Seemann's).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, erect.
_fronds_ 9in. to 20in. long, simply pinnate or the lower pinnæ
compound; pinnæ 3in. to 4in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, ovate,
acuminate; but rather unequally sided, the barren ones finely
serrated, one side usually cordate at the base, the other obliquely
truncate, petioles of the lowest, nearly an inch long. _sori_ in
long continuous marginal lines. This is a very fine and distinct
stove species. Central America, 1868. SYNS. _A. populifolium_, _A.
Zahnii_ (of gardens).

=A. sessilifolium= (sessile-leaved). Synonymous with _A.
Henslovianum_.

=A. setulosum= (bristly). Synonymous with _A. diaphanum_.

=A. speciosum= (showy). Synonymous with _A. digitatum_.

=A. subvolubile= (somewhat twining). _fronds_ subscandent, 2ft.
to 4ft. long, oblong, tripinnate, 6in. to 8in. broad, with naked
glossy castaneous stipes and zigzag rachises; central pinnæ
lanceolate, with a few short spreading pinnules; side pinnules
rhomboidal, about 1/4in. long, lower edge in a line with petiole,
or deflexed, inner end touching or wrapped over rachis, outer
shallowly lobed; lowest pinnules equilateral, much wrapped over
rachis. _sori_ minute, round, six to twelve to a segment. E. Peru.
Stove species.

=A. tenerum= (tender).* _sti._ 1ft. or more high, erect. _fronds_
1ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad, deltoid, tri- or
quadripinnate; segments 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, cuneate or tending
towards rhomboidal, dimidiate in shape, the upper edge rounder or
somewhat angular, broadly and deeply lobed, all stalked. _sori_
placed in numerous roundish patches in the lobes of the upper half.
Mexico, &c., widely distributed. Stove species.

=A. t. Farleyense= (Farley's).* A subfertile, subcristate
variety of the foregoing; but, is, nevertheless, one of the most
magnificent of Adiantums. It is nearly always known under the name
of _A. Farleyense_. Barbados, 1865. Stove variety.

=A. tetraphyllum= (four-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long,
strong, erect. _fronds_ nearly as broad as long, with a terminal
pinna 6in. to 9in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, and numerous
spreading lateral ones; segments 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, 1/4in.
deep, subdimidiate, the lower line straight or somewhat decurved,
the upper nearly parallel, finely toothed, the outer oblique.
_sori_ interrupted, marginal. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN.
_A. prionophyllum_.

=A. t. Hendersoni= (Henderson's). A stove variety with small blunt
pinnules.

=A. tinctum= (tinted).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 6in.
to 12in. long, deltoid, bipinnate; side pinnules rhomboid, three
to four lines long, lower edge straight, inner parallel with
rachis, or just wrapped over it, outer shallowly, bluntly lobed;
lower pinnules equilateral, imbricated over main rachis; surfaces
glabrous, when young of a delicate rose red colour, changing to
a bright green. _sori_ round, placed in final lobes. Tropical
America. Stove or greenhouse species.

=A. trapeziforme= (rhomb-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, firm,
erect. _fronds_ 12in. to 24in. long, with a central pinna 4in. to
8in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, and two to four large spreading
ones on each side, the lowest of which are often branched again;
segments 1-1/2in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, dimidiate,
the sides nearly parallel, the outer edge oblique, both it and the
upper one bluntly lobed, the lowest on stalks 1/4in. to 1/2in.
long. _sori_ numerous, contiguous, placed round the upper and outer
edge. West Indies, 1793. Stove species.

=A. t. cultratum= (sharpened).* Outer edge of the segment bluntly
rounded.

=A. t. pentadactylon= (five-fingered). Lower margin of the segments
somewhat decurved obliquely from the petiole.

=A. t. Sanctæ Catherinæ= (of gardens).* This is a deeply cut,
rather copiously divided variety of _A. trapeziforme_.

=A. t. S. C. Funcki= (Funck's).* A deeply lobed, drooping variety,
of garden origin.

=A. triangulatum= (triangle-leaved). Synonymous with _A.
intermedium_.

=A. varium= (various). Probably identical with _A. villosum_.

=A. Veitchianum= (Veitch's).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_
9in. to 18in. long, deltoid, bipinnate in lower half, reddish when
young; side pinnules rhomboid, about 1/2in. long, lower border
straight, more or less deflexed from tip of pedicel, inner distant
from rachis, upper and outer shallowly lobed; end segments 1/2in.
to 3/4in. broad, equilateral, rounded in upper, deltoid in lower
half. _sori_ eight to ten to a segment, round, minute. Peruvian
Andes, 1868. A very elegant and distinct stove species.

