Chapter XL: Appendix (5)

_Mythes_, how to be told, i. 2;
Hesiodic, traceable to Krête and Delphi, i. 15;
Grecian, origin of, i. 4, 52, 61 _seq._, 340 _seq._;
of the gods, discrepancies in, i. 53 _n._, 54;
contain gods, heroes and men, i. 64;
formed the entire mental stock of the early Greeks, i. 340, 359;
difficulty of regarding them in the same light as the ancients did,
i. 341;
Grecian, adapted to the personifying and patriotic tendencies of the
Greeks, i. 344 _seq._;
Grecian, beauty of, i. 351;
Grecian, how to understand properly, i. 351 _seq._;
how regarded by superior men in the age of Thucydides, i. 375;
accommodated to a more advanced age, i. 376 _seq._;
treatment of, by poets and logographers, i. 377 _seq._;
treatment of, by historians, i. 391 _seq._;
historicised, i. 409 _seq._;
treatment of, by philosophers, i. 418 _seq._;
allegorized, i. 419 _seq._;
semi-historical interpretation of, i. 433;
allegorical theory of, i. 436;
connection of, with mysteries, i, 436;
supposed ancient meaning of, i. 438;
Plato on, i. 441 _seq._, 420;
recapitulation of remarks on, i. 450 _seq._;
familiarity of the Greeks with, i. 456 _seq._;
bearing of, on Grecian art, i. 459 _seq._;
German, i. 363;
Grecian, proper treatment of, i. 487 _seq._;
Asiatic, iii. 221.

_Mythical_ world, opening of, i. 1;
sentiment in “Works and Days”, i. 68 _seq._;
geography, i. 246 _seq._;
faith in the Homeric age, i. 357;
genealogies, i. 445 _seq._;
age, gods and men undistinguishable in, i. 449;
events, relics of, i. 457;
account of the alliance between the Hêrakleids and Dorians, ii. 2;
races of Greece, ii. 19.

_Mythology_, Grecian, sources of our information on, i. 106;
German, Celtic, and Grecian, i. 462, 463;
Grecian, how it would have been affected by the introduction of
Christianity, B. C. 500, i. 467.

_Mythopæic_ faculty, stimulus to, i. 351;
age, the, i. 361;
tendencies, by what causes enfeebled, i. 361 _seq._;
tendencies in modern Europe, i. 469 _seq._

_Myûs_, iii. 172.

N.

_Napoleon_, analogy between his relation to the confederation of the
Rhine, and that of Alexander to the Greeks, xii. 51.

_Nature_, first regarded as impersonal, i. 368.

_Naukraries_, iii. 52, 65.

_Naukratis_, iii. 327, 335 _seq._

_Naupaktus_, origin of the name, ii. 3;
Pharmio’s victory near, vi. 206 _seq._;
Eurylochus’s attack upon, vi. 301;
Demosthenês at, vi. 301;
naval battle at, B. C. 413, vii. 358 _seq._

_Nausinikus_, census in the archonship of, x. 115 _seq._

_Naval_ attack, Athenian, vi. 63.

_Naxians_ and Sikels, defeat of Messenians by, vii. 135.

_Naxos_, early power of, iii. 165;
expedition of Aristagoras against, iv. 282 _seq._;
Datis at, iv. 330;
revolt and reconquest of, v. 307.

_Naxos in Sicily_, iii. 363, vii. 193, x. 468.

_Nearchus_, voyages of, xii. 233, 235, 237, 238.

_Nebuchadnezzar_, iii. 333.

_Necklaces_ of Eriphylê and Helen, i. 287 _seq._

_Nectanebus_, xi. 440.

_Negative_ side of Grecian philosophy, viii. 345.

_Neileus_, or _Nêleus_, i. 109, ii. 24, iii. 173.

_Nekôs_, iii. 329 _seq._

_Nektanebis_, x. 362, 366.

_Nêleids_ down to Kodrus, i. 111.

_Nêleus_ and Pelias, i. 107 _seq._

_Nemean_ lion, the, i. 7;
games, ii. 461, iv. 65 _seq._

_Nemesis_, i. 7.

_Neobulê_ and Archilochus, iv. 81.

_Neon the Cyreian_, ix. 136 _seq._, 147.

_Neon the Corinthian_, xi. 156 _seq._

_Neoptolemus, son of Achilles_, i. 188, 300, 305.

_Neoptolemus the actor_, xi. 373.

_Nephelê_, i. 123 _seq._

_Nereas_, i. 7.

_Nereids_, i. 7.

_Nessus_, the centaur, i. 150.

_Nestor_, i. 110.

_Niebelungen_ Lied, i. 479.

_Nikæa_ on the Hydaspes, xii. 229, 233.

_Nikanor_, xii. 339, 354 _seq._

_Nikias_, at Minôa, vi. 285;
position and character of, vi. 285 _seq._;
and Kleon, vi. 287 _seq._, 457 _seq._;
at Mêlos, vi. 295;
in the Corinthian territory, vi. 355 _seq._;
at Mendê and Skiônê, vi. 441 _seq._;
peace of, vi. 490 _seq._ vii. 1 _seq._;
and the Spartans taken at Sphakteria, vii. 6 _seq._;
embassy of, to Sparta, vii. 44;
and Alkibiadês, vii. 104 _seq._, viii. 158;
appointed commander of the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 148;
speeches and influence of, on the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415,
vii. 148 _seq._, 155, 159;
his plan of action in Sicily, vii. 191;
dilatory proceedings of, in Sicily, vii. 219, 225, 258 _seq._;
stratagem of, for approaching Syracuse, vii. 221;
at the battle near the Olympeion at Syracuse, vii. 220;
measures of, after his victory near the Olympeion at Syracuse,
vii. 223;
at Messênê in Sicily, vii. 223;
forbearance of the Athenians towards, vii. 225 _seq._;
at Katana, vii. 234;
in Sicily in the spring of B. C. 414, vii. 243;
his neglect in not preventing Gylippus’s approach to Sicily and
Syracuse, vii. 263 _seq._, 266 _seq._;
fortification of Cape Plenimyrium by, vii. 270;
at Epipolæ, vii. 272;
despatch of, to Athens for reinforcements, vii. 275 _seq._,
281 _seq._;
opposition of, to Demosthenês’s proposals for leaving Syracuse,
vii. 308 _seq._;
consent of, to retreat from Syracuse, vii. 313;
exhortations of, before the final defeat of the Athenians in the
harbor of Syracuse, vii. 321 _seq._;
and Demosthenês, resolution of, after the final defeat in the harbor
of Syracuse, vii. 330;
exhortations of, to the Athenians on their retreat from Syracuse,
vii. 333 _seq._;
and his division, surrender of, to Gylippus, vii. 343 _seq._,
347 _n._ 2;
and Demosthenês, treatment of, by their Syracusan conquerors,
vii. 346;
disgrace of, at Athens after his death, vii. 348;
opinion of Thucydidês about, vii. 349;
opinion and mistake of the Athenians about, vii. 351 _seq._

_Nikodromus_, v. 47.

_Nikoklês_, x. 26.

_Nikomachus the Athenian_, viii. 307 _seq._

_Nikomachus the Macedonian_, xii. 191, 194.

_Nikostratus_, vi. 271 _seq._, 440 _seq._

_Nikoteles_, x. 466.

_Nile_, the, iii. 309.

_Nineveh_, or _Ninus_, siege of, iii. 233;
capture of, iii. 255;
and Babylon, iii. 290;
site of, iii. 294 _n._ 2;
and its remains, iii. 305.

_Nine Ways_, nine defeats of the Athenians at the, x. 302 _n._ 1.

_Ninon_ and Kylon, iv. 409.

_Niobê_, i. 158.

_Nisæa_, alleged capture of, by Peisistratus, iii. 154 _n._;
connected with Megara by “Long Walls”, v. 324;
surrender of, to the Athenians, vi. 375 _seq._;
recovery of, by the Megarians, viii. 131.

_Nisus_, i. 205, 221.

_Nobles_, Athenian, early violence of, iv. 152.

_Nomads_, Libyan, iv. 35 _seq._

_Nomios_ Apollo, i. 61.

_Nomophylakes_, v. 371.

_Nomothetæ_, iii. 123, 125, v. 372, viii. 296.

_Non-Amphiktyonic_ races, ii. 270.

_Non-Hellenic_ practices, ii. 256.

_Non-Olympiads_, ii. 435.

_Notium_, iii. 183;
Pachês at, vi. 242;
recolonized from Athens, vi. 243;
battle of, viii. 153.

_Notus_, i. 6.

_Numidia_, Agathokles and the Carthaginians in, xii. 427.

_Nymphæum_, xi. 264, _n._ 1, xii. 480.

_Nymphs_, i. 5, 7.

_Nypsius_, xi. 107, 109, 111.

_Nyx_, i. 4, 6.

O.

