Chapter M: F. Capitaine, who, acting upon a suggestion made by Liebig, some twenty (8)

It is often very difficult to render vegetable infusions and decoctions perfectly transparent, a quality always expected in the concentrated preparations. Defecation by repose is always better than filtration, owing to the more or less viscidity of the suspended matter. When this is not sufficient, they may be clarified with white of egg (2 or 3 to the gall.), previously beaten up with 5 or 6 fl. oz. of water. Most of the vegetable infusions and decoctions will readily pass the filter, after a very small quantity of acetic, nitric, or sulphuric acid has been added to them. The most obstinate may be rendered 'brilliant,' or 'candle bright,' as the 'cellarmen' call it, by shaking them up, first with about a drachm of dilute sulphuric acid, and afterwards with the whites of 3 or 4 eggs, previously mixed with a few ounces of water, for each gallon of the liquid. This plan is, however, objectionable for many medicinal preparations.

As many infusions which are occasionally employed in medicine must necessarily escape being separately noticed in this work, it may be as well to remark that the infusions of all vegetables that do not exert a very powerful action on the human frame as ordinary herbs and roots may be made by pouring 1 pint of boiling water on 1 oz. of the vegetable matter, and allowing it to macerate for 1/2 an hour to an hour. The decoctions of the same vegetables may be made by simply boiling the above ingredients, in the same proportions, for 10 or 15 minutes, instead of operating by mere infusion. With substances of somewhat greater activity, only half the above quantity should be taken; whilst, with the narcotic plants and those possessing great activity, 1 to 2 dr. to water, 1 pint, will be the proper quantity. The ordinary dose of such infusions and decoctions is 1/2 to 1 wine-glassful (1 to 2 fl. oz.), two, three, or four times a day, as the case may indicate.

Infusion is preferred for all bodies of a delicate texture, which readily yield their active principles to water; and especially when these are either volatile or liable to be injured by the heat of ebullition.

The simple infusions are now less frequently made by the druggist than formerly. In most cases he merely furnishes the ingredients, and the infusions are prepared by either the nurse or patient, by whom they are commonly called 'TEAS,'

[asterism] The following list embraces most of the infusions used in prescribing or noticed in books. Where the proportions of the ingredients are not given, 1 oz. of the medicinal substance and 1 pint of boiling water are to be taken, and the dose is that referred to above.

=Infusion of Agrim'ony.= _Syn._ AGRIMONY TEA; INFUSUM AGRIMONII, L. From the fresh tops before the flowers are formed. Vermifuge.--_Dose._ A teacupful 3 or 4 times a day; also used as an astringent gargle and lotion. For internal use, an equal weight of liquorice root (sliced) is commonly added.

=Infusion of Al'kaline.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ALKALINUM, L. _Prep._ (Beasley.) Hickory ash, 1 pint; wood soot, 1/4 pint; boiling water, 1 gall.; in 24 hours decant the clear. "A popular remedy in America for dyspepsia with acidity."

=Infusion of Alkaline.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ALKALINUM. _Prep._ Hickory ash, 1 lb.; wood soot, 1/4 lb.; boiling water, 1/2 gall. Let them stand 24 hours, and decant. A wine-glassful three or four times a day. This is simply another form of the previous preparation.

=Infusion of Al'oes.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ALOËS, D. _Prep._ 1. From hepatic or Socotrine aloes (in powder), 2 dr.; carbonate of potassa, 1-1/2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM ALOËS COMPOSITUM, L.)--_a._ As the COMPOUND DECOCTION OF A. (Ph. L.), but using only a pint of boiling water.

_b._ (Fothergill.) Calumba and rhubarb, of each, 1 oz.; aloes, 2 dr.; lime water, 16 fl. oz.; spirit of horseradish, 1 fl. oz.; macerate in the cold for 12 hours, and strain. The last three, like the decoction, are aperient, antacid, stomachic, tonic, and emmenagogue.--_Dose_, 1 tablespoonful to a small wine-glassful, in water. The last one is an admirable medicine in dyspepsia, loss of appetite, and troublesome constipation.

=Infusion of Amer'ican Calum'ba.= _Syn._ INFUSUM FRASERÆ, L. From the dried root of American calumba (_Frasera Carolinensis_). A pure, powerful, and excellent bitter, destitute of aroma, and fully equal to gentian. (Lindley.)

=Infusion of Amer'ican Cen'taury.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SABATII, L. From the herb (_Sabbatia angularis_). A pure bitter tonic, without astringency or aroma.

=Infusion of Amer'ican Sen'na.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CASSIÆ MARYLANDICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Martin.) Leaves of American or wild senna (_Cassia Marylandica_), 1-1/2 oz.; coriander seed, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. Purgative.

=Infusion of Angel'ica.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ANGELICÆ, L. From the root of garden angelica. A warm stomachic and diaphoretic; and, in large doses, aperient. It is a popular remedy in dyspepsia, flatulent colic, and heartburn.

=Infusion of Aniseed.= _Syn._ ANISEED TEA; INFUSUM ANISI, L. Carminative; an excellent adjunct to purgatives, to prevent griping; given to infants to relieve colic, &c. Dr Prout recommends the use of water at 120° or 125° Fahr.

=Infusion, Antiscorbu'tic.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ANTISCORBUTICUM, MISTURA ANTISCORBUTICA, L. _Prep._ Water trefoil (_Menyanthes trifoliata_), 1 oz.; orange peel, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 quart; infuse for 8 or 10 hours, strain, and add of compound spirit of horseradish, 5 fl. oz. In scurvy.

=Infusion of Ar'nica.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ARNICÆ, L. 1. From the flowers of mountain arnica or German leopard's bane (_Arnica montana_). Cottereau orders 1 oz., Dr Pereira 1/2 oz., and Dr A. T. Thomson, 1/4 oz. of the flowers to the pint. The first is the usual quantity. The dose of the first is a tablespoonful; of the second, 1/2 to 1 fl. oz.; of third, 1/2 to 1 wine-glassful.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM ARNICÆ COMPOSITUM, L.--Ph. Copenh.) Flowers of arnica, 1 dr.; peppermint, 2 dr.; chamomiles, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1/2 pint.--_Dose_, 1 fl. oz. As the last.

=Infusion of Arnica-root.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ARNICSÆ RADICIS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Castr. Ruth.) Arnica root, 40 gr.; water, 1 lb.--_Dose_, 1 fl. oz. As the above.

=Infusion, Astrin'gent.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ASTRINGENS, MISTURA A., L. _Prep._ 1. From oak-bark.

2. Infusion of cusparia, 17 fl. oz.; tincture of catechu or kino, 1 fl. oz.; powdered ipecacuanha, 1 dr.; powdered opium, 12 gr.; mix. In diarrh[oe]a, &c. It must be well shaken before pouring out the dose.

=Infusion of Balm.= _Syn._ INFUSUM MELISSÆ, L. _Prep._ (Plenck.) Fresh herb, 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for fifteen minutes.

=Infusion of Aya-pana, Compound= (Dr Camera). _Syn._ INFUSUM AYÆ-PANÆ COMPOSITUM. _Prep._ Leaves of Brazilian aya-pana, 2 dr.; aniseed, 1 dr.; boiling water, 2 pints.

=Infusion of Bar'berry.= _Syn._ INFUSUM BARBERIS, L. _Prep._ (Dr Copland.) From the bark of the barberry shrub (_Berberis vulgaris_). In jaundice, biliary fluxes, and other cases where heat and acrimony prevail; either alone or combined with a little carbonate of soda or potassa, and tincture of calumba.

=Infusion of Bark.= See INFUSION OF CINCHONA.

=Infusion of Bay-leaves.= _Syn._ INFUSUM LAURI, I. LAURI NOBILIS, L. From the leaves or the berries of the sweet bay (_Laurus nobilis_). Aromatic, stimulant, and emmenagogue; in very large doses, emetic and poisonous. It is chiefly given in colic, flatulence, paralysis of the extremities, and obstructed menstruation.

