Chapter XXXIV: Preface (33)

Bill shorter than head; nostrils overhung by antrorse frontal plumes; bare space around each eye much smaller than in Sarcops; a long crest of decomposed feathers springing from the crown; tail much longer than wing; rectrices graduated; plumage black, glossed with steel-green; a large white patch on rump.

735. GOODFELLOWIA MIRANDA Hartert.

SPECTACLED STARLING.

Goodfellowia miranda Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club (1903),
11; Novit. Zool. (1906), 13, 758, pl. 2, fig. 2; McGregor and
Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 108.

Tu-ca-ling', Bagobo of Mount Apo.

Mindanao (Goodfellow, Mearns).

Adult (sexes alike).--Black, glossed with dark green; wings and tail blackish brown with little or no gloss; wing-lining and a large patch on lower back and rump white. "Iris dark brown, bare skin round eye yellow; bill yellow, shading into greenish yellow at the base; toes dirty olive or blackish olive; legs olive-yellow." (Goodfellow.) Length, about 300 mm. A male measures: Wing, 116; tail, 156; culmen from base, 22; tarsus, 25; crest, 31; difference between longest and shortest rectrices, 90. A female, wing, 114; tail, 162; culmen from base, 25; tarsus, 30; crest, 25; difference between longest and shortest rectrices, 92.

This peculiar starling is confined to the highlands of Mindanao.

Genus EULABES Cuvier, 1817.

Bill shorter than head and very stout; culmen strongly curved; nasal feathers antrorse, but short and not concealing the nostrils; feathers on head very short, those of lores and a broad band of feathers on each side of crown and occiput pile-like; a bare space below each eye; a bare space behind each eye ending in a fleshy flap, or wattle, on nape; tail square, less than one-half the wing and not extending beyond the very stout legs and feet; plumage black, glossed with blue and purple; a white bar on the wing.

736. EULABES PALAWANENSIS Sharpe.

PALAWAN WATTLED MYNA. [106]

Eulabes palawanensis Sharpe, Ibis (1888), 202; McGregor and
Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 109.
Mainatus palawanensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1890),
13, 104.

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan
(Steere, Everett, Lempriere, Whitehead, Platen, Steere Exp.,
Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Adult (sexes alike).--Black, most of the plumage with a slight green gloss, but the gloss slightly bluish on throat, breast, and hind-neck, purplish on mantle; second to seventh primaries with a wide white band, but on the second confined to the inner web and sometimes indicated by a small white spot on the outer web of the eighth. A male from Palawan measures: Wing, 162; tail, 75; culmen from base, 30; bill from nostril, 19; tarsus, 36. A female from the same locality, wing, 168; tail, 74; culmen from base, 32; bill from nostril, 21; tarsus, 36.

"This wattled myna is common in Palawan and extremely abundant in the Calamianes Islands. It is a very noisy bird, and some of its cries are astonishingly human. Iris very dark brown; legs and feet bright yellow; nails yellow at base, white at tip; bill orange-red, yellow at tip; bare flesh of head bright yellow. Five males from the Calamianes average: Length, 281; wing, 106; tail, 77; tarsus, 34; middle toe with claw, 36. Four females from the same locality, length, 273; tail, 73; culmen, 30; tarsus, 33; middle toe with claw, 33." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Family CORVIDÆ.

Bill large and compressed, longer than head; culmen strongly curved; gonys straight; nostrils completely hidden by stiff antrorse frontal feathers, the longest of which equal nearly one-half the length of bill from base; first primary much shorter than second, but more than one-half the length of wing; second primary much shorter than third, fourth longest, third and fifth nearly equal; rectrices broad; tail slightly or much rounded; feet and tarsi strong, the latter less than culmen from base. Plumage entirely black, glossed with purple and green; sexes alike.

Genera.

a1. Tail much rounded; first primary about equal to the outer secondaries. ... Corone (p. 722) a2. Tail very slightly rounded, the rectrices subequal; first primary shorter than the outer secondaries. ... Corvus (p. 723)

Genus CORONE Kaup, 1829.

First primary about equal in length to the outer secondaries, the latter shorter than some of the more interior ones; tail much rounded and about as long as the longest secondaries.

737. CORONE PHILIPPINA (Bonaparte).

PHILIPPINE CROW.

Corvus philippinus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. (1853), 37, 830;
Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 234 (eggs); Whitehead, Ibis
(1899), 100 (habits).
Corone philippina Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1877), 3, 42;
McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 110.

Wak, in general use.

Babuyan Claro (McGregor); Bantayan (McGregor); Basilan (Steere
Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (Everett, McGregor);
Bongao (Bartsch); Cagayancillo (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor);
Caluya (Porter); Camiguin S. (Murray); Catanduanes (Whitehead);
Cebu (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, Everett); Fuga (McGregor);
Guimaras (Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Libagao
(Porter); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Cuming, Meyer, Everett,
Whitehead, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Maestre de Campo
(McGregor & Worcester); Marinduque (Steere Exp.); Masbate
(McGregor); Mindanao (Murray, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns &
Worcester); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor);
Negros (Meyer, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester,
Whitehead); Palawan (Everett); [107] Panaon (Everett); Panay
(Murray, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Polillo (McGregor);
Romblon (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns
& Worcester); Semirara (Worcester); Sibay (McGregor & Worcester);
Sibutu (Everett); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor
(Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard,
Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi
(Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor); Verde (McGregor).

Adult.--Entirely black, the feathers white basally; feathers, of neck at least, more white than black; upper parts including greater part of wing glossed with purple; alula and primary-coverts glossed with dark green; two outer primaries without gloss; under parts with a slight bluish gloss. Length, about 500 mm. A male from Siquijor measures: Wing, 325; tail, 230; culmen from base, 65; bill from nostril, 47; tarsus, 52. A female from Bohol, wing, 300; tail, 220; culmen from base, 60; bill from nostril, 41; tarsus, 48.

Three eggs of the Philippine crow collected by Steere in Marinduque, May, 1888, are thus described: "Shape ovate. Ground-color pale sea-green, thickly mottled all over, especially towards the larger end, with olive-brown; under-markings faint gray. Measurements 43 mm. by 28 mm. The nest is a loosely constructed platform of fiber, mixed with a few rootlets, etc." (Grant and Whitehead.)

"The Philippine crow is very common throughout the Islands, except in the Palawan group, where it is lacking. It picks into young coconuts, steals young pigeons, and even comes into the kitchens of the native houses to steal. As a natural consequence, the bird is thoroughly detested. Two males measure: Length, 546; wing, 314; tail, 210; culmen, 59; tarsus, 54; middle toe with claw, 52." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus CORVUS Linnæus, 1758.

First primary decidedly shorter than the outer secondaries, the latter longer than any of the interior ones; tail very slightly rounded and shorter than the longest secondary.