=A. velutinum= (velvety).* _sti._ as long as fronds, slightly
velvety. _fronds_ deltoid, 1-1/2ft. to 2ft. long, three to four
pinnate; rachises densely pubescent on both sides; pinnæ 6in.
to 9in. long; segments twenty to thirty-jugate, sub-sessile,
sub-rhomboidal, 1in. long, 1/2in. broad, lower border decurved,
outer blunt or sub-acute, upper straight, shallowly, bluntly lobed.
_sori_ straight, one to one and a half lines long at tips of
lobes of upper edge, four to six to a segment. Columbia, 1866. A
magnificent stove species.

=A. venustum= (charming).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, wiry, erect,
glossy. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid,
tri-quadripinnate; ultimate segments about 1/4in. across, cuneate
at the base, the upper edge rounded, and usually finely toothed,
of a light green colour, with a firm texture. _sori_ one to three,
roundish; in hollows of the upper edge. Himalayas, up to 8000ft.
Greenhouse or frame, nearly hardy in sheltered places. SYN. _A.
microphyllum_.

=A. villosum= (hairy stalked).* _sti._ 9in. to 12in. long, strong,
erect. _fronds_ with a terminal central and several spreading pinnæ
on each side, 6in. to 12in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad; pinnules
dimidiate, about 1in. long, 1/2in. broad, the lower line nearly
straight, the upper edge nearly parallel with it, but considerably
larger, slightly toothed, and the outer edge auriculed at the base.
_sori_ in a continuous line round the upper and outer edge. West
Indies, &c., 1775. Stove species.

=A. Wagneri= (Wagner's). Synonymous with _A. decorum_.

=A. Wilesianum= (Wiles's). Synonymous with _A. crenatum_.

=A. Williamsii= (Williams's).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long. _fronds_
9in. to 18in. long, tripinnate, triangular; pinnæ ovate, distant,
pinnules sub-rotund, slightly trapeziform, the basal line rather
concave, the margin entire or slightly undulated, or divided into
three to four lobes, crenately notched between the _sori_, the
sterile portions with an erose diaphanous margin. _sori_ eight
to ten, elongate reniform or lunate, occupying the whole of the
semicircular outer edge. Mountains of Peru, 1877. In a young state,
the stipes and fronds are dusted with a yellow powder. This is one
of the most beautiful of the Maidenhair ferns. Greenhouse species.

=A. Wilsoni= (Wilson's).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, erect.
_fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate,
with a large terminal pinna and two to six sub-sessile lateral ones
on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire. _sori_ in
continuous lines along both edges. Jamaica. Stove species. SYNS.
_A. dolosum_, _A. macropterum_.

=A. Zahnii= (Zahn's). Synonymous with _A. Seemanni_.

=ADIKE.= A synonym of =Pilea= (which _see_).

=ADINA= (from _adinos_, crowded; in reference to the flowers being disposed in heads). ORD. _Rubiaceæ_. A very pretty evergreen cool stove shrub, with opposite terete branches, and solitary, axillary peduncles. It thrives in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. Propagated by cuttings, inserted in a rich, loamy soil, under a hand glass, in heat.

=A. globifera= (globe-bearing).* _fl._ yellowish, sessile, crowded,
collected into globose heads; corolla funnel-shaped; peduncles
axillary, rarely terminal, solitary. July. _l._ lanceolate,
glabrous, longer than the peduncles. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. China, 1804.

=ADLUMIA= (from _adlumino_, to fringe with purple; flowers bordered with purple). ORD. _Fumariaceæ_. An interesting, delicate, and nearly hardy climber from North America. Flowers with four spongy, cohering petals. A warm, good soil is most suitable; sow seeds about May in a shady spot. It is a biennial, but in favourable spots is self-sowing, and thus may be treated as a perennial. If placed either against a wall or in the open it is a pretty subject for trailing over a shrub or twiggy branch. From its fragile character, it can only be seen to the best advantage under glass.

=A. cirrhosa= (tendrilled).* _fl._ pale rose-coloured, about
1/2in. long; peduncles axillary, generally four-flowered. June.
_l._ triply pinnate, pale green. _h._ 15ft. 1788. The Maidenhair
fern-like leaves are borne in profusion on the slender twining
stems. SYN. _Corydalis fungosa_.

=ADNATE.= Grown to anything by the whole surface; anthers are said to be Adnate when they are attached to the filaments by their whole length.