=Infusion of Bearberry= (B. P.) _Syn._ INFUSUM UVÆ URSI. _Prep._ Infuse bearberry leaves, bruised, 1/2 oz.; in boiling distilled water, 10 oz.; in a covered vessel for 2 hours, and strain.

=Infusion of Beef.= See ESSENCE, TEA, &c.

=Infusion of Belladon'na.= _Syn._ INFUSUM BELLADONNÆ. L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Paris.) Leaves of deadly nightshade (dried), 4 gr.; boiling water, 2 fl. oz.; for a dose.

2. (Compound;--Dr Saunders.) Leaves (dried), 1/2 dr.; boiling water, 12 fl. oz.; infuse, strain, and to every 7 fl. oz. of the infusion add of compound tincture of cardamoms, 1 fl. oz.

=Infusion of Bis'tort.= _Syn._ INFUSUM BISTORTÆ, L. _Prep._ (Radius.) Bistort or snake-weed root (_Poligonum Bistorta_), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 2 hours, and strain. In passive hæmorrhages.

=Infusion of Black Snake-root.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CIMICIFUGÆ RACEMOSÆ, L. In dropsy, rheumatism, and chest complaints.

=Infusion of Blessed Thistle.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CARDUI BENEDICTI, L. From the whole herb. In small doses it is diaphoretic; in larger ones, tonic, stomachic, and deobstruent; taken warm, it is occasionally given to promote the action of emetics. The properties of carduus benedictus "are such as to lead us to the belief that it has been superseded by other not more efficacious remedies." (Lindley.)

=Infusion of Blood-root.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF PUCCOON; INFUSUM SANGUINARIÆ, L. _Prep._ Blood-root (_Sanguinaria Canadensis_), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. Stimulant and emetic.

=Infusion of Blue Flag.= _Syn._ INFUSUM IRIDIS VERSICOLORIS, L. _Prep._ 1. From the flowers of blue flag (_Iris versicolor_).--2. From the root of rhizomes. The first is used chiefly for its rich colour, as a test, &c.; the second is diuretic and cathartic, and apt to produce distressing nausea and prostration.

=Infusion of Bone'set.= _Syn._ INFUSUM EUPATORII, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. U. S.) From the dried leaves and flowers of boneset or thorough-wort (_Eupatorium perfoliatum_). Diaphoretic, nauseant, and emetic when warm; tonic when cold.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM EUPATORII COMPOSITUM, L.--Ellis.) Boneset and sage, of each 1/2 oz.; cascarilla, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1-1/2 pint; infuse until cold, and strain. In hectic fever. A wine-glassful of either of the above, given hourly, in these diseases, until perspiration and nausea are induced, has been highly recommended in influenza.

=Infusion of Braz'il-wood.= _Syn._ INFUSUM LIGNI BRASILINSIS, L. From ground or rasped Brazil wood. When wanted to keep, rectified spirit, 3 fl. oz., is added to every pint. Used for colouring, and as a test.

=Infusion of Broom.= _Syn._ INFUSUM SCOPARII, L. See DECOCTION OF BROOM.

=Infusion of Bu'chu.= _Syn._ INFUSUM BUCHU (B. P.), I. BUCKU (Ph. E.), I. DIOSMÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) From bruised buchu leaves, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; infuse for an hour and strain. Diuretic, sudorific, tonic; in dyspepsia, &c.; but chiefly in chronic affections of the bladder and urethra attended with copious secretion.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM BUCHU COMPOSITUM, I. DIOSMÆ C., L.--(Radius.) Leaves of buchu and whortleberry, of each 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 8 oz. (say 1/2 pint); digest for half an hour, strain, and add of syrup of senega, 1/2 fl. oz.--_Dose_, 1 or 2 table-spoonfuls every hour; in atony of the bladder and mucous discharges.

=Infusion of Buck'bean.= _Syn._ INFUSUM MENYANTHIS, L. From the herb or root of buckbean or marsh trefoil (_Menyanthes trifoliata_). Bitter, stomachic, tonic, and diuretic; in large doses, purgative, vermifuge, and emetic. It has been recommended in agues, gout, dropsy, scurvy, worms, &c. The chief consumption of this plant is by the brewers; "2 oz. being equal to 1 lb. of hops." (Gray.)

=Infusion of Bur'dock.= _Syn._ INFUSUM BARDANÆ, L. From the root of common burdock. Aperient, diuretic, diaphoretic, and tonic; in gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, &c. See DECOCTION and EXTRACT.

=Infusion of Calum'ba.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CALUMBÆ (B. P.) L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Calumba, in coarse powder, 1 oz.; cold distilled water, 2 oz.; macerate one hour, and strain. Infusion of calumba is a good tonic and stomachic bitter.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 fl. oz.; in dyspepsia, &c., and for restraining vomiting and diarrh[oe]a during pregnancy or dentition. It is preferably joined with small doses of the carbonates of soda, potassa, ammonia, or magnesia, when there is acidity; or with chalybeates, when there is paleness and a low pulse; with all of which substances it may be mixed without suffering any sensible alteration.

2. (Concentrated; INFUSUM CALUMBÆ CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Calumba, in coarse powder, 5-1/2 oz.; cold distilled water, 12 fl. oz.; digest with frequent agitation, for 3 or 4 hours, then express the liquor, and repeat the digestion with 5-1/2 fl. oz. more of tepid water; after another hour, express this portion also, using as much force as possible; next mix the liquors, heat them quickly to the boiling-point in a shallow vessel, and pour the infusion, whilst still hot, into a strong bottle, and when it has cooled a little add of rectified spirit, 4 fl. oz., secure down the stopper or cork, and agitate well for a few minutes; the bottle must now be set aside for a week, after which the clear portion is to be decanted from the dregs. Very superior.

_b._ (Wholesale.) From calumba (reduced to coarse powder), 5-1/4 lbs.; rectified spirit, 5 pints; (diluted with) water, 12 pints; digest for a week, or precede by displacement. Should there be any difficulty in obtaining it free from cloudiness, the whites of 4 or 5 eggs, previously mixed with about a 1/4 pint of cold water, may be added to the infusion, which, after being well agitated for about ten minutes, must be allowed to repose for 7 or 8 days, and then decanted from the dregs. Should it not be perfectly transparent, it may be filtered through blotting paper.--_Product_, 20 lbs.

_Obs._ The concentrated infusion produced by the above formulæ is of very superior quality, and has acquired an extensive sale in the wholesale trade. 1 part added to 5-1/4 parts of water makes a perfectly transparent liquid, possessing exactly similar virtues to the INFUSION OF CALUMBA--B. P.

=Infusion of Canthar'ides.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF SPANISH FLIES; INFUSUM CANTHARIDIS, I. LYTTÆ, L. _Prep._ (Soubeiran.) Spanish flies (powdered) 20 gr.; boiling water, q. s. (about 3-1/2 fl. oz.) to yield 3 fl. oz., after expression and filtration.

=Infusion of Cap'sicum.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CAPSICI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Pereira.) Capsicum (powdered), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint.--_Dose_, 1/2 fl. oz.

2. (Stephen's 'PEPPER MEDICINE'--Pereira.) Red pepper (_Capsicum fructescens_), 2 table-spoonfuls (or 3 of cayenne pepper); common salt, 2 teaspoonfuls; boiling water, 1/2 pint; to the strained liquor, when cold, add of very sharp vinegar, 1/2 pint.--_Dose_, 1 table-spoonful, slowly swallowed, every half hour, in cholera, malignant sore throat, scarlatina, &c.