Species.

a1. Larger; wing, about 250 mm.; tail, 140; bill longer and more slender. ... pusillus (p. 723) a2. Smaller; wing, about 220 mm.; tail, 120; bill shorter and stouter. ... samarensis (p. 724)

738. CORVUS PUSILLUS Tweeddale.

LITTLE CROW.

Corvus pusillus Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1878), 622; Grant
and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 234, pl. 6, fig. 5 (egg); Whitehead,
Ibis (1899), 100 (habits); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List
(1906), 110.

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor);
Mindoro (Steere Exp., Schmacker, Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead,
McGregor); Palawan (Everett, Lempriere, Whitehead, Platen, Steere
Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Adult.--Entirely black, faintly glossed with purple; bases of many of the feathers drab-gray or white; gloss on alula, primaries, and primary-coverts dark green. A male from Mindoro measures: Wing, 250; tail, 135; culmen from base, 50; bill from nostril, 37; depth of bill at nostril, 18; tarsus, 44. A female from Mindoro, wing, 240; tail, 145; culmen from base, 50; tarsus, 46.

Steere collected a single egg of this species in Mindoro in June, 1888. The egg, taken from the oviduct of female, is thus described: "Shape ovate, rather rounded towards the smaller end. Ground-color pale greenish white, finely spotted and dotted over the entire shell with greenish brown and pale lavender. Measurements 38 mm. by 26 mm." (Grant and Whitehead.)

"The little crow is very common in Mindoro; much rarer in Palawan and the Calamianes Islands. Unlike Corone philippina, it is a very shy bird. Its note sounds like that of an overgrown 'katy-did.' Iris dark brown; legs, feet, nails, and bill black. A male from Culion measures, 381 in length; wing, 243; tail, 136; culmen, 50; tarsus, 46; middle toe with claw, 45. A female from Palawan, length, 368; wing, 237; tail, 137; culmen, 47; tarsus, 39; middle toe with claw, 43." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

739. CORVUS SAMARENSIS Steere.

SAMAR CROW.

Corvus samarensis Steere, List Birds & Mams. Steere Exped. (1890),
23; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 110.

Mindanao (Celestino); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester).

Adult.--In color the same as Corvus pusillus, but smaller in size; bill somewhat shorter and deeper. A female from northern Mindanao measures: Length, 340; wing, 220; tail, 120; culmen from base, 47.5; bill from nostril, 34; depth of bill at nostril, 18; tarsus, 38.

"The Samar crow has the shy habits of C. pusillus, but its note is entirely different. We heard its note for a long time without suspecting that it was made by a crow. We occasionally found C. pusillus about the open fields, but never met with C. samarensis except on the sides of well-wooded hills. A male measures: Length, 355; wing, 252; tail, 116; culmen, 52; tarsus, 35; middle toe with claw, 45. Three females average: Length, 338; wing, 215; tail, 118; culmen, 48; tarsus, 46; middle toe with claw, 44. Iris dark brown: legs, feet, nails, and bill black. Food fruit and insects." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 10: To localities for Megapodius cumingi add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 12: To names of collectors of Excalfactoria lineata, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 14: To localities for Gallus gallus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 27: To localities for Osmotreron axillaris add: Polillo (McGregor); under Negros add: Celestino.

Page 28: To names of collectors of Osmotreron vernans, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 30: To localities for Phapitreron amethystina add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 33: To names of collectors of Phapitreron maculipectus add: Celestino.

Page 35: To names of collectors of Phapitreron nigrorum, under Negros, add: Celestino. To names of collectors of Phapitreron brevirostris, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 35: Mearns has recently described a small brown pigeon from Samar.

PHAPITRERON SAMARENSIS Mearns.

SAMAR WHITE-EARED PIGEON.

Phapitreron samarensis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909),
36, 436.

"Characters.--Resembling Phapitreron brevirostris, but with forehead, chin, and throat whiter than in P. albifrons McGregor. From P. brevirostris it is readily distinguishable by the white forehead, chin, and upper throat, also by the much greater amount of coppery amethystine reflections on the crown, breast, and upper back, and by the usual absence of green reflections on the side of the hind head below the suborbital white stripe; and the under parts are much paler. From P. albifrons it may be at once distinguished by the different color of the under parts, which lack the olivaceous-gray on the breast, and by its more ochraceous abdomen; also the coppery reflections on the breast and upper back of P. samarensis are entirely absent in P. albifrons.

"Measurements of type (from well-made skin of female).--Total length, 230 mm.; wing, 124; tail, 95; culmen and cere (chord), 14; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 26. 'Eyes pink. Feet, base of mandible, and around eyes, dark purple. Tip of bill black. Egg taken from ovary.' (Bourns.)

"Measurements of adult male (Samar * * * ).--Wing, 129; tail, 95; culmen and cere (chord), 14.5; tarsus, 20; middle toe with claw, 27." (Mearns.)

This species, if valid, will probably include all the small-billed brown pigeons from Samar and Leyte.

Page 37: To names of collectors of Leucotreron occipitalis, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 38: To localities for Leucotreron marchei add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 43: To localities for Muscadivores nuchalis add: Lapac (Bartsch); under Luzon add: Bartsch. To localities for Muscadivores chalybura add: Polillo (McGregor); under Negros add: Celestino.

Page 44: To localities for Muscadivores ænea add: Masbate (Bartsch).

Page 45: An imperial pigeon from Palmas Island has been described as--

MUSCADIVORES PALMASENSIS Mearns.

PALMAS ISLAND IMPERIAL PIGEON.

Muscadivores palmasensis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909),
36, 436.

"Characters.--Closely related to Muscadivores pickeringi from Mangsee Island, north of Borneo, on the west side of the Sulu Sea; also to Muscadivores langhornei Mearns, from West Bolod Island, southeast of the Sulu Sea and near the Island of Basilan. From the type of pickeringi (Cat. No. 15,732 U. S. N. M.) it differs in being paler, with much less vinaceous color on the chin, throat, breast, and under tail-coverts. The wing is 10 mm. shorter. From langhornei, which it resembles more closely in the coloration of the under parts, it can be distinguished at a glance by the dark color of the mantle, rump, and upper tail-coverts.

"Adult male (type, killed January 21).--Head, neck, upper back, and upper parts, lilac-gray, purest on the upper side of the neck and upper back, washed with vinaceous on crown, ear-coverts, and breast, fading to whitish around base of bill, and shading to drab-gray on legs and crissum; scapulars, back, rump, and wing-coverts mouse-gray, lustrous in a certain light; wing-quills and upper tail-coverts dark mouse-gray, with subdued reflections of violet, coppery, and green; rectrices lustrous golden green above, smoke-gray below; flanks, axillars, and lining of wings clear gray. An adult male topotype in fresh plumage, shot by Dr. Paul C. Freer, October 7, 1906, only differs from the type in being appreciably darker. The sexes are practically alike in size and color.

