Chapter XLI: Appendix (6)

_Sacrilege_, French legislation upon, vii. 212 _n._

_Sadyattês_, iii. 253.

_Saga_, the, Ampère on, i. 357 _n._

_Sage_, a universal manifestation of the human mind, i. 461.

_Sagen-poesie_, applied as a standard to the Iliad and Odyssey,
ii. 162.

_Sagra_, date of the battle at, iv. 411 _n._ 2.

_Saints_, legends of, i. 469 _seq._

_Sakadas_, iv. 89.

_Salæthus_, vi. 237 _seq._

_Salamis_, the serpent of, i. 186;
war between Athens and Megara about, iii. 98 _seq._;
retreat of the Greek fleet from Artemisium to, v. 102, 107;
the battle of, v. 104-147;
Persian and Greek fleets after the battle of, v. 147;
migration of Athenians to, on Mardonius’s approach, v. 154;
seizure of prisoners at, by the Thirty Tyrants at Athens, viii. 267.

_Salamis in Cyprus_, i. 189, x. 14 _seq._

_Salmoneus_, i. 108.

_Samian exiles_, application of, to Sparta, iv. 242;
attack of, on Siphnos, iv. 244;
at Zanklê, v. 211.

_Samians_ and Athenians, contrast between, iv. 247;
slaughter of, by Otanês, iv. 249;
at Ladê, iv. 304;
migration of, to Sicily, iv. 305;
transfer of the fund of the confederacy from Delos to Athens
proposed by, v. 343;
application of, to Sparta for aid against Athens, vi. 29.

_Samnites_, xi. 8.

_Samos_, foundation of, iii. 173;
condition of, on the accession of Darius Hystaspês, iv. 240;
Lacedæmonians and Polykratês at, iv. 243;
Persian armament under Datis at, iv. 329;
Persian fleet at, after the battle of Salamis, v. 147, 192;
Greek fleet moves to the rescue of, from the Persians, v. 192;
an autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2;
revolt of, from the Athenians, vi. 25 _seq._, 29;
and Milêtus, dispute between, about Priênê, vi. 26;
Athenian armament against, under Periklês, Sophoklês, etc.,
vi. 27 _seq._;
blockaded, vi. 28;
government of, after its capture by Periklês, vi. 30;
democratical revolution at, vii. 377 _seq._;
powerful Athenian fleet at, B. C. 412, vii. 386;
oligarchical conspiracy at, viii. 7 _seq._, 25 _seq._;
embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 44, 52 _seq._, 55;
Athenian democracy reconstituted at, viii. 46 _seq._;
the Athenian democracy at, and Alkibiadês, viii. 49 _seq._;
eagerness of the Athenian democracy at, to sail to Peiræus,
viii. 52, 54;
envoys from Argosto the Athenian Demos at, viii. 57;
Athenian democracy at, contrasted with the oligarchy of the Four
Hundred, viii. 92 _seq._;
Strombichidês’s arrival at, from the Hellespont, viii. 96;
Alkibiadês’s return from Aspendus to, viii. 115;
Alkibiadês sails from, to the Hellespont, viii. 116;
Alkibiadês at, B. C. 407, viii. 155;
Alkibiadês leaves Antiochus in command at, viii. 153;
dissatisfaction of the armament at, with Alkibiadês, viii. 154;
Konon at, viii. 160;
Lysander at, viii. 223, 237;
conquest of, by Timotheus, x. 294, 297 _n._ 2.

_Samothracians_, exploit of, at Salamis, v. 135.

_Sangala_, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 231.

_Sapphô_, i. 363, iv. 90 _seq._

_Sardinia_, proposition of Bias for a Pan-Ionic emigration to, iv. 207.

_Sardis_, iii. 220;
capture of, by Cyrus, iv. 192;
march of Aristagoras to, and burning of, iv. 290;
march of Xerxes to, and collection of his forces at, v. 14;
march of Xerxes from, v. 27;
retirement of the Persian army to, after their defeat at Mykalê,
v. 198
Alkibiadês’s imprisonment at, and escape from, viii. 119, 120;
forces of Cyrus the Younger collected at, ix. 8;
march of Cyrus the Younger from, to Kunaxa, ix. 11 _seq._;
victory of Agesilaus near, ix. 267;
surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 89.

_Sarissa_, xii. 57, 101 _seq._

_Sarmatians_, iii. 243.

_Sarpêdôn_, i. 219.

_Sataspes_, iii. 285, 288 _n._

_Satrapies_ of Darius Hystaspes, iv. 235 _seq._

_Satraps_ under Darius Hystaspes, discontents of, iv. 226 _seq._;
of Alexander, xii. 239 _seq._

_Satyrus of Herakleia_, xii. 564.

_Satyrus I._ of Bosporus, xi. 264 _n._ 1, xii. 481.

_Satyrus the actor_, xi. 270, 364.

_Satyrus II._ of Bosporus, xii. 484.

_Saxo Grammaticus_ and Snorro Sturleson contrasted with Pherekydes and
Hellanikus, i. 468.

_Scales_ Æginæan and Euboic, ii. 319 _seq._, 325;
Æginæan, Euboic and Attic, iii. 171.

_Scandinavian_ mythical genealogies, i. 465 _n._ 3;
and Teutonic epic, i. 479 _seq._

_Scardus_, ii. 212.

_Science_, physical, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 367.

_Scientific_ views, opposition of, to religions, among the Greeks,
i. 359-370 _seq._

_Scission_ between the superior men and the multitude among the Greeks,
i. 375.

_Sculpture_ at Athens, under Periklês, vi. 22.

_Scurrility_ at festivals, iv. 80 _n._ 2.

_Scylla_, i. 1, 221.

_Scythia_, iii. 235;
Darius’s invasion of, iv. 263 _seq._

_Scythians_, iii. 233 _seq._, xii. 475;
invasion of Asia Minor and Upper Asia by, iii. 245 _seq._;
strong impression produced by, upon Herodotus’s imagination, iv. 268;
attack of Philip on, xi. 462;
and Alexander, xii. 206, 214.

_Secession_ of the mythical races of Greece, ii. 19.

_Seisachtheia_, or debtors’ relief-law of Solon, iii. 99 _seq._

_Selene_, i. 6, 346 _n._

_Seleukus_, alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy
against Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387;
Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy, pacification of, with Antigonus,
xii. 371;
and the Pontic Hêrakleia, xii. 470;
death of, xii. 470.

_Selinuntines_, defeat of, by the Egestæans and Carthaginians, x. 404.

_Selinus_, iii. 367;
and Egesta, vii. 145, x. 401, 404;
application of, to Syracuse, x. 404;
capture of, by Hannibal, x. 405 _seq._;
abandonment of, by the rest of Sicily, x. 408;
Hermokrates at, x. 417.

_Selli_, ii. 268.

_Selymbria_, viii. 126, 133, xi. 455 _n._ 3.

_Selymbris_, iv. 27.

_Semele_, i. 259.

_Semi-historical_ interpretation of ancient mythes, i. 433.

_Senate_ and Agora subordinate in legendary, paramount in historical
Greece, ii. 76;
Spartan, ii. 345, 357;
of Areopagus, iii. 73;
powers of, enlarged by Solon, iii. 122;
of Four Hundred, Solon’s, iii. 121;
of Five Hundred, iv. 137;
at Athens, expulsion of, by the Four Hundred, viii. 39.

_Senators_, addition to the oath of Athenian, viii. 298.

_Sentiment_, mingled ethical and mythical, in “Works and Days”,
i. 69 _seq._

_Sepias Akte_, Xerxes’s fleet at, v. 83 _seq._

_Servitude_, temporary, of the gods, i. 57, 113 _n._ 2.

_Sestos_, capture of, B. C. 479, v. 202 _seq._;
escape of the Athenian squadron from, to Elæus, viii. 105;
Derkyllidas at, ix. 320;
capture of, by Kotys, x. 373;
surrender of, to Athens, B. C. 358, x. 379 _n._;
conquest of, by Chares, xi. 257.

