Chapter XXXIV: Part I: , Page 1579, date 12 November 1938, signed by the Defendant (3)

“The average number of Jews dealt with at the camp in the summer
of 1942 was about two railway transports daily, but there were
days of much higher efficiency. From autumn 1942 this number was
falling.

“After unloading in the siding, all victims were assembled in
one place, where men were separated from women and children. In
the first days of the existence of the camp the victims were
made to believe that after a short stay in the camp, necessary
for bathing and disinfection, they would be sent farther east
for work. Explanations of this sort were given by SS men who
assisted at the unloading of the transports, and further
explanations could be read in notices stuck up on the walls of
the barracks. But later, when more transports had to be dealt
with, the Germans dropped all pretenses and only tried to
accelerate the procedure.

“All victims had to strip off their clothes and shoes, which
were collected afterwards, whereupon all victims, women and
children first, were driven into the death chambers. Those too
slow or too weak to move quickly were driven in by rifle butts,
by whipping and kicking, often by Sauer himself. Many slipped
and fell; the next victims pressed forward and stumbled over
them. Small children were simply thrown inside. After being
filled up to capacity, the chambers were hermetically closed and
steam was let in. In a few minutes all was over. The Jewish
menial workers had to remove the bodies from the platform and to
bury them in mass graves. By and by, as new transports arrived,
the cemetery grew, extending in an easterly direction.

“From reports received it may be assumed that several hundred
thousands of Jews have been exterminated in Treblinka.”

I now offer in evidence the document identified by Number L-22, Exhibit USA-294. This is an official United States Government report issued by the Executive Office of the President of the United States, War Refugee Board, on the German camps at Auschwitz and Birkenau, dated 1944. On Page 33 of this report is set forth the number of Jews gassed in Birkenau in the 2-year period between April 1942 and April 1944. I have been assured that the figure printed in this report is not a typographical error. The number shown is 1,765,000.

I would now like to turn to the German bookkeeping and statistics for enlightenment on the extermination of Jews in Poland. Referring again to the diary of Hans Frank already in evidence, Document 2233-PS, Exhibit USA-281, I read briefly from the beginning of the fourth paragraph on Page 1:

“For us the Jews also represent extraordinarily malignant
gluttons.

“We have now approximately 2,500,000 of them in the Government
General . . .”

THE PRESIDENT: Major Walsh, you have read this already yourself.

MAJOR WALSH: Yes, Sir, that is true. I just want to make reference to it again, Sir, for comparison with other figures.

THE PRESIDENT: Very well.

MAJOR WALSH: “. . . perhaps with the Jewish mixtures, and
everything that goes with it, 3,500,000 Jews.”

Now this figure, if the Court please, was as of 16 December 1941. I now wish to turn to 25 January 1944, 3 years and 1 month later, and make reference to another excerpt from Frank’s diary, 2233-PS, loose-leaf volume Exhibit USA-295. This volume covers the period from 1 January 1944 to 28 February 1944, and Page 5 of the original reads:

“At the present time we still have in the Government General
perhaps 100,000 Jews.”

In this period of 3 years, according to the records of the then Governor General of Occupied Poland, between 2,400,000 and 3,400,000 Jews had been eliminated.

The Prosecution could offer this Tribunal a wealth of evidence on the total number of Jews who died by Nazi hands, but it is believed that cumulative evidence would not vary the guilt of these defendants.

I do wish, however, to offer one document, a statement, to establish the deaths of 4 million Jews in camps and deaths of 2 million Jews by the State Police in the East, making a total of 6 million—Document 2738-PS, Exhibit USA-296. This is a statement—of Adolf Eichmann, Chief of the Jewish Section of the Gestapo, and the source of the figures quoted—made by Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, Deputy Group Leader of the foreign section of the Security Service, Amt VI of the RSHA. Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, in affidavit form, made the following statement; and I quote from Page 2:

“Approximately 4 million Jews had been killed in the various
concentration camps, while an additional 2 million met death in
other ways, the major part of which were shot by operational
squads of the Security Police during the campaign against
Russia.”

May I, in conclusion, emphasize that the captured documents in evidence are, almost without exception, from the official sources of the Nazi Party.

THE PRESIDENT: You only read that one statement, but where does the person who made the affidavit get his information from?

MAJOR WALSH: I shall be pleased to read that in there, Sir. I made a statement that Eichmann has been the source of the information given to Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, one of his assistants, and on Page 1 it says:

“According to my knowledge Eichmann was at that time a section
leader in the Amt IV (Gestapo) of RSHA; and in addition he had
been ordered by Himmler to get hold of the Jews in all the
European countries and to transport them to Germany. Eichmann
was then very much impressed with the fact that Romania had
withdrawn from the war in those days. Therefore, he had come to
me to get information about the military situation, which I
received daily from the Hungarian . . . Ministry of War and from
the Commander of the Waffen-SS in Hungary. He expressed his
conviction that Germany had lost the war and that he personally
had no further chance. He knew that he would be considered one
of the main war criminals by the United Nations, since he had
millions of Jewish lives on his conscience. I asked him how many
that was, to which he answered that although the number was a
great Reich secret, he would tell me since I, as a historian
too, would be interested and that probably he would not return
anyhow from his command in Romania. He had, shortly before that,
made a report to Himmler, as the latter wanted to know the exact
number of Jews who had been killed.”

It was on that basis of this information, Sir, that I read the following quotation.

THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn now.