_Oarus_, fortresses near, iv. 266.

_Oath_ of mutual harmony at Athens, after the battle of Ægospotami,
viii. 225.

_Obæ_ ar Obês, ii. 361.

_Ocean_, ancient belief about, iii. 286 _n._

_Oceanic_ nymphs, i. 6.

_Oceanus_, i. 5, 6, 8.

_Ochus_, x. 367, xi. 437 _seq._, xii. 75 _seq._

_Odeon_, building of, vi. 31.

_Odes_ at festivals in honor of gods, i. 52.

_Odin_ and other gods degraded into men, i. 466.

_Odrysian_ kings, vi. 215 _seq._

_Odysseus_, i. 290;
and Palamêdês, i. 294;
and Ajax, i. 299;
steals away the Palladium, i. 302;
return of, from Troy, i. 309;
final adventures and death of, i. 314 _seq._;
at the agora in the second book of the Iliad, ii. 70 _seq._

_Odyssey_ and Iliad, date, structure, authorship and character of,
ii. 118-209.

_Œchalia_, capture of, i. 151.

_Œdipus_, i. 265 _seq._

_Œneus_ and his offspring, i. 143 _seq._

_Œnoê_, vi. 127, viii. 83, ix. 353.

_Œnomaus_ and Pelops, i. 158.

_Œnônê_, i. 301 _n._ 3.

_Œnophyta_, Athenian victory at, v. 331.

_Œnotria_, iii. 350 _seq._

_Œnotrians_, iii. 351, 375, 393.

_Œta_, path over Mount, v. 78.

_Œtæi_, ii. 213.

_Office_, admissibility of Athenians citizens to, iv. 113.

_Ogygês_, i. 194.

_Okypetê_, i. 7.

_Olbia_, xii. 474 _seq._

_Oligarchical_ government, change from monarchical to, in Greece,
iii. 15 _seq._;
party at Athens, v. 365, viii. 235 _seq._, 300 _seq._;
Greeks, corruption of, vii. 401;
conspiracy at Samos, viii. 6 _seq._, 26 _seq._;
conspiracy at Athens, viii. 15, 31 _seq._;
exiles, return of, to Athens, viii. 232.

_Oligarchies_ in Greece, iii. 17, 29, 30, 31.

_Oligarchy_, conflict of, with despotism, iii. 28;
vote of the Athenian assembly in favor of, viii. 14;
establishment of, in Athenian allied cities, viii. 34;
of the Four Hundred, viii. 36 _seq._, 45 _seq._, viii. 75, 88 _seq._

_Olive trees_, sacred, near Athens, iii. 135 _n._ 2, vi. 267 _n._ 3.

_Olpæ_, Demosthenes’s victory at, vi. 303 _seq._

_Olympia_, Agesipolis, and the oracle at, ix. 356;
Lysias at, x. 73 _seq._;
panegyrical oration of Isokrates at, x. 77;
occupation of, by the Arcadians, x. 315, 322;
topography of, x. 319 _n._ 2;
plunder of, by the Arcadians, x. 322 _seq._

_Olympias_, xi. 262, 512, 516, 519;
and Antipater, xii. 68, 254, 256 _n._ 2;
intrigues of, after Alexander’s death, xii. 333;
return of, from Epirus to Macedonia, xii. 340 _seq._, 366;
death of, xii. 366;
Epirus governed by, xii. 395 _n._ 2.

_Olympic_ games, and Aëthlius, i. 100;
origin of, i. 140;
presidency of, ii. 10, 317 _seq._;
nature and importance of, ii. 241, 242;
the early point of union between Spartans, Messenians, and Eleians,
ii. 334;
and the Delian festival, iv. 54;
celebrity, history and duration of, iv. 55 _seq._;
interference of, with the defence of Thermopylæ, v. 77;
and the Karneia, v. 77 _n._;
conversation of Xerxes on, v. 113;
of the 90th Olympiad, vii. 52 _seq._;
celebration of, by the Arcadians and Pisatans, x. 318 _seq._;
legation of Dionysius to, xi. 28 _seq._

_Olympieion_ near Syracuse, battle of, vii. 219 _seq._

_Olympus_, ii. 211.

_Olympus, the Phrygian_, iii. 213 _n._, iv. 75.

_Olynthiac_, the earliest, of Demosthenês, xi. 327 _seq._;
the second, of Demosthenês, xi. 331 _seq._;
the third, of Demosthenês, xi. 335 _seq._

_Olynthiacs_ of Demosthenês, order of, xi. 358 _seq._

_Olynthian_ confederacy, x. 50 _seq._, 68, 381, xi. 324;
war, xi. 325-363.

_Olynthus_, iv. 24;
capture and re-population of, by Artabazus, v. 149;
increase of, by Perdikkas, vi. 69;
expedition of Eudamidas against, x. 58;
Teleutias at, x. 65 _seq._;
Agesipolis at, x. 67;
submission of, to Sparta, x. 68;
alliance of, rejected by the Athenians, xi. 236;
alliance of, with Philip, xi. 236 _seq._;
secedes from the alliance of Philip, and makes peace with Athens,
xi. 319;
hostility of Philip to, xi. 320;
Philip’s half-brothers flee to, xi. 321;
intrigues of Philip in, xi. 321;
attack of Philip upon, xi. 325, 381;
alliance of, with Athens, xi. 326;
renewed application of, to Athens, against Philip, xi. 331;
assistance from Athens to, B. C. 350, xi. 334;
three expeditions from Athens to, B. C. 349-348, xi. 334 _n._, 349;
expedition of Athenians to, B. C. 349, xi. 346, 347;
capture of, by Philip, xi. 350 _seq._, 364, 365, 372.

_Oneirus_, i. 7, ii. 185.

_Oneium_, Mount, Epaminondas at, x. 254.

_Onesilus_, iv. 292 _seq._

_Onomakles_, viii. 84 _seq._

_Onamakritus_, v. 3.

_Onomarchus_, and the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 255;
successes of, 256, 293;
at Chæroneia, xi. 257;
power of the Phokians under, xi. 261;
aid to Lykophron by, xi. 293;
death of, xi. 294.

_Ophellas_, xii. 428, 431 _seq._

_Ophis_, the, x. 36.

_Opici_, iii. 353.

_Opis_, Alexander’s voyage to, xii. 243.

_Oracle at Delphi_, legend of, i. 41;
and the Krêtans, i. 226 _n._ 2;
and the Battiad dynasty, iv. 43;
answers of, on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 60 _seq._

_Oracles_, consultation and authority of, among the Greeks, ii. 255;
in Bœotia consulted by Mardonius, v. 149.

_Orations_, funeral, of Periklês, vi. 31, 144 _seq._

_Orchomenians_, i. 313.

_Orchomenus_, ante-historical, i. 130 _seq._;
and Thêbes, i. 135, v. 159 _n._ 4, x. 194.

_Orchomenus_, early historical, ii. 273;
capitulation of, B. C. 418, vii. 75;
revolt of, from Thebes to Sparta, ix. 293;
and the Pan-Arcadian union, x. 209, 210;
destruction of, x. 311.

_Oreithyia_, i. 199.

_Orestês_, i. 163 _seq._;
and Agamemnôn transferred to Sparta, i. 165.

_Orestês_, bones of, ii. 447.

_Oreus_, xi. 449, 452.

_Orgies_, post-Homeric, i. 27.

_Orœtês_, iv. 226, 245.

_Orontês the Persian nobleman_, ix. 36, 40 _n._ 2.

_Orontês_, the Persian satrap, x. 22, 24.

_Orôpus_, vi. 383 _n._ 2, viii. 25, x. 286.

_Orphans_ in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 91.

_Orpheotelestæ_, iii. 87.

_Orpheus_, i. 21, 22.

_Orphic_ Theogony, i. 16 _seq._;
egg, i. 18;
life, the, i. 23;
brotherhood, i. 34.

_Orsines_, xii. 237.

_Orthagoridæ_, iii. 33 _seq._

_Orthros_, i. 7.

_Ortygês_, iii. 187.

_Ortygia_, iii. 363;
fortification and occupation of, by Dionysius, x. 458 _seq._;
Dionysius besieged in, x. 462 _seq._;
blockade of, by Dion, xi. 95, 98, 114;
sallies of Nypsius from, xi. 107, 109, 111;
Dion’s entry into, xi. 117;
surrender of, to Timoleon, xi. 150 _seq._;
advantage of, to Timoleon, xi. 155;
siege of, by Hiketas and Magon, xi. 156 _seq._;
Timoleon’s demolition of the Dionysian works in, xi. 165;
Timoleon erects courts of justice in, xi. 165.

_Oscan_, Latin and Greek languages, iii. 354.

_Oscans_, iii. 353.

_Ossa_ and Pelion, ii. 214.