_Seuthes_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 154, 169 _seq._

_Seven chiefs_ against Thebes, the, i. 274.

_Seven wise men_ of Greece, iv. 95 _seq._

_Sibyl_, the Erythræan, i. 28.

_Sibylline_ prophecies, i. 28, 338.

_Sicilian_ Greeks, prosperity of, between B. C. 735 and 485,
iii. 367 _seq._;
Greeks, peculiarity of their monetary and statical scale, iii. 369;
comedy, iii. 373;
Greeks, early governments of, v. 206;
Greeks, and Phenicians, v. 207;
cities, B. C. 431, vii. 127, 131;
and Italian Dorians, aid expected from, by Sparta, vii. 129;
cities, general peace between, B. C. 424, vii. 138;
aid to Syracuse, B. C. 413, vii. 295.

_Sicily_, Phenicians and Greeks in, iii. 276;
ante-Hellenic population of, iii. 350, 361, 372;
and Italy, early languages and history of, iii. 354 _n._;
and Italy, date of earliest Grecian colony in, iii. 356;
rapid multiplication of Grecian colonies in, after B. C. 735,
iii. 360;
the voyage from Greece to, iii. 361;
spot where the Greeks first landed in, iii. 361;
Megarian, iii. 365;
subcolonies from, iii. 366;
Sikel or Sikan caverns in, iii. 368 _n._;
mixed population of, iii. 369;
difference between Greeks in, and those in Greece Proper,
iii. 372;
despots in, about B. C. 500, v. 204;
Carthaginian invasion of, B. C. 480, v. 220;
expulsion of despots from, B. C. 465, v. 233;
after the expulsion of the despots, B. C. 465, v. 234, 236 _seq._,
vii. 118;
return of Duketius to, vii. 122;
intellectual movement in, between B. C. 461-416, vii. 127;
relations of, to Athens and Sparta, altered by the quarrel between
Corinth and Korkyra, vii. 129;
Dorians attack the Ionians in, about B. C. 427, vii. 131;
Ionic cities in, solicit aid from Athens, against the Dorians,
B. C. 427, vii. 132;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 427, vii. 133;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 425, vii. 133;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 422, vii. 142;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 415, vii. 148-162, 179-191, 217-278;
Athenian expedition to, B. C. 413, vii. 279-287, 288-353;
effect of the Athenian disaster in, upon all Greeks, vii. 363;
intervention of Carthage in, B. C. 410, x. 401 _seq._;
invasion of, by Hannibal, B. C. 409, x. 405 _seq._;
abandonment of Selinus by the Hellenic cities of, B. C. 409, x. 408;
Hannibal’s return from, B. C. 409, x. 415;
return of Hermokrates to, x. 415;
invasion of, by Hannibal and Imilkon, x. 422 _seq._;
southern, depressed condition of, B. C. 405, x. 457;
expedition of Dionysius against the Carthaginians in, x. 483 _seq._;
frequency of pestilence among the Carthaginians in, xi. 1;
Dionysius’s conquests in the interior of, B. C. 394, xi. 4;
condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 130;
voyage of Timoleon to, xi. 143 _seq._;
invasion of, by the Carthaginians, B. C. 340, xi. 170;
Timoleon in, xi. 170-195;
expedition to, under Giskon, xi. 180;
Agathokles in, xii. 439 _seq._;
ceases to be under Hellenic agency after Agathokles, xii. 451.

_Sidon_, iii. 265;
conquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438;
surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130.

_Sidus_, capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 335;
recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.

_Siege of Troy_, i. 284-306.

_Sigeium_, Mitylenæan at, i. 339;
and Peisistratus, iv. 117.

_Sikans_, iii. 349, 351 _n._ 3, 369.

_Sikel_ prince, Duketius, iii. 374.

_Sikels_, iii. 349;
in Italy, iii. 351, 375;
migration of, from Italy to Sicily, iii. 353 _n._ 2;
in Sicily, iii. 367, x. 494, xi. 5, 6.

_Sikinnus_, v. 126, 140, 313 _n._ 2.

_Sikyôn_, origin of, i. 120 _seq._;
early condition of, iii. 4;
despots at, iii. 32 _seq._, 38;
classes of people at, iii. 35;
names of Dorion and non-Dorion tribes at, iii. 34, 37;
Corinth, and Megara, analogy of, iii. 47;
Athenian attacks upon, v. 332;
Spartan and Argeian expedition against, vii. 97;
desertion of, from Sparta to Thebes, x. 257;
intestine dissensions at, B. C. 367-366, x. 269 _seq._;
Euphron at, x. 269 _seq._, 272, 273.

_Silanus the prophet_, ix. 40, 133 _seq._

_Silphium_, iv. 33.

_Silver race_, the, i. 65.

_Simon_, i. 304.

_Simonidês of Keôs_, epigram of, on the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 104;
mediation of, between Hiero and Thero, v. 227.

_Simonidês of Amorgus_, poetry of, i. 463, iv. 73, 82.

_Sinôpe_ and the Amazons, i. 212 _n._ 3;
date of the foundation of, iii. 249 _n._ 3;
Perikles’s expedition to, vi. 10;
and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 129 _seq._, 144;
long independence of, xii. 459;
envoys from with Darius, xii. 459.

_Siphnus_, iii. 166;
attack of Samian exiles on, iv. 244.

_Sirens_, the, i. 1.

_Siris_, or Herakleia, iii. 384.

_Sisygambis_, xii. 124, 164, 171.

_Sisyphus_, i. 118 _seq._

_Sitalkes_, vi. 141, 215 _seq._

_Sithonia_, iv. 24, 25.

_Sittake_, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 65.

_Skalds_, Icelandic, songs of, ii. 150 _n._ 2, ii. 157 _n._

_Skedasus_, x. 178.

_Skepsis_, Derkyllidas at, ix. 213.

_Skillus_, Xenophon at, ix. 176 _seq._

_Skiône_, revolt of, from Athens to Brasidas, vi. 435 _seq._;
dispute about, after the One year’s truce between Athens and Sparta,
vi. 437;
blockade of, by the Athenians, B. C. 423, vi. 442;
capture of, by the Athenians, B. C. 421, vii. 22.

_Skiritæ_, vii. 80, 84, x. 233.

_Skylax_, iv. 237, 283, x. 227 _n._ 6.

_Skyllêtium_, iii. 384.

_Skyros_, conquest of, by Kimon, v. 303.

_Skytalism_ at Argos, x. 200 _seq._

_Skythês_ of Zanklê, v. 211 _seq._

_Skythini_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 110.

_Slavery_ of debtors in Attica before Solon, iii. 94.

_Slaves_ in legendary Greece, ii. 97 _seq._

_Smerdis_, iv. 221 _seq._

_Sminthian Apollo_, i. 50, 337.

_Smyrna_, iii. 182, 189.

_Social War_, xi. 220, 231.

_Socratic philosophers_, their unjust condemnation of rhapsodes,
ii. 139.

_Socratici viri_, viii. 403 _n._

_Sogdian rock_, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 214.

_Sogdiana_, Alexander in, xii. 202 _seq._, 207.

_Sôkratês_, his treatment of the discrepancy between scientific and
religious views, i. 370;
treatment of, by the Athenians, i. 374 _seq._;
alleged impiety of, attacked by Aristophanês, i. 401 _n._;
and the sophists, v. 404, vii. 35 _n._ 2; viii. 387 _n._, 400,
441 _n._;
at the battle of Delium, vi. 396;
and Alkibiadês, vii. 35 _seq._;
and Kritias, vii. 35 _seq._;
at the Athenian assembly, on the generals at Arginusæ, vii. 200;
and the Thirty, viii. 244, 257;
and Parmenidês, viii. 346 _n._;
dislike of, to teaching for pay, viii. 342;
life, character, philosophy, teaching, and death of, viii. 400-496.

_Solemnities_ and games, i. 106.

_Soli_ in Cyprus, iii. 148.

_Sollium_, Athenian capture of, vi. 135.

_Soloeis_, Cape, iii. 272 _n._ 2.