[_A recess was taken until 1400 hours._]

_Afternoon Session_

THE PRESIDENT: The motion that was made this morning on behalf of the Defendant Kaltenbrunner is denied, and the affidavit is admitted and will not be stricken from the record. But the Tribunal wished me to say that it is open to the Defendants’ Counsel, in accordance with the Charter and the Rules, to make a motion, in writing, if they wish to do so, for the attendance of Pfaffenberger for cross-examination and to state in that motion the reasons therefor.

DR. KAUFFMANN: May I now bring up a question similar, though in some respects different, from that of Pfaffenberger? I request that the evidence of Dr. Hoettl, which was read into the record this morning be stricken out again for the following two reasons. As far as I know, Dr. Hoettl is here in Nuremberg . . .

THE PRESIDENT: One minute. Do you understand that the Tribunal has just denied the motion that you made this morning?

DR. KAUFFMANN: Yes, I understood that perfectly.

THE PRESIDENT: What is your motion now?

DR. KAUFFMANN: I should like to ask that the evidence of Dr. Hoettl be stricken from the record. My reasons for this request are rather different from those given this morning in the Pfaffenberger case.

As can be seen from the affidavit, Dr. Hoettl was interrogated on the 26th of November hardly 3 weeks ago. Moreover I gather that Dr. Hoettl is kept in custody here in Nuremberg. No delay would therefore be involved if this witness were called to the stand.

This man held a significant position in the SS and for that reason I have already applied in writing that he be called as a witness. I am convinced that there is a large amount of important evidence which he can reveal to the Court. Dr. Hoettl’s deposition is infinitely important. The death of millions of people is involved here. His affidavit is based largely on inferences, on hearsay; I believe that the facts are very different, and I would not like to apply later, after weeks or months, for the witness to be brought into Court.

MAJOR WALSH: If the Court please, excerpts from the affidavit of Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl were read into the record this morning for the purpose . . .

THE PRESIDENT: Wait—what was the number?

MAJOR WALSH: Document 2738-PS.

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, go on.

MAJOR WALSH: Dr. Hoettl’s affidavit 2738 was in part read into the record this morning for the sole purpose of showing the approximate number of Jews, according to his estimates, that had met death at the hands of the German State. No other portion of his testimony was referred to and the evidence offered was only for the sole purpose of establishing his estimate of the number. His position in the Party and in the state, as well as the position of Adolf Eichmann, the source of his information, was also stated into the record.

I believe that Dr. Hoettl, if he is desired for any other purpose by the Defense, may be called by the Defense, but the Prosecution had no other purpose in utilizing his evidence.

THE PRESIDENT: Do you wish to add anything more?

MAJOR WALSH: That is all, Sir.

THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal makes the same ruling in this case as in the case of Pfaffenberger, namely, that the affidavit is admitted in evidence but that it is open to Defendants’ Counsel to make a motion, in writing, for the attendance of the witness for cross-examination and to state in that motion the reasons for it.

MAJOR WALSH: During the morning session the Court requested certain information concerning documents that had been offered and accepted in evidence. I refer to Document 1061-PS, the report “The Warsaw Ghetto Is No More.” This report, I am told, was prepared for presentation at a meeting of the SS Police leaders to be held on 18 May 1943. That is indicated on Page 45 of the translation before the Court.

This document was captured by the 7th United States Army and delivered by them to the G-2 of the United States Forces in the European Theater. In turn they were delivered to Colonel Storey of the United States prosecutors’ staff, some months ago. The Court also ignored . . .

THE PRESIDENT: Major Walsh, I think the Tribunal also wished to know whether you could tell us to whom the report had been made?

MAJOR WALSH: The report, Sir, according to the teletypes—the daily teletypes, Sir—was addressed to the Higher SS and Police Leader East, SS Obergruppenführer and General of the Police Krüger, or his deputy.

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you.

MAJOR WALSH: The Court further inquired about Document L-53 and I have obtained some information concerning this document. This document was captured by T-Force of the Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment Number 220, found among the German records at Weimar, Germany, sometime prior to 10 May 1945.

The Court further inquired, concerning this document, the meaning of the letters “WB.” I regret that I have been unable to obtain definite information as to the meaning of “WB” but it has been suggested to me that it might mean Westbund or Western Ally because it is used in connection with the capture—the destruction of all prisoners before capture by either the WB or the Red Armies, and I presume that it may mean Westbund.

The slaughter of the Jews in Europe cannot be expressed in figures alone, for the impact of this slaughter is even more tragic to the future of the Jewish people and mankind. Ancient Jewish communities with their own rich spiritual, cultural, and economic life, bound up for centuries with the life of the nations in which they flourished, have been completely obliterated. The contribution of the Jewish people to civilization, the arts, the sciences, industry, and culture, need not, I am sure, be elaborated upon before this Tribunal. Their destruction, carried out continuously, deliberately, intentionally, and methodically by the Nazis, represents a loss to civilization of special qualities and abilities that cannot possibly be recouped.

I have not attempted to recount the multitudinous and diabolical crimes committed against the Jewish people by the state which these defendants ruled, because, with sober regard for contemporary and historical truth, a detailed description of some of these crimes would transcend the utmost reaches of the human faculty of expression. The mind already recoils and shrinks from the acceptance of the incredible facts already related. Rather, it is my purpose to elucidate the pattern, the successful and successive stages, the sequence and concurrence of the crimes committed, the pre-determined means to a pre-ordained end.

Yet, these cold, stark, brutal facts and figures, drawn largely from the defendants’ own sources and submitted in evidence before this Tribunal, defy rebuttal.