=Infusion of Car'away.= _Syn._ CARAWAY TEA; INFUSUM CARUI, L. _Prep._ From bruised caraway seed, 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. In the flatulent colic of infants, and as an adjunct to aperient medicine.

=Infusion of Car'rot Seed.= _Syn._ INFUSUM DAUCI, I. CAROTÆ, L. Diuretic; in dropsy and nephritic complaints; 1/2 to 1 pint being taken daily.

=Infusion of Cascaril'la.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CASCARILLÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cascarilla, in coarse powder, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse for one hour in a closed vessel and strain.--_Dose._ 1 to 2 oz., usually combined with carbonate of soda and tincture of cascarilla. It is an excellent medicine in dyspepsia, debility, diarrh[oe]a, &c.

2. (Concentrated; INFUSUM CASCARILLÆ CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Cascarilla (good and fragrant, bruised), 6-1/2 lbs.; rectified spirit of wine, 3 pints; cold water, 6 pints; macerate in a close vessel for 14 days, express the liquor, and filter.

_b._ As the last, but proceeding by the process of percolation.

_Obs._ If the preceding processes are well managed, the product is 10 lbs., and resembles brandy in colour and transparency, and is delightfully fragrant. 1 part of this infusion mixed with 6-1/2 parts of water makes a preparation exactly resembling the INFUSION OF CALUMBA--B. P.

3. (Alkaline; INFUSUM CASCARILLÆ ALKALISATUM, L.--Ph. Palat.) Cascarilla, 3 oz.; carbonate of potassa, 2 dr.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz. Antacid and tonic.--_Dose_, l tablespoonful.

=Infusion of Cas'sia.= _Syn._ CASSIA TEA; INFUSUM CASSIA FISTULÆ, L.; EAU DE CASSE, Fr. _Prep._ (Soubeiran.) Cassia pods (bruised), 4 oz.; boiling water, 1-1/2 pint. Laxative.

=Infusion of Cate'chu.= _Syn._ COMPOUND INFUSION OF CATECHU; INFUSUM CATECHU (B. P.), L. _Prep._ (B. P.) Catechu in coarse powder, 160 gr., cinnamon, bruised, 40 gr., boiling water, macerate for half an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. Astringent in diarrh[oe]a.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz. three or four times a day, or after every liquid dejection.

=Infusion of Catmint.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CATARIÆ. _Prep._ Dry catmint, 2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint.

=Infusion of Cayenne Pep'per.= See INFUSION OF CAPSICUM.

=Infusion of Cen'taury.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CENTAURI, L. From the flowering tops of common or lesser centaury (_Erythæa centaurium_). Bitter, febrifuge, stomachic, and vermifuge. A popular remedy in obstructions, jaundice, debility, dyspepsia, &c.; and externally, for the itch, and to destroy pediculi. An infusion is also made of the root, which is about one half more powerful than the tops. The plant is "a valuable native medicine; in the places where it grows it is carefully collected for use in rustic pharmacy." (Lindley.)

=Infusion, Cephal'ic.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CEPHALICUM, L. _Prep._ (Edin. Hosp.) Valerian root, 2 oz.; rosemary tops, 4 dr.; boiling water, 1 quart, infuse 12 hours, strain, and add aromatic water, 4 fl. oz. As an antispasmodic, and in various affections of the head.

=Infusion of Cham'omile.= _Syn._ CHAMOMILE TEA; INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS (B. P.) I. CHAMÆMELI, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Chamomile flowers, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 10 oz.; infuse for fifteen minutes, and strain.

Tonic, bitter, and stomachic; also emetic. It should be drunk cold, as it is emetic when warm.--_Dose._ As a stomachic, 1 to 3 oz.; as an emetic, 5 to 10 oz.

2. (Concentrated; INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS CONCENTRATUM, L. From chamomiles, 5-1/2 oz., water; 1 pint; boil till the mixture weighs exactly 21 oz., express the liquor by means of a powerful tincture-press, cool, and add of essential oil of chamomile, 15 drops, dissolved in rectified spirit, 5 fl. oz. agitate well, let it repose until the next day, then decant the clear, and filter. Strongly bitter and odorous, and beautifully transparent. 5-1/2 times as strong as the ordinary INFUSION--B. P.

=Infusion of Chamomile and Orange= (Dr Percival). _Syn._ INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS ET AURANTII. _Prep._ Chamomile flowers, 1 oz.; dried orange peel, 1/2 oz.; cold water, 3 lbs.; macerate for 24 hours.

=Infusion of Cher'ry-laurel.= _Syn._ INFUSUM LAURO-CERASI, L. _Prep._ (Dr Cheston.) Fresh leaves of the common or cherry-laurel (_Cerasus Lauro-cerasus_). 2-1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse, strain, and add of clarified honey, 2-1/2 oz. As a lotion in cancer of the lip, and as a wash for malignant ulcers.

=Infusion of Chiret'ta.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CHIRATÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Chiretta, cut small, 1 oz.; distilled water, at 120° F., 40 oz.; infuse half an hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

_Obs._ Chiretta is a pure tonic bitter, closely allied to gentian, and has been long esteemed in the East Indies as a remedy for acidity, flatulence, and dyspepsia, especially when occurring in gouty or debilitated habits. It is usually given in combination with carbonate of soda or salts of iron. The whole of the plant is employed.

2. (Concentrated; INFUSUM CHIRETTÆ CONCENTRATUM, L.) From Chiretta, 4 oz.; for each pint of the product, prepared as either CONC. INFUSION OF CALUMBA or CASCARILLA. Eight times as strong as the common infusion.

=Infusion of Cincho'na.= _Syn_. INFUSION OF BARK, INFUSUM CINCHONÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Yellow cinchona (calisaya) bark, in coarse powder, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; infuse for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

_Obs._ Infusion of bark is tonic and stomachic, and in very large doses febrifuge. It is an extremely useful medicine in dyspepsia, debility, and during convalescences, and is often a valuable adjunct to more active remedies. Like the decoction, it is most energetic when strained whilst hot. The addition of 1 fl. dr. of diluted sulphuric acid to the water before pouring it on the bark increases its solvent power, and, consequently the strength of the infusion.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 fl. oz.

2. (Concentrated; INFUSUM CINCHONÆ CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Yellow bark (coarsely powdered), 4 lbs.; boiling water, 8 lbs.; digest for 12 hours, express the liquid, add rectified spirit, 2 lbs., and after 24 hours' repose decant the clear portion.

_b._ Yellow bark (in coarse powder), 4 lbs.; cold water, 8 lbs.; rectified spirit, 2 lbs.; dilute sulphuric acid, 4 fl. oz.; mix the fluids, and either macerate the bark in them for a week in a closed vessel, or proceed by the method of displacement. Very superior.

_Obs._ 1 fl. dr. of either of the above, added to 7 fl. dr. of water, produces an extemporaneous infusion of cinchona resembling that of the pharmacop[oe]ia. The concentrated preparation of the Ph. L. being more than 8 times the usual strength, is placed amongst LIQUORS.

3. From PALE BARK:--_a._ (Ph. L., INFUSION OF PALE CINCHONA; INFUSUM CINCHONÆ PALLIDÆ--Ph. L.) From pale bark, as INFUSION OF CINCHONA--Ph. L.

_b._ (Ph. D.; INFUSUM CINCHONÆ--Ph. D.) Crown or pale bark, 1 oz.; boiling water, 1/2 pint; infuse 1 hour in a covered vessel, and strain through paper.

_Obs._ "This infusion is inferior to the preceding" (from yellow bark) "in activity, and is a very unnecessary one. It is said to oppress the stomach less than that of the other cinchona bark; the reason is obvious--it is weaker." (Pereira.)

_c._ Concentrated; INFUSUM CINCHONÆ PALLIDÆ CONCENTRATUM, L. As CONCENTRATED INFUSION OF CINCHONA, but using pale bark. The concentrated preparation of the Ph. L. will be found under LIQUORS.