"Colors of soft parts.--Two mated pairs, about to breed, had the soft parts colored exactly alike, January 21, 1906: Iris red; eyelids and feet vinaceous; claws dusky purplish gray; bare space surrounding eye, pale plumbeous; bill pale bluish gray at tip, darker plumbeous at base. Testicles functionally enlarged.

"Measurements of two adult males (type and topotype measured fresh by the author).--Total length, 420, 430 mm.; alar expanse, 735, 750; wing, 240, 240; tail, 156, 160; culmen (chord), 20, 20; tarsus, 32, 34; middle toe with claw, 46, 49." (Mearns.)

Page 48: To names of collectors of Zonophaps poliocephala, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 50: To localities for Myristicivora bicolor add: Lapac (Bartsch).

Page 51: To names of collectors of Columba griseogularis, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 52: To localities for Macropygia tenuirostris add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 54: To localities for Streptopelia dussumieri add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 59: To localities for Chalcophaps indica add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 60: To localities for Phlegænas luzonica add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 68: To localities for Hypotænidia torquata add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 87: To names of collectors of Hydrochelidon hybrida, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 90: To names of collectors of Sterna boreotis, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 92: To localities for Sterna sinensis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: (Curl).

Page 99: To localities for Arenaria interpres add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 103: To localities for Squatarola squatarola add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 104: To localities for Charadrius fulvus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 106: To localities for Ochthodromus geoffroyi add: Polillo (McGregor); Sulu (Bartsch); Tataan (Bartsch).

Page 108: To localities for Ochthodromus veredus add: Luzon (Curl).

Page 109: To names of collectors of Ægialitis dubia, under Luzon and Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 112: To localities for Ægialitis alexandrina add: Sulu (Bartsch).

Page 117: To localities for Numenius variegatus add: Polillo (McGregor); under Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 119: To localities for Mesoscolopax minutus add: Luzon (Curl).

Page 122: To localities for Totanus eurhinus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 123: To localities for Helodromas ochropus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 125: To localities for Heteractitis brevipes add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 126: To localities for Actitis hypoleucos add: Polillo (McGregor); Sulu (Bartsch); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 129: To localities for Glottis nebularius add: Polillo (McGregor); under Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 130: To localities for Rhyacophilus glareola add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch, Curl.

Page 132: To localities for Calidris leucophæa add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 134: To localities for Pisobia ruficollis add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 141: To localities for Tringa crassirostris add: Luzon (Curl).

Page 145: To localities for Gallinago megala add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 149: To localities for Lobipes lobatus add: Luzon (Curl).

Page 154: To localities of Orthorhamphus magnirostris add: Tataan (Bartsch); Palaui, off Luzon (Albatross); Polillo (McGregor).

Page 157: To localities for Plegadis autumnalis add: Luzon (Curl).

Page 162: To names of collectors of Pyrrherodia manilensis, under Luzon, add: Mearns.

Page 160: To localities for Dissöura episcopus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 167: To localities for Egretta garzetta add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 168: To localities for Demigretta sacra add: Polillo (McGregor); under Masbate and Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 170: To localities for Nycticorax nycticorax add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 171: To names of collectors of Nycticorax manillensis, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 175: To localities for Butorides javanica add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon, Mindanao, and Samar add: Bartsch.

Page 177: To localities for Bubulcus coromandus add: Polillo (McGregor); under Mindanao add: Bartsch; under Negros add: Celestino.

Page 179: To names of collectors of Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 187: In fifth line from the bottom for Bantanyan read Bantayan.

Page 188: To names of collectors of Dendrocygna arcuata, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 189: To localities for Anas luzonica add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 196: To localities for Spatula clypeata add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 202: To names of collectors of Anhinga melanogaster, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 223: Cancel ninth line from the bottom of the page.

Page 228: To names of collectors of Spilornis holospilus, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 229: To names of collectors of Spilornis panayensis, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 230: To localities for Butastur indicus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 232: To names of collectors of Haliæetus leucogaster, under Bongao, add: Bartsch.

Page 233: To localities for Haliastur intermedius add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 234: To localities for Elanus hypoleucus add: Leyte (Bartsch); under Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 258: Interpolate, after Otus cuyensis:

OTUS STEEREI Mearns.

TUMINDAO SCREECH OWL.

Otus steerei Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909), 36,
437. Tumindao, off Sitanki (Mearns).

"Characters.--Very similar to the Celebesian Otus menadensis, from which it may be distinguished by being larger, with upper parts darker, with more of the black vermiculations; black centers to the feathers of the under parts much less conspicuous; feathers of tarsus more heavily cross-barred with blackish. Of the Philippine species it is most closely related to Otus cuyensis McGregor, but is darker and much smaller, having the same white, black-tipped scapulars, but with the entire plumage darker and more heavily marked, and the wing 15 mm. shorter. It bears no close resemblance to any other Philippine species.

"Measurements.--Wing, 157 mm.; tail, 84; culmen from cere (chord), 15; tarsus, 33. Iris yellow; bill and feet greenish (from fresh specimen). The stomach of the type contained insects." (Mearns.)

Page 274: To localities for Cacatua hæmaturopygia add: Polillo (McGregor); Siasi (Bartsch); under Masbate and Samar add: Bartsch.

Page 278: To names of collectors of Prioniturus discurus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 279: Mearns describes a parrakeet from Misamis Province, Mindanao as--

PRIONITURUS MALINDANGENSIS Mearns.

MALINDANG RACKET-TAILED PARRAKEET.

Prioniturus malindangensis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909),
36, 437.

"Characters.--Closely related to Prioniturus waterstradti Rothschild, from Mount Apo, southeastern Mindanao, from which it may be distinguished by its larger size, much yellower coloring of under side, greener, less brownish back and scapulars, longer tail, but much shorter naked shafts to the central pair of feathers.

"Adult female (type and only specimen).--Upper parts green, with slight touches of bluish on forehead, and a light greenish brown rump, as in P. waterstradti; wings bright green above, with concealed inner webs blackish, and outer webs narrowly edged with yellow; edge of wing yellow; rectrices green above tipped with dull black, beryl-green on under side, the shafts and spatules of the central pair dull black, with webs all green to the naked shafts; entire under parts golden green; axillars and lining of wings oil-green; under side of primaries dull black, broadly bordered on the inner webs with beryl-green. Iris dark brown; bill pale horn-color, faintly plumbeous at base and tip of mandibles; feet and claws plumbeous (from fresh specimen).

"Measurements of type (female).--Wing, 153 mm.; tail, 79 (to end of lengthened central pair, 126); culmen from cere (chord), 20; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 25.

"Measurements of adult female topotype of P. waterstradti ( * * * ).--Wing 145 mm.; tail, 75 (to end of lengthened central pair, 151); culmen from cere (chord), 18; tarsus, 15; middle toe with claw, 25 (skin)." (Mearns.)

Page 281: To localities for Tanygnathus lucionensis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Lapac, Masbate, and Romblon add: Bartsch; under Negros add: Celestino.

