Chapter XII: Preface (11)

Sya y nangabála sa ámin. He made trouble for us. Nangano kà nang iyo ng manga kalarò`? What did you do to your playmates? Nangáyap lámang ang báta`. The child ate only relishes. Sya y nangbábambo nang áso. He is a caning a dog. ang pamamangkà` canoeing. Namilì akò sa báya-ng-Malólos. I shopped in Malolos. Sya y nangdídilig nang karsáda. He sprinkles streets. ang pangdidilìg street-sprinkling (as vocation). Ang kasalatàn nina Hwàn sa pananamìt ay nanggálin sa pagsusugàl ni Hwàn. Juan's family's want of clothing is due to his gambling. Hwag kà ng manghampàs. Don't go whipping people. Sya y nanghárang nang manga táo. He made a practice of holding people up. Sya y hinúli nang pulìs dahilàn sa panghahárang nang manga táo. He was arrested by the police for highway robbery. Nangháte si Hwána nang kalákal. Juana shared orders for goods. Ang panghaháte ni Hwána nang kalákal na ipinagbíbili nyà ay sya nyà ng ikinalúge. Juana's getting her stock of goods for sale by sharing in orders of fellow-retailers is what made her lose money. Nanghínà nang pagtakbò ang kabáyo sa kalaúnan nang pagkàgámit sa kanyà. The horse slackened its pace because it had been driven too long. Silà y nanghína`. They grew faint. Manghiràm ka nang palakòl. Go borrow a hatchet. manghúla` practise fortune-telling. Nanghùhúli kamì nang isdà` sa kagamitàn nang dála. We catch fish by means of nets. Ang kanya ng manga pangingílag sa sakìt ay lubhà ng malakè. His precautions against sickness are elaborate. Sya y nangàngabáyo. He rides horseback. Nangapá si Pédro nang isdà`. Pedro caught fish in his hands (by feeling for them in mud-holes). Sya y nangàngaséra. He eats in a boarding-house. mangáwit cut twigs with the káwit (a small, hook-shaped pruning-knife); also: get tired of a position or occupation. Ang báta ng si Hwàn ay nangàngáya nang manga kápwa nya báta`. Little Juan lords it over the other children. Sya y nangúngublè. He is keeping himself in hiding. Hwag kà ng manguròt, Pédro. Don't be pinching people, Pedro. Ang kanya ng pananagínip ay hindí nátuloy, sapagkàt nágising syà sa kalabòg nang púsa`. His dream was interrupted by his being awakened by the falling of the cat. Sya y nanànagínip. He is dreaming. Akù y nanagínip kagabè. I had a dream last night. Namáso sya nang dalíri nang kápwa nya báta`. He scorched his playmate's finger. Pamumútol nya nang kawáya y sundàn mo syà t baká magliwalìw lámang sa kalakhàn nang panahòn. When he goes bamboo-cutting, follow him to see that he doesn't loaf most of the time. Ang pamumútol nang kawáyan ay mahírap. Bamboo-cutting is hard work. Namútol si Hwàn nang kawáyan. Juan cut bamboo. Namùmútol kamì nang damò úpang ipagbilè. We are cutting grass for sale. Mamùmútol kamì nang tubò sa bakúran ni Áli ng Pétra. We are going to cut sugar-cane in Aunt Petra's yard. Ang báta ng may sakìt ay namùmúyat sa kanya ng inà. The sick child keeps its mother awake. Ang maláwig na pananalità` ay hindí maínam. Roundabout speeches are not pleasant. Pédro, hwag kà ng manyásat nang gawá nang máy gawà`. Pedro, don't be inquiring into other people's business. ang panunúlat writing in quantity, clerkship. ang pananahè` the occupation of sewing, the being a seamstress. Silà y nanahímik. They quieted down. Ang bàta y nanahímik. The boy quieted down to take a rest. manáwag call, summon (people). ang panunúro` the act of pointing things out. Sya y nangúna. He went first, He led. Sya y mangùngúna. He will be in the lead. Ang báta y nangupò sa buntòt nang sáya nang babáye. The boy went and sat right down on the lady's train. Ang panguupò nang báta sa buntòt nang sáya ay ipinahintú sa kanyà nang kanya ng nánay. The boy's trick of sitting down on people's trains was put a stop to by his mother. Sya y nangusísa nang manga babáye. She interrogated a number of women. Nangútang sya sa ákin nang limà ng píso. He made a loan of five dollars from me.

Similarly from: áhit, áko`, anàk, báhay, balíta`, barìl, báro`, báyan, bílog, bíro`, búhay, bundòk, damìt, dúkit, gamòt, gupìt, hábol, hámon, hingì`, igìb, ílin, káin, kumpisàl, latà`, lóko, mahála`, noòd, pagítan, píli`, púlot, salákay, saríwa`, singìl, súbok, sulsè, súnog, súyo`, tálo, tangháli`, tiwála`, umìt, yári.

(a) From derived words: ang panghihìmagsíkan in the same meaning as paghihìmagsíkan (from hìmagsíkan, § 377,a); so from kalaháti` (§ 519), kináin (§ 365). See also §§ 421,a. 422,a.

(b) From words with prefix hin- (§ 518) we may derive, theoretically, the transients with prefix manghin-, though the underlying word in most cases does not exist. For the phonetic irregularities see § 334,a,5.

Sila y nanghimagsìk. They came to an armed conflict (bagsìk). Hwag kà ng manghigantì sa kanilà, Hwàn; ang kababáan nang loòb ay lálo ng magandà. Don't take revenge against them, Juan; meekness of spirit is more becoming. Manghíhigantì kamì dahilàn sa manga kalupità ng ginawá nila sa ámin. We will take vengeance on them for the many cruelties they have committed against us. manghinukò cut the fingernails (kukò). Nanghìhináyang silà sa pagkamatày ni Del-Pilàr. They were mourning the death of Del Pilar. Malakì ang kanila ng panghihináyang sa namatày na báta ng si Hwàn, dahilàn sa hindí karanyúwa ng talíno nya. Their grief at little Juan's death was great, on account of his unusual talents. (sáyang). manghiningà pick the teeth (ang tingà foreign substance between the teeth). manghinulè clean out the ears (tu-tulè earwax, § 343).

(c) In one instance the root is doubled; its accent shift is due to the meaning of the root: Nanawà-nawà si Pédro nang márinig nyà na sya y nàpíli ng magìng bóbo sa larò`. Pedro could not keep from snickering when he heard that the choice had fallen on him to be clown in the play.

(4) Special static words.

358. A few individual forms of the preceding group have static value; of transients, umága morning (§ 348) and ang mamáso` a blister (páso`); of abstracts, ang pagkáin food (beside the act of eating), cf. also pagdáka, § 265,9. The following are the regular formations of special static words of this type:

(a) Dual collectives with mag-: ang magáli aunt and niece or nephew. Ang magamà ng si Maryà at si Pédro ay naparoòn sa búkid. Pedro and his daughter Maria have gone to the country. Ang magasáwa ng Pédro at Hwána ay naparoòn sa teyátro. Pedro and his wife Juana have gone to the theatre. Ang magatè ng si Maryà at si Maryáno ay nagsipagpasyàl. Mariano and his oldest sister Maria went for a walk. Sila y magatè. She is his oldest sister. ang magbaláe ng si Hwàn at si Andrès Juan and Andrés, whose children have married each other. magbayàw two men, one of whom has married the other's sister. magbilàs two men who have married two sisters (ang bilàs the husband of one's wife's sister). maghípag two women, one of whom has married the other's brother (each of the two is the other's hípag). magimpò grandmother and grandchild. maginà mother and child. magkúya the oldest brother and a younger brother or sister. magnánay mother and child. magtátay father and child.

Slightly divergent is magának: it includes the whole family, a given person plus his angkàn (§ 379): Nagsimbà ang boò ng magának. The whole family went to church. ang magának na sina Hwàn Krùs the Juan Cruz family. Irregular in meaning are also magdamàg and maghápon, of periods of time.

From a compound word: ang magkápit-báhay two neighbors.

From a phrase: Sila y magkápwa-táo. They act toward each other as fellow men should (kápuwà táo).

From a derived word: magamaìn uncle and nephew or niece (ama-ìn, § 367,a); see also §§ 408. 412,a. 490.

(b) mag- r similarly forms explicit plurals: ang magaamà the group of a father with two or more of his children. ang magbabaláe a group of three or more people whose children have intermarried. ang magiinà mother and children. ang magkukúya a group of brothers and sisters including the oldest brother. magnanánay mother and children. magpipínsan a group of cousins. magtatátay father and children.

From a compound: magkakápit-báhay.

From a derived word: magkakasinglakì (kasinglakì, § 520). See also §§ 412,a. 427,d.

(c) mag- r also forms static words denoting a professional agent: ang magaaráro a plowman, magbibistày woman who sieves the rice in a mill, magnanákaw thief.

From oxytone roots also with retraction of accent: ang magbabáyo a rice-pounder, magbibígas a dealer in hulled rice.

(d) Barytone roots usually shift the accent: ang maghuhugàs a dish-washer, maglalakàd traveller, maglilinìs a cleaner, maglilipà` plasterer, maglulutò` cook; Si Hwàn ay isa ng magpuputòl nang káhoy. Juan is a wood-cutter; ang magsusulàt a clerk scribe, magsusuyòd a harrower (súyod a harrow), maguutàng a habitual borrower. So also from: láko`, táwag.

(e) màng- r has the same value. The accent of the prefix can appear only in an open syllable (§ 338); ang màngingisdà` a fisherman; mànanalakàb fish-trapper (salakàb an inverted basket used as a fish-trap). So: dúkit, hámon, húla`, kúlam, lígaw, sákop, sípa`, tanggòl, tugtòg.

Oxytone roots often have retraction of accent: manggagámot manggagamòt; manggugúpit manggugupìt; Sya y màngingínum nang álak. He is a drunkard; also: mangiínom (with the prefix kept apart by glottal stop, § 34, and no effect on initial vowel); mángangatàm màngangátam; mànglilímos; ang mànanáhe` a seamstress (ang tahè` a seam); ang mànanánim a planter.

(f) Barytone roots usually have accent shift: ang manghuhugàs a dish-washer, manglalagarì` a wood-sawer, mámumulòt a gleaner (púlot); Ang manga mámumutòl nang káhoy ay nagsiáhon nà sa bundòk. The wood-cutters have already gone up into the mountains. ang mánunulàt a scribe, clerk, ang màngungutàng a habitual borrower, a "sponger". So also from: káyo, tálo.

(5) Direct passive.

359. The simple direct passive has suffix -in with accent shift of one syllable in the contingent, infix -in- (§ 334,b,1) in the actual: putúl-in, pù-putúl-in, p-in-útol, p-in-ù-pútol. It corresponds to actives with -um- and abstracts with pag- and, to a large extent, also to actives with mag- and abstracts with pag- r. It expresses, transiently, an object viewed as fully affected, taken in by the actor, or created by a simple action.

Irregularities of form are as listed in § 334,c.

Ináko ni Hwàn ang útang ni Pédro. Pedro's debt was taken over (pledged for) by Juan. Inàalaála ni Pédro ang kanya ng inà. Pedro was thinking of his mother. Hindí nya inàalaála iyòn. He does not mind that. Hindí nya àalalahánin iyòn. He won't mind that (§ 334,c,3). Inàámin nya na ginawá nya iyòn. He admits that he did it. Àamínin nya ang kanya ng kasalánan. He will own up to his misdeeds. Ináangkin nang báta ng si Hwána ang manga laruwàn ni Maryà. Little Juana appropriates Maria's toys. Angkinin mò ang laruwàn. Take the toy for yourself. Pag úulàn ay ararúhin mo ang punláan. When the rains come, plow the germinating-plot. Inàáso nang inà ang kanya ng báta`. The mother is running and shouting after her child (áso a dog). Ináyap námin ang atsára. We used the mixed pickles as a condiment. (ang áyap condiment). Ang aklàt niya ng kaybígan mo ng binanggìt ay áki ng nabása. I have read the book of that friend of yours whom you mentioned. Binátis nya ang ílog. He forded the river. Ang gúlok na yàn ay bàbawíin ko sa iyò, kapag ipinamútol mo nang kawáyan. I shall take back this bolo from you, if you use it for cutting bamboo. Ang tábo` ay binílog ni Hwàn. Juan turned the dipper (on a lathe). Ang úlo ni Hwàn ay binìbílog nang kanya ng manga kalarò`. Juan's playmates are fooling him (literally: turning his head). Binyàk ni Hwàn ang kawáyan. Juan has split the bamboo. Dináing nya ang isdà`. He laid open the fish. Ang manga isdà ng itò ay dinála niyà sa ílog-Pásig. He caught these fish with the net in the Pasig river. Yòn ay áki ng dináramdàm. I am very sorry, That's too bad. Diligìn mo ang manga haláman. Sprinkle the plants. Durúin mo ang áki ng mamáso`. Prick my blister for me. Ginágabi kamì. We were overtaken by night. Hanápin mo ang magnanákaw. Look for the thief. Hinápis nya akò. He made me sad. Hinátì ko ang manga búnga-ng-káhoy sa manga bátà`. I distributed the fruits among the children. Iníhaw nya ang karnè. He roasted the meat. Inísip nya ng magnákaw sa isa ng tindáhan. He thought of stealing from a store. Isípin mo kung saàn mo naíwan ang iyo ng sombréro. Think where you left your hat. Ang kabutì ng itò ay hindí kinàkáin. One does not eat this mushroom. Ipatipìd mo sa bátà` ang kinàkáin nya. Make the child be moderate in its eating. Kinapá ko sa kadilimàn ang áki ng hìgáan. I fell out my bed in the dark. Kúnin mo ang aklàt sa báta`. Take the book from the child. Hwag mò akò ng kurutìn. Don't pinch me. Nilákad námin ang lahàt nang daàn. We walked all the way. Laruin mò ang báta`. Play with the child. Nilìlínis nya ang mésa. She is cleaning the table. Nilúsong mo bà ang balòn? Did you go down into the well? Lusúngin mo ang balòn. Go down into the well. Nilùlúto niya ang gúlay. She is cooking the vegetables (also: linùlúto`). Minámahàl nang manga magúlang ang báta`. The parents love the child. pinalànsa was ironed (palànsa). Pinána ko ang usà. I shot the stag with an arrow. Hindí nya pinápansìn iyòn. He doesn't pay any attention to that. Pinatày ko ang manòk. I killed the chicken. Ang pinílì nya ng manòk ay matabà`. The chicken she picked out is a fat one. Pinílit nya ng gumawá nang páyong ang alíla`. He forced the servant to make an umbrella. Pitasin mò ang manga búnga nang manggà. You pick the mangoes. Pinútol ni Hwàn ang tanikalà`. The chain was cut by Juan. Pagka pinútol mo ang lúbid na iyàn ay lálagpak ang tulày. When you have cut that rope the bridge will fall. Pag pinútol mo ang buntòt nang túta` ay malápit iya ng mamatày. If you cut off the puppy's tail, it is likely to die. Pinùpútol ko ang káhoy. I was cutting the wood. Putúlin mo ang lúbid. Cut the rope. Pùputúlin nya ang búho`. He will cut the bamboo. Pinúyat nya akò. He kept me up late. Hwag mò ng sagasáin, Lúkas, ang kainítan nang áraw sa iyo ng paglabàs sa búkid. Don't hit upon the hottest part of the day for going out to the field, Lucas. Sinísintà ni Pédro ang dalága. Pedro is in love with the young woman. Akò y sinípà nang kabáyo. I was kicked by a horse. Sinuklày nya ang buhòk nang kanya ng anàk. She combed her child's hair; also: Sinuklày nya ang kanya ng anàk. Ang gámit nya ng librò ay sinúlat ni Daruwìn. The book he uses was written by Darwin. Kung sinuntòk nya ang báta` ay suntukìn mo siyà. If he hits the boy, do you hit him. Sinúsuntok nyà ang báta`. He hits the boy on the head. Tagpuìn mo akò sa estasyòn nang trèn. Meet me at the railroad station. Tanawin mò ang súnog! Look at the fire! Ang tábon sa ílog ay tinangày nang ágos. The dam in the river was carried away by the current. Hwag mò ng tanggapìn ang úpa. Don't accept the pay. Tawágin mo si Hwàn. Call Juan. Tinipìd ni Hwàn ang ibinigày ko ng ságing. Juan was saving with the bananas I gave him. Ang dúsa ng kanya ng tinítiìs ay hindí lubhà ng mabigàt. The suffering he is undergoing is not very severe. Tinísod ko ang bakyà`. I kicked away the sandal. Inúna si Hwàn nang hukòm. Juan was dealt with first by the judge. Inusísa akò ni Hwàn. Juan questioned me. Ang inusísa sa ákin ni Hwàn ay kung saan nàndon ang kanya ng sombréro. What Juan asked me was where his hat was. Inútang ko iyò ng salapì ng ibinigày ko sa kanyà kahápon. I borrowed that money I gave him yesterday. Niwáwalis nyà ang alikabòk sa mésa. She is sweeping the dust from the table (also: wináwalìs). Ang niyáyà ko ng magpasyàl ay si Hwàn. The one I invited to come for a walk was Juan.

Similarly from: ágaw, akála`, ákay, akiyàt, alíla`, alintána, alipustà`, alìs, ámo`, anínaw, ásal, bálak, bambò, bása, batò, báwi`, bigkàs, bigtì, bílang, bilì, bitbìt, búhat, bútas, buwísit, dalà, daràs, dikdìk, dúkit, dúkot, gámit, gamòt, gantì, gawà`, gúgol, gupìt, gustò, gútom, hábol, hágod, hampàs, hámon, hantày, hángo`, hárang, haràp, hátak, híla, hilìng, hinála`, hintày, hiràm, hitìt, híwa`, húkay, húli, íbig, inò, inòm, kagàt, kalaykày, kámot, kantà, kúlam, kumbidà, kumpisàl, lála, lóko, lúnod, loòb, matà, múra, nákaw, pálo`, pasàn, pások, pígil, pího, piráso, pirìnsa, pukòl, sábi, sadiyà`, sagòt, salúbong, sampàl, sanggà, sapantáha`, sílip, singìl, siyásat, sumpòng, sundò`, sunòd, súnog, sungánga, tagà`, tákot, talagà, tálo, tampálas, tápos, túkop, tuntòn, úbos, ugáli`, úlit, wíka`.

(a) From derived words: Inùumága silà sa kanila ng pagsasàlitáan. They were being overtaken by their morning in their conversation (um-ága, § 358). Si Hwána ay hinimatày. Juana was attacked by a fainting-fit (himatày, § 518).

(b) From root with shifted accent: Ináabùt nang báta` ang góra. The boy was reaching for his cap.

(c) Accent shift lacking: Mínsanin mo, Hwàn, ang paginòm nang gamòt. Take the medicine all at one swallow, Juan.

(d) From doubled root, with meaning of repeated action: see isà; barytone root with accent shift: ámo`.

360. A few roots which have actives with mag- form the direct passive from the root with pag- prefixed. On the analogy of other forms (cf. § 369) one should expect this to be the case with roots whose active with mag- stood in contrast with -um- (§ 351); this is clearly the case, however, only in pag-isíp-in, pag-ì-isíp-in p-in-ag-ísip, p-in-ag-ì-ísip: Pinagísip nya ng magnákaw sa isa ng tindáhan. He laid plans for robbing a store (cf. in-ísip, § 359). The other roots which have pag- in the direct passive are: barìl, doòp, kúro`, tapìk.

361. To the active with mag- (1) (§ 353) corresponds a direct passive with pag- and accent shift: pag-putul-ìn, p-in-ag-putòl, etc. (pútol): Pinaghatí ko ang manga itlòg na pinatigasàn ni Hwána. I halved each of the eggs Juana had hard-boiled. Pinagisìp nya ang kahulugàn nang manga sènyas na nàkíta nya ng ibiníbigay nang isa ng sundálo sa isa nyà ng kasamahà ng nàhúle nang kaáway. He figured out the meaning of the signals he saw a soldier make to a comrade who was captured by the enemy. Pinagpúputul nang báta` ang sinúlid. The child is cutting the thread to bits. Pagputulin mò, Hwàn, ang manga siìt. Cut out the bamboo-spines, Juan. Pinagusisá nang hukòm ang manga magnanákaw. The judge cross-examined the robbers. Similarly from kúha, nákaw, sábi, sípa`, súnog.

362. Likewise, corresponding to the active with mag- r (§ 354), is a direct passive with pag- r; see gawà`, kagàt.

Passive with pag- (1) r (cf. § 355) from sípa`.

363. Passive with pag- (1) D (cf. § 356): Pinagsabì-sabi nyà sa ibà t ibà ng táo na si Pédro ay nàhúli sa pagnanákaw. He told various people on various occasions, that Pedro was arrested for thievery.

364. The direct passive is made from the root with prefix pang- to correspond to actives with mang- (§ 357): pa-mitas-ìn, pa-mì-mitas-ìn, p-ina-mitàs, p-in-a-mí-mitàs (pitàs). Examples: Inamútan ko si Hwàn nang pinamilì ko ng manga librò. I let Juan purchase from me some of the books I had bought up. Pinamímitas nilà ang manga kamatsilè. They picked the fruits of the tannic acid tree. Pamìmitasìn námin ang manga búlak. We shall pick the capoc cotton. Pinamùlot námin ang manga laglàg na búnga. We picked up the fallen betel-fruits. Pinangútang ko iyà ng salapì` sa kanyà. I had to borrow that money you have there from him. Also from noòd.

(6) Special static words.

365. The infix -in- produces static words denoting things which are produced by such and such a process or treated so and so: ang pinítak each of the small sections into which a rice-field is divided by the irrigation trenches (pítak divide; as root-word, division). So from báta`, hingà, káin, lúgaw, púno`, sáing, súlid.

(a) With accent shift: inakày.

(b) A number of roots (here treated as simple) have the form of words with infix -in- (cf. § 333): hinála`, kinábang, linamnàm, sinungáling, tinápay, tinóla.

366. -in- R: ang ináamà godfather, iníinà godmother; cf. § 412,a.

367. Suffix -in with secondary accent on the first syllable of the underlying word forms static words denoting something which undergoes such and such an action: Ang kalasìng nang kwàlta sa ibà y pára ng isa ng tugtúgin. The clinking of money is for others (than the spender) like music. So from bandà, damdàm, tiìs (only here does the S show itself), tungkòl.

(a) Static words with (1) -in, with irregularities (§ 334,b), person or animal like something: amaìn uncle; so from inà. Also of things consumed: inumìn drinking water, kánin (káin) boiled rice ready to eat.

(b) The same with pang- in pa-naú-hin guest, if from táo.

(c) (2) -in, collective, of places: bukirìn estate, fields, terrain; lupaìn country, part of the world. Of animate creatures, tendency: gulatìn scary, shy.

From derived word, in the latter sense, with S on the first of three syllables: pàniwalaìn credulous (paniwála`, § 347).

(d) -in with reduplication, from numerals, in the sense of with so many: lilimáhin; from da-lawà (§ 345), da-dalawá-hin.

(e) r (2) -in, with irregularity: ka-kan-ìn sweetmeat (káin).

(f) The following roots end in -in (§ 333): bayúgin, buhángin, dalángin prayer, kaingìn, muláwin, salamìn.

(7) Instrumental passive.

368. The instrumental passive corresponding to the active with -um- and, to a large extent, to that with mag-, is formed with the prefix i- (§ 334,a,3); the actual taking also the infix -in- (§ 334,b,2): i-pútol, i-pù-pútol, i-p-in-útol, i-p-in-ù-pútol. It denotes, transiently, an object given forth, parted from, or used as instrument or the person for whom in such and such an action or process.

Iniyalìs nilà ang hárang nang daàn. They removed the obstruction on the road. Iyánib (or: isánib) mo ang iyu ng banìg sa kay Pédro. Make your sleeping-mat overlap Pedro's, i. e. Sleep next to Pedro. Ibinàbágay nang mangkakayò ang damìt sa namímilè sa kanyà. The cloth-merchant is suiting the cloth to her customer. Ibinàbágay ni Hwàn sa kanyà ng kalàgáyan ang kanya ng paggastà. Juan adapts his expenses to his situation. Ibinilanggò nang hukòm si Hwàn. The judge has put Juan into prison. Ibiníngit nya sa lamésa ang orasàn. He put the clock on the edge of the table. Idaan mò sa báhay ni Pédro ang bábuy na itò. Leave this pig at Pedro's house as you pass. Ang bantáyan sa púno nang tulày ay inihágis nang manga lasìng na táo sa ílog. The sentry-box at the head of the bridge was thrown into the river by the drunken men. Ihásà mo ang pangáhit na ytò. Sharpen this razor. Ihinúkay nila nang malálim ang patày. They dug a deep grave for the dead. Íwan mo díto ang báta`. Leave the child here (so: ì-íwan will be left, in-íwan was left, in-ì-íwan is being left). Inilálaàn ko kay Pédro ang ságing na itò. I am putting aside this banana for Pedro (also: itinátaàn). Inilùlúto nya ang gúlay. She is cooking the vegetables (also: ilinùlúto`). Ipinagítan sya sa dalawà ng dalága. He was placed between two young women. Ipináyag ko sa hinilìng nilà ang áki ng sasakyàn. At their request I let them have my vehicle. Ipinútol nya akò nang sinúlid. She cut off some thread for me. Ipútol mo akò nang maìs. Cut some corn for me. Ipùpútol nya ikàw nang tubò. He will cut some sugar-cane for you. Ang kampìt na iyàn ay mapúpurol kapag ipinútol mo nang káhoy. That kitchen-knife will grow dull, if you cut wood with it. Kawáyan ang isinásahìg ni Pédro sa kanya ng báhay. Pedro is using bamboo for flooring his house. Pag pinùpútol ko nà ang liìg nang manòk, ay isáhod mo ang mangkòk na lalagyàn nang dugò`. When I am cutting the chicken's neck, hold under the basin to catch the blood. Isinále nya si Hwàn. He included Juan. Isáli mo si Hwàn. Take Juan along. Isinampày nya sa kanya ng balíkat ang kúmot. He slung the blanket across his shoulder. Isigang mò ang sináing. Put the rice on the fire. Isilid mò sa bóte ang álak. Put the wine into the bottle. Pagulàn ay isoot mò ang kapóte. When it rains put on the rain-coat. Itináwag nang magpapatawàg ang bágo ng kautusàn. The crier cried out the new law. Itinayú nya ang báhay. He erected the house. Itinira nyà sa ákin ang tinápay. He left the bread for me. Itúru mu sa kanyà ang simbáhan. Show him the church. Itúru mo sa ákin ang larò`. Teach me the game. Iwalá mo iyà ng iyo ng sambalílo ng lúma`. Get rid of that old hat of yours.

Similarly, from: álay, átas, bagsàk, balíta`, bigày, budbòd, búhos, bulìd, búrol, buwàl, dáos, dikìt, distíno, dugtòng, gápos, hánap, handà`, hatìd, hintò`, hitsà, húlog, kasàl, kawàg, labàs, ladlàd, lagày, laglàg, lákad, lakàs, lalà`, lapàg, lawìt, libìng, ligtàs, líhim, lúlan, luwà`, páyo, sabàd, sáboy, sagòt, sakdàl, sánib, sarà, sigàw, sèrmon, súlong, sunòd, taàn, taàs, tágo`, táli`, tanìm, tángi`, tápon, tuktòk, túloy, túngo, úbos, útos, wisìk.

(a) From root with shifted accent: Iniyáabùt nya sa ákin ang librò. He was handing me the book. Iyabùt mo sa ákin ang librò. Hand me the book.

369. The instrumental passive is made from the root with prefix pag- when it corresponds to an active with mag- which stands in contrast with an active with -um- from the same root (§ 351); it is used also to express the instrumental relation more explicitly than the simple form, especially the person for whom. Forms: i-pag-pú-tol, i-pag-pù-pútol, i-p-in-ag-pútol, i-p-in-ag-pù-pútol.

Ito ng báhay ang ipinagbili kò. This house is the one I have sold (cf. bumilì buy, magbilì sell). Ang áraw nang kapangànákan ni Risàl ay ipinagdìdíwang sa boò ng Filipínas. Rizal's birthday is celebrated all over the Philippines. Síno ang ipinaglùlúto mo? Whom are you cooking for? (inilùlúto` in preceding section). Ipagpútol mo ngà` akò nang yantòk. Please cut some bamboo for me. Ipagpùpútol kità nang tubò. I will cut you some sugar-cane. Ipinagpútol mo ba akò nang pamilmìt? Did you cut me a pole for fishing? Ipinagpùpútol niya akò nang siìt na gàgawì ng pípa. He is cutting me some bamboo reeds for cigarette-holders. Ang guntìng na iyàn ay mapúpurul agàd, kapag ipinagpútol mo nang damìt. Those scissors will get dull very soon, if you keep using them to cut cloth with. Iyo ng kúnin ang guntìng, kapag ipinagpùpútol nya nang káyo. Take the scissors, if he uses them for cutting cloth. Ang paupó ni Hwà ng sùgálan ay ipinagsábi sa pulìs nang kanya ng kápit-báhay. The gambling party Juan invited was exposed to the police by his neighbor (sinábi was said). Ipinagsakay kò si Hwàn sa áki ng karumáta. I took Juan into my carriage. Ang bágo ng léyi ay ipinagtáwag ni Hwàn. The new law was called out by Juan. Hindí ko bà ipinagútos sa iyò ng gawìn mo itò? Didn't I order you to do this?

Also from: kayilà`, labà, látag, sakdàl, sumbòng, takà, tanòng, tapàt.

(a) From derived words: ipinaghimatày (himatày, § 518); Ipinagúbus-làkásan niya ang pagtakbò. He exhausted all his strength in his running (úbus-làkásan, § 377,b).

370. i-pag (1), corresponding to mag- (1), § 353: from tápon; also from derived word ma-yábang (§ 454, cf. § 353,a).

371. i-pag r, corresponding to mag- r (§ 354), from tanòng.

372. The instrumental passive from the root with prefix pang- corresponds to the active with mang-: Ipinanghárang nila Pédro ang manga barìl na inágaw nilà sa manga pulìs nang báyan. In holding people up Pedro's gang used the guns they had snatched from the police of the district. Ipinamútol ko nang yantòk ang gúlok. I used the bolo for rattan-cutting. Ipinamùmútol nya akò nang kawáyan. He is cutting bamboo for me. Ipinamùmútol nya nang kawáyan ang bágo ng gúlok. He is using the new bolo for bamboo-cutting. Ipamútol mo nang tubò ang kampìt na itò. Use this kitchen-knife for cane-cutting. So also: áko`, balíta`.

(8) Special static words.

373. Special static words with prefix i- express the part of something in such and such a direction, or the direction: ibábaw, ibáyo, ilálim, itaàs, ituktòk; with shifted root: ibabà`.

(9) Local passive.

374. The simple local passive, corresponding to the active with -um- and largely to that with mag-, has the suffix (1) -an with the irregularities described in § 334. The forms of the actual mode have also the infix -in-: putúl-an, pù-putúl-an, p-in-utúl-an, p-in-ù-putúl-an. The local passive denotes the thing affected as place in which or the person to whom.

Inabútan akò nang ulàn. I was caught by the rain. Agáhan mo ang iyo ng pagparíto. Make early your coming here, i. e. Come here early. Pagkagupìt nang áki ng buhòk ay inahítan nya akò. When he had cut my hair he shaved me. Alisan mò nang manga tinìk ang áki ng salawàl. Take the thorns out of my trousers. Inanyáhan silà ni Hwàn na magpasyàl. They were invited by Juan to go for a walk. Arálan mo ang manga Kapampángan. Teach morals to the Pampangas. Asnan mò ang dáing na isdà`. Salt the fish you lay open. Aptan mò nang páwid ang báhay. Roof the house with nipa-palm. Awítan mo ang manga panaúhin. Sing for the guests. Bakúran mo ang sagíngan sa tabì nang ílog. Fence in the banana-grove by the river. Bakúran mo ang báhay. Put a fence round the house. Binalitáan ko si Hwàn nang manga nangyári sa ákin sa labanàn. I related to Juan my adventures in the war. Bantayan mò ang pálay. Guard the standing rice. Basáhan mo akò nang manga kwènto. Read me some stories. Bigasan mò ang tinóla ng manòk. Make the chicken-stew with rice. Si Pédro ang binilhàn ko nang kabáyo ng itò. It was Pedro I bought this horse from. Sa katapusàn ay kanya ng nàpagkilála ang malaki ng pangánib na kanya ng biningítan. In the end he recognized the great danger into which he had betaken himself. Binuksàn ni Hwàn ang pintò`. Juan opened the door. Dinaanàn nang trèn ang báboy. The pig was run over by the train. Dinaanàn ko si Hwàn. I called for Juan on the way (and took him with me). Dalhàn mo nang túbig ang kabáyo. Bring water to the horse. Dalian mò ang pagdadala ríto nang librò. Bring the book here soon. Ang pabása sa bisíta nang San-Antònyo ay dinaluhàn nang marámi ng táo. The reading at the chapel of San Antonio was attended by many people. Dinamíhan nya ang kinúha nya ng ságing. He took many bananas. Dinamuhàn nyà ang damúha ng malápit sa simbáhan. He cut grass on the pasture near the church. Dinapúan nang manga íbon ang sangà nang káhoy. Birds alighted on the branch of the tree. Dinatnàn kamì nang ulàn. We were overtaken by the rain. Diniláan nya akò. She stuck out her tongue at me (ang díla` the tongue); also: Diláan mo ang mansánas. Lick the apple. Hwag mò ng durúan nang karáyom ang áki ng panyò. Don't leave needles sticking in my handkerchief. Hagkan mò si Nánay. Kiss Mother. Hinalúan nang álak ang gátas. Some wine was mixed into the milk. Hinampasàn ni Pédro ang mukhá ni Hwàn. Pedro hit Juan in the face with a whip. Ang daàn ay hinarángan. The road was obstructed. Hasáan mo ang gúlok na itò. Sharpen this bolo. Hintuan mò ang iyo ng pagsusugàl, Pédro, kung íbig mu ng yumáman ka. Put a stop to your gambling, Pedro, if you want to get rich. Hinùhugásan niyà ang manga pinggàn parà sa manga babáye. He is washing dishes for the women. Hulíhan mo nang isdà` ang palàisdáan. Catch fish in the fish-pond. Ang manga sampày na damìt ay hinípan nang hangin, kanyà` nahúlog sa lúpa`. The clothes on the line were blown by the wind and fell to the ground. Hinípan ko ang píto. I blew the whistle. Hinípan ko ang apòy úpang palakihìn. I blew on the fire to make it larger. Inilágan nya ang simbáhan. He kept away from the church. ... ang kabáyo. He got out of the way of the horse. Inlagan mò ang dumárating na tumátakbo ng kabáyo. Get out of the way of the horse that is coming on the run. Itiman mò ang lubòg nang damìt. Make the dye of the garment black. Inìiyakàn ni Hwána ang kanya ng namatày na kaybígan. Juana is weeping over her dead friend. Hwag mò ng kurutàn, Pédro, ang isdà ng nása dúlang. Don't you take a pinch from the fish on the table, Pedro. Hwag mù ng labánan, Pédro, ang kapatid mù ng matandà`. Don't oppose your older brother, Pedro. Ang landàs na gawì ng kaliwà` ay ang iyo ng lakáran. You must take the path which goes to the left. Lakasan mò ang túlak sa bangkà`. Push hard on the boat. Lakhan mò, Hwàn, ang pirasúhin mo ng matamìs. Break off a big piece of the sugar, Juan. Nilalíman nilà ang húkay nang patày. The grave for the corpse was made deep by them. Ang bantày nang manga kanyòn ay nilayásan ang kanya ng lugàr. The guard of the cannon deserted his post. Ligsihan mò ang pagílag sa lugàr na iyàn. Get out of that place quickly. Hwag mò ng luksuhàn ang tinìk na iyàn. Don't jump on that spine. Lulánan mo nang manggà ang karitòn. Load up the wagon with mangos. Luluran mò si Pédro pagbababàg ninyò. Kick Pedro in the shin when you fight him. Nilusúngan mo bà si Pédro? Did you help Pedro? Lutúan mo nang bigàs ang manòk. Cook some rice in with the (already cooked) chicken. Masdan mò ang bwàn. Look at the moon. Minàmasdan kò ang manga nagdádaa ng táo. I am looking at the people who pass by. Minuráhan nya akò sa pagbibilì nang talòng. He made me a low price on the egg-plant. Muráhan mo ang pagbibilì nang labanòs. Sell your large radishes cheap. Ang tanggápan nang manga sanglà` sa báhay-sangláan ni Pédro ay ninakáwan kagabè. The receiving-place of pledges in Pedro's pawn-shop was robbed last night. Nakáwan mo syà nang kanyà ng salapè`. Rob him of his money. Sa pagbubunò` ni Hwàn at ni Pédro si Pédro ay pinaahàn ni Hwàn. Juan caught Pedro by the leg (or: hurt Pedro in the leg) as they wrestled together; but: Pinaanan nyà ang kanya ng kapatìd na natùtúlog. He lay down with his feet toward his sleeping brother. Hwag mò ng paanàn sa iyò ng paghigà` ang kapatìd mo ng natùtúlog. When you go to bed don't lie with your feet toward your sleeping brother. Pinanáwan sya nang pagiísip. He lost his mind. Patayàn mo nang pitsòn ang nilúgaw. Kill a pigeon for the stew. Patisan mò ang isdà` ng itò. Put shrimp-sauce on this fish. Pinayágan nya ang paraà ng itò. He agreed to this plan. Pilikàn mu ang isdà`. Cut the fins off the fish. Pintahan mò ang padèr na ytò. Paint this wall. Hwag mò ng pintasàn ang damìt na yàn. Don't find fault with that garment. Pitasan mò nang búnga ang manggà. Pick some fruits from the mango tree. Ang pinulútan nilà nang manè` ay ang bakúran ni Hwána. The place where they gathered peanuts was Juana's yard. Pinùpunásan nya ang sahìg. She is scrubbing the floor. Punan mò, Pédro, nang isà ng salapè` ang kwàlta ng ibinigày mo sa ákin. Add half a dollar to the money you gave me, Pedro. Putíkan mo ang kanya ng salawàl. Put mud on his trousers. Pinutúlan ko nang usbòng ang manga kamóte. I cut shoots from the sweet-potatoes. Pinùputlan nyà nang manga sangà ang káhoy na nabwàl. He is cutting the branches off the tree that was blown down. Putúlan mo nang ténga ang áso. Cut the dog's ears. Putlan mò nang súngay ang kalabàw. Cut the horns of the carabao. Pùputúlan ko nang súngay ang usà. I shall cut off the stag's horns. Pùputlàn dàw nya nang buntòt ang áso. He says he will cut off the dog's tail. Sinakyàn námin ang bangká ni Hwàn. We rode in Juan's canoe. Sakyan mò ang bangka ng itò. Get into this canoe. Hwag mù ng saláhan ang iyo ng mangà pagpások sa eskwèlhan. Don't skip going to school, Don't play hookey; but: Sinanglan nyà ang singsìng. He missed the ring (in the juego de anillo). Hwag mù ng sanglàn ang usà. Don't fail to hit the stag. Samáhan mo si Pédro. Go with Pedro. Sayawan mò kamì, Hwána. Dance for us, Juana. Sinigawàn nang páre` ang kanyà ng munisilyò. The priest yelled at his sacristan. Sinikáran nang kabáyo ang karumáta. The horse kicked at the carriage. Siglan mò nang álak ang bóte. Fill the bottle with wine. Untì-untí mo ng subúan ang pitsòn. Feed the squabs little by little. Sinugátan sya ni Pédro. He was wounded by Pedro. Sinukláyan nya ang kanya ng anàk. She combed her child's hair. Sulátan mo si Pédro. Write to Pedro. Tinabúnan na ni Pédro ang húkay. Pedro has already filled up the hole. Tagalan mò ang pagkábitbit nang tablà. Keep holding the board that way. Tagalan mò ang pagtitira díto sa ámin. Stay here with us a long time. Tagpian mò ang báro ng itò. Mend this shirt. Tagpuan mò nang iba ng káyo ang kaluwángan nang sáya. Fill out (literally: cause to meet) the width of the skirt with other cloth. Tamnan mò nang manga púno-ng-nyòg ang bakúran. Plant the yard with cocoanut trees. Tinanúran nya ang báhay sa boò ng magdamàg. He guarded the house all night. Hwag mù ng tanggapàn nang úpa ang kaybígan ko ng iháhatid mò sa estasyòn nang trèn, sapagkàt akò ang ùúpa sa iyò. Don't take any fare from my friend whom you will bring to the railroad station, for I shall pay you. Tapunan mò ang bóte. Cork up the bottle. Hwag mò ng tawánan si Hwàn. Don't laugh at Juan. Tawágan mo si Bathála`. Call on the Lord. Tinayuan nyà nang kamálig ang bakúran. He erected a granary in his yard. Tigasan mò ang lúto nang halayà. Cook the jelly hard. Tinirhàn nya akò nang tinápay. He left some bread for me. Tirhàn mo akò nang inúyat. Leave me some molasses; but: Hwag mò ng tirahàn ang báhay na iyàn. Don't live in that house. Ang báhay na iyòn ay ang kanya ng tinìtirahàn. That house over there is where he lives. Tinulínan nya ang paglákad. He hurried his pace. Tulísan mo ang tasà nang lápis. Sharpen the point of the pencil. Untian mò, Pédro, ang ibíbigay mò ng damò sa kabáyo. Give the horse less grass, Pedro. Ùupàn nang manga panaúhin ang manga bangkù ng itò. The guests will sit on these benches. Orásan mo ang iyo ng pagkáin. Have your meals at stated times. Utángan mo nang salapí si Pédro. Borrow money from Pedro. Oóhan mo ang tanòng. Answer the question in the affirmative. Niwàwalisàn niyà ang sahìg. She is sweeping the floor.

Other roots: akmà`, ámot, apòy, balàt, báya`, báyad, bigày, bendisiyòn, búti, dagán, retráto, gámit, gawà`, gupìt, halimhìm, hatìd, háwak, higà`, hitsà, húkay, húlog, íngat, kamìt, kantà, labàs, lagày, lálo`, lápit, lígaw, ligtàs, limòs, mulà`, pagakpàk, palìt, panhìk, pások, prubà, puntà, putòk, sabày, sáboy, sagása`, sákit, salákay, silakbò, subò, súbok, sunòd, sunggàb, soòt, táli`, táma`, tánga`, tángan, tíbay, tibà`, tingìn, túbo`, tugtòg, túlad, túlog, túlong, tungtóng, umpisà, úpa, útos, wisìk.

(a) From derived words: Sya y tinagilíran ni Pédro. Pedro hit him in the side (ta-gílid, § 523), but: Tinaligdàn ni Hwàn si Pédro pagdadaàn nitò sa kanya ng harapàn. Juan turned away from Pedro when the latter came before him. Tinalikdàn ni Hwàn si Pédro. Juan turned his back on Pedro (talíkod, § 523).

(b) Irregularly without accent shift before the suffix: Áki ng binitáwan (or: binitíwan) ang bóte. I let go my hold on the bottle. Bitíwan mo ang lúbid. Let go of the rope. Dinaánan siyà nang isa ng silakbò nang gálit. A fit of anger came upon him. ... nang isa ng masamà ng pagiísip. An evil thought came to him. Dinàdaánan sya nang isa ng malakì ng kalungkútan. A great grief is upon him. ... nang pagkaulòl. He is under an attack of madness. Cf. daanàn, above. Minatáan nang bágo ng táo ang aswàng. The young man looked round for the vampire. Matáan mo ang magnanákaw. Keep an eye open for the thief. So from: sèrmon.

(c) From root with accent shift (so that the total shift is two syllables): Ang utusàn nang kapitàn ay tinamaàn nang bála. The captain's orderly was hit by a bullet. Ang lulòd ni Pédro ay tinamaàn nang bála. Pedro got shot in the shin. Tinamaàn nang kulòg (nang lintìk) ang isa ng púnu-ng-manggà. A mango tree was struck by the thunder (by lightning). Tamaàn ka nang lintìk! May the lightning strike you! (curse.)

375. The local passive is formed from the root with pag- when it corresponds to an active in which mag- is contrasted with -um- (§ 351) or when the local relation, especially of person for whom, is highly explicit: pag-putúl-an, pag-pù-putúl-an, p-in-ag-putúl-an, p-in-ag-pù-putúl-an. Examples: Ang pagsakày sa kabáyo ay hindí magaà ng pagarálan kung salbáhe ang kabáyo. Riding horseback is not easy to learn if the horse is unruly. Hindí káya ni Hwàn ang kanya ng pinagàarálan. Juan's studies are too hard for him. Pagbàbalikàn kità. I will come back to you. Pagbalikàn mo akò. Come back to me. Ang útang ni Maryà ay pinagbayáran nang kanya ng kapatìd na babáye. Maria's debt was paid off by her sister. Ang áki ng kapatìd na laláki ang pinagbilhàn ko nito ng báhay. I sold this house to my brother. Napatìd ang lúbid na kanya ng pinagbìbiyabúhan. The rope on which he was swinging broke. Ang pinagharángan kina Hwàn ay isa ng lugàr na malápit sa manggáhan sa daà-ng-Balíwag. The place where Juan and his company were held up was a spot near the mango-grove on the Baliuag road. Pagharían mo ng mabúte ang pulò ng itò. Rule righteously over this island. Paghasáan mo nang manga pangáhit ang hasaà ng itò. Use this whetstone to sharpen razors on. Ang pinaghatdan kò nang gátas ay maláyo`. The place to which I delivered the milk was a long way off. Sa pasíga ng itò y walà ng lugàr na pinaghùhubaràn nang damìt. At this beach there is no place for undressing. ang pinagibhàn the point of difference, the difference. Pagingátan mo ng dalhìn ang túbo ng kristàl na iyàn, sapagkàt baká magkàputòl-putòl iyàn kung hindí ka maíngat nang pagdadalà. Carry that glass tube carefully, because it might get smashed if you are not careful about the carrying it. Pinagkabyawàn nilà ang lugàr na itò. This place is where they pressed sugar-cane. Ang pinagkàkabyawàn námin ay isa ng lugàr na mataàs káy sa tubúhan. The place where we press sugar-cane is a place higher than the cane-field. Pagkabyawàn ninyò nang tubò ang bágo ng kabyáwan. Press the cane in the new press. Pagkàbyawàn nilà ang bágo ng tayò ng kabyáwan. They will press sugar-cane in the newly-erected press. Ang hwátaw ang sya mò ng pagkánan. The Chinese bowl is what you are to eat from. Si Pédro ang pinagkúnan nang manga kasangkápa ng itò. Pedro is the one from whom we got these tools. Si Migèl ang pinagkùkúnan nya nang kwàlta ng pangbilè nang kalabàw. Miguel is the one from whom he gets money to buy carabao. Ang pagkúnan mo nang pálay ay ang sáko ng may kúlang. The place for you to take rice is the sack that is already broken. Hwag mò ng paglaruwàn, Hwàn, ang kutìng, sapagkàt baká mo iyàn màbúlag. Don't play with the kitten, Juan, for you might inadvertently blind it. Paglarwan mò ang bóla. Play (with the) ball. Ang kutìng ay nàbálot sa pinaglàlaruwàn nya ng damìt. The kitten got wrapped up in the piece of cloth with which it was playing. Pagmasdan mò ang bwàn. Look carefully at the moon. Hwag mò ng pagputúlan nang ano màn ang sangkála ng iyàn. Don't cut anything on that cutting-block. Pinagsalitaàn ni Hwàn ang kanyà ng manga báta ng kapatìd. Juan gave his little brothers a talking-to.

Similarly: bintàng, daàn, daràs, dasàl, háti`, hinála`, katàm, kublì, patày, pílit, sábi, silbì, sísi, tagpò`, tipàn, úsap.

(a) From a phrase: pinagsa-ulàn (sa ulè`).

(b) From a derived word: Mangà pinagpìpìtagánan ko ng ginoò! Respected sirs, Dear sirs (in oral or written address).

(c) Irregularly without accent shift: pinagdaánan (daàn), cf. § 374,b.

(d) With extra accent shift, corresponding to active with mag- (1): Pagputulàn mo, Hwàn, nang manga usbòng ang kalabása. Cut a bundle of shoots from the pumpkin, Juan.

As bitìw lacks the accent shift before -an (§ 374,b), the form with pag- and shift of one syllable belongs here: Pinagbitiwan nyà ang manga manùk na kanya ng tángan. She let go of all the chickens she was holding.

(e) With reduplication of the root, corresponding to the active with mag- r (§ 354): pinagsisiglàn (silìd).

(f) With both extra accent shift and reduplication, corresponding to § 355: Pinagdàdadagukàn nya ang manga kaáway niyà. He was dealing blows to his enemies right and left (dágok a blow with the fist).

(g) From doubled root (cf. the active, § 356): pinagtùtulùng-tulúngan (túlong).

376. The local passive with pang- corresponds to actives with mang-: pa-mutúl-an, pa-mù-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mù-mutúl-an.

Saàn ang pinanggalíngan mo?--Ang pinanggalíngan ko ay an báya-ng-Mayníla`. Where have you come from?--I come from Manila. Ang manga pinítak na kadátig nang sápa` ay sya nyà ng pinanggágapásan (or: sya nyà ng pinamùmutúlan nang pálay). The sections of the rice-field bordering on the ditch are the ones he is cutting rice from. Pinangitlugàn nang manòk ang kahò ng itò. The hen laid its eggs in this box. Hwag mò ng pamitasàn nang búnga ang átis na nása tabì nang balòn. Don't pick the fruits from the atis tree by the side of the well. Siya kò ng pamìmitasàn nang búnga ang byábas na nása gitná nang bakúran. I shall pick fruits from the guava tree in the middle of the yard. Ali ng lugàr ang iyo ng pinamutúlan nang damò? Which place did you cut grass from? Sinundó ni Pédro ang kapatìd na babáye sa báhay na pinanànahían. Pedro fetched his sister from the house where she was working as seamstress. So also from: tálo, tiwála`.

(a) With pang-hin- the local passive corresponds to the active with mang-hin- (§ 357,b); the reduplication affects the hin- which, theoretically, we may regard as part of the underlying word. "Magáral ka ng mabúti at panghinayángan mo ang mahalagà ng panahòn," sinábi ni Hwàn sa kanya ng anàk. "Study hard and take account of the precious time," said Juan to his son. Káylan pa kayá panghìhinayángan nang manga táo ang manga áni ng taòn-taò y nàsìsírà nang luktòn o nang túyot? When will the people at last regret the harvests that are every year destroyed by locusts or by drought? Pinanghinayángan nilà ang nálubog na bangkà`. They were sorry about the canoe that had sunk. Pinanghìhinayángan námin ang marámi ng búhay na ginúgol nang báyan sa pagtatanggòl sa katwíran. We regret the many lives lost by the country in the defense of its rights. (sáyang); similarly from gantì: panghigantihàn.

(10) Special static words.

377. With S -an special static words are formed from oxytone roots, without the irregularities described in § 334. In meaning they fall into two types, which, however, are not always clearly distinct.

(a) They express an action by two or more actors, a kind of plural of root words of the type described at § 341,3,a. Ang àlísan nang manga aluwáge ay sa lúnes nang hápon. The leaving of the carpenters is fixed for Monday afternoon. ang ìnúman a drinking party. Ang ìyákan nang manga báta` ay nárinig ko sa kalsáda. I heard on the street the crying of the children. Ang kàlabúgan nang manga nalaglàg na nyòg dahilàn sa malakàs na hángin ay nárinig hanggàng sa maláyo ng lugàr. The thud of the cocoanuts that were thrown down by the strong wind was audible for some distance away. Ang kàlasíngan nang manga kwaltà ng laglàg sa bulsà ni Hwàn ay sya ng nakàgísing kay Pédro. The rattling of the coins falling from Juan's purse was what woke Pedro up. Ang kantáhan nang manga íbon ay ginágawà nila kung umága. The birds sing together in the morning. Ang kùrútan nilà sa nilúto ko ng isdà` ay lubhà ng madalàs. They often pinched pieces out of the fish I had cooked. Ang litsúnan nila Hwàn ay hindí nátulòy. The barbecue of Juan and his friends did not come off. Ang luksúhan nang manga luktòn ay totoò ng maiiklè`. The leaps of the small grasshoppers are very short. Ang pàgakpákan nang manga táo pagkaraàn nang talumpáte` ay lubhà ng mahába`. The applause of the people after the speech was very long. Ang pintásan ni Hwána at ni Maryà ay parého ng hindí totoò. The criticisms of Juana and Maria make of each other are equally untrue. Ang kanyà ng manga lalagyàn nang tuba` ay pùnúa ng lahàt. His containers for the sap are all full. Ang kanila ng sàkáyan sa trèn ay sa linggò nang umága. They are all to take the train Sunday morning. Naparoòn akò kagabè sa isa ng sàyáwan. I went to a dance last night. Ang sìgáwan nang manga báta` sa kalsáda ay nakabíbingì. The shouting of the children on the street is deafening. ang tàhúlan nang manga áso the baying together of the dogs. ang tàyáan a staking, a putting up of stakes (ang tayà` a stake in a bet or game). Nárinig sa isa ng ùpúan nang manga Intsèk ang kwènto ng itò. This story was heard in a gathering of Chinamen.

Similarly, from: kaluskòs, patày, pustà, putàk, salità`, sugàl, takbò, tipàn, tugtòg, umpòk.

From derived word: Ang hìmagsíkan sa Filipínas ay natápus nà. The fighting in the Philippines is over. (as though from a form -himagsìk, see § 518).

This formation underlies further derivatives, see §§ 352,d. 357,a.

(b) The other meaning of the formation S -an is that of an object viewed, rather explicitly (cf. § 380), as the scene of plural action or the place of things. So: ang bìgásan the place where hulled rice is made, threshing floor for rice, rice-mill. Si Hwàn ang bìgáyan nilà nang kanilà ng manga ninákaw na aláhas. Juan is the one to whom they give the jewelry they have stolen. ang bìlangúan a prison (ang bilanggò` a prisoner). Ang kanila ng bìlíhan nang pálay ay sa kamálig ni Hwàn. The place where they buy rice is in Juan's storehouse. Ang dàánan nang manga sundálo ay ang landàs na itò. The usual route of the soldiers is this path. ang hampásan the whipping-bench. Ang manga magkakápit-báhay na si Andrès, Kulàs, at Pédro ay nagtàtálo tungkùl sa kaní-kanilà ng hanggáhan nang bakúran. The neighbors Andrés, Nicolás, and Pedro are disputing about the boundaries of their grounds. Sa pagítan nang báya-ng-Balíwag at báya-ng-San-Migèl ay máy-roo ng isa lámang na hintúan ang manga naglálakad. Pedestrians have only one stopping-place between the towns of Baliuag and San Miguel. Si Pédro ay sya ng hìráman nang salapì` nang manga táo sa báyan. Pedro is the one from whom the people in the town borrow money. ang hungkúyan a machine for fanning the pounded rice. Ang isa ng taburéte lámang ang ginawá nila ng làgáyan nang kanila ng manga sombréro, sapagkàt ang sabitàn ay punú nà. A chair was all they had to lay their hats on, for the hat-rack was already full. Ang làngúyan sa ílog ay bumábaw. The swimming-place in the river grew shallow. ang làrúan the playground. Ang lìbángan sa manga báta` sa manga bapòr na naglálayag sa dágat nang Pasífiko ay lubhà ng malilínis na lugàr. The play-rooms for children on the steamers that ply on the Pacific Ocean are very neat places. ang nyúgan a cocoanut grove. Ang pàtáyan nang bábuy ay nasúnog. The pork slaughter-house burned down. ang pàtísan a factory for shrimp-sauce (patìs, made of the small shrimp called hípon). Ang báro ng punìt-punìt ay sya nyà ng ginawà ng tagpían nang manga retáso. She sewed the patches all on to the ragged blouse. Ang kanila ng tagpúan ay ang daà-ng-Balíwag. Their meeting-place is the Baliuag road. ang tanyágan an exhibition, exposition. ang timbángan a pair of scales. ang tindáhan a shop, store (ang tindà the goods for sale in a store).

Similarly, from: aklàt, bantày, bigtì, biniyàg, bukàs, buntòt, dasàl, gawà`, hagdàn, higà`, hukòm, kabiyàw, kublì, kulòng, libìng, luksò, manggà, pintà, pintò, pitàg, punlà`, sampày, sanglà`, simbà, sahàn, tanggàp, tarangkà, tirà, upò`.

A very few show irregularities: eskwèl-han, paá-nan, tòto-hánan the truth (totoò); the secondary accent is lacking in damú-han, tubú-han; irregular in kumpìsál-an.

From a compound word: úbus-làkásan (úbos-lakàs).

From a phrase: sà-lawáhan changeable, fickle, as though from sa lawà; for the latter see § 345.

From derived words: ang ìnumínan place for drinking-water, water-shelf (inum-ìn, § 367,a); ang sìlangán-an the east (silang-àn, § 379.

378. The formation (1) S -an is made from barytone roots and corresponds in meaning to (a) in the preceding type; the suffix is added as a rule without irregularity.