=Infusion of Cin'namon.= _Syn._ CINNAMON TEA; INFUSUM CINNAMOMI, L. In flatulence, dyspepsia, and nervous colics.

=Infusion of Cloves.= _Syn._ CLOVE TEA; INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLORUM, I. CARIOPHYLLI (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Cloves (bruised), 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 20 oz.; infuse for half an hour, and strain. Aromatic, stimulant, and stomachic, either alone or in combination; in colic, dyspepsia, gout, &c.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Concentrated: INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLI CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Bruised cloves, 3 oz.; boiling water, 16 fl. oz.; infuse as above and strain; when cold, add of rectified spirit 1/4 pint, and filter.

_b._ Bruised cloves, 1-3/4 lb.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; cold water, 3 quarts; macerate for 7 days, and express the liquid; sprinkle the marc with water, 12 fl. oz., and after the lapse of an hour again submit it to the press; lastly filter the mixed liquors. Very fine. The above are about eight times the strength of the INFUSION OF CLOVES.--Ph. L.

=Infusion of Cof'fee.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CAFFEI, L. _Prep._ (Dr McBride.) Unroasted coffee berries (bruised), 30 in no.; cold water, 1 quart; macerate 2 or 3 hours. In calculus, &c.--_Dose_, 1/2 pint every morning.

_Obs._ Sir J. Floyer and Sir J. Pringle cured asthma with a strong solution of roasted coffee. M. Bouchardat prescribes a strong infusion made by displacement (percolation), and mixed with a little brandy, in poisoning by opium and other like narcotics, after the administration of emetics and ioduretted water. M. Honore also employs very strong-made coffee in albuminuria. Clausen gives it in gout, and Parker employs it as a nervous stimulant in lieu of ammonia and wine, for persons of a slightly sensitive and excitable temperament.

=Infusion of Contrayer'va.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CONTRAYERVÆ, L. _Prep._ (Pereira.) Contrayerva (in powder), 1 oz.; boiling water, 12 fl. oz. Stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic; in low fevers, &c.

=Infusion of Copal'che Bark.= _Syn._ INFUSUM COPALCHI CORTICIS, L. _Prep._ (Dr Stark.) Bark of copalche bush (_Croton pseudo-China_), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest 2 hours, and strain. A warm bitter and stomachic.

=Infusion of Cor'sican Moss.= _Syn._ INFUSUM HELMINTHOCORTI, L. _Prep._ (Farr.) Corsican moss, 5 dr., boiling water, 1 pint; macerate for 10 or 12 hours, and strain. _Ad libitum_ in cancer. See DECOCTION.

=Infusion of Cotula.= _Syn._ INFUSUM COTULÆ. From dried flowers of Anthemio cotula, as infusion of chamomiles.

=Infusion of Cuspa''ria.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF ANGOSTURA BARK; INFUSUM CUSPARIÆ (B. P.), I. ANGUSTURÆ, L. _Prep._ (B. P.) Cusparia, in coarse powder, 1 oz.; distilled water, at 120°, 20 oz.; infuse 2 hours, and strain. Stimulant and tonic; in typhus fever, bilious diarrh[oe]a, dysentery, &c.

=Infusion of Daf''fodil.= _Syn._ INFUSUM NARCISSI PSEUDO-NARCISSI, L. _Prep._ (Dufresnoy.) Flowers of daffodil (_Narcissus pseudo-Narcissus_), 3 to 16 in no.; boiling water, 1 pint. Expectorant, nauseant, and emetic. In hooping-cough.

=Infusion of Dah''lia Pe'tals.= From the violet or blue varieties. Used for its colour and as a test.

=Infusion of Dandeli'on.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF TARAXACUM; INFUSUM TARAXACI, L. 1. From the sliced root. Stimulant, resolvent, and tonic.

2. (Concentrated; INFUSUM TARAXACI CONCENTRATUM, L.) From the root (sliced), 1 lb.; exposed to a current of warm dry air until crisp, then coarsely pulverised, and digested for a week in a mixture of rectified spirit, 12 fl. oz.; cold water, 1-1/2 pint. 8 times the usual strength.

3. (Compound; INFUSUM TARAXACI COMPOSITUM, L.--Meigs.) Infusion of dandelion, 4 fl. oz.; extract of do., 2 dr.; sesquicarbonate of soda, 1/2 dr.; tartrate of potassa, 3 dr.; tincture of rhubarb, 3 fl. dr.; tincture of henbane, 20 drops. In dropsical and visceral affections.--_Dose._ One third part thrice daily. See DECOCTION, EXTRACT, &c.

=Infusion of Digita'lis.= See INFUSION OF FOXGLOVE.

=Infusion, Diuret'ic.= _Syn._ INFUSUM DIURETICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. Broom tops, 1 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 1 hour, strain, cool, and add of sweet spirits of nitre, 3 fl. dr.--_Dose._ A wine-glassful every other hour.

2. Infusion of foxglove, 1 fl. oz.; tincture of foxglove, 1/2 fl. dr.; acetate of potassa, 1 dr.; laudanum, 10 drops.--_Dose_, 1 table-spoonful twice or thrice a day, carefully watching the effects.

3. Juniper berries, 2 oz.; aniseed, 1/4 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 1 hour; strain, and when cold, add of compound spirit of juniper, 2 fl. oz.; tincture of squills, 1 fl. dr.; nitre, 1 dr.--_Dose_, 1/2 a teacupful frequently. All the above are used as diuretics in dropsy. See INFUSIONS OF BROOM, FOXGLOVE, and JUNIPER.

=Infusion of Dog'wood.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CORNUS FLORIDÆ, L. From the bark of American dogwood (_Cornus Florida_). See DECOCTION.

=Infusion of Dulcamara= (B. P.). _Syn._ INFUSUM DULCAMARÆ. _Prep._ Infuse bruised dulcamara, 1 oz.; in 10 fluid ounces of boiling water in a covered vessel for 1 hour; and strain.--_Dose_, 1 oz. to 2 oz.

=Infusion of El'der Flowers.= _Syn._ ELDER-FLOWER TEA; INFUSUM SAMBUCI FLORUM, L. From the picked flowers, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. Pectoral, expectorant, and diaphoretic, either alone or sweetened with honey.

=Infusion of Elecampane.= _Syn._ INFUSUM INULÆ. _Prep._ Elecampane root, 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for two hours, and strain.

=Infusion of Elm-bark.= _Syn._ COMPOUND INULÆ, L. Diaphoretic, expectorant, and tonic. FUSION OF ELM-BARK; INFUSUM ULMI COMPOSITUM, L. _Prep._ (Cadet.) Elm-bark, bitter-sweet, burdock, and fumitory, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest for 4 hours, strain, and add of syrup of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. The whole to be taken in 24 hours, in divided doses in the chronic exanthemata. See DECOCTION.

=Infusion of Er'got of Rye.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ERGOTÆ (B. P.). L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Ergot, 1, in coarse powder, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse 1/2 an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. Should be made fresh when required.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz. every 1/2 hour or hour, as a parturient. Also as an injection for gleet.

2. (Concentrated.) See LIQUOR OF ERGOT.

=Infusion of Eucalyptus.= (Griffiths.) _Syn._ INFUSUM EUCALYPTI GLOBULI. _Prep._ Cut leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, 2 dr.; boiling water, 4 oz.; infuse and strain. Take morning and evening.

=Infusion of Fen'nel.= _Syn._ FENNEL TEA; INFUSUM F[OE]NICULI, L. _Prep._ From sweet fennel-seeds, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. In griping and windy colic of infants; a few drops to 1/2 a teaspoonful for a dose, or a little by way of enema.

=Infusion of Flax-seed.= See INFUSION OF LINSEED.