_Ostracism_, similarity of, to Solon’s condemnation of neutrality in
sedition, iii. 145, 147 _seq._, vii. 108 _seq._;
of Hyperbolus, iv. 151, vii. 101 _seq._;
of Kimon, v. 366;
of Thucydidês, son of Melêsias, vi. 19;
projected contention of, between Nikias and Alkibiadês,
vii. 106 _seq._;
at Syracuse, vii. 122.

_Otanês_, iv. 223, 249 _seq._, 277.

_Othryadês_, ii. 449.

_Othrys_, ii. 213 _seq._

_Otos_ and Ephialtês, i. 136.

_Ovid_ at Tomi, xii. 474 _n._

_Oxus_ crossed by Alexander, xii. 201.

_Oxylus_, i. 153, ii. 4, 9.

_Oxythemis Korônæus_, ii. 332 _n._ 2.

P.

_Pachês_, at Mitylênê, vi. 226, 237 _seq._;
at Notium, vi. 242;
pursues the fleet of Alkidas to Patmos, vi. 241;
sends Mitylenæan prisoners to Athens, vi. 243;
crimes and death of, vi. 258.

_Pæonians_, iv. 15;
conquest of, by Megabazus, iv. 276;
victory of Philip over, xi. 214.

_Pagasæ_, conquest of, by Philip, xi. 295;
importance of the Gulf of, to Philip, xi. 303.

_Pagondas_, vi. 384 _seq._

_Paktyas, the Lydian_, iv. 200 _seq._

_Palæmon_ and Inô, i. 124.

_Palæphatus_, his treatment of mythes, i. 415 _seq._

_Palamêdês_, i. 294.

_Palikê_, foundation of, vii. 123.

_Palladium_, capture of, i. 302.

_Pallakopas_, xii. 250.

_Pallas_, i. 6, 8.

_Pallas, son of Pandiôn_, i. 205.

_Pallênê_, i. 318, iv. 24.

_Palus Mæotis_, tribes east of, iii. 242.

_Pammenes_, expedition of, to Megalopolis, x. 359, xi. 257, 299.

_Pamphyli_, Hylleis, and Dymanes, ii. 360.

_Pamphylia_, conquest of, by Alexander, xii. 99.

_Panaktum_, vii. 24, 29.

_Pan-Arcadian Ten Thousand_, x. 232, 322.

_Pan-Arcadian union_, x. 208 _seq._, 321 _seq._

_Pandiôn_, i. 196.

_Pandiôn, son of Phineus_, i. 199.

_Pandiôn II._, i. 204.

_Pandôra_, i. 71, 76 _seq._

_Pan-Hellenic_ proceeding, the earliest approach to, iv. 50;
feeling, growth of, between B. C. 776-560, iv. 51;
character of the four great games, iv. 67;
congress at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 57 _seq._;
patriotism of the Athenians on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 62;
union under Sparta after the repulse of Xerxes, v. 260;
schemes and sentiment of Periklês, vi. 18;
pretences of Alexander, xii. 51.

_Pan-Ionic_ festival and Amphiktyony in Asia, iii. 177.

_Panoptês_, Argos, i. 84.

_Pantaleôn_, ii. 434.

_Pantikapæum_, xii. 479 _seq._, 487.

_Pantitês_, story of, v. 94 _n._ 1.

_Paphlagonia_, submission of, to Alexander, xii. 111.

_Paphlagonians_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 144.

_Paragraphê_, viii. 299.

_Parali_, at Samos, viii. 29.

_Paralus_, arrival of, at Athens from Samos, viii. 30.

_Paranomôn_, Graphê, v. 375 _seq._, viii. 36.

_Parasang_, length of, ix. 14 _n._ 3.

_Paris_, i. 286 _seq._, 301.

_Parisades I._, xii. 482.

_Parmenidês_, viii. 343, 344 _n._

_Parmenio_, embassy of, from Philip to Athens, xi. 386, 388, 389, 398,
401;
operations of, in Asia Minor against Memnon, xii. 49;
debate of, with Alexander at Milêtus, xii. 92;
captures Damascus, xii. 128;
at the battle of Arbela, xii. 158, 159, 164, 165;
invested with the chief command at Ekbatana, xii. 181;
family of, xii. 190;
alleged conspiracy and assassination of, xii. 196 _seq._

_Paropamisadæ_, subjugation of, by Alexander, xii. 200.

_Paros_, Theramenês at, viii. 118.

_Partheniæ_, iii. 387.

_Parthenon_, vi. 21, 22;
records of offerings in, xi. 249 _n._, 252 _n._ 3.

_Parthia_, Darius pursued by Alexander into, xii. 182 _seq._

_Partition of lands_ ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 380, 393 _seq._,
401 _seq._;
proposed by Agis, iii. 399, 401.

_Parysatis, wife of Darius Nothus_, ix. 61, 72.

_Parysatis, daughter of Darius Nothus_, xii. 241.

_Pasimêlus_, ix. 331 _seq._

_Pasion_, and Xenias, ix. 28.

_Pasiphaë_ and the Minôtaur, i. 220.

_Pasippidas_, banishment of, viii. 128.

_Patizeithês_, conspiracy of, iv. 223.

_Patrokleidês_, amnesty proposed by, viii. 224.

_Patroklus_, treatment of, in the Iliad, ii. 177.

_Patronymic_ names of demes, iii. 63 _n._ 2.

_Patrôus_ Apollo, i. 50.

_Pattala_, xii. 235 _n._ 4.

_Pausanias, the historian_, on the Achæans, i. 104;
his view of mythes, i. 414;
his history of the Bœotians between the siege of Troy and the Return
of the Hêrakleids, ii. 16;
his account of the Messenian wars, ii. 425 _seq._, 428 _seq._;
on Iphikrates at Corinth, B. C. 369, x. 238 _n._

_Pausanias, the Spartan regent_, at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 165;
at Platæa, v. 168 _seq._, 177 _seq._;
misconduct of, after the battle of Platæa, v. 178 _seq._, 181;
conduct of, after losing the command of the Greeks, v. 269;
detection and death of, v. 272 _seq._;
and Themistoklês, v. 273, 282.

_Pausanias the Spartan king_, and Lysander, viii. 262;
his expedition to Attica, viii. 275 _seq._;
his attack upon Peiræus, viii. 276;
his pacification between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at
Peiræus, viii. 277 _seq._;
in Bœotia, ix. 295 _seq._;
condemnation of, ix. 297 _seq._;
and the democratical leaders of Mantinea, x. 37.

_Pausanias the Macedonian_, x. 249, xi. 515 _seq._

_Pedaritus_, vii. 399, 391, viii. 19.

_Pedieis_, iii. 93.

_Pedigrees_, mythical, connect _gentes_, i. 193.

_Pegasus_, i. 4, 122.

_Peiræum_, Athenian victory near, vii. 369;
defeat of the Athenian fleet near, vii. 381;
capture of, by Agesilaus, ix. 343, 345 _seq._;
recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.

_Peiræus_, fortification of, by Themistoklês, v. 249 _seq._;
and Athens, Long Walls between, v. 324 _seq._, viii. 229,
ix. 333 _seq._;
improvements at, under Periklês, vi. 20;
departure of the armament for Sicily from, vii. 181;
walls built at, by the Four Hundred, viii. 63;
approach of the Lacedæmonian fleet under Agesandridas to,
viii. 66, 71;
Thrasybulus at, viii. 272 _seq._;
king Pausanias’s attack upon, viii. 276;
attack of Teleutias on, ix. 377 _seq._;
attempt of Sphodrias to surprise, x. 98 _seq._;
seizure of, by Nikanor, xii. 346.

_Peisander_, and the mutilation of the Hermæ, vii. 200;
and the conspiracy of the Four Hundred, viii. 8, 12, 13 _seq._, 21,
26, 33 _seq._;
statements respecting, viii. 32 _n._;
punishment of, viii. 88.

_Peisander, the Lacedæmonian admiral_, ix. 274, 283.

_Peisistratids_, and Thucydidês iv. 112 _n._ 2;
fall of the dynasty of, iv. 122;
with Xerxes in Athens, v. 115 _seq._

_Peisistratus_, iii. 153 _seq._, iv. 102 _seq._, 117.

_Peithias, the Korkyræan_, vi. 268 _seq._

_Pelasgi_, ii. 261 _seq._;
in Italy, iii. 351;
of Lemnos and Imbros, iv. 277.

_Pelasgikon_, oracle about the, vi. 129 _n._ 2.

_Pelasgus_, i. 173.

_Pêleus_, i. 114, 187 _seq._

_Pelias_, i. 108 _seq._, 114 _seq._

_Pelion_ and Ossa, ii. 214.

_Pella_, embassies from Grecian states at, B. C. 346, xi. 404 _seq._;
under Philip, xii. 66.

_Pellênê_, i. 318;
and Phlius, x. 271.