=ADONIS= (name of classical derivation). ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. Handsome hardy herbaceous plants. Flowers solitary, terminal; petals five to fifteen. Leaves divided into numerous linear segments. Some of the annuals are much inferior to the perennial species. The latter section constitute very ornamental subjects for rockwork, borders, margins of shrubberies, &c. All the species will grow freely in common soil, and are propagated by seeds. The perennials may be divided at the root.

=A. æstivalis= (summer).* Pheasant's Eye. _fl._ deep crimson;
petals flat, oblong, obtuse, one-half longer than the calyx. June.
Stem almost simple, elongated. _h._ 1ft. South Europe, 1629.
Annual. See Figs. 31 and 32.

=A. autumnalis= (autumnal).* Pheasant's Eye; Red Morocco. _fl._ of
an intense blood-red, with a black centre, rarely pale, globose
from the six to eight concave conniving petals, which are scarcely
larger than the calyx. May. Stems branched. _h._ 1ft. Britain.
Annual.

=A. pyrenaica= (Pyrenean).* _fl._ almost sessile, yellow; petals
eight to ten, smaller and more obtuse than in _A. vernalis_.
July. _l._, lower ones on long stalks, with trifid petioles and
many-parted segments; upper ones sessile, multifid, with linear
very entire lobules. Stem 1ft. or more high, and usually much
branched. Pyrenees, 1817. Perennial.

=A. vernalis= (spring).* _fl._ yellow, large; petals, ten to
twelve, oblong, rather denticulated. March. _l._ lower ones
abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, the middle and
upper ones sessile and multifid, with very entire lobes. _h._ 9in.
to 1ft. Europe, 1629. Charming rock plant. This handsome species
requires a rich moist sandy loam, and should not be disturbed for
years. Perennial.

=A. v. sibirica= (Siberian) differs only in having larger flowers.

=A. volgensis= (Volga). An intermediate species between _A.
vernalis_ and _A. pyrenaica_, differing from the first in the stems
being branched, leaves more distant; from the last by the lower
leaves being abortive, and formed like scales; and from both in the
sepals being pubescent on the outside, not smooth. _fl._ yellow.
_h._ 1ft. Russia, 1818.

=ADPRESSED.= Brought into close contact with anything without adhering.

=ADULT.= The full grown of anything. Full grown leaves are termed adult.

=ADVENTITIOUS.= Developed in an unusual position. Applied to buds, roots, &c.

=ADVENTURE BAY PINE.= _See_ _Phyllocladus rhomboidalis_.

=ADVERSE.= Opposite.

=ÆCHMEA= (from _aichme_, a point; in reference to the rigid points on the calyces, or flower-envelopes). Including _Pironneaua_. ORD. _Bromeliaceæ_. Very handsome stove plants. Flowers scapose, panicled; perianth six-cleft, three outer segments sepaloid, longer than the three inner or petaloid ones. Leaves ligulate or sword-shaped, sometimes with marginal spines. The species thrive best in a well-drained compost of rich fibrous loam and leaf mould. They like plenty of light, which may be afforded by standing them on inverted pots, so as to raise their heads well up above the surrounding plants. Propagation: When the flower-spikes, which are sent up from the heart or crown of the plant, die away, suckers or offsets are produced near the base, and from these other flowers appear the year after. If large plants are desired, these suckers should be left to grow and spread around; but to produce single plants, the suckers must be taken off and potted singly, in sharp soil, and then stood where they can get a moist heat till rooted. To enable them to do this it is necessary to strip off a few of the lower leaves, and trim the bottom with a sharp knife, in order that it may heal over and callus more readily than it otherwise would. When rooted, the plants may be shifted into larger-sized pots; but for single crowns 32-sized pots are large enough, as the plants, being epiphytal in their nature, do not require much soil or any great supply of water, except when growing freely or sending up their flower-spikes. In winter, they should be kept rather on the dry side, to induce partial rest; and an important point is to see that water is not allowed to lie for any length of time in the crown of the plant, as when that is the case it is likely to cause them to rot.

=Æ. calyculata= (calycled).* _fl._ bright yellow, tubular, with red
bracts, borne in close roundish heads at the top of an erect scape.
_l._ strap-shaped, with the ends having the appearance of being cut
off, but armed with a sharp spine. _h._ 9in. Brazil, 1862. SYN.
_Hoplophytum calyculatum_.

=Æ. cœlestis= (heavenly blue).* _fl._ sky-blue, in close pyramidal
panicles, on erect snipes. Winter. _l._ ligulate, concave,
spiny-edged, scaly beneath. Brazil, 1874. SYN. _Hoplophytum
cœleste_.