=Infusion of Fleabane.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ERIGEROMIS CANADENSIS. _Prep._ Canadian fleabane, 1 oz.; boiling water, 16 oz. Diuretic and astringent.

=Infusion of Fox'glove.= _Syn._ INFUSUM DIGITALIS (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Digitalis, dried, 30 gr.; distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1/4 to 1/2 oz.

2. (Ph. E.) Foxglove (dried), 2 dr.; boiling water, 18 fl. oz.; spirit of cinnamon, 2 fl. oz.

3. (Ph. D.) Foxglove (dried and reduced to a coarse powder), 1 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; infuse 1 hour. The product should measure about 8 fl. oz. The last two are of double the strength of the infusion Ph. L., and the dose must consequently be only 2 to 4 fl. dr. "I believe this, when properly made, to be the most effectual of the preparations of foxglove." (Pereira.) See FOXGLOVE.

=Infusion of Fu'mitory.= _Syn._ INFUSUM FUMARIÆ, L. From the herbaceous portion of common fumitory (_Fumaria officinalis_). Aperient and diaphoretic; in obstinate skin diseases and chronic obstructions of the liver.

=Infusion of Galls.= _Syn._ INFUSUM GALLÆ, L. 1. From Aleppo galls, coarsely powdered. In diarrh[oe]a, hæmorrhages, &c.; also freely, in cases of poisoning by the alkaloids; and diluted with 3 or 4 times its volume of water, for injections, embrocations, gargles, &c.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM GALLÆ COMPOSITUM, MISTURA GALLÆ, L.--Ellis.) Infusion of galls, 4 fl. oz.; prepared chalk, 1/2 oz.; powdered gum, 1 dr.; tincture of opium, 1/2 fl. dr.--_Dose_, 1 table-spoonful every 2 hours, in diarrh[oe]a, &c.

=Infusion of Gar'lic.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ALLII, L. _Prep._ (White.) Garlic (recent), 1/2 lb.; water, 4 lbs.; place them in a covered pot, set it in a very slow oven for 3 or 4 hours, and when cold, express the fluid portion.--_Dose._ In epilepsy, 2 teaspoonfuls before and after every meal; in chronic diarrh[oe]a, a teaspoonful after every motion.

=Infusion of Gen'tian.= _Syn._ INFUSUM GENTIANÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Beral.) Gentian (bruised), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse 5 or 6 hours, and strain. Stomachic.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM GENTIANÆ COMPOSITUM--B. P.)

_Prep._ _a._ (B. P.) Gentian, sliced, 1 oz.; orange peel, cut small, 1 oz.; lemon peel (fresh), 2 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; infuse for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

_b._ (Ph. E.) Sliced gentian root, 1/2 oz.; bitter orange peel (dried and bruised) and coriander seeds, of each 1 dr.; proof spirit, 4 fl. oz.; digest for 3 hours, then add of cold water, 16 fl. oz., and in 12 hours more strain.

_c._ (Ph. D.) Gentian and dried orange peel, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1/2 pint; macerate 1 hour, and strain.--_Dose_ of the last two, 1/2 to 1 fl. oz.

3. (Concentrated Compound; INFUSUM GENTIANÆ COMP. CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Gentian root (bruised), 4-1/2 lbs.; boiling water, q. s. to cover it; infuse with occasional agitation for 2 hours, express the liquor, wash the marc with a little boiling water, and evaporate to 13 quarts; when cold, strain through flannel, add of rectified spirit, 1 gall., and pour the mixed fluids on dried orange peel, 4-1/2 lbs., and fresh lemon peel, 9 lbs.; macerate for 1 week, then express the liquor in a powerful press, and filter through paper.

_b._ Gentian and dried orange peel, of each 4-1/2 lbs.; fresh lemon peel, 9 lbs.; cold distilled water, 13 quarts; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; macerate for 14 or 15 days, with frequent agitation, then express the liquid, add 1 dr. each of the essential oils of lemon and orange, agitate well, and filter through paper.

_c._ Gentian, 1-1/4 lb.; essence of lemon, 1 dr.; essence of orange, 1/2 dr.; essence of cedrate, 15 drops; rectified spirit, 1 quart; cold water, 3 quarts; digest for 10 days and filter.

4. (With RHUBARB; INFUSUM GENTIANÆ ET RHEI, MISTURA STOMACHICA, L.) From gentian and rhubarb (bruised), of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest 1 hour, and strain; to the cold infusion add of sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 1 dr. An admirable medicine in dyspepsia, hysteria, loss of appetite, constipation, chronic rheumatism, &c.

=Infusion of Gin'ger.= _Syn._ GINGER TEA; INFUSUM ZINGIBERIS, L. From the best unbleached Jamaica ginger, freshly bruised or grated. In flatulence, colic, and indigestion.

=Infusion of Gin'seng.= _Syn._ GINSENG TEA; INFUSUM GINSENG, I. RADICIS G., L. _Prep._ Ginseng (the root of _Panax Schinseng_), 1/2 oz.; ginger (grated), 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate 1 hour, then add of cinnamon (bruised), 1/2 dr.; infuse for another hour, and strain. Ginseng tea, made according to the above formula, has a wonderful reputation in China, as a stimulant, restorative, and aphrodisiac. In Europe, however, it is merely regarded as an aromatic demulcent.

_Obs._ American ginseng (the root of _Panax quinquefolium_) may be substituted for the Asiatic product.

=Infusion of Gold'thread.= _Syn._ INFUSUM COPTIS, L. From the root of _Coptis trifolia_. Bitter, stomachic; in dyspepsia, and as a mouth-wash in thrush.

=Infusion of Gua'co.= _Syn._ INFUSUM GUACO, L. From the bruised leaves and stems of guaco or huaco (_Mikania guaco_). Sudorific and vulnerary; reputed in South America to be a powerful remedy for the bites of venemous serpents and for hydrophobia, but the trials in this country do not show it to be of any value in such cases.

=Infusion of Guaiac'um.= _Syn._ COMPOUND INFUSION OF GUAIACUM, I. OF THE WOODS; INFUSUM GUAIACI COMPOSITUM, AQUA BENEDICTA COMPOSITA, L. _Prep._ (Ph. D. 1826.) Guaiacum shavings, 6 oz.; bruised liquorice root, 1 oz.; sassafras bark, 1/2 oz.; coriander seeds, 3 dr.; lime water, 96 fl. oz. (say 5 pints); infuse for 2 days, and strain. _Dose_, 3 to 4 fl. oz., twice or thrice a day, in scrofula, rheumatism, gout, eruptions, &c.

=Infusion of Gum.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ACACIÆ, L. From gum acacia and lump sugar, of each 2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate until dissolved, then cool, and add of orange-flower water, 1/2 fl. oz. A pleasant demulcent in coughs, hoarseness, &c.

=Infusion of Hedge Hys'sop.= _Syn._ INFUSUM GRATIOLÆ, L. _Prep._ (A. T. Thomson.) Hedge hyssop (_Gratiola officinalis_), dried, 2 dr.; boiling water, 8 fl. oz. Cathartic, diuretic, emetic, and vermifuge.--_Dose_, 3 to 6 fl. dr.; in dropsies, gout, jaundice, &c. See EXTRACT.

=Infusion of Hem'lock.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CONII, I. CONII MACULATI, L. _Prep._ (Guy's Hosp.) Dried leaves of hemlock, and coriander seeds, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 8 oz.; infuse for 2 hours. Combined with acetate of ammonia, tincture of henbane, and syrup of poppies, in pulmonary complaints, &c.

=Infusion of Henbane.= _Syn._ INFUSUM HYOSCYAMI, L. _Prep._ 1. From fresh leaves, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. As a lotion for painful ulcers, swelled face, &c.

