Chapter I: On Neutrality in General

I. _Development of the Institution of Neutrality_

285. Neutrality not practised in Ancient Times 347
286. Neutrality during the Middle Ages 348
287. Neutrality during the Seventeenth Century 349
288. Progress of Neutrality during the Eighteenth Century 350
289. First Armed Neutrality 352
290. The French Revolution and the Second Armed Neutrality 354
291. Neutrality during the Nineteenth Century 357
292. Neutrality in the Twentieth Century 359

II. _Characteristics of Neutrality_

293. Conception of Neutrality 361
294. Neutrality an Attitude of Impartiality 362
295. Neutrality an Attitude creating Rights and Duties 363
296. Neutrality an Attitude of States 363
297. No Cessation of Intercourse during Neutrality between
Neutrals and Belligerents 365
298. Neutrality an Attitude during War (Neutrality in Civil
War) 365
299. Neutrality to be recognised by the Belligerents 367

III. _Different Kinds of Neutrality_

300. Perpetual Neutrality 368
301. General and Partial Neutrality 369
302. Voluntary and Conventional Neutrality 369
303. Armed Neutrality 369
304. Benevolent Neutrality 370
305. Perfect and Qualified Neutrality 370
306. Some Historical Examples of Qualified Neutrality 371

IV. _Commencement and End of Neutrality_

307. Neutrality commences with Knowledge of the War 373
308. Commencement of Neutrality in Civil War 374
309. Establishment of Neutrality by Declarations 374
310. Municipal Neutrality Laws 375
311. British Foreign Enlistment Act 375
312. End of Neutrality 377