From conception to execution, from the Party program of 1920 to the gloating declarations of Himmler and the Defendant Frank in 1943 and 1944, the annihilation of the Jewish people in Europe was man-made—made by the very men, sitting in the defendants’ box, brought to judgment before this Tribunal.

Before closing may I acknowledge with appreciation the untiring services of the group of the staff of the United States’ Prosecution, through whose painstaking search, analysis, and study, this presentation of evidence was made possible: Captain Seymour Krieger, Lieutenant Brady Bryson, Lieutenant Frederick Felton, Sergeant Isaac Stone, and Mr. Hans Nathan.

COL. STOREY: If the Tribunal please, the next presentation, concerning Germanization and spoliation in occupied countries, will be presented by Captain Sam Harris.

CAPTAIN SAMUEL HARRIS (Assistant Trial Counsel for the United States): May the Tribunal please, documents relating to the Nazi program of Germanization and spoliation have been assembled in a document book bearing the letter “U.” These document books are now being distributed for the use of the members of the Tribunal. I ask Your Honors to note that the tabs on the side of the document book are numbered 1 to 30. The index sheet at the front of the book keys these numbers to the EC, PS, and R numbers of our exhibits.

For Your Honors’ convenience we have also numbered the pages of each exhibit in pencil at the upper right-hand corner of each exhibit.

The documents which we shall introduce were collected by Lieutenant Kenyon, who sits at my right, and by Doctors Derenberg and Jacoby. Without their untiring efforts, this presentation would not have been possible.

Evidence has already been introduced by Mr. Alderman to prove that the defendants conspired to wage aggressive war. It has also been proved that the desire for Lebensraum was one of the chief forces motivating the conspirators to plan, launch, and wage their wars of aggression. We propose at this time to present evidence disclosing what the conspirators intended to do with conquered territories, called by them Lebensraum, after they had succeeded in overpowering the victims of their aggressions.

We have broadly divided this subject into two categories: Germanization and spoliation. When we speak of plans to germanize, we mean plans to assimilate conquered territories politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German Reich. Germanization, we shall demonstrate, meant the obliteration of the former national character of the conquered territories and the extermination of all elements which could not be reconciled with the Nazi ideology. By spoliation, we mean the plunder of public and private property and, in general, the exploitation of the people and the natural resources of occupied countries.

We propose, with the permission of Your Honors, to introduce at this time 30 documents in all. These documents lay bare some of the secret plans of the conspirators to germanize, to plunder, to despoil, and to destroy. They do not, of course, tell the whole story of all the conspirators’ plans in this field. In some instances proof of the plan is derived from the acts committed by the conspirators. But these few documents are particularly illuminating with respect to the conspirators’ plans for Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Russia; and they indicate the outlines of carefully conceived plans for the rest of Europe. Others who follow will fill in this outline by showing a series of outrages committed on so vast a scale that no doubts will exist that they were committed according to plan.

Poland was, in a sense, the testing ground for the conspirators’ theories upon Lebensraum; and I turn to that country first.

The four western provinces of Poland were purportedly incorporated into Germany by an order of 8 October 1939. This order, which was signed by Hitler, Lammers, and Defendants Göring, Frick, and Hess, is set forth in _Reichsgesetzblatt_, 1939, Part I, Page 2042; and we ask the Tribunal to take judicial notice thereof. These areas of Poland are frequently referred to in correspondence among the conspirators as “incorporated Eastern Territories.” The remainder of Poland, which was seized by the Nazi invaders, was established as the Government General of Poland by an order of Hitler dated 12 October 1939. By that same order Defendant Hans Frank was named Governor General of the newly created Government General; and Defendant Seyss-Inquart was named Deputy Governor General. This order is set forth in _Reichsgesetzblatt_, 1939, Part I, Page 2077; and we ask the Tribunal also to take judicial notice of it.

The plans with respect to Poland were rather complicated; and I believe that the significance of specific items of proof may be more readily apparent if, in advance of the introduction of the documents, I am permitted briefly to indicate the broad pattern of these plans.

We submit that the documents we are about to introduce on Poland show the following:

First: The conspirators specifically planned to exploit the people and material resources of the Government General of Poland in order to strengthen the Nazi war machine, to impoverish the Government General, and to reduce it to a vassal state. At a later stage plans were formulated for creating islands of German settlements in the more fertile regions of the Government General in order to engulf the native Polish population and accelerate the process of Germanization.

Second: The incorporated area of Poland, which was deemed to be a part of the German Reich, was to be ruthlessly germanized. To that end, the conspirators planned:

(a) To permit the retention of the productive facilities in the incorporated area, all of which, of course, would be dedicated to the Nazi war machine.

(b) They planned to deport to the Government General many hundreds of thousands of Jews, members of the Polish intelligentsia, and other non-compliant elements. We shall show that the Jews who were deported to the Government General were doomed to speedy annihilation. Moreover, since the conspirators felt that members of the Polish intelligentsia could not be germanized and might serve as a center of resistance against their New Order, they too were to be eliminated.

(c) They planned to deport all able-bodied Polish workers to Germany for work in the Nazi war machine. This served the twofold purpose of helping to satisfy the labor requirements of the Nazi war machine and preventing the propagation of a new generation of Poles. Mr. Dodd has already produced abundant proof on this topic, and I shall do no more than refer to it.

