Chapter III: BRONZE ROOM (rotunda) contains the other bronzes found in the (3)

WEST BANK. │ EAST BANK. │ _Galata Quay_ and _Top Haneh_, see │_Leander’s Tower_ and _Scutari_, pp. 543, 544. │see p. 556. │ _Dolma Bagcheh_ (p. 544), with the │ _Seraï_ of that name, built by │ Abdul Mejid in 1850–5 in the │ overladen ‘Turkish Renaissance’ │ style, now the residence of │ Mohammed V.; the façade on the │ Bosporus is over 700 yds. long; in │ the lofty central building is the │ huge throne-room. │ │ Beyond _Beshiktash_ (p. 544; L.) │_Kuskunjuk_ (L.), a Jewish village, are the ruins of the _Chiragan │separated from Scutari by a low Seraï_, a similar palace, which was│hill, was almost entirely destroyed burnt down in 1910. │by a disastrous fire in Feb. 1911. │ At _Ortakiöi_ (L.), a suburb with │_Beylerbey_ (L.). The _Beylerbey beautiful gardens and a pretty │Seraï_, built by Abdul Aziz in mosque (1870), the city is seen │1865, is the most tasteful sultan’s astern for the last time. │palace on the Bosporus. │ We round a headland and next come │_Chengelkiöi_ (L.) and _Vanikiöi_ to the villages of _Kuru Cheshmeh_ │(L.), where we lose sight of (L.) and _Arnautkiöi_ (L.).The │Stambul. We next pass _Top Dagh_ latter lies on the _Akinti Burnu_, │(427 ft.; ‘cannon-hill’), famed for a headland swept by a strong │its view of the whole of the current. │Bosporus. _Kandili_ (L.) lies on a │headland opposite the bay of Bebek. │ _Bebek_ (L.), on a beautiful bay, │ with villas (yali) of wealthy │ Turks, an English and American │ summer resort. On the hill to the │ N. is the _Robert College_, an │ American institution founded in │ 1863. │ │ │Between Kandili and Anatoli Hissar │(see below) opens the _Valley of │the Sweet Waters of Asia_, at the │mouth of the Büyük (great) and │Küchük (little) Gök Su, a favourite │Friday resort of │Moslem-excursionists in summer. │ Above the cypresses of an old │_Anatoli Hissar_ (L.; ‘Asiatic cemetery rise the picturesque │Castle’), or _Güzel Hissar_ towers and walls of _Rumelí Hissar_│(‘beautiful castle’), the (L.; ‘European castle’), built by │picturesque castle by the sea, Mohammed II. in 1452, shortly │which gives its name to the before the siege of Constantinople │village, was erected by Bayazid I. (p. 542), to command the narrowest │in 1393 as an outwork against part of the Bosporus (722 yds. │Byzantium. only). Here, too, the current │ (_sheïtan akintisi_, ‘Satan’s │ stream’) is at its strongest. │ │ Beyond _Emirgian_ (L.) come the │_Kanlija_ (L.), on a small headland palaces built by Ismaîl, khedive of│(beacon). Egypt (d. 1895; p. 444). │ │ _Stenia_ (L.), in a deep and │_Chibukli_, on the _Bay of Beïkos_, sheltered bay, and _Yenikiöi_ (L.; │where the British and French fleets Greek _Neochori_), both inhabited │met for the Crimean war. At the chiefly by Greeks and Armenians. At│head of the bay, beyond _Pasha the N. end of the headland are the │Bagcheh_ (L.) lies =Beïkos=, summer seats of the American and │usually the northmost steamboat Austrian ambassadors. │station. │ │From Beïkos we may ascend the │=Giant’s Mt.= or =Yusha Dagh= (640 │ft.; ‘Mt. Joshua’), an important │landmark for ships coming from the │Black Sea. The road to it (1 hr.; │carr. ½ mej.) ascends past the │palace of Mohammed Ali Pasha and │through the grassy, well-wooded, │and well-watered valley of _Hunkiar │Iskelesí_, once a favourite country │seat of the Byzantine emperors and │the sultans. On the top are a │mosque, the ‘tomb of the giant │Joshua’, and a small café. *View │over the whole Bosporus, but │Constantinople is hidden. │ =Therapia= (L.; Summer Palace Hot.;│ Hôt. Tokatlian, etc.; pop. 