_Pelopidas_, escape of, to Athens, x. 61;
conspiracy of, against the philo-Laconian rulers at Thebes,
x. 81 _seq._;
slaughter of Leontiades by, x. 86;
and Epaminondas, x. 121;
victory of, at Tegyra, x. 134;
in Thessaly, x. 249, 263, 283 _seq._, 303, 307 _seq._;
and Philip, x. 249 _n._ 2, 264;
and Alexander of Pheræ, x. 282 _seq._;
death of, x. 308.

_Pelopidas_, i. 153 _seq._, 160.

_Peloponnesian_ war, its injurious effects upon the Athenian empire,
vi. 46;
war, commencement of, vi. 103-153;
fleet, Phormio’s victories over, vi. 196 _seq._, 203 _seq._;
war, agreement of the Peloponnesian confederacy at the commencement
of, vii. 19 _n._;
allies, synod of, at Corinth, B. C. 412, vii. 368;
fleet of under Theramenês, vii. 387 _seq._;
fleet at Rhodes, vii. 400 _seq._, viii. 94;
fleet, return of, from Rhodes to Milêtus, viii. 25;
fleet discontent in, Milêtus, viii. 95, 97 _seq._;
fleet, capture of, at Kyzikus, viii. 121;
fleet, pay of, by Cyrus, viii. 143;
confederacy, assembly of, at Sparta, B. C. 404, viii. 228;
confederacy, Athens at the head of, B. C. 371, x. 201;
allies of Sparta after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280.

_Peloponnesians_, immigrant, ii. 303;
conduct of, after the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 106;
and Mardonius’s approach, v. 154 _seq._;
and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 _seq._, 247;
five years’ truce of, with Athens, v. 334;
position and views of, in commencing the Peloponnesian war,
vi. 94 _seq._, 113, 124 _seq._;
invasions of Attica, by, under Archidamus, vi. 126 _seq._, 154;
slaughter of neutral prisoners by, vi. 182;
and Ambrakiots attack Akarnania, vi. 194 _seq._;
application of revolted Mitylenæans to, vi. 226 _seq._;
and Ætolians attack Naupaktus, vi. 301;
and Tissaphernês, vii. 387, 395 _seq._, viii. 4, 21 _seq._, 113 _seq._;
defeat of, at Kynossêma, viii. 109 _seq._;
at Abydos, viii. 117;
aid of Pharnabazus to, viii. 126;
letters of Philip to, xi. 492.

_Peloponnesus_, eponym of, i. 154;
invasion and division of, by the Hêrakleids, ii. 4;
mythical tide of the Dorians to, ii. 6;
extension of Pindus through, ii. 212;
distribution of, about B. C. 450, ii. 299 _seq._;
difference between the distribution, B. C. 450 and 776, ii. 302;
population of, which was believed to be indigenous, ii. 303;
southern inhabitants of, before the Dorian invasion, ii. 337;
events in, during the first twenty years of the Athenian hegemony,
v. 315 _seq._;
voyage of Tolmidês round, v. 331;
ravages of, by the Athenians, vi. 135, 164;
political relations in, B. C. 421, vii. 23;
expedition of Alkibiadês into the interior of, vii. 63;
expedition of Konon and Pharnabazus to, ix. 322;
circumnavigation of, by Timotheus, x. 132;
proceedings in, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 198, 242;
expedition of Epaminondas to, x. 215 _seq._, 254 _seq._, 266 _seq._,
328 _seq._;
state of, B. C. 362, x. 313 _seq._;
visits of Dion to, xi. 61;
disunion of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 199;
affairs of, B. C. 354-352, xi. 290 _seq._;
war in, B. C. 352-351, xi. 299;
intervention of Philip in, after B. C. 346, xi. 443;
expedition of Philip to, xi. 511;
Kassander and Polysperchon in, xii. 360, 365;
Kassander and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, in, xii. 368, 369.

_Pelops_, i. 154 _seq._

_Pelusium_, Alexander at, xii. 146.

_Penal_ procedure at Athens, iv. 366 _n._

_Penestæ_, Thessalian, ii. 279 _seq._

_Pentakosiomedimni_, iii. 117.

_Pentapolis_ on the south-west coast of the Euxine, xii. 458, 472.

_Pentekontêrs_, Spartan, ii. 459.

_Pentekostys_, i. 458.

_Penthesileia_, ii. 209, 298.

_Pentheus_ and Agavê, i. 262 _seq._

_Perdikkas I._, iv. 17.

_Perdikkas II._, relations and proceedings of, towards Athens,
vi. 67 _seq._, 71, 141, 370, 448 _seq._, vii. 96, 104;
and Sitalkês, xi. 217, 220;
application of, to Sparta, vi. 398;
and Brasidas, relations between, vi. 369, 448, 450 _seq._;
joins Sparta and Argos, vii. 96;
death of, x. 46.

_Perdikkas, brother of Philip_, x. 300, 301, 370, 382, xi. 205 _seq._

_Perdikkas, Alexander’s general_, xii. 256, 319, 333 _seq._, 337.

_Pergamum_, i. 286 _n._ 5, 324.

_Pergamus_, custom in the temple of Asklêpius at, i. 301 _n._ 4.

_Pergamus in Mysia_, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 172 _seq._

_Periander, the Corinthian despot_, power and character of,
iii. 41 _seq._

_Perikles_, difference between the democracy after, and the
constitution of Kleisthenês, iv. 148;
effect of, on constitutional morality, iv. 163;
at the battle of Tanagra, v. 328;
expeditions of, to Sikyon and Akarnania, v. 332;
policy of, B. C. 450, v. 342;
reconquest of Eubœa by, v. 349;
and Ephialtês, constitution of dikasteries by, v. 355 _seq._;
and Kimon, v. 362 _seq._;
public life and character of, v. 362 _seq._;
and Ephialtês, judicial reform of, v. 355 _seq._, 366 _seq._;
real nature of the constitutional changes effected by,
v. 367 _seq._;
commencement of the ascendancy of, v. 370;
and Kimon, compromise between, v. 329, 371;
his conception of the relation between Athens and her allies, vi. 4;
and Athenian kleruchs by, vi. 10;
and Thucydidês, son of Melêsias, vi. 15 _seq._;
Pan-Hellenic schemes and sentiment of, vi. 18;
city-improvements at Athens under, vi. 20 _seq._, 23 _seq._;
sculpture at Athens under, vi. 22;
attempt of, to convene a Grecian congress at Athens, vi. 25;
Sophoklês, etc., Athenian armament under, vi. 27 _seq._;
funeral orations of, vi. 31, 143 _seq._;
demand of the Spartans for his banishment, vi. 97, 105;
indirect attacks of his political opponents upon, vi. 98 _seq._;
his family relations, and connection with Aspasia, vi. 101, 102;
charge of peculation against, vi. 103 _seq._;
stories of his having caused the Peloponnesian war, vi. 104 _n._;
speech of, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 107 _seq._;
and the ravages of Attica by Archidamus, vi. 128 _seq._;
last speech of, xii. 165 _seq._;
accusation and punishment of, vi. 168 _seq._;
old age and death of, vi. 170 _seq._;
life and character of, vi. 172 _seq._;
new class of politicians at Athens after, vi. 171 _seq._;
and Nikias compared, vi. 287.

_Perriklymenos_, i. 112 _seq._

_Perinthus_, iv. 27;
and Athens, viii. 126, xi. 461;
siege of, by Philip, xi. 454, 458.

_Periœki_, ii. 364 _seq._, 369, 371 _n._ 2;
Libyan, iv. 40, 42, 45.

_Pêrô_, Bias and Melampus, i. 110 _seq._

_Perseid_ dynasty, i. 91.

_Persephonê_, i. 10;
mysteries of, v. 208 _n._ 2.

_Persepolis_, Alexander’s march from Susa to, xii. 170 _seq._;
Alexander at, xii. 172 _seq._, 237;
Alexander’s return from India to, xii. 237.

_Persês_, i. 6.