(d) They planned to mould all persons in the incorporated area who were deemed to possess German blood into German subjects who would religiously adhere to the principles of National Socialism. To that end the conspirators set up an elaborate racial register. Those who resisted or refused to co-operate in this program were sent to concentration camps.

(e) They planned to bring thousands of German subjects into the incorporated area for purposes of settlement.

(f) And finally, they planned to confiscate the property—particularly the farms—of the Poles, the Jews, and all dissident elements. The confiscation of the property of Jews was part of the conspirators’ larger program of extermination of the Jews. Confiscation likewise served three additional purposes: (1) It provided land for the new German settlers and enabled the conspirators to reward their adherents; (2) dispossessed Polish property owners could be shipped to Germany for work in the production of implements of war; and (3) the separation of Polish farmers from their wives furthered the plan to prevent the growth of a new generation of Poles.

We turn now to the specific items of proof.

I first offer in evidence Document Number EC-344 (16), which is Exhibit Number USA-297. This document is a report of an interview with Defendant Frank on 3 October 1939 and was found among the files of the OKW, which were assembled in bulk at the Fechenheim document center. This particular document was included in a large report prepared in the OKW by one Captain Varain at the direction of General Thomas, then chief of the military economic staff of the OKW. I quote from the first 19 lines of Page 3 of the English text. The German text appears on Page 29, lines 25-36, and Page 30, lines 1-6. The report states, and I quote:

“In the first interview which the chief of the Central Division
and the liaison officer between the Armament Department Upper
East and the Chief Administrative Officer (subsequently Governor
General) had with Reich Minister Frank on 3 October 1939 in
Posen, Frank explained the instruction which had been entrusted
to him by the Führer and the economic political directives
according to which he intended to administer Poland. According
to these directives, Poland could be administered only by
utilizing the country by means of ruthless exploitation; removal
of all supplies—raw materials, machines, factory installations,
_et cetera_—which are important for the German war economy;
availability of all workers for work within Germany; reduction
of the entire Polish economy to the absolute minimum necessary
for the bare existence of the population; closing of all
institutions, especially technical schools and colleges in order
to prevent the growth of a new Polish intelligentsia.
Poland”—Defendant Frank stated—and this is an exact
quotation—“Poland shall be treated as a colony; the Poles shall
be the slaves of the Greater German World Empire.”

I should like also to quote from the last six lines of the English text of this Exhibit. In the German text it is lines 18 to 23 of Page 30. Defendant Frank further stated, and I quote:

“By destroying Polish industry its subsequent reconstruction
after the war would become more difficult, if not impossible, so
that Poland would be reduced to its proper position as an
agrarian country which would have to depend upon Germany for
importation of industrial products.”

As further proof of the defendant’s plan to plunder and despoil the Government General of Poland, I next offer in evidence Document Number EC-410, which is Exhibit Number USA-298. In addition to the proof of the defendant’s plans to plunder and despoil the Government General, this document demonstrates the difference in treatment which the conspirators planned for the incorporated area of Poland and the Government General. It is a copy of a directive issued and signed by Defendant Göring on 19 October 1939 and was likewise found among the captured OKW files. I quote from lines 1 to 19 on Page 1 of the English text. In the German text it is all of Page 1 and the first line of Page 2. Defendant Göring’s directive states, and I quote:

“In the meeting of October 13th I have given detailed
instructions for the economical administration of the occupied
territories. I will repeat them here in short:

“1. The task for the economic treatment of the various
administrative regions is different, depending on whether a
country which will be incorporated politically into the German
Reich is involved or whether we deal with the Government
General, which in all probability, will not be made a part of
Germany,

“In the first-mentioned territories the reconstruction and
expansion of the economy, the safeguarding of all their
production facilities and supplies must be aimed at, as well as
a complete incorporation into the Greater German economic system
at the earliest possible time. On the other hand, there must be
removed from the territories of the Government General all raw
materials, scrap materials, machines, _et cetera_ which are of
use for the German war economy. Enterprises which are not
absolutely necessary for the meager maintenance of the naked
existence of the population must be transferred to Germany,
unless such transfer would require an unreasonably long period
of time and would make it more practical to exploit those
enterprises by giving them German orders to be executed at their
present location.”

Once the Government General had been stripped of its industrial potential, the defendants planned to leave the country desolate. Not even the war damage was to be repaired. This is the clear import of the documents previously introduced and is likewise made clear by Document Number EC-411, which is Exhibit Number USA-299. I offer this document in evidence. This document is a copy of an order dated 20 November 1939, by Defendant Hess, in his capacity as Deputy Führer. This document was also found in the captured OKW files. I quote the English and German texts in their entirety. Defendant Hess stated, and I quote:

“I hear from Party members who came from the Government General
that various agencies, as for instance, the Military Economic
Staff, the Reich Ministry for Labor, _et cetera_, intend to
reconstruct certain industrial enterprises in Warsaw. However,
in accordance with a decision by Minister Dr. Frank approved by
the Führer, Warsaw shall not be rebuilt nor is it the intention
of the Führer to rebuild or reconstruct any industry in the
Government General.”

