Chapter IV: Warfare on Sea

I. _On Sea Warfare in General_

173. Aims and Means of Sea Warfare 216
174. Lawful and Unlawful Practices of Sea Warfare 217
175. Objects of the Means of Sea Warfare 218
176. Development of International Law regarding Private
Property on Sea 218
177. Declaration of Paris 220
178. The Principle of Appropriation of Private Enemy Vessels
and Enemy Goods thereon 221
179. Impending Codification of Law of Sea Warfare 224

II. _Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels_

180. Importance of Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels 225
181. Attack, when legitimate 225
182. Attack, how effected 226
182_a_. Submarine Contact Mines 227
183. Duty of giving Quarter 231
184. Seizure 231
185. Effect of Seizure 231
186. Immunity of Vessels charged with Religious, Scientific,
or Philanthropic Mission 232
187. Immunity of Fishing-boats and small boats employed in
local Trade 234
188. Immunity of Merchantmen at the Outbreak of War on their
Voyage to and from a Belligerent's Port 235
189. Vessels in Distress 236
190. Immunity of Hospital and Cartel Ships 236
191. Immunity of Mail-boats and Mail-bags 236

III. _Appropriation, and Destruction of Enemy Merchantmen_

192. Prize Courts 238
193. Conduct of Prize to Port of Prize Court 241
194. Destruction of Prize 242
195. Ransom of Prize 245
196. Loss of Prize, especially Recapture 246
197. Fate of Prize 247
198. Vessels belonging to Subjects of Neutral States, but
sailing under Enemy Flag 248
199. Effect of Sale of Enemy Vessels during War 248
200. Goods sold by and to Enemy Subjects during War 249

IV. _Violence against Enemy Persons_

201. Violence against Combatants 249
202. Violence against Non-combatant Members of Naval Forces 250
203. Violence against Enemy Individuals not belonging to the
Naval Forces 251

V. _Treatment of Wounded and Shipwrecked_

204. Adaptation of Geneva Convention to Sea Warfare 252
205. The Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked 253
205_a_. Treatment of the Dead 254
206. Hospital Ships 254
206_a_. Hospital Ships in Neutral Ports 256
206_b_. Sick-Bays 257
207. Distinctive Colour and Emblem of Hospital Ships 258
208. Neutral Vessels assisting the Wounded, Sick, or
Shipwrecked 259
209. The Religious, Medical, and Hospital Staff 260
209_a_. Application of Convention X., and Prevention of
Abuses 260
209_b_. General Provisions of Convention X. 261

VI. _Espionage, Treason, Ruses_

210. Espionage and Treason 262
211. Ruses 262

VII. _Requisitions, Contributions, Bombardment_

212. Requisitions and Contributions upon Coast Towns 264
213. Bombardment of the Enemy Coast 266

VIII. _Interference with Submarine Telegraph Cables_

214. Uncertainty of Rules concerning Interference with
Submarine Telegraph Cables 271