2. (Compound; HENBANE FOMENTATION; INFUSUM HYOSCYAMI COMPOSITUM, L.--Radius.) Henbane leaves, poppy heads, and mallows, of each 1 oz.; boiling water, 2 quarts. For painful ulcers, and in facial neuralgia, &c.

=Infusion of Hops.= _Syn._ HOP TEA; INFUSUM HUMULI, I. LUPULI (Ph. L.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Hops, 6 dr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 4 hours in a covered vessel (press), and strain. Tonic and anodyne. Well-hopped mild ale is a good substitute.

=Infusion of Hore'hound.= _Syn._ HOREHOUND TEA; INFUSUM MARRUBII, L. From the leaves; demulcent, pectoral; a popular remedy in coughs, colds, hoarseness, and chest affections generally, taken freely.

=Infusion of Horserad'ish.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ARMORACIÆ, L. 1. From horseradish alone. Diuretic and stomachic.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM ARMORACIÆ COMPOSITUM, L.--Ph. L.) Horseradish (sliced) and mustard seed (bruised), of each 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, strain, and add of compound spirit of horseradish, 1 fl. oz. Stimulant, stomachic, and diuretic; in dropsies, paralysis, scurvy, chronic rheumatism, &c.

=Infusion of Hys'sop.= _Syn._ HYSSOP TEA; INFUSUM HYSSOPI, L. 1. From the leaves of _Hyssopus officinalis_ (Linn.) Stimulant, stomachic, emmenagogue, and expectorant; in dyspepsia, flatulency, hysterical affections, &c.; also used by boxers as a wash for black eyes.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM HYSSOPI COMPOSITUM, L.--Ratier). Hyssop leaves, 2-1/2 dr.; liquorice, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 quart. As a demulcent drink in catarrhal affections.

=Infusion of Indian Sarsaparil'la.= _Syn._ INFUSUM HEMIDESMI, L. From Indian or scented sarsaparilla (_Hemidesmus Indicus_). Dr Ashburner orders it to be made with lime water (cold); but this plan is seldom followed.--_Dose_ and _uses_, same as those of infusion of sarsaparilla.

=Infusion of I'ron (Bitter).= _Syn._ INFUSUM FERRI AMARUM, L. _Prep._ (Dr R. E. Griffith.) Iron filings, 3 oz.; gentian and ginger, of each bruised, 1 oz.; orange peel, 1/2 oz.; strong old cider, 1 pint; infuse for a month, frequently stirring, and filter.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr., 3 or 4 times daily, as a chalybeate tonic.

=Infusion of Ju'niper.= _Syn._ INFUSUM JUNIPERI, I. BACCÆ J., L. 1. From the berries alone. As a stimulant diuretic, in dropsies &c.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM JUNIPERI COMPOSITUM, L.)--_a._ (Guy's Hosp.) Juniper berries, 2-1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; to the strained solution, when cold, add, of compound spirit of juniper, 10 fl. dr.; bitartrate of potassa, 1 dr.

_b._ (Parrish.) Ginger, juniper berries, and mustard, of each bruised, 1/2 oz.; horseradish and parsley root, of each bruised, 1 oz.; cider, 1 quart; infuse, and strain with expression. All the above are used in dropsies.

=Infusion of Ki'no.= _Syn._ INFUSUM KINO, L. From kino, 5 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. In diarrh[oe]a, and diluted with 4 or 5 times its bulk of water, as an injection in chronic gonorrh[oe]a.

=Infusion of Justitia.= _Syn._ INFUSUM JUSTICIÆ. _Prep._ Root of painted justicia, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; infuse for 1 hour.

=Infusion of Kousso (B. P.)= _Syn._ INFUSUM CUSSO. _Prep._ Infuse kousso in fine powder, 1/2 oz.; in boiling distilled water, 8 fl. oz., in a covered vessel for 15 minutes. Must not be strained.

=Infusion of Lime Flowers.= _Syn._ LINDEN-FLOWER TEA; INFUSUM TILLÆ, L. 1. From the flowers of the lime or linden tree (_Tilia Europæa_). Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and cephalic.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM TILLÆ COMPOSITUM, L.--Foy.) Chamomiles, linden flowers, and orange leaves, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 quart; infuse, strain, and add of syrup, 2 fl. oz. In nervous headaches, &c. The above are much used on the Continent.

=Infusion of Lin'seed.= _Syn._ LINSEED TEA, FLAXSEED T.; INFUSUM LINI (B. P.), L. _Prep._ (B. P.) Linseed (bruised). 160 gr.; fresh liquorice root (sliced), 60 gr.; boiling distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse for 4 hours and strain. A cheap and useful demulcent in pulmonary and urinary irritation; especially in catarrhs, gonorrh[oe]a, &c.; _ad libitum_. Dr Pereira recommends the addition of sliced lemon and sugar-candy, to render it more palatable. See DECOCTION.

=Infusion of Liq'uorice.= _Syn._ INFUSUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ, L. From the fresh root, sliced. Demulcent and laxative; taken _ad libitum_.

=Infusion of Lit'mus.= _Syn._ INFUSUM LACMI, L. Used for its colour, and as a liquid test, and to make test-paper.

=Infusion of Lobelia.= _Syn._ INFUSUM LOBELIÆ, I. L. INFLATÆ. From lobelia or Indian tobacco. In asthmas chiefly.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls every half-hour, until it occasions nausea.

=Infusion of Log'wood.= _Syn._ LOGWOOD TEA; INFUSUM HÆMATOXYLI, L. From logwood chips. One of the best remedies known for simple diarrh[oe]a arising from weakness; also used as a colour and test. See DECOCTION, EXTRACT, &c.

=Infusion (Maiden-hair).= _Syn._ INFUSUM ADIANTI, L. From either common maiden-hair (_Adiantum capillus Veneris_), or Canadian maiden-hair (_Adiantum pedatum_). They are both slightly bitter, aromatic, and pectoral. The infusion forms an excellent demulcent drink in catarrhs.

=Infusion of Malam'bo Bark.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CORTICIS MALAMBO, L. _Prep._ (Ure.) Bark (from _Croton Malambo_), 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. An aromatic tonic and astringent.

=Infusion of Mallow Flowers.= _Syn._ INFUSUM MALVÆ FLORUM, L. Pectoral and laxative. Chiefly used as a test.

=Infusion of Malt.= _Syn._ MALT TEA, SWEET WORT; INFUSUM BYNES, I. MALTI, L. Prepared with hot water (165° to 170° Fahr.). Demulcent and laxative. A useful drink in sore throat, inflammatory fevers, &c. Some persons flavour it with sliced lemon.

=Infusion of Ma''rygold.= _Syn._ INFUSUM CALENDULÆ, L. From the flowers of the common marygold (_Calendula officinalis_). Carminative, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue. It has been recently recommended in cancerous affections, both internally and as a lotion. Radius adds syrup of orange peel to flavour it.

=Infusion of Mat'ico.= _Syn._ INFUSUM MATICONIS, I. MATICÆ, I. MATICO, L. 1. From the leaves of the matico plant (_Artanthe elongata_). Aromatic, bitter, stimulant, and reputed hæmostatic; in internal hæmorrhages and mucous discharges. The Indians of South America use it as an aphrodisiac. (Martius.)

2. Compound; INFUSUM MATICONIS COMPOSITUM, L.--Watmough.) Matico and senna, of each 2 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. In hæmorrhagic and other discharges, piles, &c.; a wine-glassful repeatedly.

=Infusion of May-weed.= _Syn._ INFUSUM COTULÆ, L. From the dried flowers of may-weed or stinking chamomile (_Anthemis cotula_). Bitter, stomachic, and diaphoretic; in large doses, emetic and sudorific; chiefly in hysterical affections, scrofula, &c.

=Infusion of Mea'dow Rue.= _Syn._ INFUSUM THALICTRI FLAVI, L. From the herb meadow rue (_Thalictrum flavum_). In hydrophobia, taken plentifully.