Turning from the defendants’ program of economic spoliation in the Government General to their program of deportation and resettlement, I next offer in evidence Document Number 661-PS, which is Exhibit Number USA-300. This is a secret report, prepared by the Academy of German Law in January 1940, upon plans for the mass migration of Poles and Jews from incorporated areas of Poland to the Government General and for the forcible deportation of able-bodied Poles to Germany. This document was obtained from the ministerial collecting center at Kassel, Germany. The date does not appear in the English translation, but it is clearly set forth on the cover page of the original document as January 1940. Before quoting from this document, I ask first that the Tribunal take judicial notice of the decree of 11 July 1934, embodied in the _Reichsgesetzblatt_, Part I, Page 605, 11 July 1934, which provided that the Academy of German Law would be a public corporation of the Reich under the supervision of the Reich Ministers of Justice and the Interior, and that its task would be:

“To promote the reconstruction of German legal life and to
realize, in constant close collaboration with the competent
legislative organizations, the National Socialist program in the
entire sphere of the law.”

Second, before quoting from the afore-mentioned report of the Academy of German Law, I should like to offer in evidence Document Number 2749-PS, which is Exhibit Number USA-301. This is the title page of the publication of the Academy of German Law for 1940. It is offered for the purpose of showing that defendant Frank was the President of the Academy of German Law during the period that the above-mentioned secret report of the Academy was made. The document specifically states, and I quote:

“Reich Minister Dr. Hans Frank, President of the Academy for
German Law, 7th year 1940.”

Now, if I may ask Your Honors to turn to Document Number 661-PS, I should first like to quote Page 1, lines 6 to 24, of the English text. In the German text these extracts appear at Page 6, lines 6 to 10; and line 22, Page 6, to line 4, Page 7. I quote:

“In the carrying out of costly and long-term measures for the
increase of agricultural production, the Government General can,
at the most, absorb 1 to 1.5 million resettlers, as it is
already over-populated in many cases. . . . By further
absorption of 1.6 million resettlers the 1925 Reich census
figure of 133 inhabitants per square kilometer would be reached,
which practically, because of already existing rural
over-population and lack of industry, would result in a double
over-pressure.

“This figure of 1.6 million will barely suffice for deportations
from the Reich:

“The Jews from the liberated East (over 600,000); groups of the
remaining Jews, preferably the younger age groups from Germany
proper, Austria, Sudetengau and the Protectorate (altogether
over 1 million).”

Continuing the quotation, the report goes on with respect to transfers from the Reich, and I continue to quote:

“The Polish intelligentsia, who have been branded as
politicians, and potential political leaders; the leading
economic personalities, comprising owners of large estates,
industrialists and businessmen, _et cetera_; the peasant
population, so far as it has to be removed in order to carry
out, by strips of German settlements, the encirclement of Polish
territories in the East.”

Next I quote the last paragraph on Page 1 of the English text. The German text is at Page 8, lines 3-10:

“In order to relieve the living space of the Poles in the
Government General as well as in the liberated East, one should
temporarily remove cheap labor by the hundreds of thousands,
employ them for a few years in the Old Reich, and thereby hamper
their native biological propagation. (Their assimilation into
the Old Reich must be prevented.)”

Finally, I quote from the last paragraph of Page 2 of the English text. In the German text it is the last 5 lines on Page 40:

“Strictest care is to be taken that secret documents, memoranda,
and official correspondence which contain instructions
detrimental to the Poles are kept steadily under lock and key,
so that they will not some day fill the White Books printed in
Paris or the U.S.A.”

Your Honors will recall, from your own experiences, the vicious propaganda campaigns conducted by Nazi Germany to discredit the Polish books when they made their appearance in countries friendly to Poland. The last paragraph of this document which I have just read gives the lie to that whole Nazi propaganda campaign.

The plans for the deportation of thousands of innocent people, which are set forth in the document from which I have just quoted, were not mere theories spun by lawyers. They represented, as the next three documents to be offered in evidence will show, a program which was, in fact, ruthlessly executed.

I next offer in evidence Document Number 2233(g)-PS, the Frank diaries, 1939, from 25 October to 15 December, which is Exhibit Number USA-302. This document was obtained from the 7th Army document center at Heidelberg. I quote from the last paragraph of Page 1, carrying over to the first two lines of Page 2 of the English text. In the German text the statements appear at Page 19, lines 19 to 28. Defendant Frank stated, and I quote:

“The Reichsführer SS”—meaning Himmler—“wishes that all Jews be
evacuated from the newly gained Reich territories. Up to
February approximately 1 million people are to be brought in
this way into the Government General. The families of good
racial extraction present in the occupied Polish territory
(approximately 4 million people) should be transferred into the
Reich and individually housed, thereby being uprooted as a
people.”

I next offer in evidence Document Number EC-305, which is Exhibit Number USA-303. This exhibit is the top-secret minutes of a meeting held on 12 February 1940, under the chairmanship of Defendant Göring, on “Questions Concerning the East.” The document was found in the captured OKW files. Himmler and Defendant Frank likewise were present at this meeting.

I initially quote from Page 1, lines 15 to 17, of the English text. These extracts are found in the front page, lines 1 to 8, of the German text. The minutes state, and I quote:

“By way of introduction the General Field Marshal”—meaning
Defendant Göring—“explained that the strengthening of the war
potential of the Reich must be the chief aim of all measures to
be taken in the East.”

I next quote the first two lines of the last paragraph on Page 1 of the English text. The German text appears at Page 2, lines 2 to 4.

“Agriculture: The task consists of obtaining the greatest
possible agricultural production from the new eastern Gaue,
disregarding questions of ownership.”

I next quote from the second paragraph of Page 2 of the English text. This is at Page 3, lines 22-24, of the German text:

“Special questions concerning the Government General. . . . The
Government General will have to receive the Jews who are ordered
to emigrate from Germany and the new eastern Gaue.”