=Æ. cœrulescens= (bluish). _fl._ bluish. _h._ 1ft. South America,
1870. This pretty species is very attractive on account of the
large dense head of deep blue and pure white berries which are
produced in October. SYN. _Lamprococcus cœrulescens_.

=Æ. discolor= (two-coloured-leaved).* _fl._ scarlet, borne on a
loose, branched panicle. June. _l._ broad, minutely toothed on the
margin, deep green above, and rather purplish beneath. _h._ 2ft.
Brazil, 1844.

=Æ. distichantha= (two-ranked-flowered).* _fl._ sepals
rose-coloured; petals bright purple; spikes densely clothed with
bright red bracts. _l._ long, glaucous, linear-oblong, tapering to
a sharp point, and distinctly armed with reddish brown spines. _h._
1ft. South Brazil, 1852. SYN. _Billbergia polystachya_.

=Æ. exudans= (exuding). _fl._ orange-coloured (exuding a white
greasy substance, whence the specific name) interspersed with
green bracts; scape erect, with scattered crimson lanceolate
bracts, terminating in a dense head. _l._ oblong, spine-margined,
grey-coated. _h._ 2ft. West Indies, 1824. SYN. _Hohenbergia
capitata_.

=Æ. fasciata= (banded).* _fl._ scape upright, clothed with leafy
bracts of a rosy-pink colour; each of the pink blossoms in
the dense conical head is subtended by a narrow, spiny-edged,
similarly-coloured bract, longer than its own. _l._ broad,
recurved, banded with white. Rio Janeiro, 1826. SYN. _Billbergia
fasciata_. Lasts in perfection for a considerable length of time.

=Æ. fulgens= (glowing).* _fl._ deep rich red, with a bluish tip,
fifty or more in a large branching panicle; scape stout, erect,
scarlet. August, September. _l._ somewhat sword-shaped, terminating
rather abruptly. Cayenne, 1842. See Fig. 33.

=Æ. Furstenbergi= (Furstenberg's). _fl._ rose; flower spike dense,
with overlapping showy pink bracts. _l._ tufted, linear, spinous at
the edge, recurved. _h._ 1ft. Bahia, 1879.

=Æ. glomerata= (glomerate).* _fl._ violet; scape erect, stout, 8in.
to 10in. high, with glomerate branches of crowded blood-red bracts.
_l._ oblong-ligulate, cuspidate, about 18in. long, dull green;
margin with short wide-set spines. Bahia, 1868. SYN. _Hohenbergia
erythrostachys_.

=Æ. hystrix= (bristly).* _fl._ in very dense, oblong spikes;
floral leaves and bracts scarlet. February. _l._ densely crowded,
ascending, linear lanceolate, saw-toothed. _h._ 2-1/2ft. Cayenne,
1880.

=Æ. Legrelliana= (Legrell's). A synonym of _Portea Legrelliana_.

=Æ. Lindeni= (Linden's). _fl._ yellow, in dense terminal heads,
with lanceolate red bracts, shorter than the flowers. _l._
linear-oblong, rounded, apiculate; margins saw-toothed; habit
tufted. _h._ 1ft. South Brazil, 1864.

=Æ. Mariæ Reginæ= (Queen Maria's).* _fl._ tipped with blue,
changing to salmon colour with age, arranged compactly upon the
upper portion of the spike; scape erect, about 2ft. high; half the
length is clothed with large boat-shaped bracts, some 4in. long,
intensely rich rose-pink. June, July. _l._ 18in. long, with a
tufted habit. Costa Rica, 1873. This is perhaps the best species.

=Æ. Melinoni= (Melinon's). _fl._ bright scarlet, tipped with pink,
cylindric; panicle dense, terminal. _l._ oblong, leathery, about
18in. in length, dark green; margin spiny. South America.

=Æ. Ortgiesii= (Ortgies'). _fl._ red, on short spikes. _l._
numerous, channelled, recurved, spongy, broad at the base, and
tapering to a point; stem short, gouty. Tropical America, 1860.
SYN. _Ortgiesia tillandsioides_.

=Æ. paniculigera= (panicled). _fl._ rose-coloured; petals
projecting beyond the sepals, deep bright purple; panicle large,
compound, 1ft. to 2ft. long; scape reddish, downy; rachides and
bracts rose-coloured. _l._ ligulate, shortly acuminate. West
Indies, 1881.

=Æ. spectabilis= (showy).* _fl._ rosy; calyx fleshy, ovate; corolla
1in. long, rosy crimson. _l._ spreading, channelled, ligulate,
2-1/2ft. long, 3in. to 4in. broad. Guatemala, 1875.