_Solon_ and the Iliad, ii. 152 _n._ 2;
civil condition of Attica before, iii. 48;
life, character, laws, and constitution of, iii. 88-159.

_Sophokles_, his Œdipus, i. 270;
his treatment of mythes, i. 379 _seq._, 385;
Periklês, etc., Athenian armament under, against Samos,
vi. 27 _seq._;
number of tragedies by, viii. 319 _n._;
Æschylus and Euripidês, viii. 332;
and Herodotus, viii. 323 _n._ 2.

_Sophokles_ and Eurymedon, expeditions of, to Sicily and Korkyra,
vi. 313 _seq._, 357 _seq._, vii. 133, 136, 139.

_Sôsis_, xi. 104.

_Sosistratus_, xii. 394, 388, 405.

_Sothiac period_ and Manetho, iii. 340 _seq._

_Sparta_ and Mykênæ, i. 165 _seq._;
occupation of, by the Dorians, ii. 311, 326 _seq._, 360;
and the disunion of Greek towns, ii. 259;
not strictly a city, ii. 261;
inferior to Argos and neighboring Dorians, B. C. 776, ii. 307, 312;
first historical view of, ii. 323;
not the perfect Dorian type, ii. 341;
pair of kings at, ii. 349;
classification of the population at, ii. 348 _seq._;
syssitia and public training at, ii. 380 _seq._;
partition of lands at, ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 393-415;
progressive increase of, ii. 417;
and Lepreum, ii. 440;
Argos, and Arcadia, relations of, ii. 443 _n._ 2;
and Mantinea, ii. 444;
and Arcadia, ii. 445 _seq._;
and Tegea, ii. 446 _seq._;
bones of Orestês taken to, ii. 447;
acquisitions of, towards Argos, ii. 450 _seq._;
extensive possessions and power of by, B. C. 540, ii. 453 _seq._;
military institutions of, ii. 456 _seq._;
recognized superiority of, ii. 461, iv. 242, 318;
peculiar government of, iii. 6;
alleged intervention of, with the Nemean and Isthmian games,
iv. 66 _n._;
exclusive character of her festivals, iv. 69;
musical and poetical tendencies at, iv. 83 _seq._, 86 _n._ 1;
choric training at, iv. 84 _seq._;
first appearance of, as head of Peloponnesian allies, iv. 169,
174 _seq._;
preparations at, for attacking Athens, after the failure of
Kleomenês, iv. 173 _seq._;
and Crœsus, iv. 190;
and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 199, iv. 207, 208;
and Samian exiles, iv. 242;
and Aristagoras, iv. 287 _seq._;
treatment of Darius’s herald at, iv. 317;
appeal of Athenians to, against the Medism of Ægina, iv. 318;
war of, against Argos, B. C. 496-5, iv. 320 _seq._;
no heralds sent from Xerxes to, v. 57;
Pan-Hellenic congress convened by, at the Isthmus of Corinth,
v. 57 _seq._;
leaves Athens undefended against Mardonius, v. 153 _seq._;
headship of the allied Greeks transferred from, to Athens,
v. 261 _seq._;
and Athens, first open separation between, v. 263, 265 _seq._, 290;
secret promise of, to the Thasians, to invade Attica, v. 312;
restores the supremacy of Thebes in Bœotia, v. 313, 331;
and the rest of Peloponnesus, between B. C. 477-457, v. 314;
earthquake and revolt of Helots at, B. C. 464, v. 315 _seq._;
Athenian auxiliaries to, against the Helots, v. 316 _seq._;
Athenians renounce the alliance of, B. C. 464, v. 319;
and Athens, five years’ truce between, v. 334;
and Delphi, B. C. 452-447, v. 346;
and Athens, thirty years’ truce between, v. 350;
application of Samians to, vi. 29;
imperial, compared with imperial Athens, vi. 39, ix. 187 _seq._;
and her subject-allies, vi. 41;
and Athens, confederacies of, vi. 46;
promise of, to the Potidæans, to invade Attica, vi. 69;
application of the Lesbians to, vi. 76;
assembly at, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 78 _seq._;
relations of, with her allies, vi. 79;
congress of allies at, B. C. 432, vi. 92 _seq._;
requisitions addressed to Athens by, B. C. 431, vi. 97 _seq._,
105 _seq._;
efforts of, to raise a naval force on commencing the Peloponnesian
war, vi. 125;
and the Mitylenæans, vi. 226 _seq._;
despatches from Artaxerxes to, vi. 360 _seq._;
and Athens one year’s truce between, B. C. 423, vi. 437 _seq._, 453,
457 _seq._;
and the Peace of Nikias, vii. 2, 9;
and Argos, uncertain relations between, B. C. 421, vii. 3;
and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 421, vii. 5;
revolt of Elis from, vii. 17 _seq._;
congress at, B. C. 421, vii. 24;
and Bœotia, alliance between, B. C. 420, vii. 26;
and Argos, fifty years’ peace between, vii. 28 _seq._;
embassy of Nikias to, vii. 44;
and Athens, relations between, B. C. 419, vii. 70;
and the battle of Mantinea, B. C. 418, vii. 86;
and Argos, peace and alliance between, B. C. 418, vii. 92 _seq._;
submission of Mantinea to, vii. 95;
and Athens, relations between, B. C. 416, vii. 103;
and Sicily, relations of, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and
Korkyra, vii. 129;
aid expected from the Sicilian Dorians by, B. C. 431, vii. 130;
embassy from Syracuse and Corinth to, B. C. 415, vii. 235 _seq._;
Alkibiadês at, vii. 236 _seq._, viii. 2;
and Athens, violation of the peace between, B. C. 414, vii. 285;
resolution of, to fortify Dekeleia and send a force to Syracuse,
B. C. 414, vii. 286;
application from Chios to, vii. 365;
embassy from Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus to, vii. 366;
embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 63, 84;
proposals of peace from, to Athens, B. C. 410, viii. 122 _seq._;
alleged proposals of peace from, to Athens, after the battle of
Argenusæ, viii. 210;
first proposals of Athens to, after the battle of Ægospotami,
viii. 226;
embassies of Theramenês to, viii. 227, 228;
assembly of the Peloponnesian confederacy at, B. C. 404, viii. 228;
terms of peace granted to Athens by, B. C. 404, viii. 229;
triumphant return of Lysander to, viii. 238;
and her allies, after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 259;
oppressive dominion of after the capture of Athens by Lysander,
viii. 260;
opposition to Lysander at, viii. 262;
pacification by, between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at Peiræus,
viii. 278;
empire of, contrasted with her promises of liberty, ix. 191 _seq._;
change in the language and plans of, towards the close of the
Peloponnesian war, ix. 194;
and the Thirty at Athens, ix. 197;
opportunity lost by, for organizing a stable confederacy throughout
Greece, ix. 199 _seq._;
alienation of the allies of, after the battle of Ægospotami,
ix. 223 _seq._;
and Elis, war between, ix. 225 _seq._;
refuses to restore the Olympic presidency to the Pisatans, ix. 229;
expels the Messenians from Peloponnesus, ix. 229;
introduction of gold and silver to, by Lysander, ix. 230 _seq._;
in B. C. 432 and after B. C. 404, contrast between, ix. 232;
position of kings at, ix. 238 _seq._;
conspiracy of Kinadon at, ix. 247 _seq._;
Persian preparations for maritime war against, B. C. 397, ix. 255,
270;
revolt of Rhodes from, ix. 271;
relations of, with her neighbors and allies, after the accession of
Agesilaus, ix. 284;
and Hêrakleia Trachynia, ix. 285, 302;
and Timokrates, ix. 286 _seq._;
and Thebes, war between, B. C. 395, ix. 289 _seq._;
alliance of Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos against, ix. 301;
proceedings of, against Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, ix. 303,
305 _seq._;
consequences of the battles of Corinth, Knidus, and Korôneia to,
ix. 317 _seq._;
hostility of, to partial land confederacies in Greece, ix. 361;
congress at, on the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 386;
and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 2 _seq._, 9 _seq._, 28;
applications of, for Persian aid, x. 5 _seq._;
and Persia after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8;
and Grecian autonomy, x. 11 _seq._, 28;
miso-Theban proceedings of, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 28 _seq._;
restores Platæa, x. 30 _seq._;
oppressive conduct of towards Mantinea, B. C. 386, x. 35 _seq._;
mischievous influence of, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 40 _seq._;
naval competition of Athens with, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 42 _seq._;
and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 52 _seq._, 57, 65 _seq._;
and the surprise of Thebes by Phœbidas, x. 61 _seq._;
and Phlius, x. 70;
ascendency and unpopularity of, B. C. 379, x. 72 _seq._;
Xenophon on the conduct of, between B. C. 387-379, x. 77;
effect of the revolution at Thebes, B. C. 379, on, x. 93;
trial of Sphodrias at, x. 100 _seq._;
war declared by Athens against, B. C. 378, x. 102;
separate peace of Athens with, B. C. 374, x. 137, 141;
and Polydamas, x. 137 _seq._;
decline of the power of, between B. C. 382-374, x. 140;
discouragement of, by her defeat at Korkyra and by earthquakes,
B. C. 372, x. 157;
disposition of Athens to peace with, B. C. 372, x. 158, 165;
general peace settled at, B. C. 371, x. 165 _seq._, 174, 198;
effect of the news of the defeat at Leuktra on, x. 186;
and Athens, difference between in passive endurance and active
energy, x. 188;
reinforcements from, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 188;
treatment of defeated citizens on their return from Leuktra,
x. 192 _seq._;
and Thebes, alleged arbitration of the Achæans between, after the
battle of Leuktra, x. 199 _n._;
position of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 201;
and the Amphiktyonic assembly, x. 202 _seq._, xi. 242;
feeling against Agesilaus at, B. C. 371, x. 207;
hostile approaches of Epaminondas to, x. 218 _seq._, 330 _seq._;
abstraction of Western Laconia from, x. 226 _seq._;
application of, to Athens for aid against Thebes, B. C. 369,
x. 234 _seq._;
and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 369, x. 253;
reinforcement from Syracuse in aid of, x. 258;
peace of her allies with Thebes, x. 290 _seq._;
alliance of Elis and Achaia with, B. C. 365, x. 313;
and Dionysius, x. 457, 505, xi. 22;
degradation of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 197 _seq._;
countenance of the Phokians by, B. C. 353, xi. 262;
plans of, against Megalopolis and Messênê, B. C. 353, ix. 263, 290;
decline in military readiness among the Peloponnesian allies of,
after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280;
ineffectual campaign of, against Megalopolis, xi. 299 _seq._;
envoys from, to Philip, xi. 405, 409;
envoys from, with Darius, xii. 189;
anti-Macedonian policy of, after Alexander’s death, xii. 281 _seq._