Page 283: To localities for Tanygnathus everetti add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 289: To names of collectors of Loriculus regulus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 290: To localities for Loriculus philippensis add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 294: To names of collectors of Loriculus bonapartei, under Sulu, add: Bartsch.

Page 302: To localities for Eurystomus orientalis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Masbate, Mindanao, and Samar add: Bartsch.

Page 304: To localities for Pelargopsis gouldi add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 306: To localities for Alcedo bengalensis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 308: To localities for Alcyone cyanopectus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 312: To localities for Ceyx melanura add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 316: To names of collectors of Ceyx bournsi, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 320: To localities for Halcyon gularis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon and Samar add: Bartsch.

Page 322: To localities for Halcyon winchelli add: Papahag (Bartsch).

Page 323: To localities for Halcyon chloris add: Lapac (Bartsch); Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon, Masbate, and Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 326: To names of collectors of Halcyon moseleyi add: Celestino.

Page 332: To names of collectors of Penelopides panini, under Negros, add: Celestino; under Masbate add: Bartsch.

Page 333: To localities for Penelopides manillæ add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 333: In fourth line from the bottom for manillæ read manilæ.

Page 336: To names of collectors of Penelopides affinis, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 338: To names of collectors of Craniorrhinus waldeni, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 338: To names of collectors of Craniorrhinus leucocephalus, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 340: To names of collectors of Merops americanus, under Masbate, add: Bartsch.

Page 341: To localities for Merops philippinus add: Bongao (Bartsch); under Luzon and Masbate add: Bartsch.

Page 346: In the last line for manillensis read manilensis.

Page 350: Interpolate, before Hemiprocne major:

HEMIPROCNE COMATA (Temminck).

SUMATRAN WHISKERED SWIFT.

Cypselus comatus Temminck, Pl. Col. (1824), 268 (Sumatra).
Macropteryx comata Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 16,
517 (part); Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 89.
Hemiprocne major McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 58
(part).

Mindanao (Steere, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester,
Goodfellow); Samar (Bourns & Worcester, Bartsch); Sibutu (Everett);
Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester). Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Natunas.

Diagnosis.--Smaller than Hemiprocne major, the wing about 127 mm.

Under H. major cancel: Mindanao, Samar, Sibutu, and Sulu.

Page 355: To names of collectors of Collocalia troglodytes, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 356: To localities for Collocalia marginata add: Mindanao (Bartsch); Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 360: To localities for Tachornis pallidior add: Negros (Celestino); Polillo (McGregor).

Page 362: To localities for Pyrotrogon ardens add: Polillo (McGregor); under Leyte add: Bartsch.

Page 364: In key to genera under g1 for length read width.

Page 367: To names of collectors of Surniculus velutinus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 374: To names of collectors of Cacomantis merulinus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 379: To names of collectors of Eudynamys mindanensis, under Masbate, add: Bartsch.

Page 383: To localities for Centropus viridis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon, Masbate, and Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 384: To names of collectors of Centropus javanicus, under Leyte, add: Bartsch.

Page 386: To localities for Centropus unirufus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 388: To localities for Dasylophus superciliosus add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 390: To names of collectors of Xantholæma hæmacephalum, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 391: To names of collectors of Xantholæma roseum, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 393: To names of collectors of Yungipicus validirostris, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 394: To names of collectors of Yungipicus maculatus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 397: To localities for Yungipicus ramsayi add: Papahag, off Tawi Tawi (Bartsch).

Page 397: Interpolate, after Yungipicus ramsayi:

YUNGIPICUS SIASIENSIS Mearns.

SIASI PYGMY WOODPECKER.

Yungipicus siasiensis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909),
36, 438.

Siasi (Bartsch).

"Adult male (type).--Similar to the male of Y. ramsayi, but with a smaller bill and without white markings on the upper surface of the primaries or secondaries except a small concealed white spot on inner webs of several secondaries, and with much less white on the inner margins of the inner webs on under side of wing; and the orange-yellow of the under parts is much more restricted, being confined to a narrow band across the chest.

"Adult female ( * * * ).--Similar to the male, but lacking the elongated scarlet feathers on the edge of the posterior half of the crown and occiput, the entire upper surface of head and neck being dark brown. The white markings of the upper and under sides of the wings are restricted to the same extent as those of the type, and tend to form a very narrow brownish white margin to the inner webs of the innermost secondaries, below, instead of forming squarish detached white spots as in Y. ramsayi; the orange-yellow pectoral band as in the male.

"Measurements of Yungipicus siasiensis.--Adult male (type): Wing, 83 mm.; tail, 47; culmen, 19.5. Adult female ( * * * ): Wing 85 mm.; tail, 49; culmen, 20.2." (Mearns.)

Page 400: To localities for Chrysocolaptes hæmatribon add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 401: To names of collectors of Chrysocolaptes montanus, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

"This is a species of eastern Mindanao, intergrading with lucidus at Pantar, western Mindanao, instead of being a mountain form." (Mearns.)

Page 402: To names of collectors of Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 403: To localities for Lichtensteinipicus funebris add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 409: To names of collectors of Thriponax hargitti, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 410: In second line for BROAD BILLS read BROADBILLS.

Page 414: To localities for Pitta erythrogastra add: Negros (Celestino).

Page 426: To localities for Hirundo rustica add: Negros (Celestino).

Page 427: To localities for Hirundo gutturalis add: Negros (Celestino); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 428: To localities for Hirundo javanica add: Polillo (McGregor); under Romblon add: Bartsch.

Page 429: To names of collectors of Hirundo striolata, under Luzon, add: McGregor.

Page 431: In the key to genera of Muscicapidæ the genus Callaeops should be inserted near Terpsiphone.

Page 433: To localities for Hemichelidon griseosticta add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 438: To localities for Cyornis philippinensis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 442: To names of collectors of Muscicapula westermanni, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 447: To names of collectors of Gerygone simplex, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 448: To localities for Gerygone rhizophoræ add: Tataan (Bartsch).

"This specimen is doubtfully referred to this species on account of its darker coloration and larger size than Gerygone simplex. The sides of the head are nearly as dark as G. rhizophoræ from Mindanao, and, like it, the crissum is pale and the under tail-coverts white; but the upper parts are much paler, and the bill smaller than in typical rhizophoræ." (Mearns.)

Page 451: To localities for Hypothymis occipitalis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon and Mindanao add: Bartsch.

Page 455: To localities for Cyanomyias coelestis add: Negros (Celestino).

Page 457: To names of collectors of Rhipidura albiventris, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 458: To names of collectors of Rhipidura cyaniceps, under Luzon, add: Bartsch.

Page 460: To localities for Rhipidura nigritorquis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon and Tataan add: Bartsch.

Page 461: To names of collectors of Xeocephus rufus, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 470: Mearns has described as a subspecies, the Rhinomyias from the lowlands of Mindanao; if this form is valid it may stand as--

RHINOMYIAS MINDANENSIS (Mearns).