=Æ. Veitchii= (Veitch's).* _fl._ scarlet; spike densely clothed
with scarlet toothed bracts, closely investing flowers. _l._
tufted, leathery in texture, broadly strap-shaped, spotted, and
minutely serrulate. _h._ 1ft. Columbia, 1877. SYN. _Chevalliera
Veitchii_.

=ÆGICERAS= (from _aix_, a goat, and _keras_, a horn; alluding to the shape of its fruit). ORD. _Myrsineæ_. Small trees, with obovate entire leaves. Flowers white, fragrant, in terminal or axillary umbels. For culture, _see_ =Jacquinia=.

=Æ. fragrans= (fragrant). _fl._ white, fragrant; umbels
pedunculate, axillary, terminal. April. _l._ obovate, margin
undulated, and unequally dilated, veiny; upper surface covered with
saline excrescence. _h._ 6ft. New Holland, 1824.

=ÆGILOPS.= _See_ =Quercus Ægilops=.

=ÆGIPHILA= (from _aix_, a goat, and _philos_, dear; a favourite with goats). ORD. _Verbenaceæ_. Stove ornamental evergreen shrubs, generally with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth leaves; and flowers in axillary and terminal panicles. They require a rich sandy loam. Propagated from cuttings, which will root in sand, under a glass, with bottom heat.

=Æ. grandiflora= (large-flowered).* _fl._ yellow, terminal,
corymbose; corolla downy. November. Berry compressed, blue.
_l._ verticillate oblong, entire, sub-cordate at base. _h._
3ft. Havannah, 1843. The other species are probably not now in
cultivation, and this one is not generally so.

=ÆGLE= (from Ægle, one of the Hesperides). Bengal Quince. ORD. _Rutaceæ_. A stove evergreen tree, producing very large fruit, which much resembles an orange in general appearance, very delicious to the taste, and exquisitely fragrant. This genus differs principally from _Citrus_ by its numerous disunited stamens. The pulp of the fruit is an aperient, and a valuable remedy in dysentery, the thick rind and the dried unripe fruit are astringent. It thrives best in a rich loamy soil. Propagated by ripe cuttings, which, if not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand glass, in heat.

=Æ. Marmelos= (Marmelos). _fl._ white, very fragrant; panicles
axillary, terminal. April. _fr._ fifteen-celled. _l._ trifoliate;
leaflets toothletted. _h._ 10ft. India, 1759.

=ÆOLANTHUS= (from _aiollo_, to vary, and _anthos_, a flower; referring to the variableness of the flowers). ORD. _Labiatæ_. A genus of few herbs, with thickish leaves. Flowers loosely panicled. They thrive in sandy loam, and increase freely from seeds sown in a similar compost.

=Æ. Livingstonii= (Livingstone's). _fl._ brown. East Africa, 1859.

=Æ. suaveolens= (sweet-scented). _fl._ lilac, secund; cymes
axillary and terminal, erect, usually trifid, with floral leaves
under the divisions. July. _l._ nearly sessile, obovate, obsoletely
denticulated, thickish, pale green. _h._ 1ft. Brazil, 1859. A
pretty stove annual, with a sweet odour.

=AERANTHUS= (from _aer_, air, and _anthos_, a flower; referring to the habit). ORD. _Orchideæ_. A genus of a couple of species of remarkable stove orchids, requiring treatment similar to =Anguloa=, to which they are allied.

=Æ. arachnitis= (spider-like). _fl._ green. _l._ linear. _h._ 4in.
Madagascar, 1850.

=Æ. grandiflora= (large-flowered).* _fl._ yellowish-green, large,
solitary, terminal. _h._ 8in. Madagascar, 1823.

=AERATION.= The exposure of the soil to the free action of the air, as essential to the growth of plants.