Finally, I quote the paragraph numbered 2 under Roman numeral II of Page 2 of the English text. These statements appear in the German text at Page 4, lines 3-19:

“The following reported on the situation in the Eastern
territories. . . .

“2. Reichsstatthalter Gauleiter Forster”—who said—“‘The
population of the Danzig-West Prussia Gau (newly acquired
territories) is 1.5 million, of whom 240,000 are Germans,
850,000 well-established Poles, and 300,000 immigrant Poles,
Jews, and asocials (1,800 Jews). There have been evacuated
87,000 persons, 40,000 of these from Gdynia. From there also the
numerous shirkers, who are now looked after by welfare, will
have to be deported to the Government General. Therefore an
evacuation of 20,000 additional persons can be counted on for
the current year.’”

Comparable reports were made by other Gauleiter at the meeting. The figures that were quoted, it may be noted, were only as of February 1940. The forcible deportations, which are reported in the exhibits from which I have just read, did not involve merely ordering the unfortunate victims to leave their homes and to take up new residences elsewhere. These deportations were accomplished according to plan in an utterly brutal and inhuman manner. Document Number 1918-PS, which is Exhibit Number USA-304, affords striking proof of this fact; and I offer it in evidence. This is a speech delivered by Himmler to officers of the SS on a day commemorating the presentation of the Nazi flag. It is contained in a compilation of speeches delivered by Himmler, and was captured by the Counter-Intelligence branch of the United States Army. The exact date of the speech does not appear in the exhibit, but its contents plainly show that it was delivered sometime after Poland had been overrun. I quote from the second to the eighth lines of Page 1 of the English text. In the German text this quotation appears on Page 52, lines 2 to 10. In this speech Himmler said, and I quote:

“Very frequently the member of the Waffen-SS thinks about the
deportation of these people here. These thoughts came to me
today when watching the very difficult work out there performed
by the Security Police, supported by your men, who help them a
great deal. Exactly the same thing happened in Poland in weather
40 degrees below zero, where we had to haul away thousands, ten
thousands, a hundred thousand; where we had to have the
toughness—you should hear this but also forget it again—to
shoot thousands of leading Poles.”

I repeat the latter statement:

“Where we had to have the toughness . . . to shoot thousands of
leading Poles.”

Such Poles from the incorporated area as managed to survive the journey to the Government General could look forward, at best, to extreme hardship and exposure to every form of degradation and brutality. Your Honors will recall Defendant Frank’s statement contained in Document Number EC-344(16), now Exhibit Number USA-297, which was introduced a short while ago, that the Polish economy would be reduced to the absolute minimum necessary for the bare existence of the population.

Your Honors Will also recall Defendant Göring’s directive in Document Number EC-410, now Exhibit Number USA-298, also introduced a few moments ago, that all industrial enterprises in the Government General not absolutely necessary for the maintenance of the naked existence of the Polish population must be removed to Germany. A bare and naked existence, by the precepts of the conspirators, meant virtual starvation.

For the Jews who were forcibly deported to the Government General there was, of course, absolutely no hope. They were, in effect, deported to their graves. The Defendant Frank, by his own admissions, had dedicated himself to their complete annihilation. I refer Your Honors to the Frank diaries, conference volume, 1941, October to December, which is Document Number 2233(d)-PS, which was introduced by Major Walsh earlier as Exhibit Number USA-281. The particular statement that I want to quote appears on Page 4, Your Honor, of Document Number 2233-PS. I believe it appears at Page 77, lines 9 and 10 of the German text. I quote—this is what Defendant Frank stated, “We must annihilate the Jews, wherever we find them, and wherever it is possible. . . .”

I turn next to that aspect of the conspirators’ program which involved the forcible Germanization of persons in the incorporated area who were deemed to possess German blood. I refer you now, Your Honors, to the incorporated area, to persons who were deemed to possess German blood. Such persons, the evidence will show, were given the choice of the concentration camp or submission to Germanization. Himmler was the chief executioner of this program; and initially I should like to introduce a few documents which disclose the powers bestowed upon him and his conception of his task.

First, I offer in evidence Document Number 686-PS. This is Exhibit Number USA-305. This is a copy of a secret decree signed by Hitler and Defendants Göring and Keitel, dated 7 October 1939, entrusting Himmler with the task of executing the conspirators’ Germanization program. This particular document came from the ministerial collection center at Kassel, Germany. I quote from Page 1, lines 9 to 21 of the English text. In the German text these extracts appear at Page 1, lines 13 to 25:

“The Reichsführer SS”—that was Himmler—“has the obligation in
accordance, with my directives:

“1. To bring back for final return into the Reich all German
nationals and racial Germans in the foreign countries.

“2. To eliminate the harmful influence of such alien parts of
the population which represent a danger to the Reich and the
German folk community.

“3. The forming of new German settlements by resettling and, in
particular, by settling the returning German citizens and racial
Germans from abroad.

“The Reichsführer SS is authorized to take all necessary general
and administrative measures for the execution of his
obligation.”

Himmler’s conception of his task under this decree is plainly stated in the foreword which he wrote for the _Deutsche Arbeit_ issue of June-July 1942. The foreword is contained in Document Number 2915-PS, now Exhibit Number USA-306. I quote from the first four lines of the English text. The German text appears at Page 157:

“It is our task”—Himmler wrote—“to germanize the East, not in
the old sense—that is, to teach the people there the German
language and German law—but to see to it that only people of
purely German, Germanic blood live in the East. Signed,
Himmler.”