_Perseus_, exploits of, i. 89 _seq._

_Persia_, application of Athens for alliance with, iv. 165;
state of, on the formation of the confederacy of Delos, v. 267;
treatment of Themistoklês in, v. 284 _seq._;
operations of Athens and the Delian confederacy against,
v. 303 _seq._;
and Athens, treaty between, B. C. 450, v. 335 _seq._;
Asiatic Greeks not tributary to, between B. C. 477-412,
v. 337 _n._ 2;
surrender of the Asiatic Greeks by Sparta to, ix. 205;
and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 385 _seq._, x. 2 _seq._, 158;
applications of Sparta and Athens to, x. 5 _seq._;
hostility of, to Sparta after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8;
unavailing efforts of, to reconquer Egypt, x. 13;
and Evagoras, x. 20 _seq._;
Spartan project against, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks,
x. 44;
application of Thebes to, x. 277 _seq._;
embassy from Athens to, B. C. 366, x. 293;
state of, B. C. 362, x. 360, 366;
alarm at Athens about, B. C. 354, xi. 285;
projected invasion of, by Philip, xi. 511 _seq._;
correspondence of Demosthenes with, xii. 20 _seq._;
accumulation of royal treasures in, xii. 175 _n._ 3;
roads in, xii. 180 _n._

_Persian_ version of the legend of Io, i. 86;
noblemen, conspiracy of, against the false Smerdis, iv. 223 _seq._;
empire, organization of, by Darius Hystaspês, iv. 233 _seq._;
envoys to Macedonia, iv. 276;
armament against Cyprus, iv. 292;
force against Milêtus, iv. 299;
fleet at Ladê, iv. 304;
fleet and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 307;
armament under Datis, iv. 329 _seq._, 345;
fleet before the battle of Salamis, v. 85 _seq._, 99 _seq._, 113,
119, 125, 127 _nn._;
army, march of, from Thermopylæ to Attica, v. 114 _seq._;
fleet at Salamis, v. 130 _seq._;
fleet after the battle of Salamis, v. 137, 147;
army under Mardonius, v. 154 _seq._;
fleet at Mykalê, v. 191;
army at Mykalê, v. 193;
army, after the defeat at Mykalê, v. 198;
war effect of, upon Athenian political sentiment, v. 274;
kings, from Xerxes to Artaxerxes Mnemon, vi. 362 _seq._;
cavalry, and the retreating Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 89 _seq._;
empire, distribution of, into satrapies and subsatrapies, ix. 209;
preparations for maritime war against Sparta, B. C. 397, ix. 255,
268;
king, Thebans obtain money from, xi. 302;
forces in Phrygia on Alexander’s landing, xii. 75, 78;
Gates, Alexander at, xii. 171;
fleet and armies, hopes raised in Greece by, B. C. 334-331,
xii. 276.

_Persians_, condition of, at the rise of Cyrus the Great, iv. 187;
conquests of, under Cyrus the Great, iv. 209, 216 _seq._;
the first who visited Greece, iv. 257 _seq._;
conquest of Thrace by, under Darius Hystaspês, iv. 273;
successes of, against the revolted coast of Asia Minor, iv. 289;
attempts of, to disunite the Ionians at Ladê, iv. 300;
narrow escape of Miltiadês from, iv. 307;
cruelties of, at Milêtus, iv. 308;
attempted revolt of Thasos from, iv. 314;
at Marathon, iv. 333, 345 _seq._;
after the battle of Marathon, iv. 351, 352;
change of Grecian feeling towards, after the battle of Marathon,
iv. 355;
their religious conception of history, v. 10;
at Thermopylæ, v. 83, 85 _seq._;
in Psyttaleia, v. 128, 136;
at Salamis, v. 131 _seq._;
at Platæa, v. 163 _seq._;
at Mykalê, v. 197;
between Xerxes and Darius Codomannus, v. 241;
necessity of Grecian activity against, after the battles of Platæa
and Mykalê, v. 296;
mutilation inflicted by, ix. 9;
heralds from, to the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 52;
impotence and timidity of, ix. 75;
imprudence of, in letting Alexander cross the Hellespont, xii. 78;
defeat of, at the Granikus, xii. 80 _seq._;
defeat of, at Issus, xii. 118 _seq._;
incorporation of, in the Macedonian phalanx, xii. 251.

_Persis_, subjugation of, by Alexander, xii. 177;
Alexander’s return from India to, xii. 237.

_Personages_, quasi-human, in Grecian mythology, i. 342 _seq._

_Personal_ ascendency of the king in legendary Greece, ii. 61;
feeling towards the gods, the king, or individuals in legendary
Greece, ii. 80 _seq._;
sympathies the earliest form of social existence, ii. 84.

_Personalities_, great predominance of, in Grecian legend, ii. 74.

_Personality_ of divine agents in mythes, i. 2.

_Personification_, tendency of the ancient Greeks to, i. 342 _seq._;
of the heavenly bodies by Boiocalus, the German chief, i. 345 _n._

_Pestilence_ and suffering at Athens after the Kylonian massacre,
iii. 84.

_Petalism_ at Syracuse, iv. 163, vii. 122.

_Peuke_, xii. 23, 25 _n._ 2.

_Peukestes_, xii. 234, 238.

_Pezetæri_, xii. 59.

_Phæax_, expedition of, to Sicily, vii. 143.

_Phalækus_ succeeds to the command of the Phokians, xi. 301;
decline of the Phokians under, xi. 374, 418;
opposition to, in Phokis, xi. 375;
opposition of, to aid from Athens to Thermopylæ, xi. 376;
position of, at Thermopylæ, xi. 375, 418 _seq._;
death of, xi. 434.

_Phalanthus_, œkist of Tarentum, iii. 387 _seq._

_Phalanx_, Macedonian, xi. 501, xii. 57 _seq._, 251.

_Phalaris_, iv. 378, v. 204.

_Phalerium_, Xerxes at, v. 118.

_Phalinus_, ix. 52.

_Phanes_, and Zeus, i. 18.

_Phanosthenes_, viii. 159.

_Pharakidas_, x. 504 _seq._

_Pharax_, ix. 270, 271 _n._ 3.

_Pharax the officer of Dionysius_, xi. 115, 116, 133.

_Pharis_, conquest of, ii. 420.

_Pharnabazus_ and Tissaphernês, embassy from, to Sparta, vii. 366;
and Derkyllidas, viii. 94;
and Athens, viii. 114, 125;
Athenian victory over, viii. 130;
convention of, about Chalkêdon, viii. 132;
and Alkibiades, viii. 133, 311 _seq._;
and Greek envoys, viii. 135, 137;
after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 311;
and Anaxibius, ix. 154, 166;
and Lysander, ix. 204;
and the subsatrapy of Æolis, ix. 210 _seq._;
and Agesilaus, ix. 269, 279 _seq._;
and Konon, ix. 283, 322, 325 _seq._;
and Abydos, ix. 324;
and the anti-Spartan allies at Corinth, ix. 327;
and the Syracusans, x. 386;
anti-Macedonian efforts of, xii. 127;
capture of, with his force, at Chios, xii. 142.

_Pharsalus_, Polydamas of, x. 137 _seq._;
and Halus, xi. 411.

_Phaselis_, Alexander at, xii. 100.

_Phayllus_, xi. 293, 297 _seq._, 301.

_Pheidias_, vi. 23, 102.

_Pheidôn the Temenid_, ii. 314;
claims and projects of, as representative of Hêraklês, ii. 316;
and the Olympic games, ii. 316 _seq._;
coinage and scale of, ii. 318 _seq._, 323 _seq._;
various descriptions of, ii. 320.

_Pheidôn, one of the Thirty_, viii. 271, 293.

_Phenicia_, ante-Hellenic colonies from, to Greece not probable,
ii. 262 _seq._;
situation and cities of, iii. 267;
reconquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438, 440 _n._ 3;
Alexander in, xii. 130 _seq._, 150.

_Phenician_ version of the legend of Io, i. 86;
colonies, iii. 271 _seq._;
fleet at Aspendus, viii. 99, 100, 114;
towns, surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130, 132.

_Phenicians_ in Homeric times, ii. 103 _seq._;
historical, iii. 204, 289, 303, 308, 342 _seq._;
and Persians, subjugation of Cyprus by, iv. 293;
and Persians at Milêtus, iv. 300 _seq._;
and Persians, reconquest of Asiatic Greeks by, iv. 307;
and the cutting through Athos, v. 24;
and Greeks in Sicily, v. 207;
in Cyprus, x. 14 _seq._

_Pheræ, Jason of_, x. 138 _seq._, x. 147 _n._, 153, 189 _seq._,
195 _seq._

_Pheræ, Alexander of_, x. 248, xi. 202 _seq._;
despots of, xi. 202 _seq._;
Philip and the despots of, xi. 261, 292, 294 _seq._;
Philip takes the oath of alliance with Athens at, xi. 417;
Alexander of, and Pelopidas, 256, 277 _seq._, 297, 301 _seq._;
Alexander of, subdued by the Thebans, x. 309 _seq._;
hostilities of Alexander of, against Athens, x. 369.

_Pherekydes_, i. 390, iv. 390.

_Phretime_, iv. 45 _seq._

_Philæus_, eponym of an Attic dême, i. 189.

_Philaidæ_, origin of, i. 189.