=AERIDES= (from _aer_, the air; in reference to the power the species have of deriving their sustenance from the atmosphere). ORD. _Orchideæ_. An extensive genus of epiphytal orchids, confined to the tropics of the Old World, including many large and showy-flowered species. The majority of them are extremely handsome. The thick fleshy leaves are noteworthy for their characteristically distichous arrangement--that is to say, they are arranged in two opposite rows. They are usually truncate at the apex, and for the most part deeply channelled down the centre, but in some species terete or nearly cylindrical. All of them throw out large fleshy roots from various parts of their stems, by which they absorb the moisture from the atmosphere; and, in order to grow them successfully, they must be fixed upon blocks of wood. But this method should be adopted only whilst the plants are young, as it is almost an impossibility for the cultivator to maintain a sufficient amount of atmospheric moisture to meet their requirements; and, unless this is managed, the leaves will shrivel and fall off, leaving only a few at the extremity. Therefore, as soon as the plants are established upon the blocks of wood, let them be removed and potted. Fill the pot three parts full of broken potsherds and lumps of charcoal, and then use nothing, but clean, living sphagnum, placing a few roots in the moss and leaving the others free. By this means a greater amount of moisture can be supplied to them, and thus beautiful and symmetrical specimens obtained. The Aerides are easily grown into handsome plants, which usually bloom profusely, and thus recommend themselves to all who cultivate orchids. From early spring until the end of September they should be treated liberally with water, at the same time taking care never to wet the flowers. After the above-named time, a gradual diminution in the water supply to the roots should take place; and the atmosphere, too, should be less densely charged with moisture. But drought should never be carried far enough to cause the leaves to shrivel, for, if this is done, the uniformity of the specimen is marred; and, although we are quite willing to admit the possibility of the plants producing a greater quantity of flower spikes after a thorough shrivelling, we prefer to advocate the system that gives a fair amount of flower coupled with good leafage. As before remarked, the Aerides are peculiarly eastern, and therefore are usually classed amongst the orchids which require the hottest houses. This is, in one sense, correct; yet they do not require the great amount of heat which many imagine, and which has, until recently, been given them. They must not, therefore, be excluded from the amateur's collection of orchids. During the winter season many of the species may be kept in a temperature of 58deg. to 60deg.; whilst during the growing season the temperature may run up by sun heat without limit, so long as a free circulation of air and a sufficiency of moisture are secured. The following status of temperature may be observed: In spring, from 65deg. in the night, to 70deg. or 80deg. by day; in summer, from 70deg. in the night, to 80deg. or 85deg. through the day; in winter, about 60deg. night, and 65deg. day.

=A. affine= (related).* _fl._ delicate rose, produced, in great
profusion, on branching spikes, which are sometimes 2ft. in
length, and continue in bloom two or three weeks; the sepals and
petals equal, rounded at the apex; the lip is sharply rhomboid and
three-lobed, with a short spur. _l._ light green, about 1ft. long.
_h._ 3ft. A very handsome species from India, forming an excellent
exhibition plant.

=A. a. superbum= (superb).* An improved variety, with larger and
richer coloured flowers, and more compact habit.

=A. Brookii= (Sir A. Brooke's).* _fl._ purple and white; labellum
bright purple; sepals and petals white, very fragrant. _l._ very
ornamental, of a glaucous (milky green) hue. Bombay. This species,
although one of the handsomest, is very rare.

=A. crassifolium= (thick-leaved).* This is a dwarf, densely-habited
plant, with broad, thick, purple-dotted obliquely-bilobed leaves.
The flowers, which are borne on long and drooping spikes, are
bare--larger than those of _A. falcatum_, which they resemble in
form, and have the segments tipped with rich purple or amethyst,
the centre or throat of the flower being ivory-white. Compared with
_A. falcatum_, the spur is here bent under at an angle, while in
that plant it is straight; the side laciniæ of the lip are much
broader and shorter in the present plant, and the two keels on the
lip here stand close together at the base, and become divergent,
whilst in _falcatum_ they are distant at the base, and become
convergent near the middle of the lip. This species is described
as being the best in the genus. It may be grown near the glass,
suspended in a basket. Burmah, 1877.

=A. crispum= (curled).* _fl._ white, suffused with purplish rose,
nearly 2in. in diameter; sepals and petals ovate, acute; lip
three-lobed, the middle lobe being very large, toothed at the base,
and fringed at the margin; the horn-like spur is slightly incurved;
racemes ascending, more than double the length of the leaves,
many-flowered. _l._ deep green, flat and broad, blunt at the ends,
and two-lobed, about 4in. or 5in. long. Bombay, 1840. Lasts a long
time in beauty. See Fig. 34.

=A. c. Lindleyanum= (Lindley's). A robust-growing variety,
producing a large, much-branched panicle of flowers; sepals and
petals white; lip large, bright rich rose-coloured.

=A. c. Warneri= (Warner's).* The leaves are smaller, and more
slender than in the species; the sepals and petals are white, with
a soft, rich, rose-coloured lip.

=A. cylindricum= (cylindric).* _fl._ white and pink, as large as
those of _A. crispum_; sepals and petals crispy. _l._ elongate,
subulate, terete, 4in. to 6in. long. East Indies. A very rare and
distinct species. SYN. _A. vandarum_.

=A. dasycarpum= (thick-fruited). _fl._ brownish, rosy. India, 1865.