=Infusion of Mil'foil.= _Syn._ YARROW TEA; INFUSUM MILLEFOLII, L. In dropsies, and as a fomentation to bruises. See EXTRACT, &c.

=Infusion of Mint.= _Syn._ MINT TEA. 1. (Ph. D.--INFUSUM MENTHÆ SIMPLEX.) From the dried leaves of green or spearmint. Carminative and stomachic; chiefly used as a vehicle for other medicines. A wine-glassful _ad libitum_.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM MENTHÆ COMPOSITUM.) To mint tea 6 fl. oz., add of oil of spearmint, 3 drops, previously triturated with lump sugar, 2 dr., and dissolved in compound tincture of cardamoms, 1/2 fl. oz. A useful remedy in colic, flatulence, &c.; as the last.

=Infusion of Mu'dar.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF MUDAR-BARK; INFUSUM CORTICIS MUDARIS, L. From the root bark of _Calotropis gigantea_. Resembles infusion of ipecacuanha.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls, as an alterative; a wine-glassful as an emetic. In the East Indies it is highly esteemed in epilepsy, hysteria, syphilis, convulsions, and various spasmodic diseases.

=Infusion of Net'tle Seed.= _Syn._ INFUSUM URTICÆ SEMINUM, L. _Prep._ (Garde.) Seed of common nettle (_Urtica dioica_), 2-1/2 dr.; boiling water, 18 fl. oz.; infuse 3 hours, strain, and add of syrup, 2 fl. oz. Astringent, diuretic, and pectoral.

=Infusion of Nux Vom'ica.= _Syn._ INFUSUM NUCIS VOMICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Hosp. F.) Nux vomica (ground or rasped), 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest 3 hours, and strain. It must be taken with caution, and the effects watched. See EXTRACT, NUX VOMICA, and STRYCHNINE.

=Infusion of Or'ange Peel.= _Syn._ INFUSUM AURANTII, B. P. _Prep._ 1. Dried bitter orange peel, cut small, 1 oz.; boiling water, 20 oz.; infuse for 15 minutes, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz. Bitter and stomachic.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM AURANTII--Ph. E., I. A. COMPOSITUM--Ph. L. & D., L.)--_a._ (Ph. L. & E.) Dried bitter orange peel, 1/2 oz.; fresh lemon peel, 2 dr.; cloves (bruised), 1 dr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 15 minutes in a covered vessel, and strain.

_b._ (Ph. D.) Dried orange peel, 3 dr.; cloves, 1/2 dr.; boiling water, 1/2 pint; macerate half an hour. An agreeable stomachic. It is chiefly employed as a vehicle for other medicines.

_c._ (B. P.) Dried bitter orange peel, cut small, 1/2 oz.; fresh lemon peel, 120 gr.; cloves (bruised), 60 gr.; boiling water, 20 oz. Infuse for 15 minutes, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

3. (Concentrated Compound; INFUSUM AURANTII CONCENTRATUM, I. A. COM. CONC., L.)--_a._ Seville orange peel (dried), 3-1/4 lbs.; fresh lemon peel, 1-1/2 lb.; bruised cloves, 3/4 lb.; boiling water, 9 pints; infuse for 20 minutes, press out the liquor, and, when cold, add of rectified spirit, 1 quart, and filter.

_b._ Dried orange peel, 18 oz.; fresh lemon peel, 1/2 lb.; bruised cloves, 1/4 lb.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; cold water, 3 pints; macerate for 1 week, press, and filter. Very superior.

_Obs._ 1 fl. dr. of either of the above, added to 7 fl. dr. of water, makes a similar (preferable) preparation to the COMPOUND INFUSION OF ORANGE PEEL.--Ph. L.

=Infusion of Parei'ra.= _Syn._ INFUSUM PAREIRÆ (Ph. E. & D.), I. P. BRAVÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Velvet leaf or pareira brava root, 6 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate for 2 hours in a lightly covered vessel, and strain.

2. (Ph. D.) Pareira (bruised and torn), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour, and strain. In irritation and mucous discharges from the urinary organs. The corresponding preparation of the Ph. L. will be found among the DECOCTIONS.

=Infusion of Pars'ley Root.= _Syn._ INFUSUM PETROSELINI, L. From the root of garden parsley. Aromatic, diuretic, and slightly aperient. It has been highly recommended by Dr Chapman and others in dropsy, in the strangury arising from blisters, &c.; taken freely, either alone or combined with a little sweet spirit of nitre.

=Infusion of Peach Leaves.= _Syn._ INFUSUM PERSICÆ, I. P. FOLII, L. _Prep._ (Pereira.) Peach leaves (dried), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; macerate an hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls, twice or thrice a day; to allay irritation of the bladder and urethra, and as a vermifuge.

=Infusion, Pectoral.= _Syn._ INFUSUM PECTORALE, L. _Prep._ (Hosp. F.) Linseed (bruised), 3/4 oz.; coltsfoot leaves, 1/2 oz.; liquorice root (sliced) and poppy-heads, of each 1/4 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint; digest two hours, and strain. In coughs, colds, hoarseness, &c., accompanied with a dose of aperient medicine. See SPECIES, &c.

=Infusion of Pennyroy'al.= _Syn._ PENNYROYAL TEA; INFUSUM PULEGII, I. MENTHÆ PULEGII, L. A popular remedy for nausea, flatulence, colds, hooping-cough, hysterical affections, obstructed menstruation, &c.

=Infusion of Pep'permint.= _Syn._ PEPPERMINT TEA; INFUSUM MENTHÆ PIPERITÆ, L. In flatulence, colic, griping, &c., and as a vehicle for other medicines.

=Infusion of Periwin'kle.= _Syn._ INFUSUM VINCÆ MINORIS, L. From the leaves of lesser periwinkle (_Vinca minor_). Astringent and tonic; in diarrh[oe]a, dysentery, &c. Mr Weathers employs it in passive hæmorrhages, and others have recommended it as an external tonic applied to the perinæum, &c., in piles, relaxation of the genitals, &c.

=Infusion of Persim'mon.= _Syn._ INFUSUM PERSIMMONIS, L. From the bark of persimmon (_Diospyrus Virginiana_). Astringent; very valuable in diarrh[oe]a, hæmorrhages, agues, &c.; and as a gargle in ulcerated sore throat.

=Infusion of Peru'vian Bark.= See INFUSION OF BARK.

=Infusion of Pink'root.= _Syn._ PINKROOT TEA, WORM T.; INFUSUM SPIGILIÆ, L. 1. From Indian pinkroot. Vermifuge; either combined with or followed by a purge after the third or fourth dose. The dose for a child 3 to 5 years old is 1 to 2 table-spoonfuls.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM SPIGILIÆ COMPOSITUM, I. S. CUM SENNÂ, L.--Ellis.) Pinkroot, 1/2 oz., senna, 2 dr.; fennel seed, 3 dr.; manna, 1 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint.--_Dose_, 1/2 wine-glassful to a child 2 or 3 years old; in worms. See EXTRACT.

=Infusion of Pleu'risy Root.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ASCLEPIADIS TUBEROSÆ, L. From the root of butterfly weed or pleurisy root (_Asclepias tuberosa_). Expectorant and diuretic; in large doses, purgative; in colds, pleurisy, pneumonia, &c. According to Bigelow, it is a valuable mild tonic and stimulant.

=Infusion of Pois'on-oak.= _Syn._ INFUSUM RHOIS TOXICODENDRI, L. _Prep._ From the dried leaves of the poison-oak (_Rhus toxicodendron_), 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint. Stimulant and narcotic; chiefly in palsy and mania.