_Spartan_ kings, ii. 11, 76, 353 _seq._;
senate, assembly, and ephors, ii. 349 _seq._;
popular assembly, ii. 357;
constitution, ii. 359 _seq._;
government, secrecy of, ii. 378;
discipline, ii. 381 _seq._;
women, ii. 383 _seq._;
law and practice of succession, erroneous suppositions about,
ii. 409 _seq._;
arbitration of the dispute between Athens and Megan about Salamis,
iii. 92;
expeditions against Hippias, iv. 122;
empire, commencement of, ix. 181, 184 _seq._, 188 _seq._;
empire, Theopompus on, ix. 195 _n._;
allies at the battle of Leuktra, x. 182.

_Spartans_, and Pheidôn, ii. 318;
and Messenians, early proceedings of, ii. 329;
local distinctions among, ii. 361;
the class of, ii. 361 _seq._;
and Helots, ii. 373 _seq._;
marriage among, ii. 385; their ignorance of letters, ii. 390 _n._ 3;
musical susceptibilities of, ii. 433;
and the second Messenian war, ii. 434, 437;
careful training of, when other states had none, ii. 455;
and the battle of Marathon, iv. 342, 358;
unwillingness of, to postpone or neglect festivals, v. 77;
at Platæa, v. 157, 166 _seq._;
and the continental Ionians after the battle of Mykalê, v. 193;
and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 _seq._;
favorable answer of the oracle at Delphi to, on war with Athens,
B. C. 432, vi. 91;
final answer of the Athenians to, before the Peloponnesian war,
vi. 106;
their desire for peace, to regain the captives from Sphakteria,
vi. 428 _seq._;
and Thebans, at the battle of Korôneia, ix. 317;
project of, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks, x. 44;
miso-Theban impulse of, B. C. 371, x. 175;
confidence and defeat of, at Leuktra, x. 179 _seq._;
retirement of, from Bœotia after the battle of Leuktra, x. 190;
refusal of, to acknowledge the independence of Messênê, x. 290, 350;
and Dion, xi. 61.

_Sparti_, i. 259, 261.

_Spartokidæ_, xii. 479 _seq._

_Speaking_, public, its early origin and intellectual effects,
ii. 77 _seq._

_Sperthiês_ and Bulis, vi. 182 _n._

_Speusippus_, indictment of, by Leogoras, vii. 206 _n._ 3.

_Sphakteria_, locality of, vi. 314;
occupation of, by the Lacedæmonians, vi. 320, 346;
blockade of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 324, 332 _seq._;
Lacedæmonian embassy to Athens for the release of the prisoners in,
vi. 324 _seq._;
Demosthenês’s application for reinforcements to attack,
vi. 334 _seq._;
condition of, on the attack by Demosthenês and Kleon, vi. 340;
victory of Demosthenês and Kleon over Lacedæmonians in,
vi. 341 _seq._;
surrender of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 345 _seq._;
arrival of prisoners from, at Athens, vi. 351;
restoration of prisoners taken at, vii. 6 _seq._;
disfranchisement of restored prisoners from, vii. 22.

_Sphendaleis_, Attic deme of, v. 158 _n._ 2.

_Sphinx_, the, i. 7, 266.

_Spodrias_, attempt of, to surprise Peiræus, x. 98 _seq._

_Spitamenes_, xii. 207, 213, 214.

_Spithridates_, and the Lacedæmonians, ix. 260, 274 _seq._

_Stables_, the Augean, i. 139.

_Stageira_, iv. 25.

_Standard_ of historical evidence raised with regard to England, but
not with regard to Greece, i. 484.

_Stasippus_, x. 209.

_Statira_, xii. 124, 154, 241.

_Statues_, Greek, identified with the beings they represented, i. 460.

_Stenyklêrus_, Dorians of, ii. 328.

_Steropês_, i. 5.

_Stesichorus, the lyric poet_, and Helen, i. 307 _seq._;
dialect of, iv. 78 _seq._

_Stesiklês_, x. 144, 147 _n._

_Sthenelaïdas_, the ephor, vi. 90 _seq._

_Story_ of striking off the overtopping ears of corn, iii. 24 _n._

_Strabo_ on the Amazons, i. 214;
his version of the Argonautic expedition, i. 255;
on Old and New Ilium, i. 329 _seq._;
his transformation of mythes to history, i. 413.

_Strangers_, supplication of, ii. 79 _n._;
reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.

_Stratêgi_, Kleisthenean, iv. 136;
enlarged functions of Athenian, after the Persian war, v. 276.

_Stratolas_, x. 320.

_Stratus_, attack of Peloponnesians, Ambrakiots and Epirots upon,
B. C. 429, vi. 194.

_Strelitzes_, suppression of the revolt of, by Peter the Great,
iv. 232 _n._ 3.

_Strombichidês_, pursuit of Chalkideus and Alkibiadês by, vii. 371;
expedition of, to Chios, vii. 374, 390, 392;
removal of, from Chios to the Hellespont, viii. 94;
arrival of, at Samos, from the Hellespont, viii. 95;
and other Athenian democrats, imprisonment of, viii. 236;
trial and execution of, viii. 240 _seq._

_Strophê_, introduction of, iv. 89.

_Struthas_, victory of, over Thimbron, ix. 362.

_Strymôn_, Greek settlements east of, in Thrace, iv. 25;
Xerxes’s bridges across the, v. 25.

_Styx_, i. 7, 8.