MINDANAO RHINOMYIAS.

Rhinomyias ruficauda mindanensis Mearns,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909), 36, 439.

"The series of this genus in the U. S. Nat. Mus. shows that there are three geographical forms of the rufous-tailed flycatcher, from the islands of Basilan, Mindanao, and Samar respectively.

"Compared with the Samar and Mindanao forms the Basilan form, Rhinomyias ruficauda ruficauda, has the under parts whiter, middle of chest grayer, sides of chest and flanks a grayer brown, with entire side of head slate-gray.

"R. mindanensis and samarensis both have brown cheeks and differ from each other in size the Mindanao form being larger. The upper surfaces are of a lighter, more olivaceous, and less rufescent color." (Mearns.)

Page 470: To localities for Rhinomyias ocularis add: Pangamian (Bartsch).

Page 474: To names of collectors of Cryptolopha olivacea, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 476: Interpolate, after Cryptolopha mindanensis:

CRYPTOLOPHA MALINDANGENSIS Mearns.

MALINDANG FLYCATCHER WARBLER.

Cryptolopha malindangensis Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909),
36, 440. Mount Malindang, Mindanao (Mearns).

"Characters.--Similar to Cryptolopha mindanensis Hartert, from Mount Apo, Mindanao, but smaller, less yellow above and below, and with a distinct yellowish white postocular streak extending to the occiput; bill flesh-color instead of yellow on base of mandible; feet grayish flesh-color instead of plumbeous.

"Adult male.--Upper parts olive-green, darkest on the crown; wings and tail dark brown, broadly bordered with olive-green on the outer webs, but with outer rectrix white to the base, edged with pale yellow basally and with olive-brown terminally on outer web; second rectrix dark brown at base of inner web, white on terminal two-thirds, yellow on basal half of outer web and olive-brown on terminal half; third rectrix edged with white at tip of inner web and yellow on outer web at base; loral and postocular streak yellowish white; entire under parts sulphur-yellow, obscured by pale olive-green centers to the feathers; under tail-coverts plain sulphur-yellow; sides of chest and flanks olive-green, streaked with yellow; axillars and lining of wings pale sulphur-yellow; cheeks pale sulphur-yellow, mottled with very pale olive-green. Iris hazel; bill brownish black, flesh-color at base of mandible; feet grayish flesh-color, claws brown (from fresh specimen).

"Comparative measurements of Cryptolopha mindanensis and C. malindangensis.--Adult males (from skins): Wing, 58, 56 mm.; tail, 48, 46; bill from nostril, 7, 7; tarsus, 21, 21." (Mearns.)

Page 482: To names of collectors of Artamides kochi, under Samar, add: Bartsch.

Page 482: To localities for Artamides striatus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 483: To names of collectors of Artamides panayensis, under Masbate, add: Bartsch; under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 487: To names of collectors of Edolisoma panayense, under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 488: To names of collectors of Edolisoma everetti, under Lapac, add: Bartsch.

Page 490: To names of collectors of Pericrocotus marchesæ, under Sulu, add: Bartsch.

Page 493: To localities for Pericrocotus cinereus add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 495: To localities for Lalage niger add: Polillo (McGregor); under Luzon and Masbate add: Bartsch.

Page 500: To localities for Irena cyanogastra add: Polillo (McGregor).

Page 506: To names of collectors of Iole everetti, under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 508: To localities for Iole gularis add: Polillo (McGregor); under Leyte and Luzon add: Bartsch.

Page 509: To names of collectors of Iole guimarasensis, under Masbate, add: Bartsch; under Negros, add: Celestino.

Page 511: To names of collectors of Iole cinereiceps, under Romblon, add: Bartsch.

Page 512: To localities for Poliolophus urostictus add: Polillo (McGregor); under Mindanao, add: Bartsch.

Page 718: Interpolate after the sixth line:

Species.

a1. Back uniform silvery gray ... calvus (p. 718) a2. Back more or less black in the center ... melanonotus (p. 719)

A recently described subspecies of stork-billed kingfisher is based upon a male collected by Bartsch in the Island of Masbate. The citation is:

Rhamphalcyon capensis smithi Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1909)
36, 466.

This subspecies is said to be intermediate in color between Pelargopsis gouldi and P. gigantea and larger than either of them. The type measures: "Wing, 157 mm.; tail, 96; exposed culmen, 80; tarsus, 17."

I regret that a copy of the fifth and final volume of Sharpe's Hand-List of Birds was received in Manila too late for citation in the Manual.

NOTES

[1] The most important of these lists are the following:

Martens, E. V.: [Title not seen] Jour. für Ornith. (1866), 8-31. Walden, Viscount: A List of Birds Known to Inhabit the Philippine Archipelago. Trans. Zool. Soc. London (1875), 9, pt. 2, 125-252, pls. 23-34. Ramsay, R. G. W.: Revised List of the Birds Known to Occur in the Philippine Islands, Showing their Geographical Distribution. Appendix, pp. 653-660, to the Ornithological Works of Arthur, Ninth Marquis of Tweeddale. London (1881). Elera, R. P. Fr. Casto de: Aves. Catalogo Sistematico de toda la Fauna de Filipinas. Manila (1895), 1, 52-398. Worcester, D. C. and Bourns, F. S.: A List of the Birds Known to Inhabit the Philippine and Palawan Islands, Showing their Distribution within the Limits of the Two Groups. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Washington (1898), 20, 549-566. McGregor, R. C. and Worcester, D. C.: A Hand-List of the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Bur. Govt. Labs. Manila (1906), No. 36, 1-121.

[2] Very full references to literature may be found in Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum and in Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum (Natural History).

[3] Sharpe, R. B.: A Hand-List of the Genera and Species of Birds. London (1899-1903), 1-4, Vol. 5 in press.

For other systems of classification the following may be consulted:

Huxley, T. H.: On the Classification of Birds; and on the Taxonomic Value of the Modifications of Certain of the Cranial Bones observable in that Class. Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1867), 415-472. Stejneger, L.: Standard Natural History. Boston (1885), 4, Birds (part). An outline of Stejneger's scheme of classification may be found in the Zoological Record (1885), 22, pt. Aves. 14-18. Fürbringer, M.: Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Vogel, Zugleich ein Beitrage zur Anatomie der Stütz- und Bewegungsorgane. Royal Zoological Society, Amsterdam (1888). For reviews of Fürbringer's classification see Gadow, Nature (1888), 39, 150-152; 177-181, and Evans, Zool. Record, Aves (1888), 25, 14-16. Evans, A. H.: Cambridge Natural History, Birds. New York and London (1900), 9, XI-XVI (Scheme of Classification). Gadow, H.: On the Classification of Birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1892), 229-256. Dubois, A.: Synopsis Avium. Brussels (1899-1904), 1-1339, pls. 1-16. Ridgway, R.: The Birds of North and Middle America. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. Washington (1901), No. 50, pt. 1, 1-12. Clark, H. L.: The Classification of Birds. Auk (1901), new ser., 18, 370-381. Shufeldt, R. W.: An Arrangement of the Families and Higher Groups of Birds. Am. Naturalist (1904), 38, 833-857.