=Infusion of Pop'py-heads.= _Syn._ POPPY TEA; INFUSUM PAPAVERIS, L. From poppy-heads (capsules of _Papaver somniferum_). Soothing, anodyne. Sweetened with honey, it is a popular remedy for tickling cough, restlessness, &c.; also used hot, as an embrocation, in painful tumours, inflammations, &c. See INFUSION OF RED POPPY.

=Infusion of Pur'ging Flax.= _Syn._ INFUSUM LINI CATHARTICI, L. From the dried leaves of purging flax (_Linum catharticum_). Cathartic. The dose should be repeated at intervals of an hour or an hour and a half, until it operates.

=Infusion of Quas'sia.= _Syn._ QUASSIA TEA; INFUSUM QUASSIÆ (B. P., Ph. L. E. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Quassia, in chips, 60 gr.; cold distilled water, 10 oz.; infuse for half an hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Quassia (sliced), 40 gr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; infuse for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. E.) Quassia, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint.

4. (Ph. D.) Quassia (rasped), 1 dr.; boiling water, 8-1/2 fl. oz.

5. (Ph. U. S.) Quassia, 2 dr.; cold water, 16 fl. oz.; macerate for 12 hours, and strain. As a bitter tonic, in loss of appetite, dyspepsia, &c.; either combined with alkaline carbonates or chalybeates. Sweetened with moist sugar or honey, it forms a common FLY-WATER or FLY-POISON.

6. (Compound; INFUSUM QUASSIÆ COMPOSITUM, L.--Ellis.) Quassia, serpentary, and dried orange peel, of each 1/4 oz.; boiling water, 1 pint. A stimulant stomachic.

=Infusion of Red Cab'bage.= _Syn._ INFUSION OF BLUE CABBAGE. Used as a colour, and to make test-paper. It will not keep without the addition of about 1-10th of its weight of rectified spirit.

=Infusion of Red Pop'py.= _Syn._ RED-POPPY TEA; INFUSUM RH[OE]ADOS, L. From the petals of the red or corn poppy. Anodyne and pectoral. Sweetened with sugar or honey, it is a popular remedy in catarrhal affections: but the use of this, as well as of INFUSION OF POPPY-HEADS, should be accompanied by a dose of aperient medicine.

=Infusion of Rhat'any.= _Syn._ INFUSUM KRAMERIÆ (B. P.), INFUSUM RHATANIÆ, I. KRAMERIÆ (Ph. L. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Rhatany, bruised, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 20 oz.; infuse 1 hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Rhatany root, 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 4 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Rhatany, 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour, and strain. Astringent and tonic; chiefly in chronic diarrh[oe]a.

4. (Concentrated; INFUSUM KRAMERIÆ CONCENTRATUM, L.) From 8 times the usual quantity of ingredients, as INFUSION OF CASCARILLA.

=Infusion of Rhododen'dron.= _Syn._ INFUSUM RHODODENDRI, L. From the leaves of yellow rhododendron (_Rhododendron chrysanthum_), 1/2 oz.; boiling water, 1/2 pint. Highly recommended by Pallas and Koelpin in gout, chronic rheumatism, and syphilis. It has marked narcotic properties.

=Infusion of Rhubarb=. _Syn._ INFUSUM RHEI (B. P., Ph. L. E. & D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Rhubarb (in thin slices), 1 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse for 1 hour, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

2. (Ph. L.) Rhubarb (sliced), 3 dr.; boiling distilled water, 1 pint; macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain.

3. (Ph. D.) Rhubarb, 2 dr.; boiling water, 9 fl. oz.; macerate 1 hour.

4. (Ph. E.) Rhubarb (in coarse powder). 1 oz.; boiling water, 18 fl. oz.; infuse for 12 hours, add of spirit of cinnamon, 2 fl. oz,; and strain through linen or calico. Stomachic and purgative; along with neutral salts or aromatics.

_Obs._ The infusion of the Ph. E. being fully double as strong as that of the Ph. L. & D., must be taken in proportionate doses.

5. (Concentrated; Infusum rhei concentratum, L.)--_a._ Rhubarb (in coarse powder), 10 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; cold distilled water, 1 quart; digest 10 days, with frequent agitation, then express the liquor, and filter it; or proceed by the method of displacement.

_b._ Rhubarb, 3 lbs. 5 oz.; cold distilled water, 11 pints; rectified spirit, 5-1/2 pints; as the last.

_Obs._ 1 fl. dr. of either of the above, added to 7 fl. dr. of water, forms 1 fl. oz. of liquid, resembling, and in many points preferable to, the infusion of the Ph. L. The above is the only way a fine, rich-coloured, and transparent concentrated preparation can be made, that will keep well. Should it not prove perfectly limpid, it may be clarified in the way already mentioned.

6. (Alkaline; INFUSUM RHEI ALKALINUM, I. R. CUM POTASSÂ, L.--Copland.) Rhubarb, 2 dr.; carbonate of potassa, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1/2 pint; macerate for 4 hours, strain, and add of tincture of cinnamon, 1/2 fl. oz. In dyspepsia, acidity, heartburn, &c.

=Infusion of Ro'ses.= _Syn._ INFUSUM ROSÆ, L., 1. (Simple.) From the petals of red roses. Used as colouring and for a test; mixed with vinegar and sweetened with honey, it forms a popular gargle in sore throat.

2. (Compound; INFUSUM ROSÆ--Ph. E. I. ROSÆ COMPOSITUM--Ph. L., I. R. ACIDUM--B. P., Ph. D.) _Prep._--_a._ Red rose petals (broken up), 1 oz.; dilute sulphuric acid, 1/2 oz.; boiling distilled water, 40 oz.; infuse for half an hour with the acid and water, and strain.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 oz.

_b._ (Ph. L.) Petals of the red or damask rose (dried and pulled asunder), 3 dr.; boiling water, 1 pint; mix, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; macerate for 2 hours, strain off the liquor, and dissolve in it white sugar, 6 dr. The Edinburgh form is nearly similar.

_c._ (Ph. D.) Petals, 2 dr.; boiling water, 1/2 pint; infuse 1 hour, strain, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 1 fl. dr.

_Obs._ A vessel or glass of stoneware should be used to make the infusion in, as metallic vessels injure the colour of the liquid, and are also attacked by the acid. The best plan is to add the dilute sulphuric acid to the water before pouring it on the leaves. The infusion may be squeezed out of the leaves with the hands.

The COMPOUND INFUSION OF ROSES is principally used as a vehicle for sulphate of quinine, saline purgatives, and some other medicines. It is astringent and refrigerant, and, when diluted with water, forms a pleasant drink in febrile disorders, phthisical sweats, hæmorrhages, diarrh[oe]a, &c. It also makes a very useful astringent gargle.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 fl. oz.; either alone or diluted with water. It is incompatible with the alkalies and earths, and their carbonates and their bicarbonates.

3. (Concentrated; INFUSUM ROSÆ CONCENTRATUM, L.)--_a._ Rose petals, 10 oz.; boiling distilled water, 3 pints; infuse for 2 hours, with frequent agitation, express the liquid, strain through a clean hair sieve, and add of dilute sulphuric acid, 4-1/2 fl. oz.; after agitation for 5 or 6 minutes, and repose for 2 or 3 hours, decant the clear portion, and filter through paper supported on calico; next, dissolve in the liquid 1-1/4 lb. of the finest white sugar, broken up into small lumps, but perfectly free from dust and dirt; lastly, pour the infusion into clean, stoppered, green-glass bottles, and, as much as possible, keep them from the light, and in a cool place.

_b._ Rose petals, 3-1/4 lbs.; boiling water, 2 gall.; diluted sulphuric acid, 24 fl. oz.; finest white sugar, 6-1/2 lbs.; as the last.

_c._ The same quantity of dilute sulphuric acid and cold water, as before; mix, and infuse the rose leaves in the liquid for 48 hours, then express, filter, and add the sugar. Product very fine, and keeps well without becoming gelatinous.