=A. dasypogon.= _See_ =Sarcanthus erinaceus=.

=A. difforme= (deformed). _fl._ green and brown. India, 1865.

=A. Dominiana= (Dominy's).* This is a garden hybrid between _A.
Fieldingii_ and _A. affine_, with the colour of the former, but
markings and shape of the latter. Very rare.

=A. falcatum= (sickle-leaved).* _fl._ sepals and petals white,
dotted with reddish crimson, and tipped with soft rose; lip white
at the sides, with a rosy-crimson centre; spur short, parallel with
the lip; racemes pendulous, many flowered. _l._ closely set upon
the stem, peculiar blue-green, coriaceous, obtuse and mucronate.
This species is very closely allied to _A. crassifolium_. SYN. _A.
Larpentæ_.

=A. Fieldingii= (Fielding's).* The Fox-brush Ærides. _fl._ white,
numerous, large, beautifully mottled with bright rose colour; the
much branched racemes are 2ft. to 3ft. long, and continue blooming
three or four weeks. _l._ 8in. to 10in. long, in some plants light
green, and in others dark green; long, broad, thick, and fleshy,
obliquely two-lobed at the apex. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. Assam.

=A. Houlletianum= (Houllet's).* _fl._ sepals and petals buff,
shading off into cream white at the base, with a purplish eye-spot
at their tips; lip white; front part dark purplish, with some lines
of the same colour on the sides; on densely crowded spikes. _l._
and growth similar to _A. virens_. Cochin China. SYN. _A. Mendelii_.

=A. japonicum= (Japanese).* _fl._ white, with the lateral sepals
slightly barred with brown purple; several on the pendent racemes;
lip purple, spotted, marked with a dark violet central ridge. _l._
short, linear-oblong, obtusely bilobed. Stems short, about 4in.
high. A pretty cool house species from Japan, 1862.

=A. Larpentæ= (Lady Larpent's). Synonymous with _A. falcatum_.

=A. Lobbii= (Lobb's).* _fl._ white in the centre, slightly tinted
with blush-rose towards the outside, somewhat spotted with violet;
lip marked with a whitish central bar, and stained with a deep
violet on either side; on long, dense, cylindrical, pendent
spikes. _l._ ligulate, obliquely two-lobed at the apex, thick
and fleshy in texture, about 18in. long, and of a light green
hue. Moulmein, 1868. This elegant plant, of which many distinct
varieties are in cultivation, is one of the most delicate of the
genus.

=A. maculosum= (spotted). _fl._ large, with obtuse pale
rose-coloured sepals and petals, which are spotted with purple;
lip flat and undivided, bluntly ovate, and of a deep rosy-purple;
racemes pendulous, proceeding from among the upper leaves, somewhat
lax and branching. _l._ ligulate, thick, and fleshy, obtuse at
the apex, 8in. or 9in. long, dark green. A somewhat slow growing
species, with a rather stiff, dwarf habit. Bombay, 1840.

=A. m. Schrœderi= (Schrœder's).* _fl._ very delicate white, tinged
with lilac and spotted with rose; labellum beautiful rose coloured.
_l._ dark green, 10in. long. _h._ 18in. East Indies. A very free
growing and handsome variety, superior to the species, but rare in
cultivation.

=A. Mendelii= (Mendel's). Synonymous with _A. Houlletianum_.

=A. mitratum= (mitred).* _fl._ waxy-white; lip violet coloured, on
numerous dense erect racemes. April. _l._ cylindrical, attenuated,
about 2ft. long, dark green. Moulmein, 1864. A rare but elegant
species.

=A. nobile= (noble).* _fl._ sepals and petals white tipped, and
spotted with bright rose; lip three-lobed, the side lobes creamy
yellow, and the middle lobe slightly bifid at the apex, white,
dotted with rose-purple, very fragrant; racemes 2ft. to 3ft.
long, pendulous, much branched, many flowered. _l._ strap-shaped,
obliquely emarginate at the apex, light green, slightly spotted
with brown. Not unlike _A. suavissimum_, but with larger and better
coloured flowers, and more robust growth. East Indies.

=A. odontochilum= (tooth-lipped). _h._ 2ft. Sylhet, 1837.

=A. odoratum= (fragrant).* _fl._ sepals and petals creamy and
white, tipped with pink; lip cucullate, with even side lobes,
the middle lobe being ovate and inflexed, the spur conical and
incurved, of the same colour as the sepals, very fragrant; racemes
longer than the leaves, many-flowered, pendulous. _l._ oblique,
obtuse, mucronate at the apex, and dark green. East Indies, 1800.
See Fig. 35.

