Chapter II: The Outbreak of War

I. _Commencement of War_

93. Commencement of War in General 121
94. Declaration of War 123
95. Ultimatum 125
96. Initiative hostile Acts of War 126

II. _Effects of the Outbreak of War_

97. General Effects of the Outbreak of War 128
98. Rupture of Diplomatic Intercourse and Consular Activity 129
99. Cancellation of Treaties 129
100. Precarious position of Belligerents' subjects on Enemy
Territory 131
100_a_. _Persona standi in judicio_ on Enemy Territory 133
101. Intercourse, especially Trading, between Subjects of
Belligerents 135
102. Position of Belligerents' Property in the Enemy State 139
102_a_. Effect of the Outbreak of War
on Merchantmen 140