[4] It is a matter of difficulty to distinguish between the soft short tail-feathers and the long, overhanging coverts; in this species, therefore, it is more convenient to measure from base of tail to tip of longest covert.

[5] The status of Gallus stramineicollis, described from a specimen collected in Sulu by Burbidge, is somewhat doubtful; Grant considers it a domestic bird. The original description follows:

"General color above black, shot with green and purple; wing-coverts like the back, the innermost and the scapulars with a slight subterminal shine of coppery brown; primary-coverts and primaries black, the secondaries externally green; feathers of the lower back and rump straw-yellow, with darker longitudinal centers of black or green; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy oil-green; crown of head and nape black; hind-neck and neck-hackles, as well as sides of neck, straw-yellow, deeper on the hind-neck, with green longitudinal centers to the feathers; remainder of under surface of body black with a green gloss; comb short and rounded; sides of face and entire throat bare. Total length 34.5 inches [876 mm.], culmen 1.1 [28], wing 9.0 [229], tail 17.5 [445], tarsus 3.4 [86]."

[6] Birds from some of these localities may be M. langhornei.

[7] It is possible that all the records of Ptilocolpa for Mindanao should be referred to P. mindanensis.

[8] Whitehead's diagnosis is as follows: "Similis P. griseipectori (Bp.), sed plaga præpectorali nigra, nec cinerea, facile distinguenda. Long. tot. 13.0 poll., alæ 8.3, caudæ 4.8, tarsi 0.85."

[9] The order Colymbiformes as used here is equivalent to order VIII Podicipedidiformes of Sharpe's Hand-List and not order IX Colymbiformes of that work. Tachybaptus Reichenbach is to be used for the genus or subgenus Podiceps Latham. Cf. Stone, Auk (1907), 24, 190; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1907), 24, 24.

[10] Mr. W. Eagle Clarke informs me that he has received a specimen of the Philippine grebe from Panay.

[11] As the Bureau of Science collection contains very few specimens belonging to the order Lariformes and as these are winter specimens only, the greater part of the specific descriptions of Philippine gulls and terns are copied from Saunders's excellent work, in volume 25 of the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum.

[12] Cf. Bureau, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest France (1904), 14, 227-256.

[13] While I have examined specimens of nearly all the species in this order which are known to occur in the Philippine Islands the material available to me is unsatisfactory as a basis for specific descriptions. This is due to the fact that most of the species under consideration are migrants and can be taken in the Philippines in non-breeding plumage only. Rather than present descriptions based upon inadequate material I have included here numerous quotations from Sharpe's monograph of the Limicolæ (Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum, volume 24) and from other standard works.

[14] The Ticao specimen was listed as Numenius arquata, McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List, p. 24; it is really a specimen of N. variegatus.

[15] "Ocrophus" is said to be a misprint.

[16] Cf. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1907), 24, 20.

[17] See also footnote under Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, p. 179.

[18] Cf. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1907), 24, 36.

[19] Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Wash. (1887), 10, 289, places this species in his subgenus Nannocnus and gives the following key:

a1. Tibiæ feathered nearly to the heel-joint; longest tail-feathers longer than middle toe without claw (Ardetta). ... A. sinensis a2. Tibiæ naked at the lower end, longest tail-feathers shorter than middle toe without claw (Nannocnus).

b1. Quills and tail-feathers blackish. ... A. eurhythma
b2. Quills and tail-feathers cinnamon-rufous. ... A. cinnamomea

The characters of Nannocnus seem to be, as stated by Stejneger, of no more than subgeneric value.

[20] All of the species of ducks here enumerated, except Marila marila, are represented in the Bureau of Science collection by specimens taken in the Philippine Islands, but with the exception of the abundant Dendrocygna arcuata these are adults only, in winter plumage. I have constructed keys and diagnoses from this material but for detailed descriptions I have depended almost entirely upon Salvadori's monograph in volume 27 of the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum.

[21] The white-faced tree duck, Dendrocygna viduata (Linnæus), has been recorded as a Philippine species; I believe it should be omitted from our list.

[22] Mr. W. Eagle Clarke informs us that he has received a specimen of this duck from Negros.

[23] The Phæthontidæ have the nostrils open and the interramal space feathered. No member of this family has been reported from the Philippine Islands.

[24] Through the interest of Mr. William Edmonds, teacher in the Batanes, a specimen of the tic-wee buzzard from Batan has been sent to the Bureau of Science. We are under obligations to Mr. Otto Sheerer for two live specimens of this species which were caught in Batan. Still another tic-wee buzzard was captured on board the U. S. S. Albatross in the vicinity of Camiguin Island, north of Luzon.

[25] The Sibuyan specimen was recorded as Falco peregrinus in Publ. Govt. Labs. (1905), 25, 11.

[26] Sharpe's diagnosis is as follows: "F. similis F. melanogeni, sed nigricantior, subtus ubique cinereo adumbratus, et subalaribus axillaribusque nigris, lineis parvulis albis transfasciatis. Long. tot. 15.5 poll., alæ 11.6, caudæ 5.5, tarsi 1.9."

[27] "The length of the bill varies considerably, some specimens, measured from the anterior margin of the cere, being only 30, others 34."

[28] Sharpe's diagnosis and remarks on this species are as follows: "S. similis S. umbratili, sed multo minor et omnino saturate brunnea, modo Scopino vermiculata et notata, sed regione auriculari rufo-brunnea concolore, et fasciis frontalibus et cervicalibus pallidis obsoletis.

"The above diagnosis well expresses the relations of this dark-colored Scops owl, which is more dingy in color than any species I know."

[29] Sharpe's diagnosis is as follows: "S. similis S. mantananensis sed alis extus vix albo notatis, et remigibus intus vix fasciatis distinguenda. Long. tot. 8.0 poll., alæ 6.0."

[30] "This bird is described as being most probably the same as the typical Sumatran N. scutulata (Raffl.)."

[31] Sharpe's diagnosis of this species follows: "Similis N. reyi, sed maculis pallidis primariorum paucis fulvescentibus, minime albo quadratim notatis, et abdomine, hypochondriis, et tibiis ochrascentifulvis, nec albis brunneo maculatis distinguenda. Long. tot. 9.5 poll., alæ 7.7."