=A. o. cornutum= (horned). _fl._ pink and white. Distinct.

=A. o. majus= (greater).* Like _A. odoratum_ in growth, but with
larger and longer spike of flowers.

=A. o. purpurascens= (purplish).* A very robust variety, with broad
dark green leaves and massive spike of large flowers, which are
white, tipped with bright pink.

=A. pachyphyllum= (thick-leaved). _fl._ light crimson lake; spur
and column white, the small laciniæ of the blade of the lip on
front part of spur painted with more or less warm purple (these
laciniæ are just as insignificant as the spur is preponderant);
raceme short, few-flowered. _l._ fleshy, short; apex obtuse, and
unequally two-lobed. Burmah, 1880.

=A. quinquevulnerum= (five-wounded).* _fl._ fragrant; sepals and
petals obtuse, white, marked with five reddish crimson blotches,
and tipped with purple; lip cucullate and funnel-shaped, the
side lobes being erect and the centre lobe oblong, incurved
and serrated, of the same colour as the sepals; spur conical,
green, large; racemes longer than the leaves, pendulous, and
many-flowered. Late summer and early autumn. _l._ ligulate, about
12in. long, tightly clasping the stem at the base, obliquely
mucronate at the apex, bright shining green. Philippines, 1838.

=A. q. Farmeri= (Farmer's).* A very rare variety of the above,
with similar habit, but the flowers are pure white throughout, and
fragrant.

=A. Reichenbachii= (Reichenbach's).* _fl._, sepals neatly striped
(not blotched); lip deep orange colour; racemes densely crowded.
Borneo, 1858. A very rare species.

=A. roseum= (rose-coloured).* _fl._, sepals and petals narrow,
acute, pale rose colour, with darker spots; lip flat, entire, and
acute, of a bright rose, freckled--like the sepals and petals--with
spots of a darker hue; raceme pendulous, dense, and many-flowered,
upwards of 1ft. in length. _l._ coriaceous, recurved, and
channelled above with a blunt two-lobed apex. Moulmein, 1840. As
this does not root freely, it requires less moisture than any other
species.

=A. r. superbum= (superb).* A fine variety, with stronger growth
and larger and richer-coloured flowers. The spikes of this, as well
as the typical species, are apt to die off if much water is given.

=A. rubrum= (red). A synonym of _Sarcanthus erinaceus_.

=A. suavissimum= (sweetest). _fl._ sepals and petals obtusely
ovate, white, tipped or tinged throughout with deep lilac; lip
three-lobed, pressed to the column, the side lobes being oblong
and denticulate, the middle lobe linear and bifid, the whole lip
being of a pale lemon colour, and the spur rosy-eyed; the numerous
racemes are half pendulous and branched, bearing a profusion of
deliciously fragrant flowers. _l._ flaccid, about 10in. long, light
green, profusely freckled with brown dots. Malacca, 1848. There are
one or two varieties.

=A. tesselatum= (chequered). _fl._ lined and streaked with green,
white, and purple. East Indies, 1838. A scarce species.

=A. testaceum= (testaceous). A synonym of _Vanda testacea_.

=A. Thibautianum= (Thibaut's). A synonym of _Saccolabium Huttoni_.

=A. vandarum= (Vanda). A synonym of _A. cylindricum_.

=A. virens= (vigorous). _fl._ deliciously fragrant; sepals and
petals ovate, obtuse, soft white, tipped with rosy-purple; lip
large; side lobes toothed at the apex, white, dotted with crimson;
middle lobe bearing a red inflated tongue; racemes long, drooping,
many-flowered, commencing to bloom early in April, and lasting
until July. _l._ broad, oblique, rounded at the apex, with a
depression in the centre, and very bright green, about 8in. long.

=A. v. Ellisii= (Ellis's).* _fl._ sepals and petals large, white,
suffused with rose, and tipped with amethyst; the lower sepals very
round and broad; lip large; side lobes white, beautifully freckled
towards the base, with short lines of amethyst; middle lobe broad,
and deep rich amethyst in colour; spur stout, curved upwards, and
tipped with brown; racemes about 18in. long, bearing generally
from thirty to forty, or more, large flowers. _l._ pale green. A
splendid variety.

=A. Wightianum.= _See_ =Vanda testacea=.

=A. Williamsii= (Williams's).* _fl._ delicate pinkish white,
produced in great abundance; spikes 2ft. to 3ft. long, and
branched, _l._ broad, dark green, drooping. A very scarce and
pretty species.

=AEROBION.= _See_ =Angræcum=.

=AEROPHYTES.= Plants that are grown entirely in the air.