_Philip of Macedon_, detained as a hostage at Thebes, x. 249 _n._ 1,
263, xi. 207 _seq._;
accession of, x. 382, xi. 212 _seq._;
as subordinate governor in Macedonia, xi. 207, 208;
position of, on the death of Perdikkas, xi. 209;
capture of Amphipolis by, xi. 232 _seq._;
his alliance with Olynthus and hostilities against Athens,
xi. 236 _seq._;
capture of Pydna and Potidæa by, xi. 237 _seq._;
increased power of, B. C. 358-356, xi. 239;
marriage of, with Olympias, xi. 240;
intrigue of, with Kersobleptes against Athens, xi. 158;
his activity, and conquest of Methônê, xi. 259 _seq._;
and the despots of Pheræ, xi. 261, 292 _seq._;
development of Macedonian military force under, xi. 282 _seq._;
and Onomarchus, xi. 293;
conquest of Pheræ and Pagasæ by, xi. 295;
checked at Thermopylæ by the Athenians, xi. 296;
power and attitude of, B. C. 352-351, xi. 322;
naval power and operations of, B. C. 351, xi. 297 _seq._;
in Thrace, B. C. 351, xi. 301;
hostility of, to Olynthus, B. C. 351-350, xi. 320;
flight of his half-brothers to Olynthus, xi. 321;
intrigues of, in Olynthus, xi. 322;
destruction of the Olynthian confederacy by, xi. 324, 325, 331,
350 _seq._, 364;
Athenian expedition to Olynthus against, xi. 334;
intrigues of, in Eubœa, xi. 339;
and Athens, overtures for peace between, B. C. 348, xi. 369 _seq._;
Thebans invoke the aid of, against the Phokians, xi. 375;
and Thermopylæ, xi. 377, 407, 410, 416, 421, 424;
embassies from Athens to, xi. 375 _seq._, 401 _seq._, 422;
envoys to Athens from, xi. 386, 387, 390, 398, 401;
synod of allies at Athens about, xi. 388;
peace and alliance between Athens, and, xi. 390 _seq._, 409,
429 _seq._, 442, 446 _seq._;
fabrications of Æschines and Philokrates about, xi. 398, 408, 409,
412 _seq._;
in Thrace, xi. 402, 404, 450 _seq._;
letter of, taken by Æschines to Athens, xi. 410, 416;
surrender of Phokis to, xi. 421;
declared sympathy of, with the Thebans, B. C. 346, xi. 421;
visit of Æschines to, in Phokis, xi. 423;
admitted into the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 425;
ascendancy of, B. C. 346, xi. 428 _seq._;
named president of the Pythian festival, xi. 428;
position of, after the Sacred War, xi. 434;
letter of Isokrates to, xi. 436;
movements of, after B. C. 346, xi. 443 _seq._;
warnings of Demosthenês against, after B. C. 346, xi. 444;
mission of Python from, to Athens, xi. 446;
and Athens, dispute between about Halonnesus, xi. 448 _seq._;
and Kardia, xi. 450;
and Athens, disputes between, about the Bosporus and Hellespont,
xi. 450;
at Perinthus and the Chersonese, xi. 454, 458 _seq._;
and Athens, declaration of war between, xi. 454 _seq._;
makes peace with Byzantium, Chios, and other islands, attacks the
Scythians, and is defeated by the Triballi, xi. 461;
and the Amphissians, xi. 480 _seq._, 497;
re-fortification of Elateia by, xi. 482, 484 _seq._;
application of, to Thebes for aid in attacking the Athenians,
xi. 483 _seq._, 489;
alliance of Athens and Thebes against, xi. 490 _seq._, 593 _seq._;
letters of, to the Peloponnesians for aid, xi. 492;
victory of, at Chæroneia, xi. 497 _seq._, 505;
military organization of, xi. 501, xii. 56 _seq._;
and the Athenians, peace of Demades between, xi. 507 _seq._;
honorary votes at Athens in favor of, xi. 509;
expedition of, into Peloponnesus, xi. 510;
at the congress at Corinth, xi. 511;
preparations of, for the invasion of Persia, xi. 512;
repudiates Olympias, and marries Kleopatra, xi. 512;
and Alexander, dissensions between, xi. 513;
assassination of, xi. 514 _seq._, xii. 6 _seq._;
character of, xi. 519 _seq._;
discord in the family of, xii. 4;
military condition of Macedonia before, xii. 55.

_Philip Aridæus_, xii. 319, 334.

_Philippi_, foundation of, xi. 241.

_Philippics_ of Demosthenes, xi. 309 _seq._, 445, 451.

_Philippizing_ factions in Megara and Eubœa, xi. 448.

_Philippus, the Theban polemarch_, x. 82, 85.

_Philippus, Alexander’s physician_, xii. 113.

_Philiskus_, x. 261.

_Philistides_, xi. 449, 452.

_Philistus_, his treatment of mythes, i. 410;
banishment of, xi. 33;
recall of, xi. 67;
intrigues of, against Plato and Dion, xi. 76;
tries to intercept Dion in the Gulf of Tarentum, xi. 89;
at Leontini, xi. 99;
defeat and death of, xi. 100.

_Philokrates_, motion of, to allow Philip to send envoys to Athens,
xi. 371;
motion of, to send envoys to Philip, xi. 379;
motion of, for peace and alliance with Philip, xi. 390 _seq._, 416;
fabrications of, about Philip, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412;
impeachment and condemnation of, xi. 433.

_Philoktetes_, i. 301, 310.

_Philolaus_ and Dioklês, ii. 297.

_Philomela_, i. 196 _seq._

_Philomelus_, xi. 245;
seizes the temple at Delphi, xi. 248;
and Archidamus, xi. 247;
and the Pythia at Delphi, xi. 250;
successful battles of, with the Lokrians, xi. 251;
defeat and death of, xi. 255;
takes part of the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 252.

_Philonomus_ and the Spartan Dorians, ii. 327.

_Philosophers_, mythes allegorized by, i. 418 _seq._

_Philosophy_, Homeric and Hesiodic, i. 368;
Ionic, i. 372 _n._ 2;
ethical and social among the Greeks, iv. 76.

_Philotas_, alleged conspiracy, and execution of, xii. 190 _seq._,
197 _n._ 2.

_Philoxenus_ and Dionysius, xi. 26.

_Phineus_, i. 199, 235.

_Phlegyæ_, the, i. 128.

_Phlius_, return of philo-Laconian exiles to, x. 42;
intervention of Sparta with, x. 70;
surrender of, to Agesilaus, x. 70 _seq._;
application of, to Athens, x. 234 _seq._;
fidelity of, to Sparta, x. 257, 270;
invasion of, by Euphron, x. 270;
and Pellênê, x. 271;
assistance of Chares to, x. 272;
and Thebes, x. 290 _seq._

_Phœbe_, i. 5, 6.

_Phœbidas_, at Thebes, x. 58 _seq._, 62, 63, 128.

_Phœnissæ_ of Phrynichus, v. 138 _n._ 1.

_Phœnix_, i. 257.

_Phôkæa_, foundation of, iii. 188;
surrender of, to Harpagus, iv. 203;
Alkibiadês at, viii. 152.

_Phôkæan_ colonies at Atalia and Elea, iv. 206.

_Phôkæans_, exploring voyages of, iii. 281;
effects of their exploring voyages upon Grecian knowledge and fancy,
iii. 282;
emigration of, iv. 205 _seq._

_Phokian_ defensive wall at Thermopylæ, ii. 283;
townships, ravage of, by Xerxes’s army, v. 114.

_Phokians_, ii. 288;
application of Leonidas to, v. 76;
at Leuktra, x. 181, 182;
and the presidency of the temple at Delphi, xi. 245 _seq._;
Thebans strive to form a confederacy against, xi. 251;
take the treasures of the temple at Delphi, xi. 252, 255, 297, 374;
war of, with the Lokrians, Thebans, and Thessalians, xi. 254;
under Onomarchus, xi. 261, 293;
under Phayllus, xi. 297 _seq._;
under Phalækus, xi. 374, 418;
Thebans invoke the aid of Philip against, xi. 375;
application of, to Athens, xi. 376;
exclusion of, from the peace and alliance between Philip and Athens,
xi. 396 _seq._, 411;
envoys from, to Philip, xi. 404, 406;
motion of Philokrates about, xi. 416;
at Thermopylæ, xi. 418 _seq._;
treatment of, after their surrender to Philip, xi. 425 _seq._;
restoration of, by the Thebans and Athenians, xi. 493.

_Phokion_, first exploits of, x. 131;
character and policy of, xi. 273 _seq._, 308, xii. 278, 311,
357 _seq._;
in Eubœa, xi. 340 _seq._, 452;
at Megara, xi. 449;
in the Propontis, xi. 460;
and Alexander’s demand that the anti-Macedonian leaders at Athens
should be surrendered, xii. 46, 47;
and Demades, embassy of, to Antipater, xii. 322;
at Athens under Antipater, xii. 324;
and Nikanor, xii. 339, 346 _seq._;
and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, xii. 348;
condemnation and death of, xii. 349 _seq._;
altered sentiment of the Athenians towards, after his death,
xii. 357.

_Phokis_, acquisition of, by Athens, v. 331;
loss of, by Athens, v. 348;
invasion of, by the Thebans, B. C. 374, x. 136;
accusation of Thebes against, before the Amphiktyonic assembly,
xi. 243;
resistance of, to the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 246 _seq._;
Philip in, xi. 421, 482, 492 _seq._

_Phôkus_, i. 185.