5000), a│ large and handsome village, on a │ small bay, with cafés by the sea │ and terraced gardens. On the quay, │ to the N. of the bay, are the │ summer residences of the British │ (lofty white building), French, and│ Italian ambassadors; on the N. side│ of the bay is that of the German │ ambassador. │ │ │The steamers plying beyond Beïkos │proceed thence straight across the │Bosporus to _Yenikiöi_ (see above) │on the European shore, where │corresponding with them there are │generally steamboats plying viâ │Therapia (see above) to _Mezar │Burnu_ (see below) and to _Rumelí │Kavak_ (p. 560). Thence they go on │to the last station on the Asiatic │shore— │ Near the small cape _Kiretsh │ Burnu_, with its battery and │ beacon, the Black Sea becomes │ visible in the distance. │ │ =Büyükdereh= (L.; Hôt. Bellevue; │ Hôt. d’Europe; Hôt. Platane, etc.; │ pop. 6000) is one of the most │ frequented summer resorts of the │ wealthy Europeans of │ Constantinople, with handsome │ houses in the N. part. The _Bay of │ Büyükdereh_ (‘great valley’) forms │ the broadest part of the Bosporus │ (2 M.). │ │ At the N. end of the bay are _Mezar│ Burnu_ (L.), a small village, and │ _Yeni Mahalleh_, at the mouth of │ the ‘rose valley’, the terminus of │ most of the steamers. │ │ Five or six boats only go on, │=Anatoli Kavak=, a genuine Turkish passing the ruinous fort _Telli │village, lying on the _Majar Bay_ Tabia_ and the _Dikili Cliffs_, to │between two strongly fortified =Rumelí Kavak=, a village near a │headlands. On the N. headland rises fortress built by Murad IV. in 1628│also the picturesque ruin of the and restored in 1890. The walls of │Byzantine castle of _Yoros Kalesí_, the ruined Byzantine castle of │called the _Genoese Castle_ since _Imros Kalesí_, on a hill to the │the 14th century. In ancient times N., once extending down to the sea,│the headland and the strait, one of were prolonged by moles, like those│the narrowest parts of the of Yoros Kalesí opposite, so that a│Bosporus, were named _Hieron_ chain could be carried across. │(sanctuary) after the altar of the │twelve gods, where Jason is said │once to have sacrificed, and after │a temple of Zeus Urios, the │dispenser of favourable winds. │ At the N. end of the Bosporus the │ banks, which bristle with forts and│ batteries, consist of almost │ perpendicular basaltic rock, above │ which runs a hill-path. Between │ Rumelí Kavak and the headland │ _Karibjeh Kalesí_ the little bay of│ _Büyük Liman_ offers the first │ refuge to vessels of slight draught│ coming from the N. │ │ │In the Majar Bay vessels coming │from the Black Sea have to show │their papers before entering the │Bosporus. Then comes _Kechili Bay_, │bounded on the N. by the cape _Fil │Burnu_, and defended by a fort, as │is also the _Poiras Burnu_, a │little farther to the N.E. │ The Bosporus now expands at its N. │Next, on the rocky coast, are the entrance to 2¾ M., near =Rumelí │village and beyond it the low cape Fanar=, a Greek village │of =Anatoli Fanar=, with the (_Fenerkiöi_ or _Fanaraki_), with a│Anatolian lighthouse and a fort lighthouse and a strong fortress on│rising above it. the rock to the N. of the bay. To │ the E. rise a number of dark │ basaltic cliffs, the _Cyanean │ Islands_ or _Symplegades_ (_i.e._ │ the rocks which, according to the │ ancient tradition, ‘clash │ together’), between which Jason had│ to pass on the Argonautic │ expedition. │ │ │Farther on are _Kabakos Bay_, in │the basaltic rocks of which nestle │countless sea-fowl, and, at the N. │mouth of the Bosporus, the abrupt │_Yum Burnu_, with a battery and │rescue-station for the shipwrecked.