[32] "Quant a la Chouette qui provient du meme [Sulu] archipel, on peut la distinguer immédiatement de l'espèce commune des Philippines (Ninox philippensis) par sa taille plus forte (o m. 29), par ses ailes beaucoup plus longues et depassant même l'extrémité de la quene, et enfin par son plumage roux, rayé transversalement de brun sur la tete et sur les épaules. Par ce dernier caractère, la chouette des îles Sooloo, que pourra être appelée Ninox Reyi, ressemble en peu au Glaucidium ou Athene cuculoides de l'Indo-Chine, espèce dont les ailes sont, du reste, beaucoup moins developpées." (Oustalet.)

[33] The descriptions given above are from a copy of the original, the essential part of which follows:

"Ich beschreibe ein altes vollausgafärbtes Weibchen dieser Eule wie folgt: Oberher rötlichbraun, schwach ins Olive spielend. Oberkopf, Kopfseiten, Hinterhals, Halsseiten und Mantel heller fahlrötlich schmal gebändert; auf Unterrücken und Bürzel wird diese Bindenzeichnung undeutlich, so dass diese Teile nahezu einfärbig erscheinen. Kinn hell. Kehlfedern hellfahl mit dunklen Schaflstrichen. Brust und Bauch auf lebhaft rotbraunem Grunde schmal schwärzlich gebändert. Flügelbug weiss. Skapularen und grosse Flügeldeckfedern mit einigen grösseren mattweissen Flecken auf der Aussenfahne. Schwingen erster Ordnung: Innenfahne einfärbig schwärzlich, Aussenfahne mit breiteren dunkelbraunen und schmaleren rötlichfahlen Bindenflecken. Auf den Tertiärschwingen erscheinen sehr undeutlich breite, dunklere Binden und längs des Randes der Aussenfahne hellfahle Fleckenspuren. Schwanzfedern mit gleichbreiten bräunlichen und dunkleren Binden. Untere Schwanzdecken hellfahl. Innere Flügeldecken hellbraunrötlich mit dunklerer Fleckung. Beine hellgelblich. Iris gelb. Ganze Länge circa 250 mm, Flügel 169 mm, Schwanz 80 mm.

"Ein zweites Exemplar gez. [male] unterscheidet sich nur dadurch, dass die Binden des Unterbauchs und der Hosen auf hellerem Grunde stehen. Auch auf Brust und Epigastrium ist die rotbraune Grundfarbe etwas heller. Flügel 168 mm, Schwanz 80 mm.

"Ein drittes Exemplar gez. [female]. Das Braunrot des Abdomen sehr feurig mit unregelmässiger und weniger deutlicher Bindenzeichnung. Flügel 168 mm, Schwanz 78 mm.

"Ein viertes Exemplar. Nestjunges Weibchen. Oberher olivenbräunlich. Nur auf dem Scheitel Bindenzeichnung. Unterher rotbräunlich mit Spuren von Binden auf der Brust. Die Federn des Bauches zeigen dunkle Schaftstriche. Untere Schwanzdecken hellfuchsrötlich. Die dunklen Flecken auf den Aussenfahnen der grösseren Schwingen stehen auf hellfahlem Grunde.

"Vergleicht man die vorstehende Beschreibung von Ninox Plateni Blas. mit den Beschreibungen von Ninox spilonotus und Ninox mindorensis so ist das Ergebniss ein unsicheres, wenig befriedigendes. Der Umstand, dass in der Beschreibung von Ninox spilonotus nur von Flecken und an keiner Stelle von Bindenzeichnung die Rede ist, sowie, dass die Innenfahnen der grösseren Schwingen als 'spotted and barred with light rufous brown' beschrieben werden, genügt vollkommen, um jeden Gedanken an Gleichartigkeit von N. Plateni und N. spilonotus auszuschliessen."

[34] Cf. Auk (1908), 25, 371.

[35] The validity of the following species is doubtful:

Prioniturus suluensis W. Blasius; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 29. Prioniturus discurus var. suluënsis Blasius, Jour. für Ornith. (1890), 140. Prioniturus suluensis Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 20, 419.

Adult.--"Very much like P. discurus, from which it differs in being larger and in the greater extension of the blue color on the crown, where it begins from the anterior edge of the forehead and extends to the occiput; also lores bluish green; on the nape and upper part of the back there is a very distinct olive patch, of the same color as the under parts. Length, 343; wing, 163; central tail-feathers, 165; lateral tail-feathers, 76; bill, 23; tarsus, 17." (Salvadori.)

"The Sulu bird (P. suluensis Blasius) has been separated on account of its larger size and the blue on the crown being more extended, beginning at the anterior edge of the forehead and extending to the occiput. Its larger size (wing 165 mm.) one can appreciate, but the supposed difference in the blue on the crown and other minor characters mentioned are equally found in birds from Basilan, Mindanao, etc., so that P. suluensis can only be considered a rather larger insular race of P. discurus, which it absolutely resembles in plumage." Grant, Ibis (1895), 263.

The blue on the crown and forehead seems to be a variable quantity in Prioniturus discurus and its allies and the status of suluensis and waterstradti can only be determined when good series from various localities are studied.

[36] In many specimens otherwise in adult plumage, the cheeks are green, but this seems to be invaded by extension of blue from the crown as the birds become older.

[37] The key is that of the Catalogue of Birds with slight changes.

[38] The status of the following is doubtful:

Loriculus sp. Salvadori.

Loriculus sp. Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 20,
530 (foot note); Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 36; McGregor and
Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 50.

Mindanao (Cuming).

"It is about the size of L. siquijorensis; in coloring it comes near the female of L. apicalis, but has the red of the crown not reaching the occiput; the tail above shows much blue towards the tip of the lateral feathers. I add the description of the specimen, which is not in very good condition: Green; forehead and vertex red; nape with a slight tinge of orange; cheeks and throat blue; rump and upper tail-coverts red; tail green above, the lateral feathers blue towards the tip; tail underneath deep blue; bill orange. Length, 165; wing, 98; tail, 44." (Salvadori.)

[39] The description of the male, as given by Dr. Finsch, is as follows:

"Altes Männchen. Oberseite des Kopfes, Hals und alle unteren Theile (einschliesslich der unteren Schwanzdecken) rostgelblichweiss; Wangen und Ohrgegend, von letzterer in einem breiteren Bande um die nackte Kehle sich herumziehend, braunschwarz; alle oberen Theile (einschliesslich der oberen Schwanz- und unteren Flugeldecken) dunkelbraun, mit schwach grünlichem Metallschimmer, der auf den dunkleren Schwingen deutlicher hervortritt (keine hellen Schwingensäume); Schwanzfedern schwarzbraun mit grünlichem Metallschimmer, die zwei mittelsten Federn (etwas unterhalb der Mitte) mit einer (25 mm.) breiten rostfarbenen Querbinde, die auf der folgenden nur halb so breit ist, auf der nächstfolgenden nur an der Innenfahne kleine hellrostfarbene Querflecke, die keine eigentliche Binde bilden; die zwei äussersten Schwanzfedern jederseits einfarbig braunschwarz; Schnabel schwarz, etwas rothbraun durchscheinend, der Aufsatz in ein röthliches Hornbraun übergehend, das gegen die Basis zu viel heller und etwas durchscheinend ist; auf der Basishälfte des Oberschnabels machen sich vier schwach vertiefte Furchen bemerkbar, die von der Mitte bis zum Schneidenrande herablaufen und sich als senkrechte gelbliche Streifen abheben; Unterschnabel mit drei schief nach vorn laufenden Längsrillen, von denen die basale röthlichbraun gefärbt ist; der nackte Augenkreis schmutzig fleischröthlich; die nackte Basis des Unterschnabels, wie die Nacktheit an Kinn und Kehle, schmutzig gelblich; Fusse hornschwarz.