_Phokylidês_, iv. 92.

_Phorkys_ and Kêtô, progeny of, i. 7.

_Phormio_ at Potidæa, vi. 74;
at Amphilochian Argos, vi. 121;
at Naupaktus, vi. 180;
his victories over the Peloponnesian fleet, vi. 199 _seq._,
206 _seq._;
in Akarnania, vi. 213;
his later history, vi. 277 _n._

_Phormisius_, disfranchising proposition of, viii. 294.

_Phorôneus_, i. 82, 83.

_Phraortês_, iii. 228.

_Phratries_, iii. 52 _seq._, 63;
and gentes, non-members of, iii. 133.

_Phrikônis_, iii. 192.

_Phrygia_, Persian forces in, on Alexander’s landing, xii. 75, 78;
submission of, to Alexander, xii. 89.

_Phrygian_ influence on the religion of the Greeks, i. 26, 28;
music and worship, iii. 213 _seq._

_Phrygians_ and Trojans, i. 335;
and Thracians, iii. 210, 213;
ethnical affinities and early distribution of, iii. 209 _seq._

_Phrynichus the tragedian_, his capture of Milêtus, iv. 309;
his Phœnissæ, v. 138, _n._ 1.

_Phrynichus the commander_, at Milêtus, vii. 388;
and Amorgês, vii. 389 _n._ 1;
and Alkibiadês, viii. 10 _seq._;
deposition of, viii. 15;
and the Four Hundred, viii. 11, 58 _seq._;
assassination of, viii. 66, 85, _n._;
decree respecting the memory of, viii. 85.

_Phrynon_, xi. 370.

_Phryxus_ and Hellê, i. 123 _seq._

_Phthiôtis_ and Deukalion, i. 96.

Φύσις, first use of, in the sense of _nature_, i. 368.

_Phyê-Athênê_, iv. 104.

_Phylarch_, Athenian, ii. 461.

_Phylê_, occupation of, by Thrasybulus, viii. 265.

_Phyllidas_ and the conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at
Thebes, x. 81 _seq._

_Physical_ astronomy thought impious by ancient Greeks, i. 346 _n._;
science, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 368.

_Phytalids_, their tale of Dêmêtêr, i. 44.

_Phyton_, xi. 18 _seq._

_Pierians_, original seat of, iv. 14.

_Piété, Monts de_, iii. 162.

Πῖλοι of the Lacedæmonians in Sphakteria, vi. 344 _n._

_Pinarus_, Alexander and Darius on the, xii. 118 _seq._

_Pindar_, his treatment of mythes, i. 378 _seq._

_Pindus_, ii. 211 _seq._

_Piracy_ in early Greece, ii. 90, 113.

_Pisa_ and Ellis, relations of, ii. 439.

_Pisatans_ and the Olympic games, ii. 318, 434, ix. 228,
x. 318 _seq._;
and Eloians, ii. 434, 439.

_Pisatic_ sovereignty of Pelops, i. 157.

_Pisidia_, conquest of, by Alexander, xii. 99.

_Pissuthnes_, vi. 26, 28, ix. 8.

_Pitane_, iii. 190.

_Pittakus_, power and merit of, iii. 198 _seq._

_Plague at Athens_, vi. 154 _seq._;
revival of, vi. 293.

_Platæa_, and Thebes, disputes between, iv. 166;
and Athens, first connection of, iv. 165;
battle of, v. 164 _seq._;
revelation of the victory of, at Mykalê the same day, v. 194;
night-surprise of, by the Thebans, vi. 114 _seq._;
siege of, by Archidamus, vi. 188 _seq._;
surrender of, to the Lacedæmonians, vi. 264 _seq._;
restoration of, by Sparta, x. 30 _seq._;
capture of, by the Thebans, x. 159 _seq._

_Platæans_ at Marathon, iv. 248.

_Plato_, his treatment of mythes, i. 441;
on the return of the Hêrakleids, ii. 6;
on homicide, ii. 96 _n._;
his Republic and the Lykurgean institutions, ii. 390;
and the Sophists, viii. 345-399;
and Xenophon, evidence of, about Sokratês, viii. 403 _seq._,
444 _n._, 450 _n._;
his extension and improvement of the formal logic founded by
Sokratês, viii. 429;
purpose of his dialogues, viii. 453;
incorrect assertions in the Menexenus of, ix. 360 _n._;
the letters of, x. 435 _n._ 1;
and Dionysius the Elder, xi. 38, 60;
and Dion, xi. 39, 57 _seq._, 69, 84;
and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 52, 69-80;
Dion, and the Pythagoreans, xi. 56 _seq._;
statements and advice of, on the condition of Syracuse,
xi. 130 _seq._;
and the kings of Macedonia, xi. 206.

_Plausible fiction_, i. 435, ii. 51.

_Pleistoanax_, v. 349, 429 _seq._

_Plemmyrium_, vii. 270, 290 _seq._

_Plutarch_ and Lykurgus, ii. 337, 343, 403 _seq._;
on the ephor Epitadeus, ii. 405;
and Herodotus, iv. 202 _n._, v. 6 _n._ 2;
on Periklês, vi. 172.

_Plutarch of Eretria_, xi. 340 _seq._

_Plyntêria_, viii. 144.

_Podaleirus_ and Machaôn, i. 180.

_Podarkês_, birth of, i. 110.

_Poems_, lost epic, ii. 120;
epic, recited in public, not read in private, ii. 135.

_Poetry_, Greek, transition of, from the mythical past to the positive
present, i. 349;
epic, ii. 117 _seq._;
epic, Homeric and Hesiodic, ii. 118;
didactic and mystic hexameter, ii. 119;
lyric and choric, intended for the ear, ii. 137;
Greek, advances of, within a century and a half after Terpander,
iv. 77.

_Poets_ inspired by the Muse, i. 355;
iambic, elegiac, and lyric, predominance of the present in, i. 363;
and logographers, their treatment of mythes, i. 377 _seq._;
early, chronological evidence of, ii. 45 _seq._;
epic, and their probable dates, ii. 122;
cyclic, ii. 123 _seq._;
gnomic or moralizing, iv. 91 _seq._

_Polemarch_, Athenian, iii. 74.

_Polemarchs_, Spartan, ii. 459.

_Polemarchus_, viii. 248.

_Political clubs_ at Athens, viii. 15.

_Politicians_, new class of, at Athens, after Periklês, vi. 245 _seq._

_Pollis_, defeat of, by Chabrias, x. 130.

_Pollux_ and Castor, i. 171 _seq._

_Polyarchus_, xi. 154.

_Polybiades_, x. 68.

_Polybius_, his transformation of mythes to history, i. 412;
perplexing statement of, respecting the war between Sybaris and
Kroton, iv. 416;
the Greece of, xii. 318.

_Polychares_, and Euæphnus, ii. 426.

_Polydamas of Pharsalus_, x. 137 _seq._

_Polydamas the Macedonian_, xii. 197.

_Polydamidas_, at Mendê, vi. 440 _seq._

_Polykrates of Samos_, iv. 241 _seq._

_Polykrates the Sophist_, harangue of, on the accusation against
Sokratês, viii. 478 _n._

_Polynikes_, i. 267, 269 _seq._, 273, 280.

_Polyphron_, x. 248.

_Polysperchon_, appointed by Antipater as his successor, xii. 339;
plans of, xii. 340;
edict of, at Pella, xii. 343 _seq._;
Phokion and Agnonides heard before, xii. 351 _seq._;
and Kassander, xii. 360, 372, 382;
flight of, Ætalia, xii. 367.

_Polystratus_, one of the Four Hundred, viii. 68 _n._ 1, 69 _n._, 78,
88.

_Polyxena_, death of, i. 305.

_Polyzelus_ and Hiero, v. 228.

_Pompey_ in Colchis, i. 243.

_Pontic Greeks_, xii. 458 _seq._

_Pontic Herakleia_, xii. 460-471.

_Pontus_ and Gæa, children of, i. 7.

_Popular belief_ in ancient mythes, i. 424, 427.

_Porus_, xii. 227 _seq._

_Poseidôn_, i. 6, 9, 56;
prominence of, in Æolid legends, i. 110;
Erechtheus, i. 192, 193;
and Athênê, i. 195;
and Laomedôn, i. 285.

_Positive_ evidence indispensable to historical proof, i. 429.

_Positive_ tendencies of the Greek mind in the time of Herodotus,
iv. 105 _n._

_Post-Homeric_ poems on the Trojan war, i. 297.

_Potidæa_ and Artabazus, v. 149;
relations of, with Corinth and Athens, vi. 67;
designs of Perdikkas and the Corinthians upon, vi. 68;
revolt of, from Athens, vi. 69 _seq._;
Athenian victory near, vi. 73;
blockade of, by the Athenians, vi. 74, 140, 164, 182;
Brasidas’s attempt upon, vi. 150;
capture of, by Philip and the Olynthians, xi. 238.