I next offer in evidence Document Number 2916-PS, which is Exhibit Number USA-307. This document contains various materials taken out of _Der Menscheneinsatz_ of 1940, a confidential publication issued by Himmler’s office for the consolidation of German nationhood. I quote initially from Page 1, lines 7 to 11. In the German text these extracts appear at Page 51, first four lines under the letter “D.” I quote:

“The removal of foreign races from the incorporated Eastern
Territories is one of the most essential goals to be
accomplished in the German East. This is the chief national
political task, which has to be executed in the incorporated
Eastern Territories by the Reichsführer SS, Reich Commissioner
for the Preservation of German Nationality.”

I next quote from lines 33 to 39 of Page 1 of the English text. In the German text these extracts appear on Page 52, lines 14 to 20. I quote:

“There are the following two primary reasons which make the
regaining of this lost German blood an urgent necessity:

“1. Prevention of a further increase of the Polish
intelligentsia through families of German descent, even if they
are Polonized.

“2. Increase of the population by racial elements desirable for
the German nation and the acquisition of ethno-biologically
unobjectionable forces for the German reconstruction of
agriculture and industry.”

Further light is thrown upon the goals which the conspirators had set for their Germanization program in conquered Eastern areas by a speech delivered by Himmler on 14 October 1943. This speech was published by the National Socialist leadership staff of the OKW. The document came to us through the Document Section, 3rd U.S. Infantry Division. Excerpts from this speech are set forth in L-70, which is Exhibit Number USA-308. I quote all of the English text; and in the German text these excerpts appear at Page 23, lines 6 to 11, 12 to 15, 20 to 23, and Page 30, lines 7 to 16. Himmler said, and I quote:

“Therefore, I consider that in dealing with members of a foreign
country, especially some Slav nationality, we must not start
from German points of view, we must not endow these people with
decent German thoughts and logical conclusions of which they are
not capable, but we must take them as they really are.

“Obviously in such a mixture of peoples there will always be
some racially good types. Therefore I think that it is our duty
to take their children with us, to remove them from their
environment, if necessary, by robbing or stealing them. Either
we win over the good blood that we can use for ourselves and
give it a place in our people or . . . we destroy that blood.”

Continuing the German text on Page 30, lines 7 to 16, which is a continuation of the English text, I believe, Your Honor—Himmler stated and I quote:

“For us the end of this war will mean an open road to the East,
the creation of the Germanic Reich in this way or that . . . the
fetching home of 30 million human beings of our blood, so that
still during our lifetime we shall be a people of 120 million
Germanic souls. That means that we shall be the sole and
decisive power in Europe. That means that we shall then be able
to tackle the peace, during which we shall be willing for the
first 20 years to rebuild and spread out our villages and towns,
and that we shall push the borders of our German race 500
kilometers farther to the East.”

In furtherance of the unlawful plans disclosed by the last four exhibits, which have been offered in evidence, the conspirators contrived a racial register in the incorporated area of Poland. The racial register was, in effect, an elaborate classification of persons deemed to be of German blood, and contained provisions setting forth some of the rights, privileges, and duties of the persons in each classification. Persons were classified into four groups:

(1) Germans who had actively promoted the Nazi cause;

(2) Germans who had been more or less passive in the Nazi struggle, but had retained their German nationality;

(3) Persons of German extraction who, although previously connected with the Polish nation, were willing to submit to Germanization;

(4) Persons of German descent, who had been “politically absorbed by the Polish nation,” and who would be resistant to Germanization.

The racial register was inaugurated under a decree of 12 September 1940 issued by Himmler as Reich Commissioner for the consolidation of German nationhood, and this is contained in Document Number 2916-PS, previously introduced in evidence. That is Exhibit Number USA-307. I quote from Page 4 of the English text, lines 14 to 46. In the German text these extracts appear at Page 92, lines 29 to the end of the page, and lines 1 to 9 of Page 93. I quote:

“For inter-office use the list of racial Germans will be divided
into four groups:

“1. Racial Germans who fought actively in the ethnic struggle.
Besides the membership of a German organization, every other
deliberated activity in favor of the Germans against a foreign
nationality will be considered an active manifestation.

“2. Racial Germans who did not actively intervene in favor of
the German nationality but had preserved their traceable German
nationality.

“3. Persons of German descent who became connected with the
Polish nation in the course of the years but have, on account of
their attitude, the pre-requisites to become full-fledged
members of the German national community. To this group belong
also persons of non-German descent who live in a people’s mixed
marriage with an ethnic German in which the German spouse has
prevailed. Persons of Masurian, Kushubian, Slonzak, or Upper
Silesian descent, who are to be recognized as racial Germans
usually belong to this group 3.

“4. Persons of German descent politically absorbed by the Polish
nation (renegades). Persons not included on the list of radial
Germans are Poles or other foreign nationals. Their treatment is
regulated by B II. . . .

“Members of groups 3 and 4 have to be educated as full Germans,
that is, they have to be re-germanized in the course of time
through an intensive educational training in Old Germany.

“The establishment of members of group 4 has to be based on the
doctrine that German blood must not be utilized in the interest
of a foreign nation. Against those who refuse re-Germanization,
Security Police measures are to be taken. . . .”

The basic idea of creating a racial register for persons of German extraction was later incorporated in a decree of 4 March 1941 signed by Himmler and the Defendants Frick and Hess. This decree is dated 4 March 1941; and is set forth in the _Reichsgesetzblatt_, 1941, Part 1, Page 118. We ask the Tribunal to take judicial notice thereof.