"(Im Leben: 'Iris braunroth, Schnabel braunroth mit gelben Streifen an der Wurzel, Füsse dunkelgrau beinahe schwarz'; Eingeborenen-Name 'Talisi': van der Valk)."

[40] Cf. Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington (1906), 19, 68.

[41] The name Salangana Saint-Hilaire, 1837, proposed by Richmond to replace Collocalia, proves to have been used in a vernacular sense and therefore is not available. Cf. Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (1906), 58, 178.

[42] The late Mr. H. M. Ickis, geologist, Bureau of Science, found this species breeding in the Island of Polillo and collected nests and eggs as well as specimens of the bird.

[43] Some authors prefer Apus Scopoli, 1777, for this genus; Dr. Sharpe uses Cypselus Illiger, 1811. Cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich (1897), 1, 83; Sharpe, Hand-List, (1900), 2, (introduction); Allen, Auk (1901), 18, 121.

[44] The young in several genera are more or less barred and can not be determined by this key; the females in the genus Eudynamys have the entire plumage barred and spotted.

[45] The key is modified from that given by Grant, Ibis (1896), 471.

[46] In Sharpe's Hand-List, Calayan is given as one of the localities for this species, a slip for Catanduanes; no woodpecker is known from Calayan.

[47] Cf. references to Clarke under Thriponax hargitti.

[48] Cf. Grant, Ibis (1896), 473, under Thriponax mindorensis.

[49] Apart from the characters presented by the tarsal envelope, this division into suborders is fully justified by internal structures, but as these can not be examined in skins they are omitted above.

Key to the suborders of Passeriformes based upon internal characters.

a1. Intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the middle of the bronchial semirings, the muscles simple, small, and few. ... Mesomyodi a2. Intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the bronchial semirings, the muscles complex and numerous. ... Acromyodi

[50] The pittas are known to some authors as "ant thrushes" but the latter name belongs properly to certain members of the South American family Formicariidæ. The name "ground thrush" appears to have greater validity as the English name for the Pittidæ, but the use of the name "thrush" in connection with this family is misleading and unnecessary.

[51] See also the remarks on Pitta propinqua under the next preceding species.

[52] Cf. Pitta rothschildi, page 420.

[53] Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 331.

[54] The validity of this species appears to me very doubtful; the original description follows:

"Völlig abweichend aber präsentiert sich ein anscheinend männliches stück aus Marinduque (Philippinen), dessen Unterseite derartig stark mit Blau übertönt erscheint, dass von der grünen Farbe kaum noch eine Spur sichtbar bleibt. Das Weiss der Flügels in den Schwingen erscheint bei diesem interessanten Vogel, der zudem stärker ist wie die beiden anderen Philippiner, in ganz exzessivem Masse entwiekelt; der Brustfleck dagegen ist relativ klein. Das Kolorit des Steissgefieders ist in prächtiges Karsisinrot (nicht Zinnoberrot)." (Parrot.)

[55] Some species of the swallow family are known to European authors as sand martins, while other species are called house martins, but as, in the United States, the name martin is closely associated with the genus Progne, I prefer to retain the name swallow for all the species of Hirundinidæ known from the Philippine Islands.

[56] Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 204, recognizes H. fuliginosa as distinct from H. sibirica and gives Palawan as one of its localities. A flycatcher collected by Platen in Palawan is recorded by Blasius as H. sibirica and I have met with no reference to H. fuliginosa from that Island except as given by Sharpe.

[57] The islands of Bongao and Sulu are given here on the authority of Sharpe's Hand-List.

[58] Sharpe, Hand-List, gives the locality "Palawan (winter)" for this flycatcher; I have not found that it is recorded from Palawan.

[59] See also Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 107.

[60] This key is slightly modified from the one given by Grant, Ibis (1896), 542.

[61] Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 276, assigns the species C. nigrorum and C. olivacea to Abrornis. Oates says: "Abrornis resembles Cryptolopha in everything except the tail, which has ten feathers instead of twelve." As the species mentioned above have twelve rectrices I have put them in Cryptolopha.

[62] Cf. footnote under Cryptolopha olivacea, p. 474.

[63] Whitehead's diagnosis is as follows: "Similis C. montis sed rostro crassiore et uropygio sulphureo destinguenda."

[64] There is some doubt as to the species of Artamides found in Libagao, but it is in all probability A. mindorensis.

[65] Sharpe's diagnosis reads:

"Mas a mari E. morionis ex insula Celebensi vix diversus. Foem. tamen gastraeo toto cinereo concolore facile distinguenda." Sharpe should have compared the male with E. mindanense as well as with E. morio.

[66] This key can be used with adult birds only.

[67] No specimen of L. melanoleuca was collected on Semirara but "a bird, probably of this species, was seen."

[68] Cf. Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 309. I find no record of this Irena having been taken in Balabac.

[69] Mearns gives the following characters for this subspecies: "Similar to the Luzon guava bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier), but smaller, with relatively shorter tail, broader supraorbital white stripes, and a paler auricular patch." The comparative measurements given by Mearns are not convincing and I am not prepared to admit the validity of this subspecies.

[70] Leonardina (p. 537) probably belongs near Mixornis and Macronous; I have not seen it.

[71] The original description of Mixornis (=Zosterornis) plateni follows:

"Mixornis plateni, bedeutend kleiner als M. capitalis, mit welcher Form die Art, besonders von der Oberseite gesehen, eine gewisse Aehnlichkeit in der Färbung besitzt.

"Oberseite olivenbraun, Bürzel und Schwanzdeckfedern mehr rostfarben, am Vorderrücken weisse Schaftstriche. Ganzer Kopf, oben und an den Seiten, Nacken und Brust rothbraun mit feinen weissen Schaftstrichen. Kinn und Kehle mehr schwärzlich mit breiteren weissen Schaftflecken. Schwanzfedern einfarbig braun, an der Aussenfahne olivenfarben verwaschen. Ebenso die schwanz federn oberseits und die oberen Flügeldeckfedern. Untere Flügeldeckfedern und Achselfedern weisslich. Masse: [female] Long. tot. 12 cm. Ala 5.5 cm. Caud. 4.7 cm. Culmen 1.0 cm. Tarsus 1.5 cm. Type: Museum Brunsvicense."