_Prasiæ_, expedition of Pythodôrus to, vii. 285.

_Praxitas_, ix. 327 _n._ 1, 333 _seq._

_Priam_, i. 285, 292 _n._ 5, 304.

_Priene_, iii. 172, 178, vi. 26.

_Priests_, Egyptian, iii. 314.

_Primitive_ and historical Greece, ii. 57-118.

_Private property_, rights of, at Athens, viii. 304.

_Probability_ alone not sufficient for historical proof, i. 429.

_Pro-Bouleutic Senate_, Solon’s, iii. 121.

_Probûli_, board of, vii. 362.

_Prodikus_, viii. 370, 380 _seq._

_Prœtos_ and his daughters, i. 88 _seq._

_Proknê_, i. 197 _seq._

_Prokris_, i. 198.

_Promêtheus_, i. 6;
and Zeus, i. 63, 76, 79 _seq._;
and Pandora, i. 75;
and Epimêtheus, i. 75;
Æschylus’s, i. 382 _n._ 3.

_Property_, rights of, at Athens, iii. 106, 114 _seq._

_Prophecies_, Sibylline, i. 338.

_Propontis_, Phokion in, xi. 460.

_Propylæa_, building of, vi. 21, 23 _n._ 4.

_Prose writing_ among the Greeks, iv. 97.

_Protagoras_, viii. 376, 379 _seq._, 389 _seq._, 392 _n._

_Protesilaus_, i. 290, v. 201.

_Prothoüs_, x. 176.

_Proxenus of Tegea_, x. 209.

_Prytaneium_, Solon’s regulations about, iii. 143.

_Prytanes_, iv. 138.

_Prytanies_, iv. 138.

_Prytanis_, xii. 485.

_Psammenitus_, iv. 219.

_Psammetichus I._, iii. 325 _seq._

_Psammetichus_ and Tamos, x. 13.

_Psammis_, iii. 333.

_Psephism_, Demophantus’s democratical, viii. 81.

_Psephisms_ and laws, distinction between, v. 373.

_Psyttaleia_, Persian troops in, v. 128, 136.

_Ptolemy of Alôrus_, x. 249, 250;
and Pelopidas, x. 263;
assassination of, x. 300.

_Ptolemy of Egypt_, attack of Perdikkas on, xii. 335;
alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus and Seleukus against
Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387;
proclamations of, to the Greeks, xii. 369;
Lysimachus and Kassander, pacification of, with Antigonus, xii. 371;
in Greece, xii. 373.

_Ptolemy, nephew of Antigonus_, xii. 370.

_Public speaking_, its early origin and intellectual effects,
ii. 77 _seq._

_Punjab_, Alexander’s conquests in the, xii. 227 _seq._

_Purification_ for homicide, i. 25, 26.

_Pydna_, siege of, by Archestratus, vi. 70;
siege of, by Archelaus, viii. 118;
and Philip, xi. 236, 237.

_Pylæ_, in Babylonia, ix. 36 _n._ 2., 43 _n._

_Pylagoræ_, ii. 247.

_Pylians_, ii. 12, 335.

_Pylus_, attack of Hêraklês on, i. 110;
long independence of, ii. 331 _n._ 2;
occupation and fortification of, by the Athenians, vi. 317 _seq._;
armistice concluded at, vi. 324, 332;
Kleon’s expedition to, vi. 365 _seq._;
cession of, demanded by the Lacedæmonians, vii. 29;
helots brought back to, by the Athenians, vii. 70;
recapture of, by the Lacedæmonians, viii. 131.

_Pyramids_, Egyptian, iii. 321.

_Pyrrha_ and Deukaliôn, i. 96.

_Pyrrho_ and Sokratês, viii. 489 _n._

_Pyrrhus, son of Achilles_, i. 188.

_Pyrrhus, king of Epirus_, and Antipater, son of Kassander, xii. 389.

_Pythagoras, the philosopher_, i. 367 _seq._, iv. 390-411, 416.

_Pythagoras, the Ephesian despot_, iii. 182.

_Pythagorean order_, iv. 395, 403 _seq._, 416.

_Pythagoreans_, logical distinction of genera and species unknown to,
viii. 427 _n._ 2;
Plato, and Dion, xi. 57 _seq._

_Pytheas_, xii. 457.

_Pythia_, the, at Delphi, and Philomelus, xi. 250.

_Pythian Apollo_, i. 47.

_Pythian games_, ii. 240, 243, iv. 58, 63 _seq._, iv. 65,
x. 137 _n._ 1, 195, xi. 428.

_Pythius, the Phrygian_, v. 27.

_Pythodôrus_, vii. 133, 139, 285.

_Python_, mission of, to Athens, xi. 446.

_Pythonikus_, vii. 175, 197.

Q

_Quadriremes_, x. 479.

_Quinqueremes_, v. 47 _n._ 2, x. 479.

R

_Races_ of men in “Works and Days”, i. 64 _seq._

_Religious_ ceremonies a source of mythes, i. 62, 63, 451 _seq._;
views paramount in the Homeric age, i. 357;
views, opposition of, to scientific, among the Greeks, i. 358,
370 _seq._;
festivals, Grecian, iv. 53, 67 _seq._, xi. 353;
associations, effect of, on early Grecian art, iv. 99.

_Reply_ to criticisms on the first two volumes of this history,
i. 408 _n._

_Rhadamanthus_ and Minôs, i. 219.

_Rhapsodes_, ii. 129, 137 _seq._

_Rhea_, i. 5, 6.

_Rhegians_ and Tarentines, expedition of, against the Iapygians,
v. 238.

_Rhegium_, iii. 383;
the chorus sent from Messênê to, iv. 53 _n._ 1;
and Athens, vii. 128 _n._ 3;
the Athenian fleet near, B. C. 425, vii. 134;
progress of the Athenian armament for Sicily to, vii. 181;
discouragement of the Athenians at, vii. 190;
relations of, with Dionysius, B. C. 399, x. 474 _seq._;
and Dionysius, xi. 5, 71, 11, 16 _seq._;
and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 133;
Timoleon at, xi. 144 _seq._

_Rhetoric_, v. 402, viii. 335, 339, 346 _seq._

_Rhetors_ and sophists, v. 402 _seq._

_Rhetra_, the primitive constitutional, ii. 344 _n._ 2, 345 _n._ 2.

_Rhetræ_, the Three Lykurgean, ii. 355 _n._ 3.

_Rhienus_ and the second Messenian war, ii. 430.

_Rhium_, Phormio in the Gulf at, vi. 196 _seq._

_Rhodes_, founder of, ii. 30;
dikasteries at, v. 384 _n._ 2;
and the Olympic games, vii. 52 _n._ 4;
the Peloponnesian fleet at, vii. 399, 400 _seq._, viii. 94, ix. 368,
373;
Dorieus at, viii. 116;
revolt of, from Sparta, ix. 271;
revolt of, from Athens, xi. 220 _seq._;
siege of, by Demetrius Poliorketes, xii. 381.

_Rhodians_ and the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 504.

_Rhodôpis_, iii. 337 _n._ 2.

_Rhœkus_ of Samos, iv. 100.

_Rhœsakes_, xii. 84.

_Rites_, post-Homeric, i. 27, 28;
ecstatic, i. 30 _seq._

_Rivers_, mythical personages identified with, i. 342 _n._ 2;
of Greece, ii. 217.

_Robbery_, violent, how regarded in Greece and Europe, ii. 111 _n._ 2.

_Romances_ of chivalry, i. 475, ii. 156 _n._ 2.

_Roman kings_, authority of, ii. 68 _n._ 3.

_Roman law_ of debtor and creditor, iii. 159 _seq._

_Romans_, respect of, for Illium, i. 327;
belief of, with regard to earthquakesi. 400 _n._;
dislike of, to paijudicial pleading, viii. 361 _n._ 2;
embassy from, to Alexander, xii. 248 _n._ 2;
Livy’s opinion as to the chances of Alexander, if he had attacked
the, xii. 260.

_Rome_, reduction of the rate of interest at, iii. 112 _n._ 1;
debasement of coin at, iii. 114;
new tables at, iii. 115 _n._ 2;
law of debtor and creditor at, iii. 159 _seq._;
political associations at, viii, 16 _n._ 2;
and Carthage, treaties between, x. 392 _n._

_Roxana_, xii. 214, 215, 319, 333, 367, 371.

S.

_Sacred games_, Solon’s rewards to victors at, iii. 141;
objects, Greek view of material connection with, iii. 84 _n._ 1.,
260.

_Sacred War_, the first, iv. 63 _seq._, v. 346;
the second, xi. 241 _seq._, 374, 421 _seq._;
position of Philip after the second, xi. 434;
the third, xi. 467.

_Sacrifices_, i. 62;
human, in Greece, i. 126 _seq._