The entire apparatus of the SS was thrown behind the vigorous execution of these decrees. Proof of this fact is contained in Document Number R-112, which is Exhibit Number USA-309, and I now offer it in evidence. This exhibit contains directives issued by Himmler as the Reich Commissioner for the consolidation of German nationhood. I quote first from the last two paragraphs of the English text of the directives, 16 February 1942, which is on Page 3 of this exhibit. In the German text this provision appears on Page 1 of the first decree, dated 16 February 1942, Paragraph 1 and 2. The directive provided, and I now quote:

“I. Where racial Germans have not applied for entry in the
German ethnical list you will instruct the subordinate agencies
to turn over their names to the local State Police (superior)
Office. Subsequently, you will report to me.

“II. The local State Police (superior) Office will charge the
persons whose names are turned over to it to prove within 8 days
that they have applied for entry in the German ethnical list.

“If such proof is not submitted, the person in question is to be
taken into protective custody for transfer to a concentration
camp.”

The measures taken against persons in the fourth category—“Polonized Germans” as the conspirators called them—were particularly harsh. These persons were resistant to Germanization, and ruthless measures calculated to break their resistance were prescribed. Where the individual’s past history indicated that he could not be effectively germanized, he was thrown into a concentration camp.

Some of these measures are set forth in Subparagraph A of Paragraph II on Page 5 of Document R-112, and I quote in full from the English text of that particular paragraph. This passage is set forth in the German text at Pages 2 and 3 of the second decree dated 16 February 1942 under II. This is what the directive provides:

“II. The re-Germanization of the Polonized Germans presupposes
their complete separation from Polish surroundings. For that
reason the persons entered in Division 4 of the German ethnical
list are to be dealt with in the following manner:

“A. They are to be resettled in Old Reich territory.

“1. The Higher SS and Police Leaders are charged with evacuating
and resettling them in Old Reich territory according to
instructions which will follow later.

“2. Asocial persons and others who are of inferior hereditary
quality will not be included in the resettlement. Their names
will be turned over at once by the Higher SS and Police Leaders
(Inspectors of Security Police and Security Service) to the
competent State Police (superior) Office. The latter will
arrange for their transfer to a concentration camp.

“3. Persons with a particularly bad political record will not be
included in the resettlement action. Their names will also be
given by the Higher SS and Police Leaders (Inspectors of
Security Police and Security Service) to the competent State
Police (superior) Office for transfer to a concentration camp.

“The wives and children of such persons are to be resettled in
Old Reich territory and to be included in the Germanization
measures. Where the wife also has a particularly bad political
record and cannot be included in the resettlement action, her
name, too, is to be turned over to the competent State Police
(superior) Office with a view to transferring her to a
concentration camp. In such cases the children are to be
separated from their parents and dealt with according to III,
Paragraph 2 of this decree.

“Persons are to be considered as having a particularly bad
political record who have offended the German nation to a very
great degree (for example, those who participated in
persecutions of Germans, or boycotts of Germans, _et cetera_.)”

Coincident with the program of germanizing persons of German extraction in the incorporated areas, the conspirators, as previously indicated, undertook to settle large numbers of Germans of proven Nazi convictions in that area. This aspect of their program is clearly shown by an article by SS Obergruppenführer and General of the Police Wilhelm Koppe, who was one of Himmler’s trusted agents.

Excerpts from this article are contained in Document Number 2915-PS, which was earlier introduced as Exhibit Number USA-306. I quote from the second paragraph of the English text of this exhibit. The German text appears at the third line from the bottom of Page 170 and continues to the first full paragraph of Page 171. I now quote Koppe’s statement:

“The victory of German weapons in the East must, therefore, be
followed by the victory of the German race over the Polish race,
if the regained Eastern sphere—according to the Führer’s
will—shall henceforth remain for all time an essential
constituent part of the Greater German Reich. It is therefore of
decisive importance to infiltrate German farmers, laborers,
civil servants, merchants, and artisans into the regained German
region so that a living and deep-rooted bastion of German people
can be formed as a protective wall against foreign penetration
and possibly as a starting point for the racial infusion of the
territories farther east.”

THE PRESIDENT: We will adjourn now for 10 minutes.

[_A recess was taken._]

CAPT. HARRIS: Up to this point we have been speaking of the Germanization measures in the incorporated areas. I should like now briefly to turn to the Germanization program in the Government General.

In the Government General there were relatively few persons, at the outset, who qualified as Germans according to the conspirators’ standards. Hence little would be served by the introduction of a racial register categorizing persons of German extraction on the model of the one instituted in the incorporated area; and to our knowledge, no such racial register was prescribed in the Government General. Rather, the plan seems to have been (a) to make the Government General a colony of Germany, which—as Your Honors will recall from Document EC-344(16), which has been introduced as Exhibit Number USA-297—was the objective expressed by the Defendant Frank; and (b) to create so-called “German island settlements” in the productive farming areas. These island settlements were to be created by an influx of German persons who faithfully adhered to the principles of National Socialism.

In this connection I offer in evidence Document Number 910-PS. This is Exhibit Number USA-310. These are secret notes bearing the date line, “Department of the Interior, Kraków, 30 March 1942,” and they concerned Himmler’s statements upon the planned Germanization of the Government General. This document was obtained from the 3rd Army intelligence center at Freising, Germany; and I now quote from Page 2 of the English text, from line 3 to the end of the report. This appears in the German text at Page 2, line 21, continuing to the end of the report. The document states, and I quote: