Chapter M: D’Arcet states the analysis of Marseilles soap at (19)

SAFETY LAMP -- SAFFLOWER -- SAFFRON -- SAGO -- SAL AMMONIAC -- SAL PRUNELLA -- SAL VOLATILE -- SALAMSTONE -- SALEP, or SALOUP -- SALICINE -- SALT OF AMBER -- SALT OF LEMONS -- SALT OF SATURN -- SALT OF SODA -- SALT OF SORREL -- SALT OF TARTAR -- SALT OF VITRIOL -- SALT PERLATE -- SALT, EPSOM -- SALT, MICROCOSMIC -- SALT, SEA, or CULINARY; Chloride of sodium -- SALT, SEDATIVE -- SALTPETRE -- SALTS -- SAND -- SANDAL or RED SAUNDERS WOOD -- SANDARACH -- SAPAN WOOD -- SARD -- SATIN -- SATURATION -- SCALIOLA -- SCARLET DYE -- SCHEELE’S GREEN -- SCHWEINFURTH GREEN -- SCOURING -- SEA WATER -- SEAL ENGRAVING -- SEALING-WAX -- SEGGAR, or SAGGER -- SELENIUM -- SELTZER WATER -- SEPIA -- SEPTARIA -- SERPENTINE -- SHAFT -- SHAGREEN -- SHALE, or SLATE-CLAY -- SHAMOY LEATHER -- SHEATHING OF SHIPS -- SHELLAC -- SIENITE -- SILICA and SILICON -- SILICATES -- SILICON -- SILK MANUFACTURE -- SILKWORM GUT -- SILVER -- SILVER LEAF -- SILVERING -- SIMILOR -- SINGEING OF WEBS -- SKIN -- SLAG -- SLATES -- SMALL WARES -- SMALT -- SMELTING -- SOAP -- SOAPSTONE -- SODA-WATER -- SODA, Caustic soda -- SODA, CARBONATE OF -- SODIUM -- SOLDERING -- SOOT -- SORBIC ACID -- SOY -- SPECIFIC GRAVITY -- SPECULUM METAL -- SPERMACETI -- SPIRIT OF AMMONIA -- SPIRIT OF WINE -- SPIRITS, VINOUS -- SPONGE -- SPOON MANUFACTURE -- STAINED GLASS -- STAMPING OF METALS -- STARCH -- STARCHING AND STEAM-DRYING APPARATUS -- STEAM -- STEARIC ACID, improperly called STEARINE -- STEARINE COLD PRESS -- STEATITE -- STEEL -- STEREOTYPE PRINTING -- STILL -- STOCKING MANUFACTURE -- STONE -- STONE, ARTIFICIAL -- STONEWARE -- STORAX, STYRAX -- STOVE -- STRASS -- STRAW-HAT MANUFACTURE -- STRETCHING MACHINE -- STRONTIA -- STRYCHNIA -- STUCCO -- SUBERIC ACID -- SUBLIMATE -- SUBLIMATION -- SUBSALT -- SUCCINIC ACID, Acid of Amber -- SUGAR -- SUGAR OF LEAD -- SULPHATE OF ALUMINA AND POTASSA -- SULPHATE OF AMMONIA -- SULPHATE OF BARYTA -- SULPHATE OF COPPER -- SULPHATE OF IRON -- SULPHATE OF LIME -- SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA, Epsom Salt -- SULPHATE OF MANGANESE -- SULPHATE OF MERCURY -- SULPHATE OF POTASSA -- SULPHATE OF SODA -- SULPHATE OF ZINC -- SULPHATES -- SULPHITES -- SULPHOSELS -- SULPHUR; Brimstone -- SULPHURATION -- SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN -- SULPHURIC ACID, Vitriolic Acid, or Oil of Vitriol -- SUMACH -- SWEEP-WASHER -- SYNTHESIS -- SYRUP