_Styx_, rocks near, ii. 301 _n._

_Subterranean_, course of rivers in Greece, ii. 219.

_Succession_, Solon’s laws of, iii. 139.

_Suli_, iii. 418.

_Suppliants_, reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.

_Supplication_ of strangers, ii. 79 _n._

_Susa_, sum found in by Alexander the Great, iv. 236 _n._;
Pharnabazus conveys Greek escorts towards, viii. 135;
Alexander at, xii. 168, 238;
Alexander’s march from, to Persepolis, xii. 246 _seq._

_Susia_, xii. 189.

_Susian Gates_, Alexander at, xii. 171.

_Syagrus_, reply of, to Gelôn, i. 167.

_Sybaris_, foundation, territory and colonies of, iii. 376 _seq._;
fall of, iii. 392, 399, iv. 413 _seq._;
maximum power of, iii. 394 _seq._;
and Krotôn, war between, iv. 412.

_Sybarites_, character of, iii. 394 _seq._;
defeat of, by the Krotoniates, iv. 413;
descendants of, at Thurii, vi. 13.

_“Sybaritic tales”_, iii. 394.

_Syennesis of Kilikia_, and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 18.

_Sylosôn_, iv. 248 _seq._

_Symmories_ at Athens, x. 117 _seq._;
speech of Demosthenês on the, xi. 285 _seq._

_Symplêgades_, the, i. 235.

_Syntagma_, Macedonian, xii. 60.

_Syracusan_ assembly, on the approaching Athenian expedition,
B. C. 415, vii. 183 _seq._;
ships, improvements in, to suit the narrow harbor, vii. 297;
squadron under Hermokrates against Athens in the Ægean,
x. 385 _seq._;
generals at Agrigentum, complaints against, x. 427, 431;
generals at Agrigentum, speech of Dionysius against, x. 433 _seq._;
horsemen, mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 451 _seq._;
soldiers mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 462 _seq._

_Syracusans_, confidence and proceedings of, after the capture of
Plemmyrium, B. C. 413, vii. 293 _seq._;
and Athenians, conflicts between, in the Great Harbor, vii. 294,
299 _seq._, 316 _seq._, 324 _seq._;
defeat of the Athenian night attack upon Epipolæ by, vii. 305 _seq._;
their blockade of the Athenians in the harbor, vii. 318;
captured by Thrasyllus, viii. 129;
delay of, in aiding Selinus, B. C. 409, x. 404, 408;
improvement in Dionysius’s behavior towards, B. C. 399, x. 473;
victory of, over the Carthaginians in the great Harbor, x. 501;
negotiations of Dionysius the Younger with Dion and the, xi. 96;
defeat of Dionysius the Younger, by Dion and the, xi. 97 _seq._;
application from, to Dion at Leontini, xi. 108;
gratitude of, to Dion, xi. 112;
opposition of, to Dion as dictator, xi. 121 _seq._;
application of, to Hiketas and Corinth, B. C. 344, x. 134 _seq._;
and Timoleon, application of, to Corinth, xi. 167.

_Syracuse_, foundation of, iii. 363;
petalism or ostracism at, iv. 162;
inferior to Agrigentum and Gela, before B. C. 500, v. 204;
in B. C. 500, v. 205;
increased population and power of, under Gelo, v. 214 _seq._;
prisoners awarded to, after the battle of Himera, v. 225;
topography of, B. C. 465, v. 235 _n._;
fall of the Gelonian dynasty at, v. 235 _seq._;
Gelonian citizens of, v. 237 _seq._;
reaction against despotism at, after the fall of the Gelonian
dynasty, v. 240;
political dissensions and failure of ostracism at, vii. 122;
foreign exploits of, B. C. 452, vii. 123;
Duketius at, vii. 124;
and Agrigentum, hostilities between, B. C. 446, vii. 125;
conquests and ambitious schemes of, B. C. 440, vii. 126;
incredulity and contempt at, as to the Athenian armament for Sicily,
B. C. 415, vii. 182;
quiescence of the democracy at, vii. 183 _n._;
preparations at, on the approach of the Athenian armament at,
B. C. 415, vii. 190;
empty display of the Athenian armament at, B. C. 415, vii. 194;
increased confidence at, through Nikias’s inaction, B. C. 415,
vii. 218;
landing of Nikias and his forces in the Great Harbor of, B. C. 415,
vii. 219;
defensive measures of, after the battle near the Olympieion,
vii. 228;
embassy from, to Corinth and Sparta, B. C. 415, vii. 235;
local condition and fortifications of, in the spring of B. C. 414,
vii. 244;
localities outside the walls of, vii. 245;
possibilities of the siege of, B. C. 415 and 414, vii. 245;
siege of, B. C. 414, vii. 248 _seq._;
battle near, B. C. 414, vii. 255 _seq._;
entrance of the Athenian fleet into the Great Harbor at, B. C. 414,
vii. 256;
approach of Gylippus to, vii. 262 _seq._;
arrival of Gylippus and Gongylus at, vii. 265;
expedition to, under Demosthenês B. C. 413, vii. 289;
Athenian victory in the harbor of, B. C. 413, vii. 291;
defeat of a Sicilian reinforcement to, B. C. 413, vii. 295;
disadvantages of the Athenian fleet in the harbor of, vii. 296;
arrival of Demosthenês at, vii. 301, 303;
philo-Athenians at, during the siege, vii. 311 _n._;
increase of force and confidence in, after the night attack upon
Epipolæ, vii. 314;
postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by an eclipse of the
moon, vii. 315;
number and variety of forces engaged at, vii. 318;
postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by Hermokratês,
vii. 330;
retreat of the Athenians from, vii. 331 _seq._;
number and treatment of Athenian prisoners at, vii. 344 _seq._;
topography of, and the operations during the Athenian siege,
vii. 401 _seq._;
rally of Athens during the year after the disaster at, viii. 1;
reinforcement from, in aid of Sparta, B. C. 368, x. 258;
after the destruction of the Athenian armament, x. 383, 389 _seq._;
and the quarrel between Selinus and Egesta, B. C. 410, x. 403 _seq._;
embassy from, to Hannibal, at Selinus, x. 409;
aid from, to Himera, against Hannibal, x. 410, 411;
attempts of Hermokrates to enter, x. 416 _seq._;
first appearance of Dionysius at, x. 420;
discord at, B. C. 407, x. 421;
reinforcement from, to Agrigentum, x. 426;
movement of the Hermokratean party at, to raise Dionysius to power,
x. 432;
Dionysius one of the generals at, 434 _seq._;
return of the Hermokratean exiles to, x. 436;
return of Dionysius from Gela, to, B. C. 405, x. 429;
establishment of Dionysius as despot at, x. 444 _seq._, 454;
re-distribution of property at, by Dionysius, x. 459 _seq._;
locality of, x. 470;
additional fortifications at, by Dionysius, x. 471 _seq._;
plunder of Carthaginians at, by permission of Dionysius, x. 482;
provisions of Dionysius for the defence of, against the
Carthaginians, B. C. 396, x. 494;
retreat of Dionysius from, to Katana, B. C. 395, x. 497;
siege of, by Imilkon, x. 498 _seq._;
Carthaginians before, x. 498 _seq._, 506 _seq._;
exultation at, over the burning of the Carthaginian fleet at Daskon,
x. 509;
new constructions and improvements by Dionysius at, xi. 39;
feeling at, towards Dionysius the Younger and Dion, B. C. 357,
xi. 86;
Dion’s march from Herakleia to, xi. 90;
Timokrates, governor of, xi. 92 _seq._;
Dion’s entries into, B. C. 357 and B. C. 356, xi. 92 _seq._, 110;
flight of Dionysius the Younger from, to Lokri, xi. 104;
rescue of, by Dion, xi. 108 _seq._;
condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 129 _seq._;
return of Dionysius the Younger to, xi. 132;
first arrival of Timoleon at, xi. 149;
return of Timoleon from Adranum to, xi. 158;
flight of Magon from, xi. 159 _seq._;
Timoleon’s temptations and conduct on becoming master of,
xi. 163 _seq._;
Timoleon’s recall of exiles to, xi. 166;
desolate condition of, on coming into the hands of Timoleon,
xi. 166, 167;
efforts of Corinth to reconstitute, xi. 167, 168;
influx of colonists to, on the invitation of Corinth and Timoleon,
xi. 169;
Timoleon marches from, against the Carthaginians, xi. 172 _seq._;
Timoleon lays down his power at, xi. 185;
great influence of Timoleon at, after his resignation, xi. 186, 193;
residence of Timoleon at, xi. 190;
Timoleon in the public assembly of, xi. 190 _seq._;
the constitution established by Timoleon at, exchanged for a
democracy, xii. 393;
expedition from, to Krotôn, about B. C. 320, xii. 397;
revolutions at, about B. C. 320, xii. 399, 400;
massacre at, by Agathokles in collusion with Hamilkar,
xii. 401 _seq._;
Agathokles constituted despot of, xii. 402;
Hamilkar’s unsuccessful attempt to take, xii. 422 _seq._;
barbarities of Agathokles at, after his African expedition, xii. 446.

_Syrians_, not distinguished from Assyrians in Greek authors,
iii. 290 _n._

_Syrphax_, xii. 90.

_Syssitia_, or public mess at Sparta, ii. 381.

T.

_Tachos_, x. 361 _seq._

_Tagus_, Thessalian, ii. 281.

_Talôs_, i. 240.

_Tamos_, x. 13.

_Tamynæ_, Phokion’s victory at, xi. 341;
Demosthenes reproached for his absence from the battle of, xi. 344.

_Tanagra_, battle of, v. 328;
reconciliation of leaders and parties at Athens, after the battle
of, v. 329.

_Tantalus_, i. 157.

_Taochi_, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 109 _seq._

_Taphians_ in Homer’s time, ii. 102.

_Taranto_, fishery at, iii. 389 _n._ 2.

_Tarentines_ and Rhegians, expedition of, against the Iapygians,
v. 238;
and Mesapians, xii. 394.

_Tarentum_, foundation of cities in the Gulf of, i. 230;
Greek settlements on the Gulf of, iii. 384;
foundation and position of, iii. 387 _seq._

_Tarsus_, origin of, i. 85 _n._, iii. 277;
Cyrus the Younger at, ix. 20 _seq._;
Alexander at, xii. 112.

_Tartarus_, i. 4, 8, 9.

_Tartessus_, iii. 274;
not visited by Greeks before B. C. 630, iii. 277;
Kôlæus’s voyage to, iii. 278.

_Tauri_ in the Crimea, iii. 245.

_Tauromenium_, iii. 362;
commencement of, x. 493;
repulse of Dionysius at, xi. 5;
capture of, by Dionysius, xi. 8;
Timoleon at, xi. 146.

_Taurus_, xii. 182 _n._ 2.

_Taurus, Mount_, Alexander at, xii. 111.

_Taxiarch_, ii. 460.

_Taxila_, Alexander at, xii. 227.

_Tearless Battle_, the, x. 265 _seq._

_Tegea_ and Mantinea, ii. 443 _seq._, vi. 452, vii. 13;
and Sparta, ii. 447 _seq._;
bones of Orestês taken from, ii. 448;
refusal of, to join Argos, B. C. 421, vii. 19;
plans of the Argeian allies against, B. C. 418, vii. 76;
march of Agis to the relief of, B. C. 418, vii. 77;
revolution at, B. C. 370, x. 209;
seizure of Arcadians at, by the Theban harmost, x. 324 _seq._;
Epaminondas at, B. C. 362, x. 329, 330, 333, 335 _seq._;
march of Epaminondas from, B. C. 362, x. 333 _seq._

_Tegyra_, victory of Pelopidas at, x. 134.

_Teian_ inscriptions, iii. 186 _n._

_Telamôn_, i. 189 _seq._

_Telegonus_, i. 315.

_Têlekus_, conquests of, ii. 421;
death of, ii. 425.

_Teleontes_, iii. 51.

_Têlephus_, i. 177, 292.

_Teleutius_ and Agesilaus, capture of the Long Walls at Corinth, and of
Lechæum by, ix. 339 _seq._;
expedition of, to Rhodes, ix. 364, 368;
at Ægina, ix. 373, 376;
attack of, on the Peiræus, ix. 377 _seq._;
at Olynthus, x. 65 _seq._

_Têlinês_, iv. 106 _n._, v. 208 _seq._

_Telys, of Sybaris_, iv. 412 _seq._

_Temenion_ and Solygeius, ii. 309.

_Temenus_, Kresphontês, and Aristodêmus, ii. 2 _seq._;
and Kresphontês, family of, lowest in the series of subjects for
heroic drama, ii. 10.

_Temnos_, situation of, iii. 191 _n._ 1.

_Tempe_, remarks of Herodotus on the legend of, i. 400;
Delphian procession to, ii. 275 _n._ 2;
Grecian army sent to defend, against Xerxes, v. 68;
abandonment of the defence of, against Xerxes, v. 69 _seq._

_Temple of Eleusis_ built by order of Dêmêtêr, i. 40.

_Tenedos_, continental settlements of, iii. 195;
recovery of, by Macedonian admiralty, xii. 141.

_Ten_, appointment of the, at Athens, viii. 271;
measures of the, at Athens, viii. 272;
peace between the, at Athens, and Thrasybulus, viii. 279 _seq._;
treatment of the, at Athens, B. C. 403, viii. 293.

_Ten generals_ appointed to succeed Alkibiadês, viii. 159.

_Tennes_, the Sidonian prince, xi. 438.

_Ten Thousand Greeks_, position and circumstances of, ix. 11;
commencement of their retreat, ix. 52;
Persian heralds to, on commencing their retreat, ix. 52;
negotiations and convention of Tissaphernes with, ix. 59 _seq._;
quarrel of, with Ariæus, ix. 63;
retreating march of, under Tissaphernes, ix. 63 _seq._;
at the Tigris, ix. 65 _seq._;
at the Greater Zab, ix. 69;
summoned by Ariæus to surrender, ix. 76;
distress of, after the seizure of the generals, ix. 76;
new generals appointed by, ix. 80;
great ascendency of Xenophon over, ix. 83 _seq._;
crossing of the Great Zab by, ix. 88;
harassing attacks of the Persian cavalry on, ix. 88 _seq._;
retreat of, along the Tigris, ix. 90 _seq._;
and the Karduchians, ix. 96 _seq._;
at the Kentritês, ix. 100 _seq._;
in Armenia, ix. 102 _seq._;
and the Chalybes, ix. 107 _seq._;
and the Taochi, ix. 107 _seq._;
and the Skythine, ix. 110;
first sight of the Euxine by, ix. 111;
and the Makrônes, ix. 112;
and the Kolchians, ix. 112, 127;
at Trapezus, ix. 113, 124 _seq._;
geography of the retreat of, ix. 115 _seq._;
feelings of the Greeks on the Euxine towards, ix. 123 _seq._;
leave Trapezus, ix. 127;
at Kerasus, ix. 127;
march of, to Kotyôra, ix. 128;
at Kotyôra, ix. 129 _seq._;
and the Paphlagonians, ix. 144;
sail to Sinopê, ix. 144;
at Herakleia, ix. 146;
at Kalpê, ix. 147;
and Kleander, ix. 149 _seq._, 164;
and Anaxibius, ix. 154 _seq._, 163;
and Seuthes, ix. 154, 165 _seq._;
after leaving Byzantium, ix. 163 _seq._;
and Aristarchus, ix. 164 _seq._;
under the Lacedæmonians, ix. 168, 173, 206, 214;
in Mysia, ix. 172 _seq._;
Xenophon’s farewell of, ix. 175;
effects of their retreat on the Greek mind, ix. 179 _seq._

_Ten Thousand_, the Pan-Arcadian, x. 232.

_Teôs_, foundation of, iii. 185;
inscriptions of, iii. 186 _n._;
emigration from, on the conquest of Harpagus, iv. 203;
loss of, to Athens, B. C. 412, vii. 383;
capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, viii. 154.

_Tereus_, i. 196.

_Terpander_, ii. 141;
musical improvements of, iv. 75.

_Tethys_, i. 5, 6.

_Teukrians_, the, i. 335;
and Mysians, ethnical affinities and migrations of, iii. 208 _seq._

_Teukrus_, i. 189.

_Teukrus, the metic_, vii. 195, 197, 205 _n._ 1.

_Teuthrania_ mistaken by the Greeks for Troy, i. 292.

_Teutonic and Scandinavian epic_, its analogy with the Grecian,
i. 479 _seq._;
points of distinction between the Grecian and, i. 481.

_Thais_ and the burning of the palace of Persepolis, xii. 176 _n._ 3.

_Thales_, Xenophanês, and Pythagoras, i. 367 _seq._;
predictions ascribed to, ii. 116;
alleged prediction of an eclipse of the sun by, iii. 231 _n._ 3;
suggestion of, respecting the twelve Ionic cities in Asia, iii. 259;
philosophy and celebrity of, iv. 381 _seq._

_Thaletas_, iv. 83, 86.

_Thamyris_, analogy between the story of, and that of Marsyas,
iii. 214.

_Thanatos_, i. 7.

_Thapsakus_, Cyrus the Younger end his forces at, ix. 29 _seq._;
Alexander crosses the Euphrates at, xii. 150.

_Thasos_, island of, iv. 25;
attempted revolt of, from the Persians, iv. 313;
contribution levied by Xerxes on, v. 42;
revolt of, from the confederacy of Delos, v. 310;
blockade and conquest of, B. C. 464-463, v. 312;
application of, to Sparta, for aid against Athens, v. 312;
expulsion of the Lacedæmonians from, viii. 127;
reduction of, by Thrasyllus, viii. 144;
slaughter at, by Lysander, viii. 222.

_Thaumas_, i. 7.

_Theagenes of Rhegium_, the first to allegorize mythical narratives,
v. i. 418.

_Theagenes, despot of Megara_, iii. 44.

_Theagenes of Thasus_, statue of, 17, v. _n._ 2.

_Theatre_, Athenian, accessibility of, to the poorest citizens,
viii. 320.

_Thebaïd_ of Antimachus, i. 268.

_Thebaïs_, the Cyclic, i. 268;
ascribed to Homer, ii. 129.

_Theban_ contingent of Leonidas, doubts about, v. 91, 95;
leaders put to death after the battle of Platæa, v. 187;
prisoners in the night-surprise at Platæa, slaughter of,
vi. 118 _seq._;
military column, depth of, vi. 386, 390;
band of Three Hundred, vi. 387;
exiles at Athens, x. 61, 80 _seq._

_Thebans_ and Æginetans, i. 184;
against the seven chiefs, i. 273;
application of, to Ægina, for assistance against Athens, iv. 172;
and Xerxes’s invasion, v. 76;
defeated by the Athenians at Platæa, v. 179;
night-surprise of Platæa by, B. C. 431, vi. 114 _seq._;
capture of, in the night-surprise of Platæa, vi. 116 _seq._;
captured in the night-surprise of Platæa, slaughter of,
vi. 118 _seq._;
opposition of, to peace with Athens, B. C. 404, viii. 229 _n._;
humiliation of Agesilaus by, ix. 256;
application of, to Athens for aid against Sparta, B. C. 395,
ix. 291 _seq._;
at the battle of Corinth, ix. 306 _n._;
and Spartans at the battle of Korôneia, ix. 315;
and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 386;
expulsion of the Lacedæmonians from Bœotia by, B. C. 374, x. 135;
invasion of Phokis by, B. C. 374, x. 136;
discouragement and victory of, at Leuktra, x. 177 _seq._;
and allies, invasion of Laconia by, B. C. 370, x. 215 _seq._;
displeasure of, with Epaminondas, B. C. 367, x. 268;
expeditions of, to Thessaly, to rescue Pelopidas, x. 283, 303 _seq._;
destruction of Orchomenus by, x. 311;
under Pammenes, expedition of, to Megalopolis, x. 359;
extinction of free cities in Bœotia by, xi. 201;
exertions of, to raise a confederacy against the Phokians, B. C. 356,
ix. 251;
Lokrians and Thessalians, war of, against the Phokians, B. C. 355,
xi. 254;
assistance under Pammenes sent by, to Artabazus, xi. 257, 299;
assistance of, to Megalopolis against Sparta, B. C. 352-351,
xi. 299 _seq._;
obtain money from the Persian king, B. C. 350-349, xi. 302;
invoke the aid of Philip to put down the Phokians, xi. 375;
Philip declares his sympathy with, B. C. 346, xi. 421;
invited by Philip to assist in an attack upon Attica, B. C. 339,
xi. 483 _seq._;
and Athenians, war of, against Philip in Phokis, xi. 493, 494 _seq._;
revolt of, against Alexander, xii. 29 _seq._

_Thêbê_, xi. 204 _seq._

_Thebes_ and Orchomenos, i. 135;
legends of, i. 256 _seq._;
how founded by Kadmus, i. 258;
five principal families at, i. 259;
foundation of, by Amphiôn, i. 263;
poems on the sieges of, i. 266;
sieges of, i. 269 _seq._;
the seven chiefs against, i. 273 _seq._;
repulse of the seven chiefs against, i. 274 _seq._;
the seven chiefs against death of all but Adrastus, i. 276;
the seven chiefs against, burial of the fallen, i. 277;
second siege of, i. 279, 280;
early legislation of, ii. 297;
and Platæa, disputes between, iv. 166;
summoned to give up its leaders after the battle of Platæa, v. 186;
discredit of, for its _Medism_, v. 314;
supremacy of, in Bœotia restored by Sparta, v. 314, 327;
mastery of Athens over, B. C. 456, v. 331;
reinforcements from, in support of the night-surprise at Platæa,
vi. 114 _seq._;
hard treatment of Thespiæ by, B. C. 423, vi. 452;
altered feeling of, after the capture of Athens by Lysander,
viii. 259, 264, 275;
and Sparta, war between, B. C. 395, ix. 289 _seq._;
revolt of Orchomenos from, to Sparta, ix. 293;
alliance of, with Athens, Corinth, and Argos, against Sparta,
ix. 301;
increased importance of, B. C. 395, ix. 301;
alarm at, and proposals of peace from, on the Lacedæmonian capture of
the Long Walls at Corinth, ix. 341;
envoys from, to Agesilaus, ix. 347, 352;
and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 12;
proceedings of Sparta against, after the peace of Antalkidas,
x. 28 _seq._;
seizure of the Kadmeia at, by Phœbidas, x. 58 _seq._;
government of, B. C. 382, x. 59 _n._ 1;
under Leontiades and other philo-Laconian oligarchs, x. 79 _seq._;
conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at, x. 81 _seq._;
alliance of, with Athens, B. C. 378, x. 102;
state of, after the revolution of, B. C. 379, x. 119;
the Sacred Band at, x. 120;
expeditions of Agesilaus against, B. C. 378 and 377, x. 127 _seq._;
displeasure of Athens against, B. C. 474, x. 134, 158;
dealings of, with Platæa and Thespiæ, B. C. 372, x. 159 _seq._;
exclusion of, from the peace of B. C. 371, x. 167 _seq._;
increased power of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 193;
and Sparta, alleged arbitration of the Achæans between, after the
battle of Leuktra, x. 199 _n._;
influence of, in Thessaly, B. C. 369, x. 248;
alienation of the Arcadians from, B. C. 368, x. 259 _seq._;
assassination of Euphron at, x. 273 _seq._;
application of, to Persia, B. C. 367, x. 277 _seq._;
Persian rescript in favor of, x. 278 _seq._;
protest of the Arcadians against the headship of, x. 281;
peace of Corinth, Epidaurus an Phlius with, B. C. 366, x. 290 _seq._;
opposition of the Mantineans and other Arcadians to, B. C. 362,
x. 326;
power of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 200 _seq._;
Philip at, xi. 207 _seq._;
Eubœa rescued from, by Athens, B. C. 358, xi. 217 _seq._;
accusation of, against Sparta before the Amphiktyonic assembly,
xi. 243;
accusation of, against Phokis before the Amphiktyonic assembly,
xi. 243;
the Phokians countenanced by Athens and Sparta as rivals of, xi. 262;
envoys to Philip from, B. C. 346, xi. 405, 408;
and Athens, unfriendly relations between, B. C. 339, xi. 484;
mission of Demosthenês to, B. C. 339, xi. 486 _seq._;
and Athens, alliance of, against Philip, B. C. 339, xi. 490;
severity of Philip towards, after the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 505;
march of Alexander from Thrace to, xii. 36;
capture and destruction of, by Alexander, xii. 37 _seq._;
restored by Kassander, xii. 441.

_Thebes in Egypt_, iii. 312.

_Theft_, laws of, at Athens, iii. 142.

_Theia_, i. 5.

_Themis_, i. 5, 10.

_Themistoklês_, character of, iv. 337 _seq._;
and Aristeidês, rivalry between, v. 50, 273;
change of Athens from a land-power to a sea-power proposed by, v. 52;
long-sighted views of, in creating a navy at Athens, v. 53,
293 _n._ 2;
and the Laurian mines, v. 54;
his explanation of the answer of the Delphian oracle on Xerxes’s
invasion, v. 61;
prevails upon the Greeks to stay and fight at Artemisium,
v. 97 _seq._;
inscribed invitations of, to the Ionians under Xerxes, v. 102;
activity and resource of, on Xerxes’s approach, v. 110;
opposes the removal of the Greek fleet from Salamis to the isthmus
of Corinth, v. 121 _seq._;
and Eurybiadês at Salamis, v. 123 _n._;
and Adeimantus of Corinth, at Salamis, v. 122, 125;
his message to Xerxes before the battle of Salamis, v. 126;
his message to Xerxes after the battle of Salamis, v. 139;
levies fines on the Cyclades, v. 141;
honors rendered to, after the battle of Salamis, v. 146;
alleged proposal of, to burn all the Grecian ships except the
Athenian, v. 203 _n._ 2;
stratagem of, respecting the fortification of Athens, v. 244 _seq._;
plans of, for the naval aggrandizement of Athens, v. 248 _seq._;
persuades the Athenians to build twenty new triremes annually,
v. 252;
and Pausanias, v. 273, 282;
opponents and corruption of, after the Persian war, v. 278 _seq._;
and Timokreon, v. 278;
first accusation of treason against, v. 280;
two accusations of treason against, v. 280 _n._ 1;
ostracism of, v. 281, 282 _n._ 1;
second accusation of treason against, v. 382;
flight and adventures of, on charge of _Medism_, v. 283 _seq._;
and Admêtus, v. 283;
and Artaxerxes Longimanus, v. 285 _seq._;
in Persia, v. 285 _seq._;
rewards and death of, v. 287 _seq._

_Theodôrus of Samos_, iv. 98 _n._

_Theodôrus the Syracusan_, speech of, against Dionysius, x. 501 _seq._

_Theognis_, iii. 44, iv. 92.

_Theogony_ of the Greeks not a cosmogony, i. 2;
of Hesiod, i. 3;
Orphic, i. 17 _seq._;
Hesiodic and Orphic, compared, i. 20 _seq._;
Hesiodic legend of Pandôra in, i. 75.

_Theoklês_, the founder of Naxos, in Sicily, iii. 361;
expels the Sikels from Leontini and Katana, iii. 363.

_Theology_, triple, of the pagan world, i. 439.

_Theophrastus_, the phytologist, i. 360 _n._;
his treatment of mythes, i. 412.

_Theopompus, the Spartan king_, ii. 424 _nn._

_Theopompus, the historian_, on the Spartan empire, ix. 195 _n._

_Theôric Board_ at Athens, creation of, ix. 379.

_Theôric Fund_, allusions of Demosthenês to, xi. 334, 338;
motion of Apollodorus about, xi. 348;
not appropriated to war purposes till just before the battle of
Chæroneia, xi. 353;
true character of, xi. 353 _seq._;
attempt of the Athenian property-classes to evade direct taxation by
recourse to, xi. 357;
application of, to military purposes, xi. 492.

_Theôrikon_, viii. 321.

_Theôrs_, ii. 243.

_Thêra_, ii. 27;
foundation of Kyrênê from, iv. 29 _seq._

_Theramenês_, Peloponnesian fleet under, vii. 388;
statement of, respecting the Four Hundred, viii. 13 _n._ 2;
expedition of, to the Hellespont, viii. 118;
accusation of the generals at Arginusæ by, viii. 181 _seq._;
probable conduct of, at Arginusæ, viii. 185 _seq._, 187 _n._;
first embassy of, to Sparta, viii. 227;
second embassy of, to Sparta, viii. 228;
and the executions by the Thirty, viii. 241, 242, 245;
and Kritias, dissentient views of, viii. 241 _seq._, 249;
exasperation of the majority of the Thirty against, viii. 249;
denunciation of, by Kritias in the senate, viii. 249;
reply of, to Kritins’s denunciation in the senate, viii. 251;
condemnation and death of, vii. 253 _seq._

_Theramenês_ the Athenian, viii. 19;
his opposition to the Four Hundred, viii. 58 _seq._;
his impeachment of the embassy of the Four Hundred to Sparta,
viii. 84 _seq._

_Therimachus_, ix. 366.

_Therma_, Xerxes’s movements from, to Thermopylæ, v. 83;
capture of, by Archestratus, vi. 70.

_Thermaic Gulf_, original occupants on, iv. 13.

_Thermopylæ_, Greeks north of, in the first two centuries, ii. 274;
Phokian defensive wall at, ii. 283;
resolution of Greeks to defend against Xerxes, v. 71;
the pass of, v. 73 _seq._;
path over Mount Œta avoiding, v. 73;
movements of Xerxes from Therma to, v. 83;
impressions of Xerxes about the defenders at, v. 86;
repeated Persian attacks upon, repulsed, v. 87;
debate among the defenders of, when the Persians approached their
rear, v. 89;
manœuvres ascribed to Xerxes respecting the dead at, v. 103;
numbers slain at, on both sides, v. 103;
inscriptions commemorative of the battle at, v. 104;
effect of the battle of, on the Greeks and Xerxes, v. 105 _seq._;
conduct of the Peloponnesians after the battle of, v. 106;
hopeless situation of the Athenians after the battle of, v. 106;
Onomarchus at, xi. 256;
Philip checked at, by the Athenians, xi. 296;
position of Phalækus at, B. C. 347-346, xi. 374, 418;
application of the Phokians to Athens for aid against Philip at,
B. C. 347, xi. 376;
importance of, to Philip and Athens, B. C. 347, xi. 378;
march of Philip to, B. C. 346, xi. 407 _seq._;
plans of Philip against, B. C. 346, xi. 410;
letters of Philip inviting the Athenians to join him at, xi. 417;
Phokians at, B. C. 347-346, xi. 418 _seq._;
surrender of, to Philip, xi. 421;
professions of Philip after his conquest of, xi. 424;
special meeting of the Amphiktyous at, B. C. 339, xi. 479.

_Thermus_, ii. 291.

_Thêro of Agrigentum_ and Gelo, v. 220 _seq._;
and Hiero, v. 228;
severe treatment of Himeræans by, v. 228;
death of, v. 230.

_Thersander_, the Orchomenian, at the Theban banquet to Mardonius,
v. 160.

_Thersitês_, i. 298, ii. 70 _seq._

_Therseium_ at Athens, v. 306.

_Thêseus_, i. 169, 207 _seq._;
and the Minôtaur, i. 223;
obtains burial for the fallen chiefs against Thêbes, i. 277;
the political reforms of, ii. 21;
and Menestheus, ii. 22;
restoration of the sons of, to his kingdom, ii. 23;
consolidation of Attica by, iii. 69;
bones of, conveyed to Athens, v. 304.

_Thesmoi_, iii. 76.

_Thesmophoria_, festival of, i. 44.