TABBYING, or WATERING -- TACAMAHAC -- TAFFETY -- TAFIA -- TALC -- TALLOW -- TALLOW, PINEY -- TAMPING -- TAN, or TANNIC ACID -- TANNING -- TANTALUM -- TAPESTRY -- TAPIOCA -- TAR -- TARRAS -- TARTAR -- TARTARIC ACID -- TARTRATES -- TAWING -- TEA -- TEASEL -- TEETH -- TELLURIUM -- TERRA DI SIENA -- TERRA-COTTA -- TESTS -- TEXTILE FABRICS -- THENARD’S BLUE, or COBALT BLUE -- THERMOMETER -- THERMOSTAT -- THIMBLE -- THORINA -- THREAD MANUFACTURE -- TILES -- TILTING OF STEEL -- TIN -- TIN MORDANTS -- TIN-GLASS -- TIN-PLATE -- TINCAL -- TINCTORIAL MATTER -- TINCTURE -- TITANIUM -- TOBACCO -- TOBACCO-PIPES -- TODDY -- TOLU -- TOMBAC -- TONKA BEAN -- TOPAZ -- TORTOISE-SHELL -- TOUCH-NEEDLES, and TOUCH-STONE -- TOW -- TRAGACANTH, GUM -- TRAVERTINO -- TREACLE -- TRIPOLI -- TUFA, or TUF -- TULA METAL -- TUNGSTEN -- TURBITH MINERAL -- TURF -- TURKEY RED -- TURMERIC, Curcuma, Terra merita -- TURNSOLE -- TURPENTINE -- TURPENTINE, OIL OF -- TURQUOIS -- TUTENAG -- TYPE

ULTRAMARINE -- UMBER -- URANIUM -- URAO

VALONIA -- VANADIUM -- VANILLA -- VAPOUR -- VARNISH -- VEIN STONES, or GANGUES -- VEINS -- VELLUM -- VELVET -- VENETIAN CHALK -- VENTILATION -- VENUS -- VERATRINE -- VERDIGRIS -- VERDITER, or BLUE VERDITER -- VERDITER, or BREMEN GREEN -- VERMICELLI -- VERMILLION, or Cinnabar -- VINEGAR MANUFACTORY, BY MALT -- VIOLET DYE -- VITRIFIABLE COLOURS -- VITRIOL

WACKE -- WADD -- WADDING -- WAFERS -- WALNUT HUSKS, or PEELS -- WARP -- WASH -- WASHING -- WATER-PROOF CLOTH -- WATERING OF STUFFS -- WATERS, MINERAL -- WAX -- WAX, MINERAL, or Ozocerite, -- WEAVING -- WEFT -- WELD -- WELDING -- WELLS, ARTESIAN -- WHALEBONE -- WHEAT -- WHEEL CARRIAGES -- WHETSLATE -- WHEY -- WHISKEY -- WHITE LEAD -- WICK -- WINCING-MACHINE -- WINE -- WINE-STONE -- WINE, FAMILY -- WIRE-DRAWING -- WOAD -- WOLFRAM -- WOOD -- WOOF -- WOOLLEN MANUFACTURE -- WOOTZ -- WORT -- WOULFE’S APPARATUS

XANTHINE

YEAST -- YELLOW DYE -- YELLOW, KING’S -- YTTRIA

ZAFFRE -- ZEDOARY -- ZIMOME -- ZINC -- ZIRCON -- ZIRCONIA

Transcriber’s Notes

General

This e-text follows the text of the original work, including inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation and typography. In particular, the following have not been standardised or corrected (except when mentioned below):

- the two types of fractions used (2-1/2 and 1-10th, for example);

- errors in calculations (for example, constituent parts that do not add up to the total given);

- articles that are not in alphabetical order have not been moved (note that I and J are considered to be equivalent, as in Jasper -- Icehouse -- Jelly);

- missing reference letters/figures in illustrations;

- inconsistent numbering of sections and paragraphs (for example, there may be a paragraph number 1, but no number 2 or further; there may be a section number II, but no number I).

Some illustrations are missing from the original and are not referred to in the text (Figs. 57, 372), others are provided in the original work, but not discussed or described. Fig. 93 is not present in the original, but is described in the text. The original has two illustrations numbered 384; the second one (on page 464) has been renamed 384*. Figures 496/497 and 498/499 are remarkably similar, as is their description.

Remarks on the text

Fontanier and Fontanieu probably refer to the same person.

The text occasionally gives ohm and aime as inits of volume; these are probably aams or ames (circa 30-36 imperial gallons).

There are several references to a table of elasticities of vapour; it is not clear which table is meant.

Page 16, table: the temperature 164° stands out from the other temperatures, and may be wrong (possibly error for 194°)

Page 16, The specific gravity of water at 60° being 1000, at 62° it is 99,981. This phrase contains at least one mistake: the intention might be specific gravities 100 and 99·981, respectively (see also the table following on page 21/22).

Page 19, table, first row, column 70°: 9991 does not fit in with the other data, this is possibly an error for 9981.

Page 25, table, first row (17°): 44·9 does not fit with the other data; this is possibly an error for 44·2; last row but one (24°): 693 does not fit with the other data; possibly an error for 993.

Page 26, table, row 20°: the last value was partly illegible in the original, this should probably be 68·4; row 22° the last decimal was illegible in the original, this should probably be 67·7 or 67·8.

Page 29, Lausania inermis: probably Lawsonia inermis.

Page 41, reference to Gems, cutting of: the article Gems refers to the article Lapidary for cutting of gems.

Page 46, Fig. 14, a plan of the same: Fig. 14 is a different side view.

Page 67, 1000 of a grain of silver: possibly an error for 1/1000 of a grain of silver.

Page 99, reference to Saccharometer: there is no article Saccharometer; the saccharometer is discussed in the article Beer only.

Page 111-112, description of location of elements relative to each other: the author has reversed left and right.

Page 118, See Oil of Ben: there is no such article; the only reference to Oil of Ben occurs on page 895 (table).

Page 150, teint, Germ.: probably error for teint, French.

Page 169, Fernambouc: the 16th century French name for Pernambuco.

Page 178, calculation: 315 loaves at 6d. give 7_l._ 17_s._ 6_d._, making the clear profit 11_s._ 10_d._

Page 225, Chloride of Lime: there is no such article; chloride of lime is discussed under Bleaching.

Page 249, reference to Mill: there is no such article; the article Sugar has a part on mills.

Page 339, first table: the first two columns do not add up to the sub-totals given; it is not clear whether this is due to errors in the data or to miscalculation.

Page 358, Fig. 337 and accompanying text: text and illustration do not seem to fit together, few of the parts mentioned appear in the figure.

Page 382, reference to Prussic Acid: the Dictionary does not have this article.

Page 392, the year 173: the last digit was missing from the original, and has been replaced with a tilde (173~). The 1858 enlarged edition gives 1730 as the year.

Page 396, by of a lever: possibly a word is missing (by means of a lever or similar).

Page 403, footnote [24]: 2198 should possibly read 1829.

Page 512, table Phosphorus: The two values in the last column are incompatible: the first should be one half of the second.

Page 522, about 6-1/2 per cent. upon: possibly a word (such as depending) is missing.

Page 564, second table: the totals do not always add up completely, and the meaning of some of the data is unclear.

Page 605, Abrabanya: should possibly be Abrudbánya

Page 632, dyeing of horse-hair: this is described in the same, not the next article.

Page 742, Bilin in Bohemia: also referred to as Billen and Billin.

Page 784, Houton-Libillardière: probably Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière.

Page 876, The carriage is then again by the rotation ...: there is a verb missing from the text (advanced, moved forward, or similar).

Page 885, Nicaraca: possibly an error for Nicaragua.

Page 895, table, line 41: the specific gravity is likely to be a misprint.

Page 897: strychia: possibly an error for strychnia.

Page 920, three separate sheets: the three knives will cut four sheets.

Page 1093, table: dr. in the column Cochineal may be an error for oz.

Page 1151, reference to page 1041: there is no related information on this page.

Page 1204, arescence: possibly an error for acescence.

Page 1270, Then increase the gradually: a word is missing from the original (possibly heat or temperature).

Changes and corrections made

Some missing punctuation has been added and obvious minor typographical errors have been corrected silently.

Footnotes have been moved to under the paragraph etc. they refer to.

Illustrations have been moved to where they are first or most fully described, they are therefore not always given in numerical order (the original work does not always show them in numerical order either). Illustration numbers have been added to illustrations that lacked a number.

Multi-page tables have been changed to single tables; tables have been re-arranged or split; some tables are presented here with legends or table notes.

For the sake of consistency, the following changes have been made throughout the text:

- All references to illustration numbers in the text have been italicised (_Fig._ nnn etc.); reference letters in the text have been standardised to italics (for lower case letters) and capitals (for upper case letters).

- Apostrophes in French words have been closed with the following word where necessary.

- All decimal points have been changed to mid-dots, commas and dashes have been changed to mid-dots or vice versa where necessary.

- Accents on French words printed in capitals have been moved where necessary (for example E' has been changed to É).

- The Alphabetical List of Articles has been added.

- The German ...saure in nouns has been standardised to ...säure.

- The author uses the single and double dashed pound sign; both are represented here by the same symbol (£). All £/l. s. and d. (pound, shilling, pence) have been italicised for consistency.

Other changes:

Location Original document Changed to
Page vi, table 201,773,872 204,773,872
Page 14 olëine oleine as elsewhere
Page 15 Brongniard Brongniart
Page 22, table, ·70042 ·00042
row ·82
ditto last line ·100 1·00
Page 49 αηθραξ ανθραξ
Page 57 _a a_ A A as in illustration
Page 69, Fig. 87 -- letter c added
Page 75 Baume Baumé as elsewhere
Page 84 -- 2. added before Balsams
without benzoic acid
Page 92 intersticial interstitial as else-
where
Page 109, second table 980 0·980
Page 112 the troughs u the troughs n as in the
illustration
Page 122 Breislack Breislak as elsewhere
Page 144 sp. gr. 0837 sp. gr. 0·837
ditto sheeps’ wool sheep’s wool as else-
where
Page 167 fig. 165, between fig. 163. Between
Fig. 162 _c_ _e_
Page 171 tonne au noir tonneau noir
Page 178, calculation 7 17 5 7 17 6
ditto 0 11 6-1/2 0 11 9-1/2
Page 183 Fig. 170 Fig. 171
ditto Fig. 171 Fig. 170
Page 215 Elberfeldt Elberfeld
Page 220, Fig. 234 d d′ as in text
Page 229 see ... page 224 see ... page 223
Page 240 F′ G′ F G as in illustration
Page 243 tire tiré
ditto _k_ K
Page 245 labiacæ labiatæ
Page 249 -- quote marks added after
... for making candles.
ditto undica indica
Page 278 60·30 feet 69·39 feet
Page 311 rhamnus fragula rhamnus frangula
Page 318 _Figs._ 297, 298. _Figs._ 296, 298.
Page 331 its bottom, C its bottom, _c_
Page 336 Gtakamite Atakamite
Page 345, Fig. 318 -- ′s added as mentioned in
text
Page 356 pulley or whorl _g_ pulley or whorl _q_ as
in drawing
Page 372 5·463 lbs. of force 5463 lbs. of force
Page 385 45 (or nearly so) 45° (or nearly so)
Page 394 Münzstampeln Münzstempeln
Page 403 are constantly making are constantly made
Page 450 1·375 137·5
Page 464 -- Fig. 384 renamed Fig.
384*, (also reference to
this illustration in
text)
Page 480, table header 3/4 to 174 3/4 to 1-1/4
Page 481 Hamecons Hameçons
ditto Fishangeln Fischangeln
Page 499 _fig._ 524 _fig._ 452
Page 510 Bernardiere Bernardière
ditto cachemire cachemere as elsewhere
Page 515, Peroxide 2F 2Fe
of iron
Page 524, formula (1) 1·000,000 1,000,000
Page 530, Fig. 480* lower d b
Page 534 -- Opening quotes added
before conclusion nr. 1.
Page 538, schematic -- 2 inserted in second row
Pillow Fustian
Page 548, Fig. 482 -- reference letter s added
Page 552 30,000 feet of gas 30,000 cubic feet of gas
Page 553 _fig._ 488 _fig._ 489 (second
reference in text)
Page 554, formula 7 ) (
Page 561 we have 100·4 we have 100 and 4
Page 574, table curly bracket embraces curly bracket embraces
lime and silica silica only
Page 580, Fig. 507 -- illustration numbers
and 508 interchanged to conform
to text
Page 594 (3 × 77·6) 232·8 (3 × 77·6) = 232·8
Page 608 -- closing quote mark added
after ... 47 millions
per annum.
Page 618 Graufärbe Graufarbe
Page 645 Wohler Wöhler
Page 650 a section of the a section of the presser
pressure
Page 658 _p_, small spiral P, small spiral springs
springs as in drawing
Page 670 Liebeg Liebig
Page 674 Elbeuf Elbœuf
Page 684 Huttenberg Hüttenberg
Page 709 shachtofen schachtofen
Page 713 ruckstein rückstein as elsewhere
Page 740 as is shown in _fig._ as is shown in _fig._
621. 622.
Page 745 Himmelsfurst Himmelsfürst
ditto Beschertgluck Beschertglück
Page 746 Huelgoet Huelgoët
Page 747 gelena galena
ditto Huelgöet Huelgoët
Page 748 Kongsburg Kongsberg as elsewhere
Page 749 _z_′ _z_′ _z z_ as in drawing
Page 750 Z′ Z′ _z z_ as in drawing
Page 752 Poulläouen Poullaouen as elsewhere
Page 760 Vicenago Viconago
Page 774 Rudersdorf Rüdersdorf
Page 783 Farberröthe Färberröthe
Page 784 Societé Société
Page 785 Kuhlman Kuhlmann
Page 792 silk-works are reared silk-worms are reared
Page 793 magnesien magnésien
Page 805, Figs. 656 -- primes added as
and 657 described in text
Page 814 Poullaounen Pouallouen as elsewhere
Page 818 K K′ K′ K′′ as in
illustration
Page 822 Ehrenfriedensdorf Ehrenfriedersdorf
Page 828 mlydenum molybdenum
Page 829, table , · (2x)
ditto -- blank line inserted
under Water
ditto La Ferte-sous-Jouarre La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
Page 849 rothelie gende rothe liegende
ditto lumachello lumachella
Page 853 Breïtlingerwetter- Breitlingerwetterschacht
schacht
ditto _m_, _n_, _o_, _q_, _m_, _n_, _o_, _q_,
R, _s_ _r_, _s_
Page 854/855 (table) -- table notes [a] through
[d] were printed as
vertical text in the
original work
Page 859 _t t_ _t_ T as in illustration
Page 868 oölite oolite
ditto Puzzuolo Puzzuoli
Page 874 Braconot Braconnot as elsewhere
Page 889 (table) 93·024. 93,024
Page 891 Stichstoffoxyd Stickstoffoxyd
Page 895 Hyociamus Hyosciamus as elsewhere
Page 897, table -- the original work has a
mixture of plain text
(olive oil and sperma-
ceti) and table; this
has been changed to a
table
Page 898 Wurtemburg Wurtemberg as elsewhere
Page 900 by passing into a by passing into a slit-
slit-groove the verti- groove in the vertical
cal turning shaft turning shaft
Page 909 rosmarinus officialis rosmarinus officinalis
Page 922 _a_, _c_, _d_ _a_, _b_, _c_
Page 929 -- quote marks added after
... from the invention.
Page 930, table -- 2 added before Journey-
men
Page 931, table, first or 4 vats 3 or 4 vats
line
Page 933 (p. 967.) (p. 936.)
Page 944, table grams grains
header above No. I
Page 989, Fig. 864 lower d b
Page 1000 rollers, _figs._ rollers, _figs._
885. 886. 886. 887.
Page 1001 Descotil Descotils
Page 1002 Goro-Blagodatz Goroblagodat as else-
where
Page 1029 Mintereau Montereau as elsewhere
Page 1056 Solfaterra Solfetara
Page 1080 -- quote marks added after
... casualty from
explosion.
Page 1090 schlot-plan schlot-pan
Page 1074 _fig._ 50 _fig._ 950
Page 1106 _Fig._ 796. _Fig._ 976.
Page 1127 _Fig._ 1011. _Fig._ 1012.
Page 1129 _Figs._ 1023. and _Figs._ 1024. and 1025.
1026.
Page 1137 Himmelfürst Himmelsfürst
Page 1175 -- quote marks added after
... or of the alloys.
Page 1185 Liquidamber Liquidambar
styraciflua styraciflua
Page 1196 the feeder unites them the feeder unties them
Page 1245 The portion B is to be The portion A is to be
washed again washed again
Page 1250, -- missing 0 in shillings-
calculation column added
Page 1252 Poerner Poërner
Page 1253 Moiree Moirée
Page 1281, table, 00·184 0·0184
column Carlsbad, row
Fluoride of Calcium
ditto column Seltzer, 00·185; 0·0185
row Alumina
ditto Pullna Püllna
Page 1284 In his way In this way
Page 1332 _fig._ 1230 _fig._ 1231